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A 45-year-old woman experienced myelodysplasia, trilinear cytopenia, and cytokine release syndrome while being treated with tisagenlecleucel for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cells lymphoma. She also showed lack of efficacy during treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bendamustine, methotrexate, and erythropoietin for low-grade lymphoma or anemia. The woman underwent autologous stem cell transplantation and received CAR-T therapy with tisagenlecleucel infusion. She experienced complications such as cytokine release syndrome and grade 4 trilinear cytopenia, but eventually achieved complete remission of the lymphoma. However, she developed myelodysplasia secondary to tisagenlecleucel and experienced persistent cytopenia, although it improved over time. [Extracted from the article]

A 26-year-old man with recurrent classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS), haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)-like syndrome, and diabetic ketoacidosis while being treated with brentuximab-vedotin and nivolumab. Despite receiving various treatments, including tocilizumab, etoposide, and dexamethasone, the patient exhibited a lack of efficacy. His condition worsened, and he ultimately died due to CRS and HLH-like syndrome. Autopsy results did not show clear tissue evidence of haemophagocytes. [Extracted from the article]

A 51-year-old woman with Ig-G-K multiple myeloma (MM) developed COVID-19 Omicron variant infection and pulmonary aspergillosis while undergoing treatment for her condition. She was receiving multiple drugs, including bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, lenalidomide, carfilzomib, pomalidomide, and daratumumab. She also received tocilizumab for cytokine release syndrome. Despite being vaccinated with tozinameran for COVID-19, she experienced vaccine failure. Additionally, treatments with remdesivir, molnupiravir, and cilgavimab/tixagevimab for COVID-19 Omicron variant infection did not show efficacy. The outcomes of these events were not specified. [Extracted from the article]

A retrospective review of electronic medical records identified five patients who developed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) during treatment with CAR T-cell therapy for various types of lymphoma and leukemia. The patients experienced tuberculosis in different organs, including the lungs, central nervous system, mediastinal lymph nodes, subcutaneous tissue, and bone. They also exhibited lack of efficacy with certain tuberculosis treatments. The cases highlight the potential toxicities and lack of efficacy associated with CAR T-cell therapy and other drugs used in the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a case series of six patients, five men and one woman aged 50-60 years, who experienced various toxicities and lack of efficacy during treatment for lymphoma. The patients received different therapies, including tisagenlecleucel, lisocabtagene-maraleucel, axicabtagene-ciloleucel, rituximab, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, ifosfamide, etoposide, and methotrexate. The toxicities observed included tumour pseudoprogression, cytokine release syndrome, and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Some patients achieved complete remission with certain therapies, while others experienced progressive disease. [Extracted from the article]

A 55-year-old woman with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) experienced lack of efficacy and various toxicities following multiple treatments. She developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) after receiving axicabtagene ciloleucel therapy. Additionally, she contracted an Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The woman underwent various treatments, including CAR-T cell therapy and pneumonectomy, and ultimately achieved complete remission for DLBCL. [Extracted from the article]

A retrospective study at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre described four cases of drug toxicity and lack of efficacy in patients receiving multiple infusions of tisagenlecleucel for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The patients experienced toxicities or lack of response to various drugs, including methotrexate, vincristine, dexamethasone, daunorubicin, and pegaspargase. They also developed cytokine release syndrome or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome during treatment with tisagenlecleucel. The study provides detailed information on the treatment protocols and outcomes for each patient. [Extracted from the article]

The development of her BK-virus infection was attributed to ARI-0002[ I not all durations of treatments to reaction onset and outcomes stated i ]. Afterwards, she developed grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia secondary to fludarabine cyclophosphamide and ARI-0002 treatment. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In a case report a woman in her 60's was described who developed gastrointestinal toxicity during treatment with carfilzomib; neutropenia and thrombocytopenia during treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and ARI-0002 and BK-virus infection during treatment with ARI-0002 for IgA-lambda symptomatic multiple myeloma [MM]. [Extracted from the article]

Dramatic Recovery after Etoposide Phosphate Infusion for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome following Treatment with Tisagenlecleucel in a Young Patient with Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report. Additionally, he exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with dexamethasone, norepinephrine, tocilizumab and siltuximab for cytokine release syndrome [ I not all routes, dosages and durations of treatments to reactions onsets not stated i ]. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event An approximately 21-year-old man developed pulmonary aspergillosis during treatment with vincristine and methylprednisolone and cytokine release syndrome and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome during treatment with tisagenlecleucel for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. [Extracted from the article]

Also, he exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with remdesivir, unspecified antibacterials, unspecified steroids, zinc, ascorbic acid and off label itolizumab for COVOD-19. He had been receiving mesalazine [mesalamine] 1g tablet and levothyroxine sodium [levothyroxine] 25 g daily tablet. He started receiving remdesivir, unspecified antibacterials [antibiotics], unspecified steroids, unspecified low molecular weight heparins, zinc tablet, ascorbic acid [vitamin C] tablet and other supportive treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Atrial fibrillation recurred on day 5 of CAR-T infusion and amiodarone was administered again; normalised heart rate was achieved after 4 hours of treatment. However, she developed induced grade 3 atrial fibrillation, grade 1 decreased myeloproliferation, grade 3 neutropenia and grade 1 CRS secondary to lenalidomide and unspecified CAR-T-cell-therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor T - cell combined with lenalidomide for triple - class refractory multiple myeloma after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: report of 1 case and review of literature. [Extracted from the article]

Case 4: A patient [ I age and sex not stated i ] developed I Escherichia coli i infection following lymphodepletion chemotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and unspecified CAR-T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Case 5: A patient [ I age and sex not stated i ] developed bronchoalveolar I Aspergillus fumigatus i infection following lymphodepletion chemotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and unspecified CAR-T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory lymphoma. B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event In a retrospective cohort study of 60 patients treated between September 2018 and September 2020, six patients including two men and one woman aged 68-72 years [ I not all ages and sexes stated i ] were described, who developed neurotoxicity, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation pneumonia, acute kidney failure, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infection, cytokine release syndrome, I Escherichia coli i infection, bronchoalveolar I Aspergillus fumigatus i infection or parainfluenza virus infection following treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, axicabtagene-ciloleucel, unspecified CAR-T-cell therapy or foscarnet [ I dosages and routes not stated i ; I not all durations of treatments to reactions onsets and outcomes stated i ]. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event * Drug interaction A 55-year-old man developed tumour lysis syndrome (TLS), lymphocytosis, mild electrolyte abnormalities, cytokine release syndrome following interaction with duvelisib and CD20-CD19-cCAR-T-cell-therapy-iCell-gene-therapeutics. The man, who had refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia received treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, ibrutinib, venetoclax, idelalisib and CD20-CD19-cCAR-T-cell-therapy-iCell-gene-therapeutics [CD19/CD20 bispecific (LV20.19) CAR T; CAR T-cell] in a clinical trial. After completion of his CAR T-cell course, he developed grade 2 cytokine release syndrome, which was manifested by hypotension and fever that required 6 days treatment with tocilizumab. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 34-year-old man developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and paradoxical haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS) following treatment with tisagenlecleucel for refractory T-cell rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Thus, in order to distinguish between CAR-T-cell-related HLH/MAS or HLH/MAS secondary to progressive disease, a PET-CT was performed on day 25 after tisagenlecleucel infusion, which revealed paradoxical response in comparison to pre CAR-T cell therapy scan. Refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage-activation syndrome (HLH/MAS) following treatment with tisagenlecleucel for refractory b-cell lymphoma. [Extracted from the article]

B Author Information b An event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is: * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important event A 68-year-old woman developed cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, prolonged neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, lymphopenia, reactivation of the JC virus (JCV) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) during treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel for recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. One month later, a PET/CT showed complete metabolic remission and there was no evidence of disease relapse. A repeat PET/CT showed a continuous remission in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [Extracted from the article]