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This article will focus on the analysis of the use of the big data industry in the field of politics. This paper will analyze in detail the case of the Cambridge Analytica company and will delve into the effects of the use of big data in the United Kingdom's referendum on permanence in the European Union and in the 2016 US presidential elections. The objective of this article is to show the harmful effects that the use of big data has in electoral contests and the damage that this new technology can cause to democratic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interprets a short passage by Heidegger on the difference between literature and poetry and, especially, on the "unfathomable essential power" of literature. We will argue what the phenomenological features of this "power" of literature that distinguishes it from poetry, showing the internal problematicity of such a distinction. In order to foreground the meaning of this "unfathomable essential power" of literature, a brief reading of Don Quixote's El curioso impertinente will be made. The conclusion is that the "unfathomable" power of literature lies in its ambivalence to be a means of homologation and resistance to that same homologation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested in the philosophy of mind that, contrasting with pure physical states, conscious states are those in which there is something that is like to be. Conscious states have a phenomenology. Assuming an intuitive distinction between sensory and cognitive conscious experiences, over the last years a debate has been established around the question about the phenomenal nature of our cognitive states, especially, our own thoughts. This has been called the cognitive phenomenology debate. A proper examination of the debate cannot be separated from a critical analysis of the ways in which we draw conclusions about the phenomenal components of our conscious lives. This paper examines some of the most fundamental problems deriving from the two main argumentative strategies used in the debate, namely, introspective reports and phenomenal contrasts. After analyzing how these strategies might support certain positions within the debate, the article explores how some aspects of the phenomenology of mathematical reasoning could enlighten the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observation of ancient cynicism as a philosophical precursor of anarchism has been made by a large number of scholars and specialists in both fields. The following paper aims to bring new insights into the cynicism-anarchism relationship. Our starting point is the figure of the proto-Cynic Diogenes of Sinope [412-402 / 325-321], whose heterodox philosophy, of which we do not preserve writings, has been the object of ambivalent receptions throughout history. We will see why he has been claimed as an illustrious member of the prehistory of anarchism and what new perspectives we can add to these studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a reading of Smith's political philosophy, based on his theory of political obligation, as a critique of contractarianism. The author will reject the hypothesis of the state of nature and the consent of individuals, proposing, instead, a theory based on opinion, but, above all, on the illusion that commercial society will lead us to happiness. We will trace these ideas in three of his most important texts: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, The Wealth of Nations, and the Lectures on Jurisprudence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the problem of the instant (Augenblick) from the early work of Martin Heidegger and its extension in Being and time. The persuasion that only primitive Christianity has lived an original temporality, extends in Being and time in an interpretation of the instant as integration of the past and the future. That which in Aristotle could not be constituted --the connection between kairós and výn-- finds its full disclosure in Pauline eschatology. However, the éschaton of the Christian parousía becomes Being and time in an eschatology of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a double reflection on the cognitive differences between humans and machines from ethics. In the first place, I will try to differentiate between human thought and machine processing through etymological, semantic and comparative methods that will reveal why it is not possible to attribute thinking capacities to artificial intelligences. On the other hand, these terms will be related to the praxis of representative democracy through various examples. This analysis is based on three aims: the need for mutual recognition through language; the commitment acquired through the word; and democracy as an expression of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a Reading of Schillers' letters On the aesthetic Education of Man from the viewpoint of the concept "sociability" with which Schiller situates, in the last letter, the territory where the aesthetic way towards "freedom" would break through. It is pointed to the propagation of the sociability concept via the kantian anthropology and the sociology of Simmel. It is postulated the affinity of this approach with the contemporary thinking of the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as a starting point the important critical exchange between John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas in The Journal of Philosophy in March 1995, the aim of this paper is to explore the place that consensus occupies in the foundation of the political thought of both authors. In such a way that the intersubjective character that underlies both Rawls' theory of justice and Habermasian discourse ethics can be highlighted. The above, in fact, implies a conceptual exercise that leads to the clarification of two argumentative paths, both heirs of an own interpretation of Kant, aimed at providing a solution to the foundation of moral principles in contemporary plural societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the concept of community in the work of Italian political theorist Roberto Esposito. The relationship between Esposito's idea of communitas and recent literature in animal rights theory is explored. It is argued that the communitas theorized by Esposito contributes to rethinking the political beyond the human, in ways that complement, but also challenge, the idea of political community presupposed in, but not explicitly theorized by, Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka's notion of zoopolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a philosophical-literary interpretation of the work of Rainer Maria Rilke, carried out, fundamentally, from: Duino Elegies (1923) and Sonnets to Orpheus (1923). It is suggested that the Rilkean work contains a proposal for a solution to the existential problem of man in the world, in the context of the crisis of modernity. The poet describes a way to achieve a new human root, whose fundamental axis is the acceptance of death, which is materialized in the acquisition of awareness of one's own body and its finitude, based on sensitive experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the one hand, this paper shows how Hannah Arendt's "tone", far from being "flippant" or "mocking" -as Scholem suggested in a letter to her--creates a necessary perturbation in order to discover hypocrisy. That is the way to act responsibly to interpret our present and, then, face and write the history. On the other hand, we remark some philosophical concepts that, when used blurredly from different traditions may create a fixed world and people. With Arendt's mastership we analyze them in order to reenergize them. For this task we use the help of some other philosophers as Fina Birulés or Marina Garcés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a phenomenological description of the social outburst in Chile since October 2019, this paper intend to show the abuse of the notion of model and the ambivalence of plurality as analytical category. The protest appears in different perspectives: 1) As the expression of a social movement which attempts to change the model; 2) the arise of an unspecific malaise crossed by a constituent/depriving process; 3) A nihilistic expression of excluded, reluctant to all kind of authority; 4) A drug dealers strategy in order to cover territories in marginal zones. The connection with the political system put the protest on another framework of significance, and set up the question of an alternative governability; otherwise, this description involves a turn of reflection against the traditional sense of understanding: instead of seeking the permanent through the transitory, the permanent appears crossed by the transitoriness and immersed in the singularity of an experience, narratively communicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Gelassenheit appears in Heidegger's work fundamentally as temper of mind linked to the way of life of the human being at the time of the consummation of Western metaphysics, at the time of the technical age. This paper traces the semantic origin of the concept of serenity in the existential analytic of Being and Time and specifically in relation to authenticity, care and fallen existence. We will try to discover that the work of1927provides the decisive question of serenity: how life is to be endured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of virtue by Alasdair MacIntyre has been treated by his critics in a unsystematic and shallow way. In particular, the virtue of prudence (the 'phronesis') has received little attention. Prudence is a very important virtue in MacIntyre's thought, although the author has not analyzed it in a unitary and systematic way. His main proposals about human being and moral enquiry can not be understood without the virtue of prudence. The aim of this paper is to offer an exposition and an analysis of this virtue in MacIntyre's thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims the discussion between Augusto Salazar Bondy and Leopoldo Zea about lateinamerican philosophy, that takes place towards the end of the 1960s. The objective is to show that this discussion is the place of a differendum; that means, of conflict between dissimilar positions and representations, in some cases irreconcilable. As proposed, what is discussed in that controversy is the meaning of philosophy and the philosophical, in contexs of enunciation such Latin America. For this, we review some conceptual nuclei of the dispute, showing it as a current philosophical discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper seeks to interrogate the attentional dimension of human existence from the contributions made by Paul Ricoeur in his early phenomenological work. Along with this, we propose to complement the ethic of solicitude developed by him in his main work Soi-même comme un autre with a phenomenology of attention. In our opinion, this could allow to obtain an understanding rooted in the human experience which is lacking in the analysis of solicitude proposed by Ricoeur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends the relevance of philosophy in the contemporary study of concepts. With the advent of cognitive science, naturalistic and interdisciplinary the orizing about concepts has gained momentum. In this context, it has been recently argued that philosophers' theories of concepts are not aimed at answering the issues that psychologists are interested in, thus dismissing the mentioned philosophical contribution as scientifically otiose. We present and discuss two cases in point suggesting otherwise, as an attempt to vindicate the crucial role of philosophy in the development of empirical theories of concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to an influential line of scholarship, Aristotle's best city has to be interpreted as a politeia (πολιτεία). This line of thought is still dominant among German scholars. As a champion of "Aristotelian Social Democracy", Martha Nussbaum is part of this line as well. Against such interpretations, this paper substantiates the thesis that Aristotle belongs in the tradition of aristocratic political thought. That tradition goes back to Theognis, Heraclitus, and Plato. It started with a critique of both the decline of aristocratic virtues and the rise of democratic and egalitarian values. This paper demonstrates that Aristotle understands the different forms of constitution as embodiments of different conceptions of distributive justice. It shows that Aristotle has a clear preference for the aristocratic conception and, as a consequence, for aristocracy. The constitution of the best city, which he outlines in Books VII and VIII of the Politics, has to be understood as a "true aristocracy" in which the political offices are distributed according to worth (κατ᾽ ἀξίαν) to the morally and intellectually best citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes biopolitics discussion in the context of contemporary political philosophy: Arendt, Foucault, Agamben, Esposito and Derrida. The first two are crosslinked because they put us in the "threshold" or "birth of biopolitics", the following two because they provide the negative and affirmative dimensions thereof. While the latter indicates the character of undecidability field explored. The route I follow is, first, to expose how it is argumentatively placed each of the authors cited around the expression: "man is a political animal". Secondly, I raise the importance of going beyond an affirmative and negative biopolitics, once I check the reviews of Italian Foucault and Arendt. Thirdly, we establish the differences between, on the one hand, the Italians in their ontologizador and simplistic approach of biopolitics and, second, Arendt and Foucault as singular historical event. Fourth, I explain in "political friendship "the alternatives proposed by these authors on the problem of managing life or biopolitics. Finally, and fifthly, I outline a reading of biopolitics as phármakon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acording to standard approaches (Sextus, Diogenes, Galeno, B.Mates, Long y Sedley, Bochenski, Lukasiewicz), the Stoic logic is actually a deduction system, a propositional system of logic in today perspective. The work of Chrysippus about the five indemonstrable arguments is the principal basis of this system. In this paper I examine the nature of indemonstrable arguments, the Antipater's theorem and the basic schemas of inference, or zemas. On the other hand, in particular I hold that the indemonstrable arguments have another important role for philosophy and history of logic; this role is the justification of deduction, a central problem at present. I analize, first, the indemonstrable and conditional justification of deduction and second, the cognitive justification of logic implied in stoic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the concept of 'critical thinking' formulated by the Thinkers of the Critical Thinking Movement contains a gap that greatly undermines its enterprise: the movement asserts that a critical thinker develops a direct and transparent selfknowledge, which would imply quasi-infallibility. In the history of philosophy some thinkers have defended this possibility of direct and infallible self-knowledge, for example René Descartes and more recently Donald Davidson. However, such knowledge seems to have some more or less clear limits that are not taken into account by the thinkers of the MPC to formulate their notion of critical thinking and by this their philosophical and pedagogical project may be unfounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we draw a proposal to develop a logic of fictions in the game-theoretical approach of dialogical pragmatism. From one of the main criticisms that point to classical logic: the structural schizophrenia of its semantics (Lambert, 2004: 142-143; 160), we review the ontological commitments of the two main traditions of logic (Aristotle and Frege) to highlight their limits concerning the analysis of fictional discourse, and the overcoming from a pragmatic game perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the answer of the Italian Theory, from Roberto Esposito, to the political degeneration proposed in the critical authors of modernity, understood as a way out from politics and as a technification. We'll provide a clarification of these critical thoughts and the proposal of Esposito: an identity between technology and politics. With an hermeneutic-analytical paper, we will clarify what is technology in those authors and in Esposito's thought. This contemporary endeavor allows to claim a technical conception of political reality, and constitutes a new access to the question about humankind through technology, from a pure political activity point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the highly professionalized standards of the academy, with its rankings and scientific productivity, humanities subsist. A possible explanationof this phenomenonis that, according to Social Ontology, desire-independent reasons for action are the key in contexts of education, and of humanities. In this paper, I examine how the market forces, which favor individualism and competition, creates tension between desires and obligations. As I argue here, in market contextsactions that satisfy desires are more valued than the theorization about collective intentionality and its product: the human civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I analized the emergence of the new subjectivisation technologies pharmacopornographic (Preciado, 2008) as a result of a change in organizational schemes and immuneresistance experimented by the social bodies sincemid of the XX century, and involving the technical neutralization of other nessinmunolically efective (Han 2012) parallel to collapse of the semantics and social estructure because of the conformation of individualistic foams (Sloterdijk 2006). To do this, I analyze the somatopolitcs effect of an representative corpus of such subjectification technologies: the Pill, Viagra and PReP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at expounding the dialectical character of Eleatism's refutation in Physics I 2-3. First, it will be argued that the Aristotelian dialectic can constitute a method of scientific investigation. Secondly, it will be shown that the refutation of Eleatism in Physics I 2-3 can be justified onlywithin the framework of a dialectical argumentation, since this refutation constitutes a method of clarification of physical principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ludwig Feuerbach gives Spinoza the credit of authorship of speculative philosophy. Lagging behind is, therefore, Schelling, considered by Feuerbach as the restorer (Widerhersteller) of the same. In the sequence established by Feuerbach, Hegel would be, for his part, just a further element in speculative philosophy's constitution, nevertheless, having the considerable merit of accomplishing such system of thought. In this paper, my aim is to determine to what extent the author of this philosophy is present in the one who fulfills it. I will outline the shape and extent of that presence by placing the focus on a nuclear aspect, which, at the same time serves here as a guide for my proposal: denial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine in first place some philosophical implications of P. Maddy's mathematical naturalism as a philosophical account which allows us to overcome the drawbacks associated to both fictionalism and physicalistic realism in philosophy of mathematics. Besides that, the main virtue of that account seems to lie in the solution it provides to the applicability of mathematics problem when rejecting both the indispensability thesis and confirmative holism postulated by Quine. In second place, on the basis of difficulties intrinsic to Maddy's philosophical program, we explore a better motivated naturalistic option -the embodied cognition approach- and suggest that it allows to adequately explain why most of set-theory specialists use to postulate the existence of some large cardinals, in particular, non-constructible sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares two normative theories of education in Chile, one centered in the republican tradition, mainly in the XIX and partly in the XXth century, and the other imposed by the military dictatorship and who uses the market freedom and the market efficiency as justificatory devices. The republican theory argues in favor of a central role of the state in the design of a public, universal, obligatory and tuitionless educational system, understood as essential to the formation of citizens in common and to the construction of an egalitarian society. One can think of education, in this perspective, as a common property, a public good of which nobody can, in principle be excluded. To the market theory, education is conceived as a consumer good -or, in another version, as an investment- who means high rates of return to individual users and for that reason must be paid by them. From another perspective, a private system of education is justified in terms of the freedom to offer educational goods in the market, and the freedom to choose this goods by theconsumers. In Chile an educational system very similar to the republican one, has existed till 1973. This system has had a relatively peaceful coexistence with private education in all levels. In current discussions on education, this mixed system is considered a good thing. The paper argues that this coexistence is no more possible with the actual market model who seeks to exclude any other system, which is incompatible with a strong public system of high quality and who points therefore to the destatisation of all education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An initial answer to the question of the evolutionary path of the argumentative competence is offered. The hypothesis of collective intentionality and cooperation as structural features that allow to understand argumentation as a normative phenomenon is assumed. The paper concludes that argumentation was a product of selective pressure for the multiplication of alternative representations offered by a larger number of agents of the same or a different group. The evolutionary pressure selected the communication of good reasons by means of verbal conflict, and allowed the individual agent to generate a reputation that, in turn, profits her direct reproductive benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses some of the most central ideas of Hayek’s thought. In his book Mercado y sociedad. La utopía política de Friedrich Hayek, Jorge Vergara questions the theoretical status of Hayek’s system of ideas, underlines its utopian nature and in so doing goes beyond the current ideological and economic reception of this author. This supposed utopian character of Hayek’s thought discerned by Vergara, suggests certain symmetry with Marx, in as much as both thinkers share the same epistemic outlook. The conception of reason and the subject – a non- constituted reason together with an interacting, non-constituted subject -, and the decisive importance both assign to the market system, are main features of that shared outlook. I question though the extent to which this epistemic symmetry may be projected onto politics. In this respect there is a substantive difference between Hayekian and twentieth century utopian thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops several epistemological aspects of the standard Rational Choice Theory (hereafter RCT). The introduction presents some essential criteria of the RCT in a social and scientific context, where the RCT stands on an artificial formalization to support its validity. Then, the core elements of the RCT are briefly outlined. Subsequently, a historical perspective of the Western scientific tradition is given, in which the RCT locates, linking deeply to the idealist and rationalist epistemology. A critical review of the bounded rationality opposed to the TER and some elements of study in psychology applied to economics that contradict the assumptions of substantive rationality are also included. Finally, a review is made on the ambition of the RCT to be separated from any ethics, given his presumption of scientificity, turning herself into a powerful ethos in the field of economics, and hence, of politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding Transhumanism as a particular turn of contemporary reflection that maintains the current state of humanity is not the final but just a transitional one, which can and should be scientific and technologically enhanced, the bioethical and biopolitical implications of such situation will be examined in this paper. Here it will be explored the transhumanist ideas related to the indissoluble link that in modern times have been established between the development of technologies and politics and strategies of neoliberal governmentality. This is expected to pose a set of questions about the risks associated to the unsuspected modes of production, management and biopolitical control of subjectivity that may be allegedly linked to the transhumanist idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the thought of H. Arendt, totalitarianism readings on The Origins of Totalitarianism, can be read in parallel to his lectures on mass society, the labor and consumption in The Human Condition. We are interested in this paper show that it is convergent readings, which are linked to the evolution of the author and thought to retain some common issues notes as concern for the isolation, loneliness, rootlessness and the project of making human beings superfluous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to define some of the central ideas of the Benjaminian messianism and the readings on this topic, primarily, the debate between Giorgio Agamben and Jacques Derrida. Our hypothesis is that there would be two differentiable messianisms in the thought of Benjamin, where one of them corresponds to the idea of rupture of pure disruption, while the other would be anchored in the idea of crypt or weakness of the voices of the vanquished. Finally, we try to make a criticism of the need of a mediation illustrated than the logic of the revolutionary awakening involves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the notion of "citizenship" from a theoretical context showed by ecological problems, in order to face challenges posed by the alleged existence of an environmental anthropogenic devastation phenomenon that would be affecting our planet in nowadays. Some remarks about "environmental citizenship" are outlined, assuming the contemporary political philosophical point of view, since it extends the canonical concept of citizenship initially presented by Marshall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locke, as well as justifying a natural right to private property, also stresses that human beings do have a natural right to charity. My purpose in this paper is to defend the hypothesis that the right of charity postulated by Locke can be explained in terms of the presence of Christian-theological premises in his theory of property. In a monetized economy in which men are unequally industrious, the right to charity guaranties the fulfillment of the divine commandment of human preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the evolution of Adorno's concept of "natural history" (Naturgeschichte) for the formation of his own materialistic philosophy. Adorno's lecture polemicized against the conception of history dominant in contemporary philosophical schools as Heidegger's new ontology, and introduces an "ontological transformation of the philosophy of history". On the other hands, he develops the negative dialectical idea of natural history by way of reference to Lukács idea of second nature in The Theory of the Novel and Benjamins study of the baroque Trauerspiel, which had initiated the turn to a different, anti-idealistic form of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how Hegel understands the principle of contradiction. It is analysed, first, the way Aristotle understands this principle, emphasizing the so-called semantic and ontological readings. Then, it is analysed whether it is correct to argue that Hegel rejects this principle, holding here that, strictly speaking, this is not correct. To do this, we present a dialetheist reading of Hegelian logic, which allows to state that: i) Hegel does not accept trivialism and, from i), ii) is not feasible a full rejection of the principle of contradiction in the Hegelian logic. The so-called cognitive contextualism can dismiss some contradictions as mere parameterisations, but does not lead to the strong thesis that Hegel rejects the principle of contradiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the time is a matter of first importance in the philosophical investigation. Roman Ingarden, who was a distinguished disciple of Husserl, developed an interesting theory about temporally determined objects. In this paper are presented the fundamental elements of his theory and the difficulties implied in the Ingarden's intent to define time with independence of the subjectivity. Finally, it is argued that it is possible applying partially the concepts developed by Ingarden in order to progress in the analysis of the time, as it emerges in the own subjectivity, where exist an equilibrium of endurance and transience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slavoj Žižek, the Slovene philosopher whose writings, translated into many languages, are now read the world over, holds that his theoretical positions, particularly in politics, are based on Hegel's thought. In this paper we examine this relation to Hegel, namely, what aspects of Hegel's system, methods and concepts play a role in Žižek's books, how they are understood and dealt with, which are their main roles in Žižek's own thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we try to expose the fundamental ideas at the basis of Jorge Millas' axiology. First, we will expose synoptically the core of the legal philosophy that the Chilean thinker develops on his works on the subject, including his conception about philosophy in general (§1), and about legal science in particular (§2). Secondly, we will expose the epistemological suppositions of his legal philosophy (§3), and his consequent conception of law's essence (§4), the legal rule (§5) and its foundation, and the axiological theory that Millas develops on the basis of the distinction and relationship between "is" and "ought" (§6). We conclude with a critical analysis that pretends to expose the strengths and weaknesses of the legal theory of this Chilean author (§§ 7 and 8). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work argues the similarity of dialogical paper between Hans-Georg Gadamer and Plato as fundamental point of philosopher's activity and as a matter of disagreement into dialectic and ancient rhetoric, and between dialectic and contemporary hermeneutic. At the same time, analyzes the difference for expose uncritical role of the dialectic that characterizes the book Truth and Method and reaffirm expository function of texné in relation of dialogical situation between the lector and the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As note and prophecy of a coming thought,the opening sign of Emmanuel Lévinas' thought in 1935 consisted in the operation of a truly worldling epojé,which is implicitly decanted out of review of the old notion of evasion. This paper aims to make explicit the notion of wordling epoje,in order to disembowel the possible theoretical issues and directions that this concept may follow,thus establishing a non-worldlind starting point for the work of Lévinas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The First Person" is the paper where G. E. M. Anscombe supports the thesis that "I" is not a referring word. Mainly I deal with her argument against the indexical view of "I" from the scenario of the "A" user,who refers to himself as the person who is under the special observation of the "A" user. On the one hand,I put forward that a use of "A" might have a guaranteed reference in a semantic sense: a referential use of "A" as a definite description guarantees the one reference to oneself. On the other hand,the indexical view is left untouched: the reference of "A" is not fixed by the self-reference rule,and thus "I" and "A" are not indistinguishable referring words. Also I explore the idea that unlike "A","I" has a guaranteed reference in an epistemic sense,being immune to error through misidentification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aim to examine the different uses of the expression "filosofía latinoamericana". The porpousse of the study ist not to determinate if one of these uses ist right or wrong,but just to show that the expression "filosofía latinoamericana" has different uses and that these uses brings us to diferent philosophical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jorge Luis Borges often consulted Mathematics and Imagination, by E. Kasner and J. Newman, where set theory is addressed (the branch of mathematics that studies the relationship between sets). This theory was proposed by Georg Cantor (1845-1918) and by it transfinite arithmetic is established (beyond finite arithmetic) and an epistemic system is created to represent different levels of the infinite. This way Cantor labels the different levels of the infinite by assigning to each the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, the Aleph, followed by a number, depending on level of the infinite he is referring to (Aleph-zero, Aleph-one, etc.). Following these ideas, Borges weaves several narratives in which the infinite and the absolute are discussed. An example of such narratives is the collection of stories compiled under the title The Aleph, which opens with "The Immortal" and closes with the story that gives the collection its title. The objective of this paper is to study "The Immortal" under the Cantorian lens to discuss one particular absolute, the self, and to suggest that it is impossible to establish a final vocabulary, or a definite definition, about this topic. This impossibility, Borges proposes, is in part due to the apparent finitude of language while at the same time the fallible attributes of human memory also is crucial when it comes to defining anything. However, as the ironist Borges is, he is capable of providing through "The Immortal" a re-description of these issues by means of a transfinite language that resolves some paradoxes while at the same time reveals others. By this way of writing, I propose, Borges fosters the continuation of the dialogue among the different disciplines. Though I will center my analysis on "The Immortal", to develop these ideas I also revisit other stories contained in The Aleph departing from a theoretical approach rooted in the philosophy of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper seeks to expound the principal aspects of the husserlian theory of apodicticity, to present its dificulties and to offer a posible solution to its mains problems. In conection to the latter the directive idea that leads the followings considerations is that we must understand the apodicticity of the "I" in terms of the temporal synthesis, in particular, in the characteristics features of the living present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we show that some received contentions about causal pseudo processes (PSP), processes of which the most salient aspect seems to be travelling faster than the speed of light, must be rejected o seriously modified. Two of such contentions are, first, that PSPs should be considered just "spatiotemporal junk" and, second, that they do not meet, besides allowing us to isolate proper genuine causal processes, any other epistemic or methodological role in the description of a physical state of affair, in particular, in a special relativity (SR) setting. In order to do that, we are going to appeal to physical measure procedures, well known both in classic and relativistic physics. As a consequence of that, we contend that, once PSPs are integrated into the whole physical scenario, a fundamental and more complex role for them in experimental physics is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]