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This paper investigates the spatial spillover effects of built environment features on household car and motorcycle ownership through aggregate ward-level analysis and household-level disaggregated analysis. Using a primary data collected in Hubli-Dharwad city in Southern India, the paper estimates Spatial Durbin models to assess the direct and spillover effects of socio-economic characteristics (household income, the number of children and household size), built environment characteristics (population density, diversity, distance, and subjective built environment measures), travel attitudes (pro-car, pro-NMT and pro-public transport), and commute behavior (distance and time) on household car and motorcycle ownership. The paper finds that spatial dependencies exist in both aggregate and disaggregate levels of analysis. There is a significant spatial dependency in car ownership due to household income, household size, the number of children, and pro-car attitude, and the correlations are significant in both aggregate and disaggregate levels of analysis. The positive lag effects of these variables suggests that socio-economic settings and attitudes of neighboring wards affect car and motorcycle ownership in a ward. The effects of diversity on car and motorcycle ownership maintain similar correlations in both levels of analysis. The likelihood of motorcycle ownership increases with improvements in diversity, while car ownership likelihood decreases. The study also shows that the spatial effects of built environment features could vary between the aggregate and disaggregate levels of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined driving behavior, vehicle operational performance, and exhaust emissions data at a roundabout level. The relative positive acceleration, power demand, speed, acceleration, vehicular jerk, Vehicle Specific Power modes, mass carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions were evaluated by roundabout type (single-lane, compact two-lane, and multi-lane) and sub-segment (downstream, circulating area, and upstream). Real-world vehicle tailpipe emissions, internally observable variables, dynamic and location data were measured along six conventional roundabouts in Portugal (1 Hz resolution). Although the multilane roundabout yielded the lowest amounts of carbon dioxide, it resulted in highly volatile behaviors based on vehicular jerk thresholds. The emission hotspots were found downstream roundabouts while drivers tend to adopt highly volatile behaviors close to the circulatory roadway. This paper brings valuable knowledge to researchers and transportation practitioners, who are involved in intersection design and control strategies, about the impacts of roundabout design and location based on several criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how political-institutional factors influence the transition towards automated vehicles (AVs) in New Zealand (NZ). Using the lens of 'mobilities paradigm' and analysing policy documents along with interviews data from government officials, the findings reveal the complexity of governing AVs transition due to fragmented responsibility, contested visions, and high interdependency across government agencies. The findings suggest that strong political leadership coupled with infrastructure investments and building regulators' capability are important catalysts of change towards AVs transition in NZ. The paper concludes that the complex governance environment, and the central government action and inaction to set priority for the AVs agenda, may hinder or facilitate a smooth transition towards AVs in NZ. This paper contributes to the mobilities paradigm by enriching our understanding of the political-institutional challenges associated with the emergence of AVs and offers illuminating policy guidance to better inform decision-making around governing the future transition towards AVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a reply to the recently published paper Road markings and microplastics- A critical literature review. In our opinion, that paper presented a deceptive picture, of why we found it necessary to write a short reply where we comment on two major flaws: the stated lack of road markings in environmental samples, and the definition of microplastics. We discuss possible reasons for the absence of positive findings in environmental samples and relate that to two of the major issues within the research area of microplastics- the complexity of environmental samples and the analytical difficulties. We also argue that it can be relevant for upcoming studies to report both total microplastic concentration and polymer content to facilitate the comparison between studies since the definition of microplastics might change over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vessel train in ocean shipping offers environmental and economic benefits. • Multi-scenario analysis reveals diverse applications of vessel train. • Case study from Yangshan Port to Port of Piraeus showcases the potentials of vessel train. • Sensitivity analysis emphasizes dependence of vessel train on shipping productivity. This paper introduces the concept of vessel train, a new mode in maritime transport offering both environmental and economic advantages. The study provides a framework for analyzing the economic feasibility of vessel train in ocean shipping, focusing on four different scenarios to evaluate its impact on navigation speed and productivity for both round-trip and year-long operations. Using the container ship route from Yangshan Port to the Port of Piraeus as a case study, the research compares vessel train with traditional shipping methods by categorizing shipping costs. It also includes a sensitivity analysis considering factors like route length, frictional resistance reduction, and variations in the container freight index, fuel prices, and carbon tax rates. The findings indicate that vessel train can reduce transportation costs and fuel emissions. The paper concludes that vessel train could significantly contribute to a competitive and sustainable future in shipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freight curbside management has become a contentious issue as various stakeholders claim access to public urban space. Although prior research has offered solutions to mitigate freight-related conflicts in the use of space, a deeper understanding of the extent to which those interventions contribute to cities' sustainable development goals is needed. This paper presents the results of a meta -analysis that examines the effects of four freight curbside interventions: curbside space allocation for freight, data sharing, parking duration limits, and enforcement. The paper pinpoints benefits and drawbacks of those interventions on last-mile deliveries, the urban environment, and the use of public transport infrastructure. The findings suggest positive impacts and underscore the necessity of incorporating people-centred approaches in the design, implementation, and evaluation of policies concerning public space. Nevertheless, trade-offs when implementing those interventions have been identified. The paper concludes by outlining directions for future research and suggesting implications for urban freight policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports new insights into how the selection of route based characteristic parameters can influence the predicted energy consumption for next generation battery electric buses. 24 characteristic parameters have been studied to understand their relative importance on vehicle energy consumption and to develop new data-driven prediction models. The parameters are grouped into two scenarios, representative of the varying levels of route information available to a typical bus operator. A combination of feature selection methods was used to determine which characteristic parameters had the greatest influence on energy consumption. Regression based prediction models were developed, and models were then validated using standard and real vehicle drive cycles. The prediction models had a mean absolute percentage difference of 2.10–10.67%. This paper presents a novel methodology to estimate energy consumption of operating zero emission vehicles, which will support public transport operators, policy makers and energy suppliers in the decarbonisation of public transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric ships are becoming a promising way in shipping decarbonization. Nevertheless, the promotion of electric ships encounters obstacles related to indirect emissions, energy and costs. This paper proposes the Shipping Emission-Energy-Economic Impact Assessment Model (SE3IAM) to assess the decarbonization potential of electric ships. China is selected for the case study. This paper also analyzes the impact of climate policies and other factors on CO 2 emissions. Results indicate that as the market share of electric ships gradually reaches 1%, 20%, and 35% by 2050, accompanied by advancements in other technological aspects, the total emissions to 2050 are estimated to be around 2, 1.5, and 1 billion tons, respectively. There is a positive correlation between energy demand and decarbonization costs with the level of economic development. Technological progress can alleviate pressures on energy and costs. It is recommended to advance decarbonization at a fundamental level by enhancing energy efficiency and fostering electrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a coordinated electric bus (EB) charging scheduling approach for hybrid charging stations that support plug-in charging and battery-swapping simultaneously. To minimize the total charging cost under time-of-use electricity prices, both a deterministic optimization (DO) model and a robust optimization (RO) model are developed to design the EBs' charging schedule. In the deterministic model, the remaining capacity upon arrival at the station is assumed to be known. However, in practice, the remaining capacity of the EB is typically uncertain due to unpredictable traffic conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes an RO model to address this uncertainty, utilizing a budgeted uncertainty set and developing the affinely adjustable robust counterpart. The duality theorem is employed to convert the RO model into a computationally tractable formulation. The proposed approach is illustrated with two numerical examples, including a random instance and a real-world case study of Nanjingnan Station in Nanjing, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric conditions have non-negligible impacts on middle-school student travel. This paper aims to compare and explore the effect of atmospheric conditions on middle-school students' travel mode choices in Beijing based on generalized additive mixed models (GAMM). Many atmospheric conditions, including temperature, humidity, and air pollutants, were found to have significant nonlinear effects on middle-school students' travel mode choices, which vary by variables. For example, the increase in the lowest temperature motivates middle-school students to choose active travel modes and cars. Humidity exceeding 50% is negatively correlated with the percentage of students walking. Increased PM 2.5 concentration benefits the percentage of bike use but negatively affects public transport use. Moreover, O 3 concentration has a V-shaped effect on walking and car use, which is the opposite of bike and public transport. These findings advance the understanding of effects of atmospheric conditions on middle-school students' travel behavior and provide references for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimizing the detrimental effects of road transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on climate change and global warming requires accurate emission forecasting. To forecast greenhouse gas emissions from industrial and civilian transportation on roads in China, we present new approaches that use data extraction and managed machine learning methods for regression and identification. Four methods are examined: decision tree, multinomial logistic regression, multivariate linear regression, and artificial neural network (ANN) multiple-layer perceptron. The findings suggest that the multiple-layer perceptron approach of ANN has superior prediction accuracy compared to other models. Ensemble modelling techniques, such as Bagging and Boosting, significantly improved the predictive performance of the developed multilayer perceptron system. The paper's conclusions are significant for transport policymakers, regulators, and international organizations in mitigating GHG emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood hazards can affect road networks by closing roads, extending travel distances and lengthening travel times. This paper innovatively integrates flood hazard, road network topology and vehicle vulnerability via a severity factor to assess the accessibility of exposed links and the performance of the whole network. The overall network functionality loss under different flood return periods is assessed by evaluating the functionality of each network link for cars and SUVs. The most vulnerable links are identified and used to assess the performance of the entire network using topology-based metrics such as average shortest paths and isochrones. The case study of Bristol (UK) is investigated. It is demonstrated that network status is a function of vehicle typology, with SUVs exhibiting naturally stronger resistance to flood than cars. This finding can support preparedness strategies of road networks in the face of future flood events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse logistics plays a critical role in sustainable development and circular economy by transforming waste into value. However, transporting large volumes of waste and recyclables generates significant carbon emissions. This paper explores an industry-led strategy for charging infrastructure development, which integrates the reverse logistics network designs with a network of charging stations to promote electric trucks (E-trucks) adoption and reduce carbon footprints in transportation. Our model optimizes operational costs while ensuring accessibility to charging infrastructure. A case study in Norway demonstrates that, despite higher operating costs due to additional charging stations, the adoption of E-trucks can decrease total reverse logistics costs by 0.18%—2.37% and cut carbon emissions by 16.3%—17.6%. These findings support the economic viability and environmental benefits of this strategy for advancing sustainable practices in transportation, and it further highlights the interdependencies between logistics network design and charging infrastructure planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through cross-sectional analysis, studies on transport-induced gentrification often interpret the phenomenon as an outcome instead of recognizing it as a set of intertwined processes. Consequently, limited insights are provided about the mechanisms underlying gentrification, which manifests gradually over the long-term interactions between transportation and urban development, primally driven by accessibility improvements. The absence of descriptive efforts poses a challenge for policymakers to predict or identify gentrification occurrence, besides inducing biased outcomes in investigations. This paper aims to provide researchers and policymakers with a conceptual framework of transport-induced gentrification, systematising explanations of space production and consumption in Latin-American metropolises. Firstly, we have undergone a theoretical review on land-use and transport interactions to develop an a priori conceptual framework. Subsequently, we applied a systematic literature review on empirical studies of Latin-American gentrification to incorporate some particularities into the framework, representing the phenomenon as an urban conflict generated in and through accessibility improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air travel contributes a substantial share of global greenhouse gas emissions and is projected to rise. To reduce emissions, airlines and policymakers must understand consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions. Several studies have been conducted for this purpose, with considerable variation in reported WTP values. This paper undertakes a meta-analysis and qualitative review to better understand the key factors influencing WTP drawn from 31 primary studies. A major finding is that WTP could be more than double for a credible offsetting scheme compared to one lacking credibility. Additionally, framing the offset as "per flight" rather than "per tonne CO 2 " increases WTP, while there appears to be no differential impact of a voluntary versus mandatory schemes. As expected, WTP increases in income, education, and pro-environmental attitudes. The results yield important insights for the design of effective carbon offsetting schemes, thereby enhancing sustainability of aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The failure of BEVs to provide long ranges in short charging times is a barrier to their adoption. • It can be overcome if consumers are willing to trade off range for charging infrastructure. • We use meta-regression to analyse the trade-offs individuals are willing to make. • Consumers are willing to accept compensations, but only if ranges are higher than 250–300 km. • This shows that an important technical barrier can be overcome with infrastructure investments. The failure of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to provide sufficiently long ranges in a relatively short charging time (as compared with conventional vehicles) is one of the main technical barriers to consumers' adoption of these vehicles. However, this technical barrier could be mitigated if consumers were willing to trade-off lower ranges with better charging infrastructure. This paper analyses trade-offs individuals are willing to make between range and en-route charging station availability when considering the purchase of BEVs. By means of a meta-regression analysis of 33 stated preference studies, we find that consumers are willing to accept compensations for lower ranges in form of more dense charging infrastructure in their BEV purchase decision, but only when BEV ranges are longer than 250–300 km. This result is very relevant to promote the transition to BEVs because it shows that, in some circumstances, a significant technical barrier can be overcome with infrastructure investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Climate change concern can contribute to reduced car use and sustainable mobility. • Those worried about climate change were more willing to live without a car. • Relationship between climate change concern and car use differs based on type of car. • Worry about climate change was strongly related to lower use of a conventional car. • Worry about climate change was unrelated to the use of an electric car. Climate change concern has been linked to climate-friendly behavior, but little is known on whether and how it may promote sustainable mobility. This paper investigates how worry about climate change relates to attitudes and intentions towards the car as well as the actual use of conventional and electric cars in Oslo and Viken in Norway. Findings indicate a relationship between worry about climate change and reduced car use, mediated by mode preferences and willingness to live car-free. Those concerned about climate change were less likely to commute by a conventional car and used conventional cars less both on weekdays and weekends. Worry about climate change was also related to living in a denser neighborhood, preference for travel modes other than the car, and willingness to live car-free. Raising greater awareness of climate change could contribute to climate change mitigation by promoting car-reduced or car-free lifestyles and sustainable mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates decarbonization alternatives for the freight rail industry, considering economic, environmental, and operational aspects. The study compares battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell locomotives, drop-in fuels including biofuels and e-fuels, and overhead catenary electrification through abatement cost analyses. Scenario analysis identifies the cost-effectiveness of each of the technologies at different stages of decarbonization in the US Class 1 freight railroad network. We show that though battery locomotives offer a lower-cost decarbonization option in the considered scenarios, green hydrogen fuel-powered locomotives become more attractive when battery charging delays are considered. We introduce the concept of the technology margin to cater for uncertainties in battery charging operations and hydrogen fuel production for cases where carbon taxes are imposed on railroad operations. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and rail operators, contributing to sustainable freight rail operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to airborne pollution has substantial adverse health consequences. Governments around the world have paid attention to this problem and started to take action to mitigate its harmful effects. In this paper, we investigate how a change in the consumption tax structure affects car emissions by exploiting exogenous variation from a natural experiment that took place in China. Our results show that this tax policy, which doubled the imposition paid on cars with large engines, reduced the emissions of all the pollutants studied, with the most significant decrease of 11% noted in Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide. These results have strong policy implications. By showing the effectiveness of this policy, we uncover the possible benefits of replicating it in different contexts. Further, by using information from COPERT, a totally new approach to evaluate tax and environmental policies, we propose new tools for policymakers to generate rich and detailed data that can be used in different contexts to evaluate policies where data from the population of automobiles is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catenary trucks (CT) are part of electric road systems (ERS) and allow charging while driving, i.e. dynamic charging. ERS can contribute to the decarbonization of heavy road transport, as direct electric concepts have the best climate balance compared to alternative technologies. Catenary systems are being tested in real operation in Germany. In this paper, we analyze the perceived legitimacy and social acceptance of CT systems in German society. To answer the research question, we look at industry actors, the general population, and local residents of a field test and combine different qualitative methods in an innovative multi-method approach. We find that both the legitimacy and the acceptance of the technology are poor in Germany, i.e., structural and behavioral factors need to be changed to accommodate the technology. While manufacturers were primarily concerned with efficiency and costs, local citizens were concerned with traffic impact and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online retail is characterized by an increasing emphasis on shorter delivery times, which often comes with high logistics costs and a negative environmental impact. Conversely, longer order fulfillment times improve cost and eco-efficiency. This paper investigates whether customers in German-speaking countries are willing to wait longer for their online orders in the fashion, shoes, and accessories sector when offered incentives in return. The research employed an online survey using a within-subjects design. Results indicate that incentives significantly extend customers' patience. Savings on shipping costs and information on the reduction in CO 2 emissions greatly impact willingness to wait. Personal traits like gender, age, eco-awareness, and order urgency affect incentive responses. This demonstrates customers' readiness to make trade-offs in delivery time and emphasizes the importance of explicitly addressing the ecological impact of delivery. Suggestions for online retailers and logistics include slower delivery choices and customized incentives aligned with target audience and market. • Empirical study on online fashion customers' willingness to accept slower delivery. • Economic and ecological incentives significantly increase willingness to wait. • Responses vary by age, gender, environmental awareness and urgency of orders. • Practical recommendations to expand the range of delivery options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Assessment of ship emission performance under diverse decarbonization measures. • Technical options reduce more carbon and air pollutant emissions than operational. • Trade-offs between air pollutant reduction and decarbonization strategies. • Contribution in policies for reducing both carbon emissions and air pollutants. Shipping emits Greenhouse Gases (GHG), contributing to climate change and various air pollutants, posing risks on human health. To address GHG, maritime has responded with increasingly stringent legislations, including recent commitments to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Substantial investments have been made in cutting-edge technologies, alternative fuels and operational strategies ensuring emissions regulations compliance. This paper aims to quantitatively evaluate the emission performance of diverse decarbonization options, focusing on assessing their potential to mitigate GHG and addressing air pollutants. Our analysis utilizes a new set of load-dependent Emission Factors and employs Automatic Identification System data for 5 ship classes. While operational measures moderately reduce emissions, fuel shift to alternatives and on-board carbon capture and storage offer a more promising pathway towards decarbonization and air pollutants reduction. The outcomes intend to provide insights into the effectiveness of measures in reducing external costs, while serving as a valuable resource for regulatory authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] To overcome the challenge transport presents to net zero, the Scottish Government has proposed a series of interventions to significantly reduce transport emissions and car kilometres travelled. This paper develops, validates and applies a system dynamics model of the Scottish road passenger transport sector to interrogate key proposed interventions up to 2030: namely, modal shifting sub-10 km car journeys to active travel, modal shifting medium-length car journeys to buses, achieving a majority electrification of the bus fleet, and replacing 50 % of petrol/diesel cars with electric vehicles. Results indicate government targets can be met, but only as a result of multiple interventions. Modal shifting of medium-length car journeys and private car electrification are predicted to be the most effective interventions for emissions reduction, although these measures alone do not attain reduction targets. Results further indicate that realising the reduction in car kilometres does not guarantee the emissions target will also be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied the motivations, constraints, negotiations, and policy changes for riding transit to parks in Utah's Wasatch Front region, exploring how these factors vary between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged individuals. This is one of the first studies to explore transit-to-parks experiences in large urban regions. We conducted interviews with 25 diverse transit riders. Motivations for riding transit to parks included environmental concerns and the convenience of avoiding parking and traffic. Constraints involved excessive travel time due to limited service, transit frequency and reliability issues, and last-mile connection issues. The main negotiation strategy was to plan trips to limit travel time. People in low-income neighborhoods had limited transit-to-parks services, and available services were adequate for fit and non-disabled people. Policy changes that would help participants address constraints included new or modified routes, improved last-mile connections, information and marketing campaigns, and better service for low-income communities and people with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Developing a novel framework for appraising shared electric micro-mobility hubs in Dublin. • Employing DEA and negative binomial regression and using six months of real-world data. • Proposing an e-bike sharing scalability measure using returns-to-scale analysis. • Assessing eco-efficiency based on trip and user characteristics and emission offset. • High scalability suggests system's expansion and improving infrastructure can boost performance. In car-dominated urban areas, shared electric micro-mobility offers a sustainable alternative to decarbonise and reshape mobility paradigms. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for evaluating Dublin's e-bike sharing system, comprising 12 stations (eHUBs). Using six months of real-world riding data, it employs data envelopment analysis to assess the eco-efficiency of each eHUB in utilising nearby infrastructure, population in the catchment area, and location to achieve desired economic, social, and environmental outputs. Results indicate an upward trajectory for the system's eco-efficiency. The returns-to-scale analysis provides insights into the system's scalability, suggesting that expanding the e-bike sharing system, along with infrastructural enhancements, would significantly increase ridership. Analysing decarbonisation, usage patterns, and spatial factors of eHUBs reveals the substantial potential of shared e-bikes if optimally used. The research highlights the need to reevaluate car-centric policies in favour of more inclusive and environmentally sustainable alternatives and proposes actionable policy recommendations to achieve this transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper forecasts the growth of freight transport emissions in India's trucking sector until 2050. We use the ARIMAX time series model to project the commercial vehicle population under various economic growth scenarios. CO 2 emissions are estimated using emission factors, distance traveled, and the projected commercial vehicle population. We use the validated forecasting model to investigate how emissions can be curbed through vehicle scrappage policies or fleet electrification to realign with the 2015 Paris Agreement's targets. Compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, 10-year and 15-year vehicle scrappage policies are estimated to reduce freight emissions by 6–11% and 1–2%, respectively. Fleet electrification has more pronounced effects as it results in a 35% and 70% reduction in carbon emissions for heavy and light goods vehicles in 2050, respectively, compared to the BAU scenario. These findings provide crucial insights for devising policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in India's trucking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme weather, especially typhoons, frequently impacts port operations, causing substantial economic losses. Thus, it has become vital to quantitatively evaluate the resilience of ports to typhoon disasters. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the current evaluation methods used in assessing the resilience of ports and develops a quantitative port typhoon resilience assessment model based on the 4R (i.e., Reliability, Redundancy, Robustness, and Recoverability) framework. Ports' overall resilience to typhoon disasters can be assessed by integrating the analytic hierarchy process method, fuzzy logic, and the evidence reasoning approach. Four representative coastal ports in China were selected as case studies to examine the suitability and efficacy of the suggested model. This study provides innovative theoretical insights and empirical evidence to advance port resilience research, with a valuable reference for port administrators and policymakers, equipping them to address forthcoming challenges of climate change efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic oscillation, a traffic phenomenon that generates many carbon emissions, originates from the amplification of traffic disturbance. The connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology may help to weaken oscillations and reduce carbon emissions from mixed traffic. This paper explores the effects of various characteristics of disturbances and mixed platoons on CO 2 emissions under different disturbance types. The results indicate that the addition of even only one CAV reduces carbon emissions under some disturbances. The disturbance types that make mixed traffic increase carbon emissions have also been identified. Diverse disturbance characteristics play different essential roles in ecological impacts of CAVs. The platoon characteristics such as CAV's position in a platoon and the heterogeneity of human factors, affect the extent of carbon emission reduction. Based on these findings, this paper proposes optimization recommendations for CAV cooperative eco-driving and green traffic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Application of solar energy according to land use/land cover map. • Electrification of transportation sectors based on local renewable energies. • Comparison of conversion and storage efficiencies of different energy forms in transportation. • Reducing transportation and urban environmental impacts. • Multi-criteria decision-making of sustainable transportation based on sustainable development pillars. The main aim of this paper is the decarbonization of the transportation sector in Tabriz City regarding sustainable development aims and beyond-2-degrees-scenario by focusing on electric vehicles, as well as on appropriate infrastructures. Quantitative and simulation research methods are used to analysis of total energy, exergy, and losses analysis according to different resources and vehicles. Next, the solar potential of the city is simulated using the Grasshopper plug-in-Rhino simulator and PVsyst software. A LULC analysis has been done using ArcMap 10.8. With renewable electrification, energy consumption will plunge from 15.5 TWh input-energy content of different carbon-based resources to 3.7 TWh with 0.17 MtonCO 2 /year instead of 2.13 MtonCO 2 /year emissions. In this paper, the overall system efficiency of electric vehicles is around 55% which is significantly higher than internal combustion engines. Fully electrification of the transportation systems based on renewable resources mitigates CO 2 emissions of internal combustion engines 15 times, besides reducing the emissionsa variety of harmful pollutants. In terms of multi-criteria decision-making, the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution was used to rank 50 popular vehicles according to interconnected sustainable development criteria. This paper highlights that conventional internal combustion engines can be replaced by electric vehicles by applying combination of appropriate taxes, tariffs, and incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the past research on public attitudes or choices on electric vehicles (EVs) have used user survey data (i.e., at a microscopic level). This paper adopts a multi-method approach to conduct a data-driven exploration of public sentiment evolution using a public tweet database spread across the last decade (2012–2022) (i.e., at a macroscopic level). Data mining from Twitter has enabled this research to obtain a rich alternative source of public sentiments on EVs. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques were then used to analyse the evolution in sentiments and reveal the underlying patterns in the discourse on EVs. Results and discussions in this paper categorise the shifts in public opinion and recognise critical linkages of economic summits or global events to sentiment changes. The research outcomes are expected to offer a strategic vantage point on the evolution of public discourse related to EV adoption and assist in designing better transportation electrification policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper examines shipping liners' bunkering choices under IMO 2020 regulations. • A two-stage, multi-method framework combines game theory with optimization. • The game model proposed accounts for fluctuating fuel prices among competing ports. • The study explores the impact of uncertain fuel prices on bunkering port decisions. • Findings are presented for bunkering decisions on the Atlantic Pacific Express route. This paper addresses the shipping liner's bunkering problem in response to International Maritime Organization's low-Sulphur fuel regulations, commonly known as IMO 2020. To minimize bunkering and inventory costs while adopting a slow steaming strategy on the sailing route, we propose a two-stage analytical framework that integrates a game-theoretic model with an optimization model. The framework also considers the uncertainty surrounding low-Sulphur and high-Sulphur fuel oil prices in the port of call decision. Our experimental results demonstrate that, when the prices of low-Sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) and high-Sulphur fuel oil (HFO) increase by 40%, the total cost and bunkering cost increase by 3.88% and 4.77%, respectively. Conversely, a 10% decrease in fuel prices leads to a substantial 9.79% and 10.27% drop in total cost and bunkering cost, respectively. Additionally, the experiments consider the mandatory requirement of LSFO, making the results highly relevant and informative for the liner shipping industry. Moreover, this study provides a comprehensive and insightful approach to address the bunkering problem, facilitating the compliance of the IMO 2020 regulations while minimizing costs for shipping liners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Framework for optimising sustainability, resilience, and cost (SRC) metrics is described and applied. • Traditional and low-carbon restoration strategies are compared on a bridge. • Fragility and restoration models are employed toward actionable SRC metrics. • Practical starting point for evaluating climate projections in adaptation strategies. Climate change exacerbates natural hazards and continuously challenges the performance of critical infrastructure. Thus, climate resilience and sustainable adaptation of infrastructure are of paramount importance. This paper puts forward a novel framework and metrics for optimising sustainability (Greenhouse Gas emissions - GHG), climate resilience (restoration time), and cost. The framework aims to facilitate decision-making by operators and stakeholders and communicate actionable trade-offs between these principles. It describes approaches for quantifying ex-ante adaptation and ex-post recovery from the lenses of sustainability and resilience using relevant metrics. This paper concludes with an application of the framework on a bridge, where normalised metrics are integrated into one unique index (I SRC), which can be used in the recovery prioritisation for portfolios of similar assets. The optimisation program includes a bridge recovery, while reducing GHG emissions. The impact of climate change on the sustainability and resilience indexes is examined and the results show how the optimum solutions are adversely affected by different climate projections. In all scenarios examined, more sustainable solutions leading to reduced GHG emissions (tCO2e) are the optimum solutions when weighing resilience and cost. Based on the case study analysed in this paper, the low carbon restoration strategy resulted in up to 50% higher I SRC , which can justify investments for low GHG adaptation strategies in transport assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban transportation is a significant contributor to energy consumption and environmental degradation, while solar electric bikes (SE-bikes) represent a viable solution for alleviating both problems. In this paper, the charging and discharging properties of the SE-bike are investigated. An SE-bike is constructed for short and long term experiments. Experimental results indicate that the SE-bike can increase endurance by 20.5 km on a sunny day, and can meet daily cycling needs of 10 km without charging in both summer and autumn in Hefei. To assess the annual performance of the SE-bike, a theoretical model is developed, which includes the effects of environmental factors, vehicle shapes, daily electricity usage, etc. Simulation results reveal that the SE-bike only needs to be charged 5 times per year to meet daily demands in Hefei, which is a relative reduction of 93.0 % compared to 71 times per year for the regular bike without solar power supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First stated preference study on electric outboard engines adoption for water taxis. • Novel and replicable methodology, combining choice experiments with focus groups. • Taxi owners prefer small electric systems with similar power to combustion engines. • Collective preferences for charging infrastructure are specific to local context. • Study yields direct insights for policy design to decarbonize water taxi sector. This paper investigates individual and collective preferences of water taxi owners regarding electric outboard engines and batteries in the Galápagos Islands. The study addresses a gap in the literature on clean maritime transportation and deploys a novel mixed-method approach, using qualitative methods to complement discrete choice experiments. Results from mixed logit models and focus groups reveal a preference for smaller, lighter electric systems that can both provide similar speed and power to internal combustion counterparts while avoiding economic loss or excessive costs to service providers. Water taxi owners on different islands arrived at different collective preferences for charging infrastructure, thus illustrating the relevance of local context, and the importance of the participation of local actors in the successful design of systems and strategies facilitating maritime transport decarbonization. Additionally, identified instruments to reduce uncertainties and proposed subsidies offer practical considerations for accelerating the transition from internal combustion engines to electric propulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analyze the spatiotemporal variation of shared autonomous vehicle demand. • Consider demand uncertainty in mode choice and departure time choice. • Establish a two-stage joint optimization with the travel price and allowance. Shared Autonomous Vehicle (SAV) is an emerging travel mode that can reduce parking spaces and accelerate urban sprawl. The time–space varying demand leads to the imbalance between travel demand and vehicle supply. Using pricing to affect clients' mode choice is a key method for addressing the imbalance problem, which includes long-term pricing and short-term allowance. Hence, in this paper, we propose an innovative method to enhance the SAV utilization rate while considering stochastic demand: fixed price on population mode choice and real-time allowance on personal departure time choice. A mixed integer nonlinear program is formulated to maximize the total profits of SAV operators. To solve this model, a customized gradient search algorithm is proposed. A case study is conducted in Suzhou Industrial Park, China. It reveals the impacts on travel demand and departure time choices and discusses the impacts and policy-making for SAV applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the liner shipping resilience under high marine environmental requirements is essential in routine operations. However, operations are often affected by unforced events, which cause the occurrence of disruptions. Therefore, disruption recovery is essential in enhancing liner operations' resilience with emission control area policies. This paper focuses on the liner disruption recovery problem, allowing a mode of different fuel types and sailing speeds inside and outside emission control areas. An improved solution performance model based on a redundancy-reduced time–space network is proposed. Numerical studies based on a real route show that the mode can realize a lower-cost recovery of the liner shipping schedule. Meanwhile, the fuel cost inside ECA is reduced by at least 4.81%. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of emission control area boundary changes on disruption recovery, providing decision support for emission control area regulators' policy-making. The research improves maritime transportation resilience under high environmental requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) framework has the potential to induce changes in individual travel behavior towards more sustainable transportation alternatives by integrating multimodal travel services. However, insights into the behavioral responses of specific groups of people to MaaS, thus promoting green travel, are currently lacking. This paper intends to investigate the intergroup heterogeneous preferences on the choice of MaaS bundles and evaluate their contributions to eco-friendly travel. A stated choice experiment is designed, incorporating personalized MaaS service bundles complemented by different green travel-oriented ticketing strategies. The experiment caters to different groups of users related to public transport, cars, and other modes of transport. The results indicate a substantial improvement in the goodness-of-fit of the behavioral model after user classification, revealing significant heterogeneity in preferences among users regarding MaaS bundle choices. Notably, the impact of sub-tickets on nudging toward green transportation is more pronounced than that of monthly and discount tickets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper disentangles the impact of critical water levels on container cargo transported along the Rhine River. It analyzes monthly throughput and all instances where navigability was constrained due to low or high water levels between 2000 and 2022, employing a time series econometric model. The study considers water level conditions at critical locations between economic centers while controlling for confounding effects. Our findings reveal an average monthly impact of -0.2% per day of disruption and -5.9% when the disruption remained for more than 24 days. Notably, vulnerability to critical conditions has doubled since 2018 and exhibits spatial variation. The most pronounced disturbances and their lagged effects are associated with localized low water level incidents. We show that enhancing the resilience of inland waterways to climate change is essential to avert potential losses in container throughput, estimated to range between 7% and 20% annual average by 2050. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are the primary natural disaster causing port disruptions, yet their impacts on global maritime transport remain largely unknown. This paper develops a framework to assess the resilience of global liner shipping network (GLSN) to TCs, focusing on path redundancy. The framework considers both direct and indirect impacts of port disruptions on GLSN performance in TC scenarios. We demonstrate this framework through case studies under historical and stress-test TC scenarios in the Western North Pacific region. Results show that the GLSN can be quite resilient in typical or mild-stress scenarios, but the increasing decline in its resilience under higher stress levels signals significant risks when facing with extreme scenarios. Those least resilient countries under mild stress turn out to be the same countries exhibiting least resilience under severe stress, most of which are SIDS countries. This research has implications for the design of resilient maritime transport networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation resilience is a multifaceted construct, including technical, socioeconomic, and geospatial factors. Developing effective plans demands evaluation of all resilience aspects across two major resilience dimensions: robustness and rapidity. Quantitative evaluation and monitoring of resilience aspects provides a thorough understanding of changes in transportation resilience over time. This paper proposes a resilience index framework to quantitively measure the road transportation systems' resilience to wind and water-related hazards in coastal areas. The framework streamlines abundant information derived from various resilience factors in a hierarchical structure and allows transportation planners to analyze changes in system resilience and identify corresponding root causes. Case study results indicate that the framework can effectively capture and track progress/deterioration in various resilience aspects and enhance our understanding of multidimensional transportation resilience. Transportation planners can utilize the developed index to set resilience goals, monitor progress toward goals, and prioritize projects to address the root causes of resilience deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• • Cost efficiency analysis of vehicle technologies for semi-flexible transit. • • Total system cost estimated includes operator, user, and environmental costs. • • Diesel and battery-electric vehicle technology evaluated for three vehicle sizes. • • Optimal values of service headway and slack time are identified. • • Analysed sensitivity to charging speed, demand, and battery capacity. In low-demand areas, semi-flexible transit system (SFT) operated by battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can reduce operational costs and achieve zero emissions, allowing SFT to be used more widely, and transit agencies to benefit more significantly. This paper is aimed at analyzing the effect of the additional requirements of BEVs on the cost efficiency of SFT services while considering different headways and slack time to accommodate route-deviation. Analytical models are used for detailed estimation of the total cost, including operator, user, and environmental costs, allowing a comparison with internal combustion engine (ICEV) vehicle technology, and three vehicle sizes: minivans, standard vans, and minibuses. Study results can be used to evaluate budget requirements to upgrade an existing ICEV based standard bus service along an underperforming low demand route to a BEV based SFT service. The application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for a low-demand bus route in Regina, Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of dry ports has reshaped the international freight shipping market, introducing both competition pressure (i.e., the common hinterland) and cooperation opportunities (sea-rail intermodal) for seaports. This is more evident in China with the development of the China Railway Express. Unlike dry ports, seaports are more vulnerable to climate change-related disasters, calling for investment in adaptation measures. This paper examines how co-opetition with the dry port affects seaport adaptation investment using a two-stage game-theoretical economic model. Results indicate that cooperation leads to more seaport adaptation investment, while competition results in reduced investment. When compared to the social optimal level of adaptation investment, the seaport tends to under-invest (over-invest) when the cooperation (competition) market size is larger. We also analyze how government subsidies in the seaport's adaptation help achieve optimal social adaptation and how the Knightian uncertainty of the disaster occurrence affects seaport adaptation investments. The relevant policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the operating costs of first-generation electric-powered aircraft with those of their conventional counterparts. We develop a cost model that incorporates both fixed and variable costs to evaluate the cost convenience of operating short-haul routes with electric aircraft. We find that first-generation electric aircraft have higher operating costs than conventional aircraft. However, reductions in aircraft price, maintenance requirements, and battery replacement costs, due to the consolidation of this technology, could soon make it convenient to deploy 19-seat electric aircraft on regional routes. Conversely, the most promising prospects for larger regional aircraft are anticipated in the medium-term with the advent of second-generation electric aircraft featuring significant technological enhancements. Substitution to electric aircraft is expected to have a limited contribution to aviation emissions reduction in the short-term – approximately 0.1% of emissions from intra-European flights – but this could increase substantially following upgrades in electric-powered aircraft technology expected in the medium-to-long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport is in need of innovation to reach the goals set for social and, more importantly, environmental sustainability. However, in transport, innovation rarely goes from pilot to large-scale implementation, as various barriers create blocking mechanisms to implementation. This paper focuses on the technology of geofencing in transport management, with the aim to contribute to the understanding of actors' perceptions of drivers and barriers to the technology and how these perceptions impact its implementation. A qualitative approach, based on 34 interviews, helped identify drivers and barriers to geofencing, with the focus on Sweden. The drivers and barriers were then analyzed at different institutional levels (macro, meso, and micro). Drivers could be identified for actors at all levels, indicating that geofencing can contribute to transport sustainability. However, there are also barriers at all levels that hinder implementation. Closer collaboration is necessary to reduce knowledge gaps, develop policies, and establish viable business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs) pose a significant challenge in meeting emissions reduction targets. However, studies on estimating emissions from Irish HDV fleet are rare. This paper estimates fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions from tractor-trailers that occupy nearly half of Ireland's HDV fleet using the European Commission recommended VECTO tool. To improve the estimation accuracy, driving cycles specific to Irish road conditions were developed utilising real naturalistic driving data from trucks. The Irish driving cycles significantly differ from the VECTO inbuilt driving cycles in percentage time spent in different gears, fuel consumption, and CO 2 emissions. CO 2 emissions estimated with Irish driving cycles range from 733 to 1961 g/km, while with VECTO driving cycles, the values ranged from 728 to 1865 g/km. Further, the study evaluated the sensitivity towards payload, road gradient, and idling percentages. The study insights would provide an essential evidence base for policymakers in Ireland. [Display omitted] • Developed Irish urban, regional, and freeway driving cycles. • Employed the VECTO tool to assess CO 2 emissions from Irish heavy-duty vehicle fleet. • Focused on tractor-trailers with a major share in the Irish fleet. • Evaluated the effect of idling, gradient, and payload on CO 2 emissions. • Fuel consumption is underestimated by up to 7.1% when the road gradient is ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the trend towards building resilience in infrastructure systems for disaster risk reduction is accelerating, the application of infrastructure resilience is largely conceptual or an embellishment to established modelling techniques. In response, this paper sets out the theoretical foundations of infrastructure resilience, which broadly applies across critical infrastructure networks. This is followed by reviewing system-based and network-based approaches to resilience assessment with a focus on transport infrastructure, where there is an emerging body of studies. It spotlights critical issues in conflating resilience with other concepts of infrastructure safety management or merely tagging resilience on established methods, indicating a phenomenon of "old wine in new bottles". Also, oversimplifying disruption scenarios does not provide a sufficient basis for informed resilience planning. This paper reminds readers to look beyond resilience as a mere buzzword and offers guidance on how to do so by recognising the theoretical and methodological cornerstones of infrastructure resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a static cost model that simulates the cost of decarbonizing the heavy-duty road transport sector. This time-variant model aims to refine existing estimations of investment needs under different scenarios. The paper advances sustainability transition's cost analysis in three ways: 1) providing a novel methodological tool, 2) including the financing cost in the analysis, and 2) testing the cost variance under different charging strategies for battery-electric vehicles and financing interest rates. A plausible scenario is applied to test the model. The paper discusses charging opportunities reliant on charging place, time, power effect, and electricity self-consumption within the charging strategies. Our results highlight the vital contribution of charging strategies to fuel and capital expenses for the system. Moreover, system cost analysis reacts to the change in financing policies, stressing the criticality of sustainable financing in the sustainability transition's advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the Paris agreement (2015) is to achieve a climate-neutral world by mid-century. For maritime transport, the goal is a 50 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This may be achieved using low and zero-emission fuels. LNG is a well-known low-carbon fuel for some ship types, but for application to medium to small-sized vessels, more cost-effective, compact, and operational robust solutions must be available. This paper discusses patented LNG fuel system designs and gives a qualitative evaluation of them with respect to their application to this ship segment. The use of a pressure build-up unit in combination with nitrogen injection, and/or heating of the LNG during bunkering, is suggested to be a feasible solution. Another aim of this paper is to highlight the role of patents within this area and contribute to the prevention of patent infringement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the gtfs2emis model, a bottom-up method available as an R package to estimate emissions of public transport systems. The method uses General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data, a standard format for public transport data widely adopted worldwide, which makes the method easily applicable to cities with limited data. The model requires a GTFS feed of a given transport system and a table with general characteristics of the vehicle fleet profile. The package can estimate over 16 pollutants and energy consumption based on emission factor models from Europe, the United States, and Brazil. It also includes functions to help users examine how emissions are distributed across space, at different times of the day, and by types of vehicles. This paper presents a reproducible example of the city of São Paulo (Brazil) to demonstrate the gtfs2emis package and to discuss the potential applications and limitations of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replacing internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles is the most direct pathway to decarbonize transportation. This paper investigates the environmental benefits of electric vehicle adoption in Shanghai—China's largest regional electric vehicle market. Using vehicle registration data and well-to-wheel analysis, this paper calculates the potential emissions reductions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants for each electric vehicle model sold in Shanghai in 2018. Our results indicate that electric vehicles have been over-subsidized: The average environmental benefit was less than one-fourth of the mean subsidy received. Also, the environmental benefits were not distributed uniformly: About 80% of electric vehicle models generated less than 20% of the aggregate environmental benefits. Finally, three policy recommendations are provided to improve the environmental benefits of electric vehicle adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]