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With the continuous expansion of the domestic snack food market, it is crucial to understand the key factors affecting consumer preferences and guide product improvement. This article focused on spicy strips with different brands, which carried out the evaluation of key sensory attributes for sensory evaluation groups and consumers. Penalty analysis preliminarily explored the sensory attributes and improvement directions of each product, and studied the taste characteristics through ANOVA and correlation analysis. The preference mapping was deeply processed and characterized the results of QDA and consumer preference. And it also verified the reliability of the Penalty analysis. The results showed that the sensory attributes and preferences of the six brands of spicy strips were both significantly different. Penalty analysis proposed key sensory attributes that influence consumers' preferences and identified improvement strategies for sensory attributes of 6 spicy strip samples preliminary. It was found that the preference rate of consumers for samples DLB, DDR, ZCL and WLQ was 50%-80% through preference map technology, and it was speculated that sweetness, chewiness and oily juice were the sensory attributes that could potentially affected consumers' preferences. The preference rate of consumers for GSW and HMH was 20%-30%, speculating that salty, spicy, numb, and essence spicery were the sensory attributes that potentially affected consumer preferences. By comparing the results of QDA, Penalty analysis and preference graph, it was found that the overall conclusion was consistent, and the final optimization and improvement strategy was determined by combining the three conclusions. The sensory attribute improvement model of spicy strips established in this article can provide a reference for the improvement of taste characteristics of spicy strips and the development of new products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mass Communication Research is the property of Guoli Zhengzhi Daxue Xinwenxue Yanjiusuo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northeastern University (Social Science) / Dongbei Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Dongbei Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is based on the data narrative analysis method (referred as DNA method) proposed by Ming-Shu Yuan in 2019, which constructed a narrative analysis process for image data. After screening out three successful farmers' cases, we collected relevant TV programs and interviewed video data for analysis. First of all, the play analysis was used to deconstruct the narrative structure of the thirteen video data, and then utilized the content elements of the brand story found in the previous research and the brand story plot trigger elements of this study, lastly, encoded by sequential analysis to find the sets of elements in the narrative of video data. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, the successful farmers' case interviews with video data highlights the farmers' own stories and brand concepts; Next, the TV program interview perspective is "farmer as the protagonist," which is both humanized and dramatic; Finally, when the TV program is telling the story of the individual brand of the farmer, the elements of the story are different, and the narrative skills of TV stations are also different, which can roughly distinguish the two routes of rationality and emotionality. Among them, the rational route will be more likely to link "generating purchase intention" than the emotional route, and the two elements of "identity" and "understanding" are the main conversion points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper derives conditions of aggregation rules in the generalized nested logit (GNL) model to avoid the aggregation problem. In respect to control of increasing parameters, it is useful for researchers to reduce the number of nests or alternatives in the CNL model. Therefore, aggregation rules in the GNL model are important for researchers to reduce time to analyze models or estimate their parameters. First, we demonstrate two simple aggregation rules (the arithmetical mean and the geometric mean of definite utilities in nests) that cannot solve the aggregation problem using actual scan panel data. Second, we derive the three following aggregation rules of the GNL model to avoid the aggregation problem: 1) aggregation of nests which results in three conditions in the brand choice model, 2) aggregation of alternatives which results in two conditions in the same model, and 3) aggregation of nests which resWts in six conditions in the traffic mode choice model. Finally, we conduct comparison analysis of aggregation rules among the multinomial logit (MNL), nested logit (NL) and GNL models in two cases: 1) aggregation of nests, and 2) aggregation of alternatives in the brand choice model. As a result of this comparison, it is indicated that 1) the relationship among aggregation rules in the MNL, the NL and the GNL models is consistent with the relationship among choice probabilities in these models, and 2) in limited but many cases, each definite utility component has maximum and minimum values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science the online market become a new channel to contact with customers as long as the industry value of online channel increases year by year, scholars extended their research scopes to the issue of online market. When satisfaction-loyalty linkage has not been enough to explain why customers stay in certain stores, it is much more important to research the effectiveness of switching costs and the underlying dimensions of switching costs. When a customer considers switching supplier from one to another, he will compare the revenue and costs of switching, if the costs he will pay higher than the revenue he will take, the customer will influence by switching costs and choose to stay. However, the past researches almost focused on brick and mortar market but seldom discussed online switching costs. We intend to measure it in the online-shopping market. As usual, six dimensions have been proposed and examined: (1) lost performance costs; (2) uncertainty costs; (3) pre-switching search and evaluation costs; (4) post-switching behavioral and cognitive costs; (5) setup costs; and (6) lock-on costs. The result shows that switching costs positive influence customer loyalty, customers in the online market especially care about three of the six dimensions:(2) uncertainty costs; (3) pre-switching search and evaluation costs; (4) post-switching behavioral and cognitive costs. Managers can develop business strategies through switching costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the high purchasing ability, the market of teenagers has become more and more important in recent years. Thus, understanding the behavior of adolescence has become an important issue. Most brand studies focused on the linkage between brand image, brand attitude and purchase intention. However, teenagers are young consumers, their understandings about the brand are quite limited. Hence, celebrity spokesman became an useful method to attract their attention. In addition, teenagers' behaviors are affected by peers because they would not like to be isolated in their group. The present study takes brand image and congruency of brand and celebrity as independent variables, brand attitude as mediator, purchase intention as dependent variable and peer conformity as moderator to construct a conceptual model. Some postulated hypotheses are proposed and tested by field data. The structural questionnaire was designed as a survey instrument? McDonald was selected as target brand. The junior and senior high school students in Northern, Middle, and Eastern Taiwan are invited to join the survey. The results reveal that brand image is positively related to brand attitude, and brand image is positively related to purchase intention. Congruency of celebrity and brand is positively related to brand attitude. Teenagers tend to share the same value and follow the behavior of others in order to receive recognition from their peers, thus peer conformity positively moderates the relationship between brand image and brand attitude. According to the study findings, some implications are proposed to brand managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated relationship among community identification, community trust, community commitment, moral responsibility, relationship quality, product knowledge and brand loyalty. A Survey was adopted to study two communities of Mitsubishi SAVRIN Motors. Results were: (1) Brand communities were set up sequentially. Community identity should be set up first, and then community trust and commitment would appear. While community trust and commitment well developed, moral responsibility would emerge. (2) Both the relationship of moral responsibility and product knowledge and that of moral responsibility and brand loyalty showed significant. (3) Relationship quality, product knowledge, brand loyalty and brand recommendation showed a significant relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through empirical study, this article indicates consumers hold two different types of affectionate bond for brand, individual bond and social bond simultaneously. Individual bond comes from interaction with brand, which subdimensions are love and subjective experience. Social bond results in consumers' culture identification in specific culture background, related to moral and obligatory, which subdimensions are feelings of familial unity (being one) and sensory of glory and humiliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]