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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in clinical practice. Patients with PD are usually accompanied by non - motor symptoms (NMS) such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression, pain and hallucinations, which seriously reduce the quality of life. Recent studies have found that PD patients were accompanied by diffuse pathological changes in non-dopaminergic system such as progressive degeneration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ergic neurons, and 5-HT plays an important role in the regulation of emotion, cognitive function, pain and other neural functions, and is closely related to non-motor symptoms of PD. This article reviews the correlation between 5 -HT and non -motor symptoms of PD and its research progress, in order to further clarify the pathogenesis of non-motor symptoms of PD and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of PD.

Objective To explore the effect of mixed antibiotics on the intestinal flora of mice to affect the immune regulation of the body, explore the role of intestinal flora in the development of obesity, and provide new ideas and ways for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods Seventy-two 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control (Ctrl) group, high-fat diet (HF) group, antibiotic (ABX) group, and combined (COMB) group (n = 18). At the first 2 weeks (lavage intervention weeks), Ctrl and HF group were given normal saline gavage; ABX and COMB group were given mixed antibiotics gavage, and the gavage volume was 0.2 mL/animal/day. For the following 8 weeks (feeding weeks), Ctrl and ABX group were fed with ordinary diet, HF and COMB group were fed with high-fat diet. Body weight was measured weekly, and fasting blood glucose was measured before and after gavage, and at the 4th and 8th week of feeding. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the experiment. The organ coefficient was measured and the cell morphology of white and brown adipose tissue was observed. Serum was collected for the determination of free fatty acid, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. Serum TNF- a, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, IL-33 and MCP-1 was detected by ELISA. The stool of mice was collected for second generation sequencing. Results High-fat diet increased body weight, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, IL-13, IL-33, TNF-α, MCP-1 content, and decreased glucose tolerance and organ coefficient in mice (P < 0.05). From the first feeding week to the end of the experiment, body weight in COMB group was significantly lower than that in HF group (P < 0.05). The level of glucose tolerance, serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, IL-13, IL-33, TNF-α and MCP-1 in COMB group was lower than those in HF group (P < 0.05). The α diversity of intestinal flora in ABX group was lower than that in Ctrl group (P < 0.05). Congestion and bleeding in WAT were obvious in HF group, but not in COMB group. The microbial community composition of ABX and HF group was similar to that of Ctrl and COMB group, respectively. Conclusion High-fat diet induces obesity, disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation in mice. Short-term mixed antibiotic use can regulate the intestinal flora of mice, mediate increased expression of related anti-inflammatory factors, up-regulate host immunity, and improve glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using flower-like ZnO@carbon sphere (ZnO@C) as precursor, Ag3PO4/ZnO@carbon sphere (Ag3PO4/ZnO@C) ternary composites were synthesized via an in-situ precipitation method, Ag3PO4 nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of the ZnO@C. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman, UV-Vis DRS and transient photocurrent responses. The visible light photocatalytic performance of samples was also investigated. The results show that the photocatalytic performance of Ag3PO4 can be improved by combining with ZnO@C. Among the samples, AP-Z-5(5%(mass fraction) ZnO@C and Ag3PO4) shows the best photocatalytic performance. It can nearly completely degrade methylene blue (MB) after 20min illumination in the presence of 5mg/L Fe(NO3)3, and remain 86% degradation rate after 4 cycles. Additionally, AP-Z-5 can degrade MB very well even in the mixed contaminant solution including Cr(VI) and MB.

Crack control at the early cage and the long-term and the promotion of appearance quality should be considered simultaneously for the design of cast in situ tunnel sidewall clean water concrete at open section. Based on the crack resistance evaluation and design of concrete by the multi-field coupling mechanism in advance, the raw materials and concrete mix proportion were optimized, and the temperature rise inhibited and slight expansion anti-crack agent and rheological modified agent were adopted to regulate the workability, temperature and deformation of concrete, and then the clean water concrete with high crack-resistance which meet the requirements was prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews various oxidants and catalysts commonly used in catalytic oxidation desulfurization processes,evaluates them,and prospects for the future. The production of green fuel oil is of great significance for reducing environmental pollution and protecting the ecological environment. In order to fully meet the new requirements of sulfur content standards, sulfur-containing compounds ( such as thio-phene and its derivatives) must be effectively removed from fuel oil. Compared with high investment costs and harsh reaction conditions, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) have the advantages of mild reaction conditions, mild operating conditions, and high desulfurization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China drew such an important conclusion as that "China's economy has been shifted from the high speed growth stage to a high quality development stage." High quality development has become a new direction for the reform and development of sports social organizations in the new era. The authors concluded that the factors restricting the high quality development of sports social organizations in China are multifaceted, including endogenous dynamic factors such as the lack of legitimacy and subjectivity, the imperfect organization and management mechanism, the lack of organization publicity as a result of value being the highest, and weak public welfare awareness, also including exogenous dynamic factors such as the lack of assurance of relevant laws and regulations, the government cultivation difficulties, the lack of the public's correct cognition of social organizations and a good public opinion environment, etc. In order to realize high quality development in the new era, sports social organizations should take specifying mission visions as the important cornerstone for the high quality development of social organizations, use effective supervision as the assurance, perfect supervision laws, innovate on supervision concepts, enrich supervision tools, and use social organizations undertaking government function transfer as the source of power for high quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the lack of sufficient security mechanism, domain system has become the main operational infrastructure for hackers to launch cyber attacks. Therefore, how to discover and block the potential malicious domain and the corresponding IP address quickly and precisely have become an important measure and a hot research direction in preventing unknown cyber attacks area. Based on deep investigation of the achievements in malicious domain detection fields, combining three different malicious domain detecting methods, a novel malicious domain detection framework (MDDF) was proposed. According to the experimental results, MDDF can improve the detection efficiency and provide a preferable completeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very significant for muskmelon growth and production to maintain optimal conditions of soil moisture and temperature, especially during blossom and fruit-bearing periods. The object of this study was to analyze the effects of different soil water thresholds (T1 : 55% of the field capacity, T2 : 65% of the field capacity, T3: 75% of the field capacity, CK: 85% of the field capacity) on soil temperature under mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse. Moreover, effects of the ratio of soil moisture to heat in the plough layer (0-20 cm) on muskmelon growth and fruit setting were investigated. Results indicated that during the flowering and fruit bearing periods, the order of mean soil temperature in the plough layer for the different treatments was T1 >T2>T3 >CK. There was an inverse correlation between soil temperature in the plough layer and moisture. The maximum one-day variations for soil temperature on sunny day, rainy day and after irrigation were observed in the soil surface under the plastic film mulch, while the minimum happened in the soil layer of 20 cm outside the mulch. The soil temperature extreme was closely related with soil depth, and the difference in the extreme soil temperature between the soil surface and the soil layers of 10 and 20 cm was significant. The treatment T3, with the fastest plant growth rate, the minimum duration of fruit bearing and the maximum fruit setting rate, could be selected as the optimal treatment, and the ratio of soil moisture to heat in T3 was 1.62 mm . °C-1. Therefore, taking into consideration the relationship between soil moisture and temperature during flowering and fruit bearing periods of musk- melon under mulching-drip irrigation, the ratio of soil water to heat in the plough layer should be kept at 1. 62 mm . °C. The result would be very meaningful for drip-irrigated muskmelon production and management in greenhouse in North China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart metering concentrator is the key section in the information collection system, and data acquisition and transmission become a bridge between meters and data center in the national smart grid information collection system. A smart metering concentrator is designed in this paper based on finite state machine model. In the design of the concentrator hardware, ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller core is used as the core controller, GPRS is used for remote communication medium, 37kHz modulated infrared and RS485 for local communication interface. In the software design, a finite state machine model is used. Every task is redefine in the form of a finite state machine to further improve the real-time nature of each task. In the design of tasks, three-tier structure of the system architecture is designed which is composed of applications layer, abstraction layer and the driver layer. The three-tier structure is conducive to system hardware platform migration. The system has good real-time, high stability, and easy to transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extended Kalman filter( EKF) method currently adopted for state estimations in power systems lacks robustness, and its precision subjects greatly to nonlinearity. In this article, we came up with a nonlinear approach-namely the quadrature Kalman filter( QKF) to perform the state estimation in power systems. The algorithm utilizes Gauss-Hermitt integration points from the perspective of statistical linear regression to greatly increase the precision of the estimation. In addition, high precision, whole network synchronized phasor measurements units( PMU) data and supervisory control and data acquisition( SCADA) data based on estabilished technology were introduced for hybrid estimation. Simulation results suggest QKF method, compared with EKF method, has higher computational precision and the overall performance of state estimation in power systems is enhanced due to the PMU data. QKF method based on hybrid measurement state estimation under the condition of normal status, and perturbation system has good estimation performance, and the estimation precision in the system after joining mixed measurement data is significantly higher than single SCADA system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the characteristics of ultrasound image acquisition and speckle noise statistics, this paper proposes an despeckling algorithm based on polar coordinate system and Monte Carlo estimation scheme. Firstly, it took logarithmic transformation to noisy images in polar coordinate system. Then, it acquired a set of samples in any radial direction with the estimated point in global spatial domain, and constructed weighting factor according to speckle noise model and the spatial correlation between sample point and estimated point. Consequently, the algorithmused the Monte Carlo method to achieve speckle noise likelihood-weighted estimate. Experimental results demonstrate that, the presented algorithm can better remove speckle noise while preserving image structures and details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To observe the clinical efficacy in patients with ⅢB prostatitis of stagnant dampness-heat syndrome treated with elongated needle therapy., Methods: A total of 90 patients with ⅢB prostatitis of stagnant dampness-heat syndrome were selected and randomly divided into a treatment group(45 cases, 2 dropped out) and a control group(45 cases, 1 dropped out) using a random number table method. The control group was treated with oral administration of Qianlie Shutong Capsule, 3 capsules per dose, 3 times a day for a total of 4 weeks. The treatment group received elongated needle therapy at Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3), bilateral Zhibian(BL54) and Shuidao(ST28), with one treatment per day for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI) score were compared between the two groups, and the clinical efficacy was compared after treatment., Results: Compared with that before treatment, the control group showed significant decrease in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, testicular pain, urinary frequency, unending remnants of urine, scrotal wetness, yellowish urine, urinary symptoms, and quality of life scores after treatment( P <0.05)；the treatment group showed significant decrease in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, and perineal pain, groin pain, pelvic pain, testicular pain, scrotal wetness, yellowish urine scores, NIH-CPSI total score, pain symptoms, urinary symptoms, and quality of life scores after treatment( P <0.05). After treatment, the treatment group showed significantly lower traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, and perineal pain, groin pain, pelvic pain, testicular pain scores, NIH-CPSI total score, pain symptoms, and quality of life scores than those of the control group( P <0.05). The effective rate in the treatment group (63.64%, 28/43) was significantly higher than that in the control group (88.37%, 38/44, P <0.05)., Conclusions: Elongated needle therapy can significantly improve the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, NIH-CPSI total score, and pain symptom scores in patients with ⅢB prostatitis of stagnant dampness-heat syndrome. It can significantly improve the cure rate in these patients and is particularly effective in relieving pain.

Objective: To analyze the current status of animal experiments of acupuncture in intervening chronic fatigue syndrome, so as to search formethods to improve the quality of animal experiment reports., Methods: From the databases, such as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, the literature of animal experiment on acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome was searched from January 1 st , 2011 to April 2 nd , 2022. Data were extracted according to the animal research reporting in vivo experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines 2.0 and gold standard publication checklist (GSPC), and statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2019., Results: A total of 16 studies were finally included. The satis-faction rate of essential items in the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 is 41.76%，while the satisfaction rate of recommended items is only 27.73% and of the GSPC is 25.89%. Out of 16 studies, 13 of them explained the reasons for animal exclusion in the experiment, 8 provided specific randomized methods, 8 described detailed information on animal species, strains, and quantities, 3 basically indicated that they had passed ethical review, 7 explained the limitations of the research. All 16 studies reported the main findings and elucidated their potential clinical or scientific value., Conclusion: Current animal studies on acupuncture in intervening the chronic fatigue syndrome are of certain limitation. Descriptions of multiple items are incomplete or missing, which prevents rea-ders from assessing reliability and authenticity of the animal experiment. It is recommended that in future research, experimental design, execution and report should be carried out according to the report guidelines for animal experiment to improve research quality.

Objective: To explore characteristics of the species structure of the genus Bifidobacterium at different levels of blood glucose and lipid in middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu so as to provide research basis for applying bifidobacteria in the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia., Methods: A total of 289 middle-aged and older adults of 45 and older were recruited in Chengdu between April and August 2018. They were divided into the healthy group, the dyslipidemia group, the hyperglycemia group, and the combination group (of subjects with both dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia). The levels of their fasting blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were examined. In addition, stool samples were collected and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used for quantitative analysis of the genus Bifidobacterium and the 8 bifidobacteria most commonly found in human intestines, the results of which were then examined to identify their correlation to blood glucose and lipid levels., Results: A total of 289 samples were collected and findings of inter-group comparison of the species structure of Bifidobacterium were as follows: 1) findings regarding the Bifidobacterium species examined--there was no significant difference between groups in the detection rate and the number of species detected; the quantity of B. angulatum was significantly higher in the dyslipidemia group than that in the healthy group and that in the combination group, the quantify of B. catenulatum was significantly higher in the hyperglycemia group than that in the healthy group, and the quantity of B. dentium was significantly higher in the dyslipidemia group than that in the combination group. 2) Findings regarding the correlation between the quantity of bifidobacteria and blood glucose and lipid--at the genus level, only the dyslipidemia group showed negative correlation ( r =-0.346) between Bifidobacterium and TC. At the species level, B. bifidum was negatively correlated with TG ( r =-0.761), B. breve was negatively correlated with GLU, TC, and LDL-C ( r =-0.256, r =-0.261, and r =-0.362), B.dentium was positively correlated with GLU ( r =0.206), and B. infantis was negatively correlated with TC ( r =-0.334) in the healthy group. In the hyperglycemia group, B. catenulatum and B. infantis were both positively correlated with HDL-C ( r =0.307 and r =0.525). In the combination group, B. bifidum was negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r =-0.828), while B. breve was positively correlated with TG and HDL-C ( r =0.427 and r =0.375)., Conclusion: Middle-aged and older adults with dyslipidemia and/or hyperglycemia were significantly different from healthy subjects in their testing results for Bifidobacterium . Compared with the structure of Bifidobacterium species, the changes in the number of Bifidobacterium species detected were more closely correlated to the levels of blood glucose and blood lipid, showing unique characteristics in different situations, which may indicate potential application as indicators for glucose and lipid metabolism., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Based on the method of tree-ring chronology, we established ring-width standard chrono-logies of Abies faxoniana and Sabina saltuaria in Liangtaigou, Lixian County, western Sichuan Province, and their regional composite chronology (RC) to study the responses of radial growth of those two coniferous species to climate change, which provided a basis for the protection and mana-gement of forest ecosystems in this region under the background of global warming. The results showed that the RC contained the common climatic information of two individual chronologies, which had higher signal-to-noise ratio and expressed population signal. The correlation analysis showed that three chronologies had a good consistency in the response to climate factors. All chronologies were significantly correlated with temperature, with S. saltuaria being more sensitive to temperature changes. Relative humidity had stronger limiting effect on both species than precipitation in May and October. After the abrupt warming in 1994, the correlation between ring-width chrono-logy of A. faxoniana and monthly mean temperature shifted obviously from negative to positive in some months, which indicated the radial growth of A. faxoniana showed unstable in response to temperature. However, the radial growth of both species showed different broadening trend and the sensitivity to temperature response was weakened.

Taking Pinus tabuliformis plantations at different slopes in Songshan Mountains, Henan Province, China as subjects, we established different residual chronologies of P. tabuliformis in Paomaling (PML) and Junjifeng (JJF) and whole region (RC). The results showed that the chro-nological quality of PML was higher than that of JJF. Chronologies of PML and JJF had more climate information, which had significant positive relationship with mean temperature in current February, mean temperature and mean maximum temperature at the end of growing season (September-October), and significant negative relationship with mean maximum temperature in current May. The response of radial growth of P. tabuliformis to climate differed in PML and JJF. Radial growth of P. tabuliformis in PML was positively correlated with mean minimum temperature in March and precipitation in September, while that in JJF was positively correlated with precipitation in May and mean minimum temperature in September. Residual chronologies of P. tabuliformis in whole region contained more climate information. The multiple regression analysis method was used to simulate that the main limiting factors of tree-ring width growth of P. tabuliformis , which was a range of temperature indicators, especially current mean temperature in September. The result was consistent with that of correlation analysis. This study could provide basic services for forest protection and ecological construction in Songshan Mountains region.

Objective: To study the distributional characteristics of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Shaanxi province., Methods: A total of 4 622 children diagnosed with allergic diseases in the Asthma Center, Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital from March 2015 to February 2019 were selected. Serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) of 19 common kinds of allergens were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The children were divided into different groups according to sex, age and geographical regions, and the distributional characteristics of allergens of the different groups were compared., Results: The overall positive rate for the 19 allergens of the 4 622 children was 62.8%. The ranking of the positive rates for individual allergens from high to low were as follows: 24.2% for milk, 18.0% for mold mix, 16.7% for dog dander, 16.4% for house dust mite, 11.7% for cat dander, 10.7% for cashew, 10.6% for weed pollen, 8.8% for egg white, 7.8% for house dust, 7.7% for tree pollen, 5.6% for amaranth, 4.9% for mulberry tree, 3.6% for mango, 3.2% for beef, 2.8% for cockroach, 2.1% for crab, 1.5% for shrimp, 0.8% for pineapple, and 0.3% for shellfish. Analysis based on sex showed that the allergen positive rates in boys were higher than those in girls. Analysis by age difference showed that generally the positive rates for inhaled allergens increased along with the increase in patient age, while the positive rates for ingested allergens decreased along with the increase in patient age. Analysis by geographical regions showed that the positive rate of house dust mite in the patients from the southern part of Shaanxi, the positive rate of weed pollen in the patients from the northern part of Shaanxi and the positive rates of milk and egg white in the patients from the central part of Shaanxi were higher than those in other areas. The cluster analysis and correlation analysis showed that the 19 allergens could be roughly divided into 4 categories. There were moderate correlations among tree pollen, mulberry tree and amaranth. There were moderate correlations among mulberry tree, mango and amaranth. There was moderate correlation between shrimp and crab, and there were mild or weak correlations among most of the other allergens., Conclusion: Among the 4 622 children with allergic diseases in Shaanxi Province who were treated in the Asthma Center, Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, male patients showed higher sensitivity to allergens. The positive rates of inhaled allergens increased, while the positive rates of ingested allergens decreased with increase in patient age. There were regional differences in the distribution of allergens. Some allergens were correlated with each other, which may be related to cross-reaction., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Groundwater resources are important sources of water in the arid region of northwestern China, but their overexploitation and utilization has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems. Exploring the characteristics and mechanism of groundwater chemical evolution is important for the rational use of groundwater resources. The characteristics of groundwater chemical evolution were studied in the Yongji Irrigation Area of Hetao Irrigation District and the formation mechanism of the chemical compounds in groundwater were investigated using cluster analysis, factor analysis, and other statistical methods. The influence degree of different factors was calculated. The results showed that the major cations in groundwater in the study area were Na + and K + , and the major anions were Cl - and HCO 3 - . Moreover, Na + , K + , and Cl - showed high spatial variability and were the main factors contributing to groundwater salinization. The major chemical compounds in the groundwater in the study area were Cl-Na, HCO 3 ·Cl ·SO 4 -Na, and HCO 3 -Na. Based on the cluster analysis results, the groundwater was divided into four categories (A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , and B 2 ), of which A 1 was highly mineralized by Cl-Na type water, while A 2 , B 1 , and B 2 were mainly HCO 3 ·Cl ·SO 4 -Na and HCO 3 -Na type water. Principal component analysis results suggest that groundwater chemistry was mainly affected by salinization, carbonate karstification, and human activities with the influence degrees of 45.976%, 23.853% and 16.678%, respectively. Evaporation, salt rock dissolution, and cation exchange were important sources of Na + and Cl - accumulation in the irrigation area. Agricultural irrigation (leaching of soil salts) and drought (intense transpiration) were the key drivers of groundwater salinization in the irrigation area.

Objective To investigate the role of ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 (ASAP1) in the infection of murine macrophages RAW264.7 with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the function of ASAP1 in macrophage migration. Methods The expression of ASAP1 was down-regulated in RAW264.7 cells using siRNA, and then the cells were infected with H37Ra. The intracellular bacterial load was determined by fluorescence confocal microscopy and colony forming unit (CFU), and the migration ability of the cells were evaluated by Transwell TM assay. Results Compared with the control cells, the intracellular bacterial load was significantly enhanced in ASAP1-knockdown cells, whereas the migration ability of cells was reduced after knockdown of ASAP1 expression. Conclusion ASAP1 is important for RAW264.7 cell migration, and down-regulated ASAP1 expression may impair the migration ability of RAW264.7 cells.

Objective: To investigate the effect of natural hirudin combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the survival of transplanted random-pattern skin flap in rats., Methods: A random-pattern skin flap in size of 10.0 cm×2.5 cm was elevated on the dorsum of 72 Sprague Dawley rats. Then the 72 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =18) according to the therapy method. At immediate and within 4 days after operation, the rats were treated with normal saline injection in control group, normal saline injection combined with hyperbaric oxygen treatment in hyperbaric oxygen group, the natural hirudin injection in natural hirudin group, and the natural hirudin injection combined with hyperbaric oxygen treatment in combined group. The flap survival was observed after operation, and survival rate was evaluated at 6 days after operation. The skin samples were collected for histological analysis, microvessel density (MVD) measurement, and evaluation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression level by the immunohistochemical staining at 2 and 4 days after operation., Results: Partial necrosis occurred in each group after operation, and the flap in combined group had the best survival. The survival rate of flap was significantly higher in hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and combined group than that in control group, and in combined group than in hyperbaric oxygen group and natural hirudin group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between hyperbaric oxygen group and natural hirudin group ( P >0.05). At 2 days, more microvascular structure was observed in hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and combined group in comparison with control group; while plenty of inflammatory cells infiltration in all groups. At 4 days, the hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and the combined group still showed more angiogenesis. Meanwhile, there was still infiltration of inflammatory cells in control group, inflammatory cells in the other groups were significantly reduced when compared with at 2 days. At 2 days, the MVD was significantly higher in hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and combined group than that in control group ( P <0.05); the expression of TNF-α was significantly lower in hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and combined group than that in control group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in above indexes between hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and combined group ( P >0.05). At 4 days, the MVD was significantly higher in hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and combined group than that in control group, in natural hirudin group and combined group than in hyperbaric oxygen group ( P <0.05). The expression of TNF-α was significantly lower in hyperbaric oxygen group, natural hirudin group, and combined group than that in control group, in combined group than in natural hirudin group and hyperbaric oxygen group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen and natural hirudin therapy after random-pattern skin flap transplantation can improve the survival of flaps. Moreover, combined therapy is seen to exhibit significant synergistic effect. This effect maybe related to promotion of angiogenesis and the reduction of inflammation response.

Objective: To investigate the expression of LINC00520 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC),and analyze its relevance and roles in carcinogenesis and development of LSCC. Method: The expression of LINC00520 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and paired adjacent normal tissue was determined by real-time PCR.The relationship between the expression of LINC00520 and the clinicopathological characteristics including clinical stage,pathological type,histological grade and lymph node metastasis of LSCC was analyzed. Result: (1)The LINC00520 expression level was significantly upregulated in LSCC tissues compared to that of paired adjacent normal tissues( P <0.000 1).(2)There were no statistical differences of the LINC00520 expression level among supraglottic,glottic and subglottic LSCCs( P >0.05).The LINC00520 expression level had no significant changes in poorly differentiated LSCC compared with that of well and moderately differentiated counterparts( P >0.05).Moreover,the expression of LINC00520 had no significant difference between T1+T2 stage and T3+T4 stage LSCC tissues( P >0.05).Interestingly,the LINC00520 level in LSCC with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis( P <0.01). Conclusion: Upregulation of LINC00520 in LSCC may contribute to its metastasis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensity exercise combined with resveratrol on retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) mRNA and protein expression in visceral adipose tissue and plasma RBP4 concentration of aged obese rats., Methods: Eighty male SD rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group. Rats of the control group(C) were fed with ordinary feed of 6% fat ( n =12). The experimental group consisted of 68 rats, which were fed with 36%~40% high fat feed in three stages. The rat model of elderly obesity was established successfully. Twenty-four obese rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, including obese group (CO), resveratrol obese group (RO), low intensity exercise combined with resveratrol group (LRO) and moderate intensity exercise combined with resveratrol group (MRO). There were 6 rats in each group. The exercise intensities of the LRO group and MRO group were (12 m/min×15 min) and (15 m/min×15 min). Every day was exercised for 60 minutes. The rats in RO, LRO or MRO were treated with resveratrol at the dose of 52.5 mg/kg·d, while the rats in the control group were fed with the same amount of purified water, continued intervention for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, samples of blood, adipose tissue of around the kidney, testicle, vessel and visceral were collected. Blood glucose and plasma RBP4 concentration were measured. Insulin sensitivity(ISI) was calculated. The expressions of RBP4 mRNA and protein were also determined., Results: Compared with normal (C) group, the expressions of RBP4 mRNA and protein and plasma concentration and plasma glucose of the model (CO) group were increased obviously ( P <0.05, P <0.01). ISI was decreased obviously ( P <0.05). Compared with model (CO) group, the expressions of RBP4 mRNA and protein and plasma concentration and plasma glucose of the RO and LRO and MRO groups were decreased significantly( P <0.05, P <0.01), while ISI was increased markedly ( P <0.05). Compared with the RO and LRO groups, the expressions of RBP4 mRNA and protein and plasma concentration and plasma glucose of the MRO group were decreased, while ISI was increased, but there was no significant difference., Conclusions: Different intensities exercise combined with resveratrol could reduce the RBP4 mRNA and protein expression in visceral adipose tissue and plasma RBP4 concentrations of aged obese rats, but less affected by exercise intensity.

Objective: To investigate the manifestations, pulmonary function test (PFT) characteristics and imaging features of patients with nonspecific pulmonary function (NSPF)., Methods: All the data from the same PFT apparatus in Beijing Hospital were collected from January 2003 to December 2012. NSPF was defined as normal FEV1/FVC and TLC, but decreased FEV1 or FVC or both. Patients with complete clinical data from January 2012 to June 2012 were enrolled into this analysis. The NSPF group was compared with the normal group, the obstructive group, the restrictive group and the mixed group., Results: There were totally 14 771 cases of PFT on this apparatus during 10 year period, and those with NSPF were 2759 (18.68%). From January 2012 to June 2012, 341 patients were enrolled into this study with a sex ratio of 1.37:1, and an average age of 66±12 years. Compared with the normal group, the NSPF group had a significantly higher rate of small airway abnormalities and elevated RV/TLC. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that statistical differences were found in TLC%pred (OR=0.668, P<0.01, 95%CI 0.563-0.791), FEF25-75%pred (OR=0.963, P<0.01, 95%CI 0.939-0.988), RV%pred (OR=1.144, P<0.01, 95%CI 1.075-1.217), and RV/TLC (OR=1.31, P<0.01, 95%CI 1.15-1.492). Compared with the obstructive group, the NSPF group had a significantly lower rate of small airway abnormalities. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female gender(OR=15.283, P<0.001, 95%CI 3.526-66.248), TLC%pred (OR=0.961, P=0.02, 95%CI 0.928-0.994), and FEF50%%pred (OR=1.189, P<0.001, 95%CI 1.103-1.281) were significantly different between the 2 groups. Respiratory symptoms were more common in the NSPF group. Airway diseases were diagnosed in more cases of the NSPF group when compared to the normal group, but in fewer cases when compared to the obstructive group. Clinical manifestations and imaging features of the NSPF cases were not specific., Conclusions: NSPF is a common clinical condition which mainly affects the small airway function with some degree of restrictive dysfunction. NSPF has limited predictive value for diagnosis because the manifestations and imaging features are not specific.

Objective: Cushing's syndrome is a clinical condition resulting from chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoid. As a consequence, long-term hypercortisolism contributes significantly to the development of systemic disorders by direct and/or indirect effects. The present study was to analyze the changes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system in different subtypes of Cushing's syndrome on the standard posture test., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 150 patients with histologically confirmed Cushing's syndrome treated at the PLA General Hospital between 2002 and 2014. Among them, 128 patients were diagnosed as adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome, and 22 were ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. All patients were undertaken the posture test. Plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II, plasma aldosterone concertration (PAC) levels were measured before and after the test., Results: Basal plasma PRA [0.5 (0.2,1.3)µg·L(-1)·h(-1), angiotensin II [(48.9±20.1) ng/L] and PAC [(285.0±128.1) pmol/L] levels were within the normal range in supine position. Compared with the subjects with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome, the basal PAC levels were higher in subjects with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome [(348.0±130.4) pmol/L vs (274.2±125.0) pmol/L, P<0.05]. However, the PAC response in subjects with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome [(49.7±26.4)%] was significantly lower than that in those with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome [(81.2±69.3)%] upon upright posture stimulation (P<0.05). There were no statistical significances in PRA and angiotensin II levels between the two groups. The basal PAC and PRA levels were positively correlated with ACTH, whereas PAC response was negatively correlated with ACTH., Conclusions: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system activity in subjects with Cushing's syndrome was similar to that in normal control. The basal PAC level and its response to upright posture are differently associated with ACTH level in Cushing's syndrome.

It is very significant for muskmelon growth and production to maintain optimal conditions of soil moisture and temperature, especially during blossom and fruit-bearing periods. The object of this study was to analyze the effects of different soil water thresholds (T1: 55% of the field capacity, T2: 65% of the field capacity, T3: 75% of the field capacity, CK: 85% of the field capacity) on soil temperature under mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse. Moreover, effects of the ratio of soil moisture to heat in the plough layer (0-20 cm) on muskmelon growth and fruit setting were investigated. Results indicated that during the flowering and fruit bearing periods, the order of mean soil temperature in the plough layer for the different treatments was T1 > T2 > T3 > CK. There was an inverse correlation between soil temperature in the plough layer and moisture. The maximum one-day variations for soil temperature on sunny day, rainy day and after irrigation were observed in the soil surface under the plastic film mulch, while the minimum happened in the soil layer of 20 cm outside the mulch. The soil temperature extreme was closely related with soil depth, and the difference in the extreme soil temperature between the soil surface and the soil layers of 10 and 20 cm was significant. The treatment T3, with the fastest plant growth rate, the minimum duration of fruit bearing and the maximum fruit setting rate, could be selected as the optimal treatment, and the ratio of soil moisture to heat in T3 was 1.62 mm · °C(-1). Therefore, taking into consideration the relationship between soil moisture and temperature during flowering and fruit bearing periods of muskmelon under mulching-drip irrigation, the ratio of soil water to heat in the plough layer should be kept at 1.62 mm · C(-1). The result would be very meaningful for drip-irrigated muskmelon production and management in greenhouse in North China.

A pot experiment was conducted to study effect of drought stress on leaf physiological characteristics and growth of one year old Stellaria dichotoma seedlings. The result showed that plant height and shoot dry weight significantly decreased with decrease in soil water content; however, root length and root dry weight increased at light drought stress and decreased at severe drought stress. The result also showed that with the decrease of soil water content, proline content in S. dichotoma leaves decreased then increase, while solube protein content decreased. Activities of SOD and POD in S. dichotoma leaves significantly decreased as soil water content decreased, while activity of CAT significantly decreased at severe drought stress. Membrane permeability in S. dichotoma leaves increased, while MDA content decreased then increased as soil water decreased. These results suggest that S. dichotoma had osmotic stress resistance ability and reactive oxygen scavenging capacity at light drought stress, which caused S. dichotoma growth was no inhibited at a certain extent drought stress.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of topical application of mitomycin-C in the management of benign cicatricial airway stenosis (BCAS), and to discuss the feasibility of catheter drip to achieve the topical application of mitomycin-C., Methods: Twenty patients with BCAS were divided into control group and experimental group (topical application of mitomycin-C). Patients in control group were treated only with interventional bronchoscopy which including balloon dilation, argon plasma coagulation/electrotomy, cryotherapy, stent placement and so on, while patients in experimental group were treated with interventional bronchoscopy adjuncted with topical application of mitomycin-C (0.4 mg/ml). According to the length of airway lesion, the dosage was 1 ml/cm. Topical application of mitomycin-C was achieved by catheter drip. Photographs were taken at the place above the proximal end of airway stenosis and a software called Digimizer was used to measure the cross sectional area of stenosed airway. A 3-month follow-up was done to observe the safety and curative effect of topical application mitomycin-C in airway., Results: Ten patients (3 male and 7 female) ranging in age from 20 to 71 years [mean (36 ± 17) years] enrolled in control group and 10 patients (5 male and 5 female) ranging in age from 20 to 74 years [mean (42 ± 18) years] enrolled in experimental group. The average airway cross-sectional areas before and after treatment of 2 groups were (22 ± 13) mm(2), (23 ± 11) mm(2) (control group) and (20 ± 8) mm(2), (34 ± 12) mm(2) (experimental group), respectively. The average increased airway cross-sectional areas of experimental group and control group before and after treatment were (15 ± 13) mm(2) and (1 ± 10) mm(2) respectively, which had statistical differences. The average times of treatment during 3 months were (2.8 ± 1.5) in control group vs (1.8 ± 0.9) in experimental group which had statistical differences. The 3-month effective rate was 90% of experimental group vs 40% of control group, and the symptom improvement rate was 80% of experimental group vs 30% of control group. There were significant differences in outcomes between two groups. No drug-related complications occurred in experimental group during the follow-up period., Conclusions: Mitomycin-C is an effective adjuvant treatment method in the management of BCAS. Topical application of mitomycin-C in airway is safety. Catheter drip to achieve the topical application of mitomycin-C in airway is a convenient, economical and effective method.

Objective: To investigate the effects of purine nucleotide on the expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotrophic hormone (LH) and the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of heroin-addicted and -withdrawal rats., Methods: Ninety-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (ip saline for 14 d), a nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP for 10 d), a heroin group (ip heroin for 10 d), a heroin + nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP + heroin for 10 d), a 3 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 14 d), a 9 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 20 d), a 3 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 3 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 14 d), and a 9 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 9 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 20 d). Changes in the mRNA expressions of FSH and LH in the pituitary gland of the rats were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and alterations in the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells were observed under the microscope., Results: The expression of FSH mRNA was significantly increased in the nucleotide, heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.099 +/- 0.018, 0.177 +/- 0.046, 0.151 +/- 0.030 and 0.184 +/- 0.028) as compared with the control group (0.045 +/- 0.009) (P < 0.01); and so was that of LH mRNA in the heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.950 +/- 0.169, 0.990 +/- 0.171 and 0.960 +/- 0.147) in comparison with the control group (0.700 +/- 0.099) (P < 0.01). In the heroin group, the nuclei of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells exhibited morphological abnormality, unclear membrane, slightly pyknotic matrix, marginal and agglutinated heterochromatin, dilated rough endoplasmic reticula, swollen mitochondria, broken and vacuolated cristae in the cytoplasm, obviously decreased number of secretory granules, and myelin bodies in some cells. However, the heroin + nucleotide group showed no significant changes in the ultrastructures of somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells compared with the control group., Conclusion: Short-term use of heroin does not obviously affect the expressions of FSH and LH mRNA in the pituitary gland of rats, while heroin + nucleotide, or nucleotide following heroin withdrawal can enhance their expressions significantly. Heroin damages the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of male rats, and purine nucleotide can diminish or inhibit this damage.

Objective: To research the effects of Na-FA on gastrointestinal movement and gastriculcer in mice., Methods: Using charcoal powder as an indicator, the effects of FA-Na on bowel movement of mice was evaluated by determining the propulsive percent-age of charcoal powder in normal mice, inhibition of small intestinal propulsion model induced by Compound Diphenoxylate and spleen asthenia and diarrhea model caused by Rheum officinale Baill; The acute gastric ulcer model was induced by intragastric alcohol given orally, the protective effect of FA-Na given ahead on gastric injury was evaluated, the ulcer index and the inhibition ratio of ulcer was calculated., Results: FA-Na (intragastric administration) had inhibit effect on normal mice and diarrhea model caused by Rheum officinale, significantly synergetic effect on gastrointestinal asynersis induced by Compound Diphenoxylate, and protective effect on mice gastric mucosal injury cause by dehydrated alcohol. Compared with the positive control drug Ranitidine, the ulcer index and ulcer inhibition ratio large doses of FA-Na had no significant difference., Conclusion: The acute toxicity of FA-Na is very low, it has the effects of antidiarrheal and anti-gastric ulcer.

Objective: To study the changes of neutral alpha-glucoside activity in the epididymis of heroin-dependent and heroin-withdrawal rats, and to investigate the effects of intervention with purine nucleotide (AMP and GMP)., Methods: Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of equal number, control, nucleotide, heroin, heroin + nucleotide, 3 d withdrawal, 9 d withdrawal, 3 d nucleotide (nucleotide administrated for 3 days after heroin withdrawal) and 9 d nucleotide (nucleotide administrated for 9 days after heroin withdrawal). Neutral alpha-glucosidase activity in the epididymis was detected in each group of rats., Results: Compared with the control group, neutral alpha-glucoside activity was markedly decreased in the heroin group (P < 0.05), and also in the 3 d and 9 d withdrawal groups, although with no significant differences (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Heroin reduces neutral alpha-glucoside activity in the epididymis of rats, and this effect may continue for some time after drug withdrawal, while purine nucleotide can keep neutral alpha-glucosidase activity in a relatively stable state.

Objective: To analyze time trend of cancer during 1970-2005 in Shandong province so as to develop strategies for control and prevention of cancer at the community level., Methods: Data was from 4 retrospective surveys regarding all causes of death during 1970-1974, 1985-1989, 1990-1992 and 2004-2005, in Shandong province. Other than one set of data collected in 1985-1989 by Shandong province itself, the other 3 set of data were from the national surveys, in which the survey-point sampling of choice was based on data of 1970-1974 for assessing its representativeness. The observing indices would include standardized mortality and mortality. A join-point regression model was used to analyze the changing rate of tumor., Results: The mortality rate of the entire tumor increased 143.15 percent in 2005 than in 1970. The changing slope of standardized rate of all tumors in the regression model showed that the inter-annual growth rate were 0.54 and 1.24 percent from 1970 to 1984 and from 1985 to 1992. The rate of increase since 1992 had been 0.18 percent. During 2004-2005, the main malignant cancers were lung, stomach, liver, esophageal, colorectal, leukemia, breast and cervical cancer, in order. Lung cancer rose from the 4th ranking to the first while cervical cancer dropped from the fifth ranking to the 8th place. Esophageal cancer and cervical cancer were decreased annually while gastric cancer was increased in the early days but decreased later on. The rest of the cancers were on the rise year by year. Rates of lung and breast cancers were higher while gastric and esophageal cancers were lower seen in the urban than in rural areas., Conclusion: In Shandong province, a marked increase was seen in the mortality rate of tumors in the past 35 years. Evidence showed that the spectrum of death among main malignant tumors had changed which might provide a scientific basis for the development of a community-based prevention and control program on cancer.