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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To improve the water solubility and stability of apigenin and promote its antioxidant biological activity, apigenin liposomes (AP-L) were developed and subsequently surface-modified with chitosan (CS). Methods: The appropriateness of two methods, low-speed centrifugation and membrane filtration, for measuring encapsulation efficiency was evaluated. Encapsulation efficiency served as the evaluation criterion to compare the AP-L preparation methods employing the film dispersion-ultrasound and ethanol injection-ultrasound techniques. Additionally, the preparation process underwent optimization via both single-factor experiments and response surface tests. Chitosan was adsorbed onto the surface of liposomes through electrostatic adsorption to produce chitosan apigenin liposomes (CS-AP-L). The appearance, microstructure, particle size and distribution, potential, encapsulation efficiency and stability of the liposomes were observed before and after chitosan modification. The antioxidant capacity of apigenin dispersion (AP-D), AP-L and CS-AP-L was investigated by DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging assays. Results: The low-speed centrifugation method was found to be more precise in determining the entrapment efficiency of liposomes, while the membrane dispersion-ultrasonic method demonstrated higher encapsulation efficiency. The optimal preparation process for AP-L included 6 mg of apigenin, an apigenin to phospholipid ratio of 1:24, a phospholipid to cholesterol ratio of 6:1, 6.3 mL of ethanol, 20 mL of phosphate buffer solution (PBS), hydration temperature 50 ℃ and ultrasonic time 20 min. The particle size of AP-L was 157.34±1.87 nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.240±0.025, and the encapsulation efficiency was 66.50%±1.00%. The particle size of CS-AP-L increased to 564.22±39.7 nm, the PDI was 0.292±0.022, and the encapsulation efficiency decreased to 60.17%±1.97%. After being stored at room temperature for 30 days, the leakage rate of AP-L was 21.92%±4.84%, compared to 10.64%±0.28% for CS-AP-L. This indicated that CS-AP-L demonstrated superior stability. Furthermore, the DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging experiment demonstrated that both AP-L and CS-AP-L could enhance the free radical scavenging capacity of apigenin, with CS-AP-L showing even greater scavenging capability. Conclusion: The CS-AP-L prepared in this study exhibits appropriate particle size, uniform distribution, high encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and the capability to enhance the antioxidant activities of apigenin, thereby offering valuable insights for the development of apigenin derivative products.

Objective To prepare the liposomes of total flavonoids from Lonicerae Japonicae flos (LJFTF) and evaluate their inhibitory effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Methods LJFTF liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection.Then the preparation process was optimized by star point design-effect surface method, with the concentrations of phospholipid, mass ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol and mass concentration of LJFTF as the influencing factors, and the encapsulation rate and drug-loading rate as evaluation indicators.The obtained liposomes were characterized by observing their properties, measuring particle size, polymer dispersity index (PDI) and Zeta potential through laser particle size analyzer.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the release rate of the liposomes.The antibacterial activity of the liposomes against MRSA was observed by plate method and live/dead staining, and the inhibitory effect of the liposomes on MRSA biofilm was observed by crystal violet staining. Results After optimization and verification, the best preparation process was as follows: phospholipid concentration 35.0 mg/mL, phospholipid to cholesterol mass ratio 15.0, and LJFTF concentration 5.7 mg/mL.The prepared liposomes were light yellow emulsion, with an average encapsulation rate of 86.37%(RSD=0.37%, n=3), and an average drug-loading rate of 11.69%(RSD=0.09%, n=3), a particle size of 173.60±1.07 nm, a PDI value of 0.15±0.05, and a Zeta potential of-4.86±0.60 mV.The free LJFTF was completely released within 4 h from the dialysis bag, and the in vitro cumulative release of LJFTF was (59.44±3.58)% at 12 h and (63.58±5.78)% at 30 h.Plate and live/dead staining showed that the prepared liposomes significantly inhibited the growth and promoted the death of MRSA strain.Crystal violet staining displayed that the liposomes significantly inhibited the formation of MRSA biofilm (P < 0.001), with significant difference in comparison with same dose of LJFTF (P < 0.001). Conclusion LJFTF liposomes are successfully prepared, and the formulation process has been optimized.The liposomes show significant anti-MRSA activity in vitro.

Objective To construct vitamin E (tocopherol, VE)-based liposomes with both hydrogen peroxide-scavenging function and anticoagulant effect, and explore whether they can be used to treat acute ischemic stroke and then evaluate their in vitro anticoagulant effect. Methods Two molecules of VE were chemically bonded through peroxalate bond to obtain oxalate vitamin E (OVE). The anticoagulant unit LA-Hirudin was obtained by amidation reaction by connecting the anticoagulant drug hirudin to linoleic acid (LA). The structures of the synthesized products were characterized by using H nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and FT-IR spectra. Hirudin-Oxalic acid divitamin E ester liposome (HOL) was prepared by thin film dispersion and characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mouse brain-derived endothelial cells (bEnd3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were applied as the object of cell experiments. The levels of H2O2, and cellular inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by ELISA to evaluate the effect of the liposomes on the severity of cellular inflammation. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and cell proliferation assay (5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, Edu) were used to detect the effects of the liposomes on cell count and proliferation. The anticoagulant effect of the prepared liposomes was detected by using whole blood of mice. Results 1HNMR spectrum showed that OVE was successfully synthesized, and the FT-IR spectrum displayed that hirudin and linoleic acid were successfully bonded to obtain LA-Hirudin. The results of DLS and TEM indicated that the prepared liposomes were spheroids, in uniform distribution, with an average particle size of 161 nm. The cell experiments showed that the liposomes significantly inhibited the secretion of H2O2 and inflammatory factors, and exerted obvious antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the model cells (P < 0.05). CCK-8 assay and Edu proliferation assay proved that the liposomes suppressed the decreased cell count and alleviated the inhibited cell proliferation caused by LPS (P < 0.01). Anticoagulation experiment revealed that the liposomes had significant inhibitory effect of CaCl2-induced coagulation reaction (P < 0.01). Conclusion A hydrogen peroxide-scavenging function material, OVE is synthesized, and then anticoagulant drug hirudin and OVE are used to prepare OVE thrombolytic liposomes, HOL. The liposomes have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects at the cellular level and also have significant anticoagulant effect.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the bidirectional causal relationship between lipid profiles and colorectal cancer (CRC) by using the two-sample and two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, and to explore the mediating role and proportion of immune cells as intermediary factors. MethodsThe pooled statistical data related to the study were screened, and 179 lipids and CRC were analyzed using two-sample and two-step MR with the inverse variance weighted method. Simultaneously, the causal effect was verified via Bayesian weighted MR. Two-step MR analysis was conducted to determine whether a mediated effect was exerted on immune cell traits. Sensitivity, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy analyses were performed to verify the reliability of the study results. ResultsThe causal relationship between nine lipid traits and CRC was preliminarily identified, and no reverse causal effect was found (P>0.05). The validity of the results was verified via Bayesian weighted MR (P

Copyright of Cancer Research on Prevention & Treatment is the property of Cancer Research on Prevention & Treatment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the key physical and chemical properties of nintedanib liposomes prepared by 4 different methods in order to screen out the best preparation method of nintedanib liposomes. Methods Firstly, nintedanib liposomes were prepared by thin film dispersion, reverse evaporation, ethanol injection and modified ethanol injection, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of nintedanib liposomes was then determined by dialysis and characterized for particle size, dispersibility, surface potential, and morphology. Their stability was evaluated after being placed at room temperature for 7 d. Results Circular nintedanib liposomes were respectively prepared by thin film dispersion, reverse evaporation, ethanol injection and modified ethanol injection, with a particle size of (285.1±12.3), (271.4±5.9), (226.3±14.8) and (197.2±11.2) nm, an encapsulation rate of (15.82±1.26)%, (16.71±1.35)%, (25.12±3.21)% and (32.5±3.61)%, respectively. The nintedanib liposomes prepared by modified ethanol injection had significantly smallest particle size and highest encapsulation efficiency than the liposomes by the other 3 methods (P < 0.05). In 7 d after being placed at room temperature, the particle sizes of the liposomes prepared by film dispersion and reverse evaporation were increased notably (P < 0.01), but no such change was observed in the liposomes prepared by ethanol injection and modified ethanol injection (P>0.05). Conclusion Nintedanib liposomes prepared by modified ethanol injection have excellent key physical and chemical properties, and this method is an optical one for preparing nintedanib liposomes.

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] β-Sitosterol-modified ginsenoside Rb1 liposomes （β-Rb1-Lip） were prepared to reduce the degradation of Rb1 and enhance the lipid-lowering effects of ginsenoside Rb1. [Methods] β-sitosterol-modified ginsenoside Rb1 liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The biosafety of the liposomes was assessed using the MTT assay. The inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by β-Rb1-Lip was investigated using Oil Red O staining and triglyceride （TG） content measurement with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. [Results] The prepared β-Rb1-Lip liposomes had an encapsulation efficiency of 83.74% and an average particle size of 198 nm. The release rate of Rb1 from β-Rb1-Lip was about 80% within 12 hours, demonstrating a good sustained-release effect. Regarding lipid-lowering activity, β-Rb1-Lip at 50 μmol/L showed a significant inhibitory rate of intracellular lipid droplets. Compared to the same concentration of Rb1 monomer, β-Rb1-Lip had a more significant inhibitory effect on the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells and did not exhibit cytotoxicity. [Conclusion] β-Rb1-Lip has high encapsulation efficiency, small particle size, and obvious sustained-release characteristics. It can continuously release the active component ginsenoside Rb1, enhance its lipid-lowering efficacy, and reduce the dosage, providing support for the development of Rb1 lipid-lowering products.

[Objective] This study aimed to improve the water solubility of propolis, and expand the application of propolis in food industry. [Methods] By utilizing the film dispersion method, propolis liposome was prepared with cholesterol and soy lecithin as the wall material and propolis as the core component. The optimal preparation process for propolis liposome was optimized through a combination of one-factor experiments and response surface methodology with the encapsulation rate as the test index, and its antioxidant activity was also analyzed and evaluated. [Results] The optimal process for preparing propolis liposome consisted of 2.5 g/100 mL soy lecithin, a cholesterol to soy lecithin ratio of 1∶10.3, and a cholesterol to propolis ratio of 1∶3.8. These optimized conditions resulted in a high encapsulation rate of 93.09% for propolis liposome. In addition, it was found that the scavenging efficiencies of the 50 μL/mL propolis liposome were 88.60%, 60.53%, and 82.25% for clearance of DPPH radicals, ABTS+ radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. [Conclusion] The prepared propolis liposome has high encapsulation efficiency, good water solubility and good antioxidant capacity.

Objective To prepare liposomes encapsulate hemoglobin and paclitaxel(LEHP)to improve tumor hypoxia resistance. Methods LEHP were prepared by thin-film method, and the particle size, Zeta potential and polydispersity were investigated by nanoparticle size analyzer, and encapsulation efficiency was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography, and the interaction between the liposomes and tumor cells was evaluated by in vitro cell experiments. Results The optimal preparation conditions of LEHP was as follows: total phospholipid 36 mM, DPPC∶Dope∶cholesterol molar ratio 7∶2∶1, paclitaxel 3 mg, hydrated with 3 mg·mL-1 Hb-PBS for 30 min at room temperature; The average particle size was (189.17±8.22) nm, polydispersity was 0.14±0.023, paclitaxel encapsulation efficiency was (58.27±2.55)%, hemoglobin content was (0.63±0.05) mg·mL-1. In vitro cell experiments, the killing effect of LEHP was about 1.5 times that of LEP, about 1.2 times that of LEP, and ROS production was about 1.8 times that of LEP. Conclusion The preparation conditions of LEHP was optimized, and cell experiments showed that LEHP can promote tumor cell apoptosis by improving hypoxia and increasing ROS production, which is expected to provide a safe and effective new method for drug resistance caused by tumor hypoxia.

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Influenza viruses spread through the respiratory tract among humans. and it is particularly important to enhance the mucosal immunity against the viruses by vaccination, However, influenza vaccines, which are now mainly inactivated vaccines and inoculated by intramuscular injection, can hardly induce mucosal immunity. In this study, mucosal immunization of mice with H7N9 inactivated influenza vaccine was explored. In order to enhance effectiveness of the vaccine through intranasal route, phospholipids and cholesterol, whose properties are similar to those of pulmonary surfactants (PS), were used to prepare PS-biomimetic liposomes, and then resiquimod (R848), a small-molecule compound, was encapsulated within the bionic PS liposomes using thin-film dispersion method to form a novel mucosal adjuvant. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with H7N9 influenza inactivated vaccine mixed with PS-R848. The immunological indicators and protective effects post challenge were detected. Compared with the vaccine plus R848, the vaccine plus PS-R848 induced in mice significantly increased serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, IgG1 and IgG2a subclass antibody titers, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, and lung secretory IgA titers, and also significantly increased secretion amounts of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 cytokines. After the lethal homologous virus attack, mice in vaccine plus PS-R848 group survived 100%, with significantly re duced lung residual virus titer and the maximum weight loss rate, compared to the vaccine alone group. The results indicated that PS-biomimetic liposomes encapsulating R848 could be used as a mucosal adjuvant to effectively enhance the immune efficacy of inactivated influenza virus vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages are highly heterogeneous and related to a variety of diseases such as tumors and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the application of macrophages as a potential target for treatment of these diseases has received more and more attention. Although genetic engineering is widely used to modify cells, it is still difficult for efficient transfection of macrophages by existing methods. Recently, through continuous attempts and improvements, the efficiency of genetically engineered macrophages has been significantly improved. We herein introduce several transfection methods which are currently used in macrophages and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, potential applications of genetically engineered macrophages in treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases and anti-graft rejection are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an increasing incidence rate，ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammation of the colon causing diarrhea and blood in the stool. Existing studies have shown that oxidative stress is an important factor leading to UC, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) has a certain effect on relieving UC symptoms. To improve its bioavailability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was self-assembled into nanoparticles (ΔSOD) by heating it. The activity, transmembrane capacity and radical scavenging capacity of ΔSOD were significantly better than those of native SOD. ΔSOD liposomes (L-ΔSOD) were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation and orally administered to mice with UC. The results showed that compared with the positive control and model groups, L-ΔSOD significantly ameliorated UC, reduced disease activity index (DAI) score, restored the morphology of colon tissue, increased the length of colon, reduced the density of colon and spleen coefficient, and restored the integrity of mucosal epithelium. Besides, L-ΔSOD could reduce the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory factors in colon tissue and increase the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and tight junction protein mRNA expression. These results confirmed that oral L-ΔSOD has a good ameliorative effect on UC, which will lay the foundation for the application of SOD in promoting human health.

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Cinnamaldehyde was encapsulated in the liposome. Methods: Cinnamaldehyde was selected as the research object and the cinnamaldehyde liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection method. The effects of phospholipid concentration, ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol, ratio of phospholipid to cinnamaldehyde and injection velocity on the encapsulation efficiency, particle size and polydispersity index （PDI） of cinnamaldehyde liposomes were investigated, and the process was optimized by response surface method with the encapsulation efficiency as the index. Results: The optimum preparation conditions of cinnamaldehyde liposomes were as follows: the phospholipid concentration was 2.69 mg/mL, the ratio of phospholipid to cinnamaldehyde was 6.73, and the ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol was 5.79. Under the control of these conditions, the encapsulation efficiency of cinnamaldehyde liposome was 82.37%, and the particle size and zeta potential were 113.89 nm, and -29.07 mV, respectively. After 4 weeks of storage at 4 ℃, it still has a high encapsulation efficiency and good stability. Conclusion: Cinnamaldehyde liposomes with small particle size, high encapsulation efficiency and stable properties could be prepared by ethanol injection method.

Taking acetyl hexapeptide-8 liposome as the research object, the enzymatic resistance, sustained release ability, skin penetration ability, the efficacy on human skin and the safety thereof, were studied by in vitro and in vivo methods. The results showed that, in an in vitro enzymatic environment simulated by skin extracts, acetyl hexapeptide-8 liposome was resistant to the enzymatic degradation, which was better than acetyl hexapeptide-8. In the in vitro environment of normal saline, acetyl hexapeptide-8 liposome had sustained release ability, which was better than acetyl hexapeptide-8. According to the observation of in vitro animal skin, the skin penetration of acetyl hexapeptide-8 liposome was better than that of acetyl hexapeptide-8. The effects of acetyl hexapeptide-8 liposome emulsion in anti-wrinkling and increasing the water content of stratum corneum were significantly better than that of the acetyl hexapeptide-8 emulsion with the same peptide content. Acetyl hexapeptide-8 liposome was safe, and it could be an active ingredient for anti-wrinkle and moisturizing skin care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

脂质体具有双亲性、靶向性、可控性、保护性等优良性质,但普通脂质体所含的胆固醇易引起高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化等病症，从而导致其在应用方面受到极大的限制。将植物甾醇替代胆固醇添加到脂质体中可降低血液中胆固醇浓度，调节脂质体的通透性、稳定性等性质。综述了植物甾醇对脂质体的作用及国内外含植物甾醇的脂质体在包埋脂类、抗氧化剂、维生素、多肽、蛋白质等方面的研究，以期为植物甾醇添加到脂质体中的研究提供思路和依据。 Liposomes have excellent properties such as amphiphilicity, targeting, controllability and protection. However, the cholesterol contained in common liposomes is prone to cause hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and other diseases, which leads to great limitations in its application. The addition of phytosterols to liposomes as a substitute for cholesterol can reduce the concentration of cholesterol in blood and regulate the permeability, stability and other properties of liposomes. The effects of phytosterols on liposomes and the research progress on encapsulating lipids, antioxidants, vitamins, peptides and proteins in liposomes containing phytosterols at home and abroad were reviewed so as to provide ideas and basis for phytosterol added to liposomes.

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the preparation process and properties of photosensitive ROS (Reactive oxygen species) responsive rapamycin liposome, and to develop a stable and efficient stimulus-responsive liposome carrier. Methods Rapamycin liposomes were prepared by thin film dispersion method. The particle size and Zeta potential were determined by Malvern laser particle size analyzer. An assay method for rapamycin was established by HPLC. In vitro release characteristics of rapamycin liposomes were investigated by reverse dialysis after irradiation with near-infrared light. Results The particle size of rapamycin liposome was less than 200 nm and the PDI value was less than 0.200. Rapamycin showed a good linear relationship with peak area in the range of 0.2-40 μg/ml, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9995. Encapsulation rate of rapamycin liposomes was > 94.20%. The release efficiency of rapamycin liposomes reached 60% within 12 h after irradiation with 730 nm near infrared light for 5 min. Conclusion Photosensitive ROS-responsive rapamycin liposomes were successfully prepared, which had high encapsulation rate and stimulation response efficiency in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering is the property of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To prepare CREKA peptide-modified docetaxel (DTX) loaded liposomes (CREKA-lipo-DTX) and to evaluate their targeted binding ability and anti-proliferative activity in vitro. Methods Firstly, Michael addition reaction was used to synthesize the targeted part DSPE-PEG2000-CREKA, and then CREKA-lipo-DTX was prepared by thin film hydration-ultrasound method, and its basic characterization was evaluated. Both PC-3 cells and RWPE-1 cells were divided into 3 groups respectively (n=3): blank control group, PEG-lipo-DiI group and CREKA-lipo-DiI group. After co-incubation with the cells, the cellular uptake of liposomes was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry respectively, so as to evaluate the targeting effect of CREKA modified vector on PC-3 cells. The cellular uptake of liposomes was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. The anti-proliferative activity of CREKA-lipo-DTX was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-PI apoptosis detection kit on blank control group, free DTX group, PEG-lipo-DiI group and CREKA-PEG-DiI group of PC-3 cells. Results CREKA-lipo-DTX was successfully prepared, with an average particle size of 130.37±1.44 nm, and encapsulation rate of (91.93±4.64)%. The obtained drug carrier had good stability and showed good slow-release behavior in vitro. The results of laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis indicated that the uptake of CREKA-modified liposomes by PC-3 cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05) when compared with the unmodified liposome group (PEG-lipo-DiI), while no such difference was seen in RWPE-1 cells (P>0.05). In vitro anti-tumor experimental results suggested that enhanced killing effect of DTX on PC-3 cells and significantly increased numbers of early and late apoptotic PC-3 cells were observed in the CREKA-lipo-DTX group when compared with the free DTX and PEG-lipo -DTX groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion A high-efficiency and low-toxicity lipoid drug delivery system with long cycle and tumor specific targeting characteristics has been successfully prepared, which can specifically target PC-3 cells in vitro, and thus can improve the anti-tumor effect of the carrier in vitro.

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nanomaterials, with the advantages of unique microstructure, have been widely used in the fields of material manufacturing, microelectronics and computer technology, medicine and health, environment and energy. Compared with traditional hemostatic materials, nanomaterials can improve the bioavailability and stability of traditional hemostatic drugs to a certain extent, enhance the controlled and targeted release of drugs, which lay a good foundation for the development of new-style modern hemostatic nanomaterials. This paper reviews the advanced design and application progress of various nanomaterials in hemostasis, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, self-assembled nano peptides, nanofibers, etc. Finally, the challenges and prospects of hemostatic nanomaterials are briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To prepare the cell-penetrating peptide Penetratin-modified liposome (Pen-Lip) for ophthalmic application and evaluate its applicability to treat fundus neovascularization diseases through topical instillation. Methods. The copolymer DSPE-PEG2000-Pen was synthesized by the addition reaction of DSPE-PEG2000-Mal and Penetratin, and Pen-Lip was then prepared by the thin film dispersion method. The cellular uptake experiment was used to determine the optimal ratio of Penetratin to modify liposomes. The average particle size, Zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) of Pen- Lip were characterized by the nano particle size potentiometer, and the morphology of Pen-Lip was observed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading of Pen-Lip with conbercept were determined by centrifugation. Pen-lip was incubated in the PBS or the PBS containing 50% fetal bovine serum for 48 h and the stability of Pen-Lip was investigated by the change of particle size and the morphology under TEM. The CCK-8 assay was conducted to detect the cytotoxicity of Pen-Lip to human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) and human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19), and the uptake of Pen-Lip by ARPE-19 was observed by using laser confocal microscope. The diffusion cell device was used to detect the permeability of Pen-Lip through the isolated rabbit cornea, and the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was calculated. The toxicity of Pen-Lip with conbercept to the corneal tissue was evaluated by the hydration value. Results. The optimal ratio of Penetratin to modify liposomes was 3%. The average particle size of Pen-Lip was (148.07±3.51) nm, the Zeta potential was (5.66±0.91) mV, and the PDI was 0.227±0.045. TEM results showed that Pen-Lip had a smooth spherical structure. The encapsulation efficiency of Pen-Lip was (44.06±3.70) %, and the drug loading was (2.84±0.24) %. The particle size of Pen-Lip did not change significantly and TEM showed uniform dispersion after dispersing in the PBS or the PBS containing 50% fetal bovine serum for 48 h, exhibiting the good stability of Pen-Lip. When Pen-Lip was at the concentration of 15-500 μg/mL, Pen-Lip had no cytotoxicity to HCEC and ARPE-19. Compared with unmodified liposomes, ARPE-19 cells had significantly higher uptake of Pen-Lip (P=0.000). In the experiment of rabbit cornea penetration in vitro, the Papp of Pen-Lip was significantly higher than that of unmodified liposomes (P=0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in the hydration value of the rabbit cornea treated with drug-loaded Pen-Lip compared to the untreatd group (P> 0.05). Conclusion. Pen-Lip has good stability, biocompatibility and corneal permeability in vitro and can be taken up by retinal cells, which is a potential ocular drug delivery system to treat fundus neovascularization diseases through topical instillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the therapeutic effect of hybrid exosomes loaded with sinomenine(SIN) obtained by membrane fusion of milk exosomes with liposomes in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rats. Exosomes were isolated from fresh bovine milk by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, while liposomes were prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation-low temperature curing method. Hybrid exosomes were characterized after membrane fusion through co-incubation: The morphology was detected by transmission electron microscopy, the particle size and potential by nanoparticle size potentiostat, and the expressions of surface characteristic proteins CD63 and TSG101 before and after fusion by Western blot(WB). The drug loading capacity and encapsulation rate of sinomenine were measured after the loading of sinomenine on exosomes by ultrasonic method. The CIA rat model was induced by collagen antibody. The efficacy experiment consisted of the control group, model group, SIN group, SIN-liposome group, SIN-milk exosome group, SIN-hybrid exosome group and positive drug(dexamethasone) group. The changes in body mass of rats during administration were recorded. Besides, the foot swelling, immune organ index, arthritis index, microcirculation index, synovial histopathology, and serum inflammatory factor levels detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were observed for pharmacodynamical study. Under transmission electron microscopy, both hybrid exosomes and milk exosomes showed saucer-like appearance. After co-incubation, the exosome particle size increased from(97.92±3.42)nm to(132.70±4.07)nm, and the Zeta potential changed from(-2.01±0.33)mV to(-17.90±2.13)mV. WB assay showed that CD63 and TSG101 proteins were normally expressed in milk exosomes and hybrid exosomes. The encapsulation rate of milk exosomes was 31.64%±2.48%, with a drug loading of 2.35%±0.52%, while the hybrid exosomes exhibited an encapsulation rate of 48.21%±3.12% and drug loading of 3.17%±0.36%, as determined by the microplate reader. Pharmacodynamic results showed that compared with the model group, the general condition, swelling degree of foot, arthritis index and immune organ index of all drug administration groups were significantly improved(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01); microvascular comprehensive score and vascular resistance were significantly decreased(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01); serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 inflammatory factors were significantly decreased(P&lt;0.01); and the lesions of synovial tissue were improved to some extent. Meanwhile, compared with the SIN group, SIN-liposome group and SIN-milk exosome group, the SIN-hybrid exosome group had a more stable and durable drug effect. The hybrid exosomes obtained by co-incubation of milk-derived exosomes with liposomes successfully improved the drug carrying capacity of exosomes and biocompatibility of liposomes. The hybrid exosomes loaded with sinomenine have good efficacy on CIA model rats, and can effectively solve the problems of TCM such as sinomenine, which have good efficacy but short biological half-life. The study provides new insights for the development of TCM and the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Regulating the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) is an essential strategy to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. This study is based on the EMT process of retinoblastoma and constructs quercetin(QUE) and doxorubicin(DOX) co-loaded liposome(QD Lipo) to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of combined QUE and DOX treatment on retinoblastoma. Single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize the prescription process of QD Lipo. Eventually, spherical particles with a diameter of(108.87±1.93) nm, a PDI of 0.13±0.02, and a Zeta potential of(-34.83±1.92) mV were obtained. The encapsulation rates of QUE and DOX were 96.20%±4.40% and 91.17%±4.41%, respectively. Y79 human retinoblastoma cells were used as an in vitro cellular model, and confocal microscopy demonstrated that QD Lipo could enhance Y79 uptake efficiency. The CCK-8 assay confirmed that the optimal combination therapy effect of QUE and DOX occurred at a mass ratio of 1∶1 to 1∶2. Flow cytometry showed that QD Lipo enhanced the induction of apoptosis in Y79 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that QD Lipo significantly reduced the expression of EMT pathway-related proteins vimentin and α-SMA. Fluorescence assays detected a significant decrease in ROS levels in Y79 cells after treatment with QD. These results indicated that liposomal co-delivery of QUE and DOX can enhance drug delivery efficiency to retinoblastoma cells, inhibit the EMT process in retinoblastoma by downregulating ROS levels, and enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX against retinoblastoma.

Objective　To study the immunogenicity of the tetravalent influenza vaccine modified by cationic liposome DC-Chol. Methods　DC-Chol liposomes were prepared by thin film dispersion-freeze-thaw- freezedrying method，and the encapsulation rate was determined. The mice were divided into seven groups，DC-Chol liposome vaccine group （250 µg/mouse，500 µg/mouse，750 µg/mouse，900 µg/mouse），PBS group，vaccine stock solution group，neutral liposome group （n = 3）Determine the optimal dose of DC-Chol liposomes by MTT method. The mice were divided into 4 groups，DC-Chol liposome group，vaccine stock solution group，neutral liposome group and PBS control group. Mice were immunized through the peritoneum and sacrificed on the 7，14， and 28 days. The proliferation of mouse lymphocytes was detected by MTT method and T lymphocyte surface labeling experiment to study its immunogenicity. Results　The MTT experiment showed that the optimal dose of DC-Chol modified liposomes was 500 µg/rat （P < 0.05）; T lymphocyte surface labeling experiments showed that DC-Chol cationic liposomes significantly increased the number of splenic lymphocytes （P < 0.05）. Conclusion　Compared with neutral liposomes， DC-Chol cationic liposomes as an adjuvant of tetrovalent influenza vaccine has good immune enhancement effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective ： To synthesize a prodrug of docetaxel-palmitate (DTX-PA)，prepare it into a docetaxel palmitate lipo­some (DTX-PA-L) nano-drug delivery system and finally make preliminary evaluation of its anti-tumor activity and drug safe­ty .Methods ： The target compound of DTX-PA was synthesized by a one-step esterification method with the action of an acid binding agent and a dehydrating agent , and the structure of DTX-PA was identified by ESI-MS , 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR tech­niques .Then , i t was prepared into DTX-PA-L by thin film dispersion method , and its particle size , potential and encapsulation efficiency were characterized .The anti-tumor activity of DTX-PA-L was investigated by constructing an ICR mouse S180 ascites xenograft model .Blood routine tests were performed on the mice model to investigate the hematological toxicity of DTX -PA-L . Results ： A prodrug of DTX-PA was successfully synthesized , and the prepared DTX-PA-L was a translucent liquid with particle size of (110 .66士0 .75) nm，zeta potential of ( -30 .79士 1 .51) mV，and entrapment efficiency of (95 .77士0 .35)% .Pharmaco­dynamic study and blood routine tests showed that DTX-PA-L had a significant synergistic and toxicity-reducing effect com­pared with the positive drug docetaxel injection (Taxotere) .Conclusion ： The DTX-PA-L nano-drug delivery system synthesized by one-step esterification method and prepared by membrane dispersion method has unique advantages in reducing toxicity and improving anti-tumor effect .The study provides a new approach for the development of docetaxel preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimuli-responsive liposomes, a novel type of nanocarriers, have been widely used in the fields of medicine, food, and cosmetics. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the preparation methods, construction strategies, and biological applications of stimuli-responsive liposomes. The review highlights the functional principles of pH-sensitive, redox-sensitive, enzyme-sensitive, heat-sensitive, light-sensitive, and magnetic field-responsive liposomes, and summarizes their applications based on various drug delivery mode. Finally, the article provides an overview of the current challenges and future development prospects for stimuli-responsive liposomes.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the assay of palmitul 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate (PDSS) in liposomes.Methods The separation was performed with an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (4.6 mm×200 mm,5 μm) at room temperature.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-aqueous solution (500 ml water + 0.1 ml triethylamine + 0.1 ml formic acid,pH=6-7) (50:50) with the flow rate of 1 ml/min.Zidovudine palmitate was detected at 280 nm.Results PDSS had a good linear recovery between 0.05-0.45 mg/ml.The intra-day and inter-day RSD were <2%.The extracted recovery was in the range of 96% to 102%.The assay results for three batches were 97.81%,101.20% and 98.53%. Conclusion This method is simple,accurate and reliable.It can be used for the determination of PDSS in liposomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the regulation of mi R-483-3 p on CD44 and the treatment of mi R-483-3 p in EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) by liposome drug delivery system. Methods: CD44 was found to be one of the target genes of mi R-483-3 p in the database, and was verified structurally and functionally. In the EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)-resistant model of NSCLC, the expression of CD44 which was detected from gene and protein levels in the resistant and sensitive models. In the xenograft model of HCC827 GR, mi R-483-3 p was delivered for treatment by the liposomeprotamine-DNA(LPD) drug delivery system to observe the growth of tumor. Results: Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System and Western Blot showed that CD44 was one of the target genes of mi R-483-3 p, and CD44 was abnormally highly expressed in the EGFR-TKI resistant model in vitro and in vivo(P<0.05). The LPD-mi RNA-DSPE-PEG prepared by the liposome drug-loading system met the requirements of intravenous administration, Size: 66.93 ±21 nm, Zeta potential: 8.7 ±2 m V, Polydispersity Index: 0.1, which could inhibit the growth of HCC827 GR-xenograft-model after delivery of mi R-483-3 p by LPD-mi RNA-DSPE-PEG(P<0.05).Conclusions: CD44 is one of the target genes of mi R-483-3 p and is highly expressed in the resistant model. The liposome drug delivery system about mi R-483-3 p can inhibit the growth of EGFR-TKI resistant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: As a receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF), P75 neurotrophin receptor (P75NTR) can mediate distinct signaling pathways in different cells, but the regulatory effect in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells has not been studied yet. Liposome and lentivirus-mediated single-gene transfection cell technology have matured, but the differences in mediating double gene transfection have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To construct the overexpression plasmid and lentiviral vector of rat P75NTR and NGF, and to compare the effect and practicability of transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by lipofection and lentivirus infection in order to select the best experimental solution according to different experimental requirements in the future. METHODS: The gene primers of rat P75NTR and NGF were designed. Genomic DNA was extracted for PCR amplification, and GV358-P75NTR and GV492-NGF overexpression plasmids were constructed by recombinant plasmid vector, transfected into 293T cells, and ultracentrifuged by lentiviral vector to collect target genes. The lentivirus was expressed and the titer of the virus sample was determined. The rat primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro, and one group was co-transfected with plasmid GV358-P75NTR and GV492-NGF with liposome Lipo3000, and the other group was treated with lentivirus. Negative control group and blank control group were set at the same time. The transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were routinely cultured. The expression of red and green fluorescence was observed under fluorescence microscope on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12, and the expression of P75NTR and NGF proteins was detected by western blot. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were digested and subcultured on day 7 after transfection. The expression of red and green fluorescence was observed by fluorescence microscope on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12, and the expression of P75NTR and NGF proteins was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The GV358-P75NTR and GV492-NGF overexpression plasmids and lentivirus were constructed in accordance with the experimental design. For the abundance of red-green fluorescence in the microscope field, the liposome co-transfection group increased at first and then decreased; the lentivirus co-transfection group continued to increase; and the lentivirus co-transfection group was higher than the liposome co-transfection group at each time point. In the liposome co-transfection group, the fluorescence expression of the subcultured cells after transfection was lower than that of the non-subcultured cells, and the lentivirus co-transfection group showed no changes. The expression of P75NTR and NGF proteins in the lentiviral infection group was significantly higher than that in the liposome group at each time point. The expression levels of P75NTR and NGF proteins in the two target gene transfection groups were significantly higher than those in the negative control group and blank group. Both P75NTR and NGF genes could be transfected into rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via liposome and lentivirus co-transfection. Compared with lentivirus-mediated double gene transfection, liposome-mediated double gene transfection is a relatively simple method that has lower dependency to experimental equipment and lower cost. However, the infection efficiency is significantly lower than that of lentivirus-mediated double gene transfection. The target gene continues to express after lentivirus-mediated double gene transfection, and no gene loss occurs after subculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the humoral and cellular immunity effects of liposome lyophilized powder prepared from different dilutions of rabies vaccine solution, to screen for the optimal dilution. Methods The rabies vaccine solution was diluted to 40 IU/mL, 30 IU/mL, 25 IU/mL, 20 IU/mL, 15 IU/mL, 10 IU/mL and 5IU/ml respectively then made with freeze- thaw- drying method into the vaccine liposome freeze- dried powder. Mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection after reconstitution. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and ELISA assay was used to detect mice body fluid concentration of RV- IgG, to screen for the optimal dilution. Re s ults Compared with the solution group (P＜0.05), when diluted to 15 IU/mL or less, there is a higher stimulus index SI (1.3313 ± 0.1082), which can stimulate the body to produce a higher level of cellular immunity and is capable of stimulating the body to produce more RV- IgG antibody (31.84 ± 2.09 IU/mL) in the early immunization. Conclusions Rabies vaccine liposome prepared by dilution of vaccine stocks to 15 IU/ml provides the best cellular and humoral immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)