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Objective In the geological survey for Guiyang urban rail transit projects, karst is a common unfavorable geological condition and also the top geological issue to be confronted. However, the current survey mode of karst problems does not match the demand of Guiyang urban rail transit construction. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a karst survey mode applicable for urban rail transit construction in karst mountainous city. Method Starting from the karst hazards, the technical means, normative constrains and the actual experience from Guiyang City about karst survey are summarized and analyzed. It is then clearly pointed out that the current karst survey mode with “engineering geological mapping first, engineering drilling as the main method, engineering geophysical prospecting as the secondary method” is formed in the course of history, the situation where the contradiction between high resolution requirements and low resolution levels of the karst survey method becomes the principal one in current mountain karst survey for rail transit is discussed. Result & Conclusion Starting from the main contradiction in the current karst survey, and based on the development of technical means in karst survey and specific case analysis, it is concluded through research that the above-mentioned karst survey mode will inevitably evolve into a new survey mode of “starting from engineering needs and guided by geological thinking, with geological mapping first, ground geophysical survey, drilling and borehole geophysical prospecting as supplement and verification, featuring multi-method integration”.

Objective The maximum slope of the mountain gear rail line can reach 250‰. As the sliding force generated by the component of the gravity is much greater than the maximum friction force between wheel and rail, relying solely on the conventional wheel and rail braking system can not restrain the vehicle sliding when the vehicle runs on the maximum slope of the mountain gear rail line. Special gear rail braking device, which uses the gear rack engagement mode to brake the gear rail wheel directly, is needed to break the friction limit between the steel wheel and rail and provide greater braking force for the mountain gear rail vehicle running on the big slope. Analysis of the new brake performance is helpful to ensure the safety of the gear rail vehicle operation. Method The characteristics of the current special gear rail braking system for gear rail train in China and abroad are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing gear rail braking devices are summarized. According to the space and interface dimensions of the gear rail bogie, combined with the characteristics of the aircraft brake, a special brake for multi-friction disc gear rail on super large slope is designed, and its composition and performance are introduced. Theoretical calculation and finite element simulation are used to analyze the performance and component strength of the new brake, as well as its temperature changes under three worst working conditions. Result & Conclusion The new brake has good braking performance, and its highest temperature is lower than the bearing limit of the brake material in the worst working conditions. It can meet the braking requirements of the gear rail train under different braking conditions at maximum gradient (250‰).

Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most common causes of low back and leg pain. However, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, this guideline strictly followed the relevant guiding principles for the development of guidelines both domestically and internationally. A multidisciplinary working group was established. We adopted the GRADE approach to grade the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation. Finally recommendations on the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine were formed, aiming to standardize clinical practice. This guideline is for patients with all degrees of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Background The effective evaluation of scientific and technological achievements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is of great significance in promoting the innovative development of TCM. Previous evaluations of scientific and technological achievements in TCM often used a generalized evaluation method, leading to problems such as inappropriate indicators and limited dimensions, which is not conducive to reflecting the multiple values of achievements in a scientific and comprehensive way. Consequently, there is an urgent need to establish categorized and multi-dimensional evaluation index system for the evaluation of scientific and technological achievements in TCM in the new period. Objective To establish a scientific, categorized, reliable and comprehensive evaluation index system that reflects the principles of TCM and highlights its unique advantages aiming at the scientific and technological achievements in TCM, in accordance with the contemporary requirements for scientific and technological evaluation in China. Methods This study began in November 2022 and was completed in May 2023. A preliminary index framework was developed through literature review and focus group discussions. Delphi expert consultation was then conducted over two rounds to determine the evaluation indexes and points. The hierarchical analysis method was used to calculate the weight of each index. Results The final evaluation index system of scientific and technological achievements in TCM clinical research comprised 10 threshold indicators, 4 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 17 evaluation points. After testing, the positive coefficient of experts in both rounds of Delphi method implementation was 100%, the authority coefficient was 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. The Kendall's W consistency test for each level of indicators yielded two-tailed significance (P

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of intracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. Methods and Results A total of 32 patients with complex intracranial aneurysms who were hospitalized for treatment at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2015 to December 2023 were included. Surgical methods included in-situ bypass, reimplantation, reanastomosis and bypass with interposition graft. For middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms (n = 16), there were 5 cases of in-situ bypass, one case of reimplantation, 3 cases of reanastomosis, and 7 cases of bypass with interposition graft. For anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms (n = 8), there were 5 cases of in-situ bypass and 3 cases of reimplantation. For anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms (n = 2), both cases were in-situ bypass. For posterior circulation aneurysms (n = 6), there were 3 cases of in-situ bypass, 2 cases of reanastomosis, and one case of bypass with interposition graft. The intraoperative graft vessels patency rate was 100%. Among the 23 patients who participated in follow-up imaging for more than 6 months postoperatively, no obvious recurrence was indicated by imaging. Among the 28 patients who participated in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) follow-up, there was one case of 5, 5 cases of 3, 2 cases of 2, one case of 1, and 19 cases of 0. Postoperative hemorrhagic complications occurred in 3 cases (9.37%), and ischemic complications occurred in 10 cases (31.25%), with no patients requiring unplanned secondary surgery for complication treatment. Conclusions Intracranial-intracranial bypass has good efficacy and safety for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms and has unique advantages in the microsurgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms.

With the promotion of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, the social’s concern and demand for the treatment of coal gasification slag is becoming more and more urgent. Based on previous research, this paper introduces the main sources and discharge methods of coal gasification slag, and compares the properties and characteristics of coarse and fine slag in terms of morphology, particle size composition, mineral phase, chemical composition, etc, which providing a theoretical basis for the realization of its “reduction, resourcefulness and harmlessness” utilization. According to the obvious differences in properties between coarse slag and fine slag in entrained-flow gasification, this paper explores the different resource treatment methods both of them, and analyzes the limitations of the current utilization methods. Coarse slag has excellent hydration activity and volcanic ash activity, and is widely used in mine backfilling, roadbed filling, cement and concrete aggregate, ceramic materials, wall materials and other low-value utilization fields, but there are problems such as the risk of heavy metal leaching and low economic benefits. Fine slag contains rich carbon residue, and gravity separation and flotation are mainly used for combustible recovery and ash separation. However, the high fine-grained content reduces the precision of gravity separation, and the complex carbon-ash combination morphology increases the difficulty of flotation recovery. At the same time, the pore structure of fine slag is developed, with a specific surface area as high as 258.29 m2/g and certain adsorption capacity. Fine slag has great application potential in fields such as soil improvement, catalyst carrier, chemical raw materials, ceramic materials, adsorption materials, etc. But the complex high-value treatment process and high cost make industrial applications more difficult. In order to address these problems, it is necessary to explore the way of combing large-scale elimination with high-value utilization based on the physical and chemical properties of coal gasification slag, and realize the classified and graded resource utilization of coal gasification slag. It is necessary to explore the treatment method of on-site solution of coal gasification slag, combined with field production practice, which benefits to reduce the transportation cost. As well as the induction of physical and chemical properties to improve the treatment in the process of its generation.

In order to reveal the response relationship between the neutrons and void height of steel-shell concrete composite structures，and establish a new quantitative detection method for the void height，based on the principle of fast neutron moderation and neutron scattering，an indoor equivalent concrete physical simulation method was used to construct a void model and conduct tests in this paper. Univariate regression analysis was carried out on the tests data，and it was found that there was a significant linear correlation between the thermal neutron count rate and the steel plate thickness，concrete moisture content and void height in the steel-shell concrete composite structure. The calibration relationship between the void height of steel-shell concrete and the thermal neutron count rate was further established，and the verification test was carried out. The results show that the error between the concrete void height value calculated by the calibration relationship and the actual void height value is small，the two have good consistency，the thermal neutrons generated by the action of fast neutrons penetrated through the steel plate and concrete can be used to quantitatively calculate the void height of the steel-shell concrete composite structure，the neutron method can solve the problem of inaccurate quantification in current detection.

In order to enhance the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) effect of curcumin, a novel class of halogenated curcumin derivatives X-cur (X = F, Cl or Br) was synthesized and screened for its potential for PDI by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, singlet oxygen (1O2) generation capacity and theoretical calculations of excited states. The results demonstrated that as the relative molecular mass of the nonmetallic heavy atom halogen increased, the spin-spin coupling effect was gradually strengthened, so the smallest energy level difference (ΔEst(S1-T3)) between singlet excited state (S1) and triplet excited state (T3) (0.140 eV) and the highest spin-orbit coupling value (0.642 262 cm-1) were observed in Br-cur. This finding suggested that Br-cur was most likely to undergo transition into triplet state through intersystem crossing. Furthermore, compared to curcumin and other halogenated curcumins, Br-cur exhibited the smallest energy level difference (3.260 eV) between its S1 and ground state (S0) . Due to the aforementioned factors, Br-cur was highly prone to photooxidation and had the highest 1O2 generation capacity. Br-cur had a PDI effect on Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a prevalent foodborne pathogen in aquatic products, which depended on its concentration and light exposure duration and was significantly higher than that of curcumin. Thus, Br-cur has great potential for application as a novel PDI agent.

旨在寻找油茶果最佳采后处理方式，为其后续研究奠定基础，采用液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS/MS）对油茶果采后不同处理〔不处理（F8）、堆沤处理（FC）、去壳摊晒（NS）、带壳摊晒（WS）〕10、30 d种仁代谢物进行测定，并用相关软件对代谢产物进行分析。结果表明：鉴定出1 107种特征代谢物，其中正离子模式和负离子模式下鉴定的代谢物数量分别为763种和344种，代谢物主要为脂类和类脂分子（277种），苯丙烷类和聚酮类（193种），有机酸及其衍生物（172种），类苯（97种），有机杂环化合物（94种），有机氧化合物（84种），核苷、核苷酸和类似物（33种）；通过比较差异代谢物不饱和脂肪酸发现，去壳摊晒处理30 d（NS2） vs 10 d（NS1）比较组中检测到亚油酸、顺式-9-十六碳烯酸、8（9）-环氧-5Z，11Z，14Z-二十碳三烯酸、亚麻酸、蓖麻油酸、9,10-环氧十八碳烯酸共6种不饱和脂肪酸，且都表达上调；对差异代谢物进行富集分析发现，主要参与的代谢途径有苯丙氨酸代谢、类黄酮生物合成、甘油磷脂代谢、甘油酯代谢、玉米素生物合成、植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢、氨基酸的生物合成、次生代谢产物的生物合成。综上，油茶果采后最佳处理方式为去壳摊晒30 d。In order to find the optimal postharvest treatment of Camellia oleifera fruit, and lay the foundation for subsequent research, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the metabolites of the kernels of different postharvest treatments of Camellia oleifera fruit 〔without treatment （F8）, composting treatment（FC） , sun dried without shell （NS）, and sun dried with shell（WS）〕 for 10 d and 30 d, and relevant software was used to analyze the metabolites. The results showed that a total of 1 107 characteristic metabolites were identified, with 763 and 344 metabolites identified in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The main metabolites were lipids and lipid-like molecules( 277 kinds), phenylpropanoids and polykettides (193 kinds), organic acids and derivatives(172 kinds), benzenoids (97 kinds), organoheterocyclic compounds (94 kinds), organic oxygen compounds (84 kinds), nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues(33 kinds). By comparison of the unsaturated fatty acid of differential metabolites, six unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid, cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, 8 (9) - epoxy-5Z, 11Z, 14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, linolenic acid, ricinolic acid, 9,10-epoxy-octadecenoic acid, were detected in 30 d (NS2) and 10 d (NS1) of the sun dried without shell treatment, and their expressions were up-regulated. The enrichment analysis of differential metabolites results showed that the main metabolic pathways included phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, glycerol ester metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, plant secondary metabolites biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Overall, the best postharvest treatment of Camellia oleifera fruit is sun dried without shell treatment for 30 d.

Abstract [Objective] The diurnal variation characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of greenhouse grape varieties in Hotan area were investigated, and their photosynthetic capacity was comprehensively evaluated, in order to provide reference for the introduction and cultivation management of greenhouse grapes in this area. [Methods] Six grape varieties were introduced into Hotan greenhouse as materials. The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of each variety were analyzed, and the principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the ability of each grape variety. [Results] (1) The PAR levels of greenhouse in different positions were in the order: Before the shed>behind the shed>middle of the shed, while the overall performance in different trellis was in the order: On the trellis>middle of the trellis>under the trellis. (2) The SPAD values of grape leaves on different trellis were in the order: on the trellis>middle of the trellis>under the trellis, while the order from high to low among varieties: ‘Crimson Seedless’, ‘Summer Black’, ‘Xinyu’, ‘Hutai 8’, ‘Sunshine Muscat’, and ‘Queen Nina’. (3) The diurnal variation of Pn, Gs, and Tr of each variety showed a bimodal curve, and the diurnal variation of Ci showed a U-shaped and W-shaped variation. Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm generally showed a downward trend and then an upward trend. (4) The photosynthetic capacity of the six grape varieties was in the order: ‘Crimson Seedless’ >‘Summer Black’ >‘Sunshine Muscat’ >‘Xinyu’ > ‘Hutai 8’ >‘Queen Nina’. [Conclusion] ‘Crimson Seedless’ and ‘Summer Black’ have higher Pn, Gs, Tr, Fo, Fm and lower Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm, which are able to adapt to the Hotan environment of high temperature and high light intensity.

Oolong tea was highly favored by consumers for its rich aroma. However, there was significant loss of fragrance in Oolong tea products during processing and storage, urgently necessitating the development of corresponding technologies to stabilize aroma molecules. Addressing this, this study investigated the stabilization of aroma compounds in Rougui Oolong tea. Employing spinning cone column distillation, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were extracted from the tea. The effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on inhibiting the aromatic loss of these extracted VOCs during storage was assessed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Results showed that after 7, 21, and 42 days of storage at room temperature (25 ℃), the samples treated with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (experimental group) consistently contained significantly higher quantities of VOCs compared to the untreated controls (P

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a major mediating role in gut microbiota regulation of host metabolism and are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which improves glycemic, body weight, and lipid indices in T2DM patients. Although it has been suggested that SCFAs are expected to be novel therapeutic targets for T2DM, no review has been conducted. Therefore, this paper summarizes the biological properties of SCFAs, discusses the evidence that SCFAs regulate appetite, inflammation, pancreatic β-cells, lipid metabolism and hepatic glycogen metabolism, further clarifies the progress of research on regulating the role of SCFAs in T2DM and their mechanisms, and explores the potential of regulating SCFAs for the treatment of T2DM.

目的 探讨颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉端侧吻合术中不同临时阻断技术的效果及可靠性。 方法 回顾性分析2015年1月—2023年4月南方医科大学南方医院神经外科收治的接受直接搭桥术治疗的烟雾病患者资料，根据临时阻断策略的不同将患者分为3组：①有垫片、多阻断夹阻断组（multi-clips+rubber pad group，M+R组）；②无垫片、多阻断夹阻断组（multi-clips group，M组）；③无垫片、单阻断夹阻断组（single-clip group，S组）。比较组间临时阻断时间、受体动脉切开后有无渗血、术中穿支血管损伤以及术后新发脑梗死情况。 结果 共355例患者、360个大脑半球纳入分析，按大脑半球统计患者360例，其中男性188例，女性172例，平均年龄为（43.8±0.7）岁。其中M+R组45例，M组191例，S组124例。3组平均阻断时间：M+R组为（37.9±9.8）min，M组为（20.9±9.0）min，S组为（11.0±3.5）min，组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。阻断后受体动脉管腔内渗血以及术中穿支血管损伤发生率：M+R组为8.89%（阻断后受体动脉渗血4例），M组为14.66%（阻断后受体动脉渗血19例，术中穿支血管损伤8例，临时阻断部位有血栓形成1例），S组为5.65%（阻断后受体动脉渗血7例），组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后新发脑梗死发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 单阻断夹阻断策略安全、有效，能显著缩短临时阻断时间，可以优先考虑作为颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉端侧吻合过程中的临时阻断策略。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects and reliability of different temporary occlusion techniques in end-to-side anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients with Moyamoya disease who underwent direct bypass surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from January 2015 to April 2023. The patients were divided into three groups according to the different temporary occlusion strategies: ①multi-clips+rubber pad group (M+R group); ②multi-clips group (M group); and ③single-clip group (S group). Temporary occlusion time, presence of errhysis after recipient artery incision, intraoperative perforator vessel injury, and postoperative novel cerebral infarction were compared among the three groups. Results A total of 355 patients and 360 cerebral hemispheres were included in the analysis, and 360 patients were counted according to the number of cerebral hemispheres, including 188 males and 172 females, with an average age of (43.8±0.7) years. There were 45 cases in the M+R group, 191 cases in the M group, and 124 cases in the S group. The average occlusion time were (37.9±9.8) minutes in the M+R group, (20.9±9.0) minutes in the M group, and (11.0±3.5) minutes in the S group, with significant differences between the groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of novel cerebral infarctions postoperatively (P>0.05). Conclusions The single-clip occlusion strategy is safe and effective, which significantly shortens the temporary occlusion time, and should be prioritized as the temporary occlusion technique in end-to-side anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery.

Objective To construct prediction models for moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia （BPD） in extremely preterm infants at different days after birth. Methods The preterm infants with BPD at a gestational age of < 28 weeks at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively selected. They were divided into the mild-BPD group and moderate/severe-BPD group. The significant variables screened by using single-factor analysis were subject to risk assessment analysis by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Early prediction models were established， and the predictive performance was validated and evaluated. Results Ninety extremely preterm infants were included in this study， including 58 cases （64.4%） in the mild-BPD group and 32 cases （35.6%） in the moderate/severe-BPD group. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed birth weight， maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （BMI） ≥ 25 kg/m2， 1-minute Apgar score≤7 after birth and pneumonia were the influencing factors for moderate/severe BPD at 7 days after birth. Preeclampsia， maternal pre-pregnancy BMI≥25 kg/m2， pneumonia and hsPDA were the risk factors for moderate/severe BPD at 14 days postnatal age. Preeclampsia， maternal pre-pregnancy BMI≥25 kg/m2， days of invasive mechanical ventilation and hsPDA were the risk factors for moderate/severe BPD at 28 days after birth. The area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve of the prediction models for 7， 14 and 28 days after birth were 0.864 （95% CI 0.776-0.952）， 0.860 （95% CI 0.774-0.946） and 0.863 （95% CI 0.783-0.944）， respectively. A nomogram was constructed based on high risk factors， the calibrated curve was close to the reference line， and the predicted value was close to the actual value， indicating good calibration of the model. Conclusions The risk factors for moderate/severe BPD in preterm infants vary slightly on 7， 14 and 28 days after birth， mainly the birth weight， maternal pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2， 1-minute Apgar score≤7， pneumonia， preeclampsia， hsPDA and days of invasive mechanical ventilation. The predictive models based on different factors at different time points have good predictive value， which can provide guidance for clinical practice.

A digital monitoring system for underground drilling in coal mines has been designed to address issues such as difficulty in measuring borehole bottom engineering parameters, insufficient accuracy and completeness of drilling data, and inadequate application of drilling data fusion. The system consists of a data source layer, a virtual model layer, a data processing layer, and a drilling service layer. The data source layer provides data support for the virtual model layer, which generates new data through simulation analysis and feeds it back to the data source layer. After receiving the data provided by the data source layer and the virtual model layer, the data processing layer performs data cleaning, transformation, and merging processes. The drilling service layer provides data display, query, analysis, alarm and other services to users at different levels through permission settings on the backend data management end. Drilling data is divided into pre drilling data (data obtained based on drilling design information and construction plans before drilling construction), real-time data (including parameters monitored by drilling process equipment and drilling site videos), and delayed data (parameters collected by drilling measurement devices at the bottom of the hole) according to temporal features. A data processing flow is designed for these three types of drilling data, and a system communication network architecture consisting of an access layer, a convergence layer, and a core layer is established. The engineering practice results show that the system has achieved the collection, transmission, display, and dynamic management of underground drilling construction data in coal mines. It meets the needs of monitoring and data management during the drilling construction process, and has good real-time and accuracy. This system provides technical support for intelligent construction and refined management of underground drilling in coal mines.

Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to determine the flavor components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) from 10 different geographical origins including Xinhui. To establish a method for the identification of Xinhui Chenpi, the 75 identified flavor components were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that the proposed method could distinguish Xinhui Chenpi from those from other regions. Meanwhile, by analyzing the variable importance in projection (VIP), we selected 20 key characteristic markers to distinguish Xinhui Chenpi from other Chenpi. In conclusion, the combined application of GC-IMS and PLS-DA allows the accurate identification of Xinhui Chenpi, providing a new technical reference for the protection and origin tracing of Xinhui Chenpi as a national geographical indication product in China.

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the preparation process of blueberry juice and improve its antioxidant activity. Methods: Blueberry juice was prepared using a wet ultrafine grinding process and compound enzymolysis method. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters and analyze the antioxidant activity of blueberry juice. Results: There were significant differences in the juice yield and active substance content of blueberry juice under different solid-liquid ratios, crushing times, compound enzyme contents, and enzymatic hydrolysis times, with enzymatic hydrolysis time having the most significant impact on juice yield and anthocyanin content. The optimal process parameters for the wet ultrafine grinding process and compound enzymolysis method are solid-liquid ratio of 1∶1.7 (g/g), pulverization time of 8.00 min, compound enzyme content of 0.15%, and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 127 min. Under the control of these process conditions, the blueberry juice yield was 87.89%, with the contents of anthocyanin, total flavonoid and total phenol were 612.04 mg/L, 2.96 g/L and 3.43 g/L, respectively, and its antioxidant capacity was equivalent to 0.3% vitamin C when the addition amount is 1.6 mL. Conclusion: The wet ultrafine grinding process and compound enzymolysis method can improve the juice yield of blueberry juice, maximize the retention of its active substances, and enhance its antioxidant capacity.

To gain a profound understanding of the current status and future trends in the comprehensive prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion, this paper comprehensively reviews stages and research progress in the aspects of “monitoring and early warning, prevention technology, and emergency rescue”. The following future research aspects are proposed: utilizing advanced technologies such as comprehensive multivariate statistical analysis, the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, and artificial intelligence to enhance the accuracy of coal spontaneous combustion prediction and forecasting. This involves constructing an intelligent, proactive warning, and situational judgment mechanism to achieve intelligent prediction, forecasting, and proactive warning systems. Through the comprehensive application of interdisciplinary research methods, gaining in-depth insights into the spontaneous combustion mechanism, innovative fire-resistant materials, and the development of new microbial technologies, theses make the technology of spontaneous combustion prevention and control of coal present a trend of in-depth research and multiple innovation. Under the framework of an efficient, collaborative, and intelligent rescue mechanism, the emergency rescue for coal spontaneous combustion is advancing towards a more intelligent and information-oriented direction. The goal is to promote the intelligent advancement of the coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control level.

Hydration status refers to the balance between the intake and discharge of water in the body. When the ingested and discharged water are roughly equal and the body is in water balance, it is the normal hydration status, and when the water intake is too little or too much, it is the "dehydration" or "overhydration status". The hydration status of the body not only affects metabolism, but also affects the functions of the urinary system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, etc. In order to further clarify the relationship between body hydration status and decompression sickness (DCS), this paper reviewed relevant studies and analyzed the interaction between hydration and decompression safety during diving. The primary causes of dehydration in diving are "hyperbaric diuresis", "immersion diuresis", breathing dry gas, heat, and cold. Dehydration not only promotes the occurrence of DCS but also reduces the aerobic work efficiency and athletic performance of divers, as well as affects cognition and mood. A study found that appropriate rehydration before and during diving can reduce the risk of DCS, which possibly associates with the increase of blood volume, plasma surface tension, and vasoconstriction. Fluid therapy is also important for those who already have DCS. This paper analyzed the amount, nature, timing, and effect of rehydration involved in the above links, comprehensively sorted out the relationship between hydration and diving safety, summarized the existing problems, and provided reference for practical application and future research.

Aquaculture tailwater with excessive phosphorous can easily lead to eutrophication of receiving water body. The existing treatment methods have disadvantages such as secondary pollution, high cost, and poor stability. Biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for phosphorus removal has been extensively studied, while basic data on the treatment of actual aquaculture tailwaters using biochar are lacking. Herein, four biochars, i.e., wood biochar(WBC), vancomycin fermentation residue biochar(VBC), eel manure biochar(MBC), and seawater-modified wood biochar(SBC), were prepared. Meanwhile, the phosphorus removal effects on three actual aquaculture tailwaters (freshwater, concentrated and marine tailwaters) were investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of total phosphorus by the biochars increased with the increase of dosage. Among them, SBC exhibited the best adsorption performance, followed by VBC. WBC was less capable of removing phosphorus, while MBC could not adsorb but even release phosphorus. The adsorption of phosphate in three tailwaters by SBC reached equilibrium at 30-60 min with the removal rate of 76.78%-93.07%, while the removal rate of organic phosphorus was as low as 14%-17%. The kinetic data for different forms of phosphorus could be well fitted by the pseudo-second-order. The adsorption mechanism of phosphate by SBC primarily included ligand exchange and chemical precipitation. This study is expected to provide guidance for the treatment of actual phosphorus-containing wastewater by biochars and promotes biochars and modified biochars from basic research to practical application.

In order to solve the problems of low separation efficiency and high energy consumption in the industrial wastewater treatment, a combined system of mechanical vapor recompression and hollow fiber vacuum membrane distillation was constructed. The operational characteristics of the coupled system were investigated, and experimental studies were conducted on the evaporation of ammonium chloride solution under different feed conditions and long-term operation. The results indicated that as ammonium chloride mass concentration, feed temperature, feed flow rate and vacuum side pressure were 5%, 75 ℃, 10 m3/h and 24 kPa, the freshwater production ratio, freshwater conductivity, separation efficiency and specific heating energy consumption(SHEC) were obtained as 45.9 kg/h, 11.9 μS/cm, 99.9% and 118.5 kW·h/t. In addition, the increase of ammonium chloride mass concentration decreased the freshwater production ratio and increased the SHEC, while the increase of feed temperature and feed flow rate increased the freshwater production ratio and decreased the SHEC. After 240 h of long term operation, membrane fouling did not significantly affect the freshwater quality, but reduced the freshwater production ratio. The water production rate was restored to 96.1% of the original through membrane cleaning. The system can separate the ammonia chloride solution with high efficiency and has a broad application prospect.

To make advanced treatment of wastewater from butadiene-based PA66 salt production, the research of ozone catalyst was conducted, and a combined process of high-efficiency sedimentation+pre-ozone catalytic oxidation+two-stage pre-denitrification+post-ozone catalytic oxidation was introduced. The results showed that the treatment effect of the whole process was in a relatively stable condition. The effluent with COD≤40 mg/L, NH3-N≤2 mg/L, and TN≤5 mg/L was better than first class A effluent index of Pollutant Emission Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants(GB 18918-2002). In the process of bacterial culture, post-ozone catalytic oxidation had NH3-N removal rate of 81.1% and TN removal rate of 63.7%, showing great performance in NH3-N and TN removal. Meanwhile, pre-ozone catalytic oxidation had a better performance in COD removal, and the mass ratio between ozone consumption and COD removal was 1.64∶1. The operating cost of the whole process for treating wastewater from PA66 salt producted by butadiene was 4.86 yuan/t. The whole process was cost-effective compared to deep treatment project. It provides reference for similar wastewater treatment.

To enhance the sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and durance of electrospray mass spectrometer, an off-axis ion guide combining a traveling-wave (TW) stacked-ring and a shaped ion funnel has been designed, which is capable of filtering out the neutral contaminants and charged droplets entrained in the electrospray plume. According to its structural characteristics, the corresponding TW and radio frequency (RF) coupling power supply and measurement as well as control system were designed. Customizable Ethernet communication protocol was used to control the field-programmable logic gate array (FPGA) for full-circuit signal control and generation, and an 8-channel traveling-wave amplitude monitoring was achieved through a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a 16-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC). In addition, dual-plane transformer coupling circuit was designed. The use of traveling wave changed the central reference frame of the RF, achieving the purpose of programmed RF and the effect of TW in the stacked-ring to provide axial kinetic energy. The stability and accuracy of the electrical parameters of the hardware system on the off-axis transmission structure were tested. The results showed that the controllable voltage range of TW power supply is 0.1-100 V and the controlled DC power supply’s full range detection and control absolute error are less than 0.04 V. The frequency of TW up to 400 kHz, both rising edge and falling edge are less than 30 ns. Furthermore, the waveforms of TW, RF and post-coupling waveform are sufficiently smooth. The test results also showed that the performance of the power supply and measurement and control system are stable and reliable, and their accuracy and range can satisfy the design requirements. Then, the performance of off-axis structure was tested under rough vacuum using reserpine ions. It was found that the reference voltage difference between the upper and lower traveling-waves (the voltage which the ions were extracted), the voltage of the upper traveling-waves, and the traveling-wave duty cycle of the off-axis ion transmitter have more significant effects on the off-axis transmission of ions than other electrical parameters. The experimental results provide a fundamental understanding of ion transport and off-axis separation of traveling-wave stacked-ring structures, which is valuable for the development of high signal-to-noise mass spectrometry system. In the future, this novel traveling-wave off-axis transmitter and its coupling power supply system will be applied to homemade mass spectrometry instruments. Besides, we will compare the developed device with the mainstream ion transmission devices in the market so as to further improve the device structure and power supply parameters, and deeply explore the role of traveling-wave off-axis transmitter in different ionization sources and different detectors.

The aflatoxin produced by peanut mildew is highly carcinogenic, and it seriously affects food safety. In order to accurately and quickly identify moldy peanuts, this project proposes a detection method for moldy peanuts based on machine vision. Firstly, the peanut image was double-sided filtering and noise reduction, and then the image was converted to HSV space. The moldy peanut was recognized and detected by superimposing the mold color range extracted in H and S space and the open processing results of V space. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of this method for moldy peanuts reached 95.3%, and the processing time for a single frame of peanut image was 0.6 seconds. Compared with other algorithms, this method had the advantages of fast speed and high accuracy, which can meet the real-time detection of moldy peanuts. At the same time, the grading processing of peanut mold is also more practical.

"Objective To explore the value of whole brain CT perfusion (CTP) imaging parameters and serum MMP-9 level in predicting hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after endovascular therapy of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 46 patients with ACI who underwent endovascular stent mechanical thrombectomy in Wuhan No.1 Hospital from June 2021 to September 2022. Routine CT plain scan, CTP, and serum MMP-9 examination were performed before endovascular treatment, and the symmetrical site ratio between the affected side and the unaffected side of CTP was calculated to obtain the relative parameter values: relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative mean transit time (rMTT), relative time to peak (rTTP) and relative permeability surface (rPS). According to whether the CT images re-examined within 7 days of treatment had HT, the patients were divided into HT group and non-HT group. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of HT with CTP parameters and serum MMP-9 level, and to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the two indexes on HT after endovascular treatment of ACI. Results Of the 46 patients, HT occurred in 12 patients and non-HT in 34 patients. Compared with non-HT group, rCBV and rCBF decreased,while rPS, PS, rTTP and MMP-9 increased in HT group (P＜0.05). However, there was no statistically significance of rMTT between the two groups (P＞0.05). rPS, PS, rTTP and MMP-9 were positively correlated with HT (P＜0.01), and rCBV and rCBF were negatively correlated with HT (P＜0.01), respectively.Among them, MMP-9 was most strongly correlated with HT (r=0.752,P＜0.01), followed by rPS (r=0.664,P＜0.01). The area under curve (AUC) of rCBV, rCBF, rTTP, PS, rPS and MMP-9 in predicting HT was 0.794, 0.755, 0.750, 0.848, 0.936 and 0.863, respectively, with rPS being the highest. Conclusion The changes in CTP parameters and the increase of serum MMP-9 level are of great significance in predicting the HT after endovascular treatment of ACI, which can provide a guidance for endovascular treatment of patients."

Objective With the annual increase of pilgrim flow in Mecca, the throughput capacity of Makkah Metro Pink Line (simplified as Mecca light rail) operation plan during peak hours is saturated. Therefore, it is aimed to explore the optimization effect of virtual formation technology on the operational mode of Mecca light rail during peak hours, targeting at improving its throughput capacity. Method In the research process, an operation plan is constructed through in-depth analysis of departure intervals and sequencing. Five operational modes, denoted as A to E, are adopted for different hours. With the objective of maximizing the total number of trains operated during peak hours (operational mode C), the optimal operation plan is obtained using timetable cycle analysis method. Result & Conclusion Research results indicate that the operation plan optimized with virtual formation technology, compared to the existing plan for busy hours, can compress the departure intervals of some trains, thereby improving the timetable cycle and consequently enhancing throughput capacity. The application of virtual formation technology allows for the operation of 144 pairs of trains during busy hours (about 5 hours), demonstrating a relative increase of 9.1% in throughput capacity compared to the original mode of 132 pairs. The practical significance of the research lies in providing a realistic and feasible solution for enhancing the throughput capacity and service level of Mecca light rail.

In this study, the prepared dish Kung Pao Chicken with soy protein artificial meat (SPAM-KPC) was developed to satisfy the higher demand for nutritious healthy and diversified convence food, and the changes in storage quality of SPAM-KPC at different storage temperatures (4, 25 and 37 ℃) were compared. The shelf life prediction model of the SPAM-KPC was established based on the total number of bacteria as the key quality factor affecting the shelf life of the product. The results showed that the total colony count of SPAM-KPC samples stored at three temperatures for 15 days increased from 0.67 lg(CFU/g) to 2.73, 3.37 and 4.33 lg(CFU/g), respectively. While pH (from 6.22 to 5.88, 5.87, 5.69) and sensory scores (from 25.12 to 22.67, 19.52, 16.84) gradually decreased, as well as hardness and springiness decreased. The shelf life of SPAM-KPC products at three storage temperatures was 28, 20 and 17 days, respectively. According to the findings, low-temperature storage at 4 ℃ was the best storage temperature for SPAM-KPC products. This work could provide a theoretical reference for the application of plant-based protein meat in the field of prepared dishes processing.

Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of phenolic extracts of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. on obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: The intervention involved administering polyphenol extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight per day to mice on a high-fat diet. The mice were orally gavaged continuously for 4 weeks, and various parameters such as body weight, liver index, histomorphological changes in white fat and liver tissues, serum biochemical markers, organ antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function were examined. Results: In comparison to control group (CON), the MODEL group (MODEL) exhibited significantly (P

Honey is rich in nutrients and has a wide range of biological activities. However, due to the different botanical origins, geographical origins, entomological origins, and maturity, honey shows significant differences in their endogenous compositions and nutritional values. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are closely related to the characteristic properties of honey, and can be used to characterize the differences between honey. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS) is a new technology which combines gas chromatography with ion mobility spectroscopy for the determination of VOCs. In recent years, GC-IMS has been gradually applied to entomological origins identification, geographical origin tracing, botanical origin differentiation, adulteration identification and maturity evaluation of honey, and has achieved good results, showing great application potential in honey quality evaluation. In this paper, the application research progress of GC-IMS for honey quality evaluation is summarized. It is suggested that future research should be carried out from the aspects of establishing honey GC-IMS database, developing GC-IMS equipment with fusion quantitative function, developing the technical standard of quality evaluation based on GC-IMS, and using GC-IMS in combination with other detection technologies，in order to provide reference for the application of GC-IMS for honey quality control, flavor research and product development.

Falls are the important causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Although clinical staff have paid attention to the management of falls, adherence to fall interventions is not satisfactory, resulting in the high incidence of fall. Understanding the older adults' own perception of fall risk from their perspective may be the key to fall prevention, especially active fall prevention. In this paper, we reviewed the concept of fall risk perception, behavioral consequences and influencing factors of fall risk perception in older adults from the perspective of "the first person responsible for health", and found that there are fewer studies on fall risk perception in older adults at home and abroad, the conceptual connotation still needs to be further explored. Subjective perceptions of fall risk in older adults can lead to different patterns of fall risk coping behaviors that influence fall risk. The influencing factors of fall risk perception mainly focus on the emotional psychology, physiological conditions, social culture, and physical environment, with the influencing process through subjective cognition. Empirical studies can be used to further validate the psychological cognitive mechanisms of fall risk perception in conjunction with the risk perception formation process in the future, in order to provide empirical evidence for proactive fall prevention.

Silica/solution-polymerized butadiene-styrene rubber (SSBR)/natural rubber (NR) compo-sites were prepared by mechanical mixing method with silane coupling agent, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (Si 69) and 3-mercaptopropyl-ethyoxyl-di(tridecyl-pentamethoxy)-silane (Si 747), as modifier and the effect of types and addtion amounts of silane coupling agent on the microstructure, curing characteristics, processing performance, physical and mechanical performance, dynamic mechanical properties, tire performance, and the relationship between structure and performance of the composite. The results showed that compared with the composite just only modified by Si 69, the incorporation of Si 747 resulted in the scorch time and optimum curing time of the composite shorten signi-ficantly, and the curing rate improved gradually with the increase in the addition amount of Si 747; the synergistic modification of Si 69 and Si 747 made the physical and mechanical properties, tensile strength, resilience and modulus at 300% of the composite all reduced; when the addition amount of Si 747 increased, the apparent activation energy which was used to characterize the temperature dependence of storage modulus of the composite reduced gradually; the dispersion of silica in the composite improved significantly after the addition of Si 747; the loss factor (tan δ) of the composite modified by Si 747 alone at 0 ℃ increased significantly and tan δ at 60 ℃ decreased significantly; the rolling resistance of the tire improved gradually with the increase in the addition amount of Si 747.

To solve the problem that the poor accuracy of long-term prediction relying on model accuracy for the filter-based prediction method, a fusion fault prediction algorithm based on filter and long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed to achieve the prediction of spacecraft flywheel slowly growing faults. Firstly, a mini-batch normalization LSTM network and a trend recognition module are designed, which are connected in series to form a neural network predictor to improve the time series prediction accuracy. Then, the Kalman filter update process is improved by the recursive least square (RLS) parameter estimation principle to enhance the robustness for time series prediction error. On this basis, the predicted values output by the neural network predictor are fused with the improved filter. Prediction residual can be obtained for iterative updating and prediction, overcoming the dependence of the filter algorithm on the model and improving prediction accuracy. Finally, the time series predictive performance of three neural network predictors are analyzed by simulation experiments. And considering the degradation fault of flywheel bearing performance, the proposed fusion prediction algorithm is used to determine that the flywheel degrades to a threshold at 856 s, with a prediction time error of 36 s. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for slowly growing fault.

Using genetically modified (GM) soybean MON87705 containing the figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter (FMV 35S) as a marker gene, a quantitative method for detecting transgenic crops was established based on real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR). The amplification system was tested by real-time PCR, revealing that the developed method was highly specific to FMV 35S. By determining quantitative parameters using duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), it was found that within the genomic DNA concentration range of 0.005–20 ng/mL, the measured copy number of the target gene had a good linear correlation with the theoretical copy number; the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of dPCR for FMV 35S were as low as 5 copies and 0.1%, respectively. Blind samples with different contents of MON87705 were tested on two dPCR platforms, indicating that accurate, reliable and reproducible results were obtained in the duplex and triple detection using a combination of internal reference genes and foreign specific fragments. Therefore, the quantitative dPCR method, which can meet the parameter requirements of the quantitative detection standard for genetically modified components with improved detection efficiency, represents an accurate and simple technology for the quantitative detection of genetically modified crops.

Objective: To explore the potential biological activity of flavonoid components in Chinese olive (Canarium album Raeusch.), and the differences in flavonoid components among different germplasm resources of Chinese olive. Methods: The bioactive flavonoid components were identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, and the accumulation levels of flavonoid components in the germplasm resources were studied by metabolomics. Results: A total of 44 flavonoid components were identified, and 18 potential bioactive flavonoids and 180 targets for them were selected through the TCMSP database, drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. Luteolin, quercetin, catechin and epicatechin were found to be important components that could potentially affect the pharmacological activity of Chinese olive. The 35 key targets identified based on the connectivity between flavonoid components and their targets were enriched in 348 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 136 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathways, involving pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory function, blood glucose regulation, and liver protection. Through molecular docking and visual analysis, stable combinations between the selected bioactive flavonoid components of Chinese olive and the key targets were found. Conclusion: The integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology can provide a scientific basis for exploring the medicinal value of Chinese olive. Flavonoids of Chinese olive exert various pharmacological activities through a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism.

This study systematically investigated the impact of covalent binding of tannic acid (TA) to different proteins on protein structure and the stability of a nanoemulsion of Perilla essential oil (PEO). Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the nanoemulsion was assessed. The interactions between TA and various proteins were explored using fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing that TA exhibited the most binding sites (n = 1.65) to whey protein isolate (WPI), forming a stable protein-TA complex. The emulsion prepared using TA had high stability. One-factor-at-a-time experiments showed that the emulsion prepared under the conditions of 675 W ultrasonic power and an oil-to-water ratio of 1:9 had the smallest droplet size of (292.3 ± 1.96) nm, a relatively high absolute zeta potential value of (–62.5 ± 0.29) mV, and the highest PEO encapsulation efficiency of (74.51 ± 0.35)%. The interaction between WPI-TA complex and PEO could stabilize the structure of the emulsion, and the emulsion maintained high stability at 4 ℃ for 28 days. Furthermore, emulsion encapsulation significantly reduced the loss of PEO, with the loss of PEO in the emulsion being only one-third of that of the pure essential oil under the same conditions. This study provides new ideas for future research on the synthesis of protein-polyphenol complexes and the encapsulation of volatile substances, laying a foundation for expanding the application of nanoemulsion in the food industry.

Objective To investigate the causes of abnormal decrease in maximum amplitude(MA) of thromboelastography(TEG) and its effect on prognosis by monitoring the changes of coagulation-related indexes in emergency trauma patients. Methods A total of 319 cases of trauma patients admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and the coagulation-related indexes of 0 h and 24 h after admission were observed. According to the MA results, they were divided into normal MA group(>50 mm) and reduced MA group(≤50 mm) to compare the hemoglobin(Hb), platelets count(Plt), activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), prothrombin time(PT), fibrinogen(Fib), thrombin time(TT), D-dimer(D-D), coagulation reaction time(R), clot formation kinetics(Angle), 30 min clot dissolution rate(Ly30), MA, thrombine-antithrombin complex(TAT) and plasminase-α2 plasminase inhibitor complex(PIC). The correlation between MA and fibrinolysis indexes in 319 trauma patients was analyzed. According to whether tranexamic acid(TXA) was used, the reduced MA group was divided into a TXA group and a non-drug group. The differences in the change of the above coagulation-related indexes, mortality rate and changes in blood product dosage were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the normal MA group, Hb, Plt, Fib, diastolic blood pressure and GCS scores decreased, while heart rate, ISS score and mortality increased significantly in the reduced MA group(P0.05). The mortality rate in the TXA group was reduced significantly(P

Coal chemical industry is one of the economic pillars of China. Coal gasification slag and gasification wastewater are the wastes produced in the process of coal gasification, and the current treatment is too simple and causes great pollution to the environment. In this paper, microemulsion was used as the capture agent for flotation of coal gasification fine slag, and the physicochemical properties of residual charcoal were analysed by means of industrial analyser, FTIR, BET, SEM, XRD, Raman, XPS and other means of characterization, and the electrochemical properties of the residual charcoal were analysed by means of CV, EIS test, and the electrochemical properties and stability of the residual charcoal as a particle electrode in the three-dimensional electrochemical system were examined, and the feasibility of using it as a The feasibility of the residual carbon as a particle electrode was investigated, and the mechanism of ammonia nitrogen removal by the residual carbon particle electrode was proposed to be analysed. The results show that the flotation residual carbon has a high specific surface area, and the pore structure is dominated by mesopores. In addition, some of the carbon in the residual carbon exhibits a certain degree of electrical conductivity due to graphitization, which provides a basis for its electrochemical applications. In addition, the residual carbon particles electrocatalytic system had lower electrical resistance, which was conducive to accelerating the charge transfer rate. The three-dimensional electrocatalytic system of residual carbon particles had 19.82% higher ammonia nitrogen removal rate than the two-dimensional electrocatalytic system under the same conditions of ammonia nitrogen wastewater degradation, and it has certain catalytic ability.In the residual charcoal particle electrode cycling test, the residual charcoal particles were reused for five times, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen only decreased by 5.3%, and this result shows that the residual charcoal particle electrode has good stability. In this paper, a novel particle electrode material in a three-dimensional electrocatalytic system is developed, and through systematic characterisation and performance evaluation, it is demonstrated that the residual charcoal particle electrode of gasification slag has great potential in improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment. The development of residual charcoal particle electrode provides a new idea for the resourceful utilisation of gasification slag, and also provides a new method for wastewater degradation treatment technology.

To address the challenges of high grinding force and poor processing quality in grinding zirconia ceramics with traditional grinding wheels, this study explores the use of leaf vein bionic fractal textured diamond grinding wheels. These wheels, designed with fractal angles of 30.0°, 45.0°, and 60.0°, leverage the leaf vein bionic fractal texture's capabilities in reducing drag, guiding flow, heat dissipation, and mass transfer. The effects of the original grinding wheel and the three types of bionic fractal grinding wheels on the surface roughness (Ra), grinding force, and grinding force ratio of zirconia ceramics were compared and analyzed. The results show that the bionic fractal grinding wheels outperform the original grinding wheel. Specifically, compared to the original grinding wheel, the normal grinding force of the bionic fractal grinding wheel is reduced by 12.7% to 55.8%, and the tangential grinding force is reduced by 8.1% to 40.3%. The bionic fractal grinding wheels have not obvious effects on the surface roughness Ra. When the fractal angle is 30.0°, the minimum grinding force ratio is 1.4 to 3.0, and the minimum surface roughness Ra is 1.824 μm.

[Objective] In the new phase of industrialization and urbanization in China, resource-depleted cities are facing various development challenges. Taking the characteristics of resource-dependent cities as a starting point, this study, using Hegang City as an example, proposed a method for identifying inefficient spaces to address typical spatial issues in resource-depleted cities. [Methods] Through a literature review, this study systematically identified a series of spatial issues faced by resource-depleted cities. Based on the actual situation in Hegang City, problems related to mining subsidence areas, urban vacant land, spatial disorder areas, and abandoned buildings were recognized. Building upon existing data, this study introduced innovative deep learning models for automatic detection that identify urban vacant land, spatial disorder areas, and abandoned buildings. [Results] This study employed the DeepLab V3 and SegNet models to generate a dataset of inefficient spaces in Hegang City. The identification results were refined through field surveys. The research visualized the distribution of mining subsidence areas, urban vacant land, spatial disorder areas, and abandoned buildings within the city. [Conclusion] The practical application in Hegang City demonstrated that the research methods are capable of efficiently, quickly, and accurately identifying inefficient spaces at the city scale. This provides an effective technical support for the identification of inefficient spaces in resource-depleted cities. However, there is still room for improvement in the definition of the objects being identified and in the technical details of the proposed research methods, necessitating further research for enhancement.

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to investigate the soil seed bank and seedling regeneration characteristics of Amygdalus ledebouriana in Xinjiang, and to explore the limiting factors affecting the population regeneration of A . ledebouriana. [Methods] A . ledebouriana in the Ta􀆳e Basin of Xinjiang was used as the research object, and the soil seed bank and seedling regeneration were studied by means of field plot investigation, soil sample collection, and seedling number and grade statistics under the mother plant. [Results] (1) The average density of seeds in the soil seed bank of A . ledebouriana was 96.45 m2. The complete seed density of the Tuoli population was the highest, and the density of seeds eaten by the Yumin population was the highest, while the insect-eaten seeds only appeared in the Tacheng population. (2) The seeds of A . ledebouriana were mainly distributed in the litter layer, accounting for 56.29% of the total seeds, S2 (0-5 cm) soil layer accounted for 29.07%, and S3 (5-10 cm) soil layer accounted for 14.65%. The horizontal diffusion distance of soil seeds was proportional to the slope of A . ledebouriana. (3) No seedlings were found in the investigated A . ledebouriana seedlings. Grade Ⅰ seedlings accounted for 51.12% of the total number of seedlings. A . ledebouriana seedlings were concentrated in the range of 50 cm from the base of the mother plant. [Conclusion] The distribution characteristics of soil seed bank of A . ledebouriana is near the mother plant and the surface, and the characteristics of seedling regeneration is also near the mother plant distribution. Under natural conditions, gnawed seeds, insect-infested seeds, and niche loss are the main reasons why A . ledebouriana seedlings cannot germinate and the regeneration of seedlings is limited.

目的 探讨心脑血管疾病的发病状况和气象因素之间的关系，运用机器学习方法预测心脑血管疾病发病风险等级，为疾病防控提供科学依据。 方法 以贵州省疾病预防控制中心提供的心脑血管疾病患者为研究对象，通过相关性分析确定模型的预测因子，分别基于支持向量机、极端梯度提升、轻量级梯度提升机、随机森林这4种机器学习模型构建心脑血管疾病发病风险的预测模型。将纳入患者以8∶2的比例分为训练集和测试集。训练集用于模型训练和参数优化，测试集用于评价模型效果。主要以准确率来评价各模型的预测效果。 结果 本研究共纳入60岁以上心脑血管疾病患者16 383例，其中女性6507例，且日发病例数表现为不平衡数据，其中诊断类型包括急性心肌梗死、卒中、心绞痛、心源性猝死。日发病例数与气压、气温、湿度3大类26种气象因素存在相关性，与气压、相对湿度呈正相关，与气温呈负相关。采用GridSearchCV函数找出最优权重的配比后，使用机器学习方法构建模型，并通过测试集验证输出模型指标参数。轻量级梯度提升机模型在预测任务中表现最佳，准确率达到85.68%，精确率为82.56%，召回率为85.68%，F1分数为79.56%（均P＜0.05）。心脑血管疾病患者发病前72 h气温的INP值为63 814，是影响日发病例数最重要的气象因素，排名第2和第3的是发病前48 h气温和发病前24 h气温，对应INP值分别为62 002、43 216。 结论 基于机器学习方法建立的心脑血管疾病发病预测模型具有较高的预测价值，其中轻量级梯度提升机模型的预测效果最好。 Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and meteorological factors, and to predict the incidence risk levels of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases using machine learning methods, with the aim of providing the scientific basis for disease prevention and control. Methods Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, whose information were provided by the Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, were selected as subjects. The predictive factors of the model were determined through correlation analysis, and the prediction models for the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were constructed based on four machine learning models: support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and random forest. The included patients were divided into the training set and the testing set in the ratio of 8∶2. The training set was used for model training and parameter optimization, and the testing set was used to evaluate the effect of the model. The predictive performance of each model was mainly evaluated by accuracy. Results A total of 16 383 patients over 60 years of age with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were included in this study, including 6507 women. The number of daily cases was unbalanced, in which the diagnostic types included acute myocardial infarction, stroke, angina pectoris, and sudden cardiac death. The number of daily cases was correlated with 26 meteorological factors in 3 categories including air pressure, air temperature, and humidity, and was positively correlated with air pressure and relative humidity, but negatively correlated with air temperature. The GridSearchCV function was used to find the optimal weight ratio, the machine learning method was used to construct the model, and the output model index parameters were verified through the testing set. The light gradient boosting machine model performed best in the prediction task, with an accuracy of 85.68%, a precision of 82.56%, a recall of 85.68%, and the F1 score was 79.56% (all P

As new energy sources such as solar and wind energy develop rapidly, energy storage will usher in explosive growth owing to its ability to solve the problems of intermittent power generation. Vanadium redox flow battery has the characteristics of intrinsic safety, excellent lifecycle economical efficiency, and environmental friendliness, and is ready for industrial application; therefore, such battery becomes increasingly important in the field of energy storage. This study analyzes the development trend of the vanadium redox flow battery. Considering the unit vanadium consumption of the vanadium redox flow battery, it predicts the demand trend of vanadium resources in the energy storage field under three scenarios: high-speed, reference, and low-speed development. The demand for vanadium resources will increase rapidly in the future, especially under the high-growth scenario, and the global demand for vanadium resources in 2040 will increase by 276?338 times compared with that in 2021. With the rapid development of vanadium redox flow batteries, vanadium resources will be in short supply in the future. In view of the above situations, countermeasures for ensuring the supply of vanadium resources are proposed: (1) promoting technological research regarding vanadium redox flow batteries; (2) strengthening the geological exploration of vanadium mines to explore new vanadium resources; (3) innovating the methods and technologies for extracting vanadium from vanadium-titanium magnetite to improve the utilization efficiency of vanadium resources; (4) increasing the recycling of vanadium resources; and (5) emphasizing the layout and development of overseas vanadium-titanium magnetite.

The rubidium clock，as the core part of the Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system，mainly provides high-precision time reference signals. Its accuracy will directly affect the performance of the Beidou system. The high abundance isotope rubidium 87 is the core working material of rubidium clocks. Its abundance is an important factor affecting the accuracy of atomic clocks. The high-abundance rubidium-87 isotopes required for the separation of rubidium bells in the United States and Russia，two major isotope producing countries，use electromagnetic separation technology. At present，the production of rubidium 87 isotopes for electromagnetic isotope separation in China can only meet a small portion of the demand. With the arrival of the 5G era，the demand for high abundance rubidium isotopes in fields such as aerospace and chip clocks has significantly increased. It will further increase the gap in domestic rubidium isotopes. It is expected that the demand for rubidium 87 will reach several hundred grams to several kilograms per year in the future. By analyzing the current development status of the quantum time-frequency field and understanding the demand of rubidium clocks for rubidium 87 isotopes in the quantum time-frequency field，it provides guidance for the industrial development and ideas of electromagnetic separation and preparation of rubidium isotopes in the future.Promoting the industrial development of rubidium 87 isotope separation and preparation as soon as possible. Through technological breakthroughs and large-scale construction，separation efficiency can be improved and production costs can be reduced. This will provide important guarantees for the autonomous control of rubidium 87 isotopes.

Objective To investigate the intrinsic neural mechanism of aggressive behavior in CD1 mice. Methods CD1 mice with aggressive behavior were screened out by resident intruder test. After the aggressive conditioned pair preference was further verified, the activated brain regions of the whole brain were labeled with c-Fos, and the types of neurons activated by the aggressive behavior were analyzed by double immunofluorescence labeling. Finally, the effects of activity of these neurons regulated by optogenetics on aggressive behavior were observed. Results The c-Fos screening revealed that about 82% of the CD1 mice showed aggressive behavior. After the occurrence of aggressive behavior, the main activation occured in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the results of immunofluorescence double labeling showed that the c-Fos positive neurons in the mPFC were mainly glutamatergic neurons. Finally, glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC could be activated by optogenetics, and the activation inhibited the aggressive behavior of CD1 mice. In contrast, optogenetics could inhibit glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC and then promote the aggressive behavior of CD1 mice. Conclusion Glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC are an important component in the regulation of aggressive behavior in CD1 mice.

Uranium metal and alloys can be easily oxidized by the O-containing species such as O2 and H2O, etc. in atmosphere. Furthermore, the existence of H2 may also accelerates the oxidation of uranium metal. To prevent the corrosion of these materials, many techniques, such as alloying, coating, surface recrystallization, surface modification, etc. were developed to prevent this material from oxidation. In the surface modification processes, such as ion implantation, plasma nitriding and pulsed laser nitriding, UNx(U2N3+x or UN) layers are always formed on the metal surfaces to prevent the contact of the metal surfaces with the surrounding atmospheres. Thus the compatibilities of the as-prepared UNx layers with the surrounding atmospheres, especially O2, H2O and H2 molecules there, can play important role on the corrosion resistance of the modified layers, and thus are important topics in the nuclear industry. Here the compatibilities of UNx with O2, H2O and H2 molecules are reviewed, respectively. From the previous results, it seems that the as-prepared UNx, neither U2N3+x nor UN layers can directly prevent the diffusion of O2 into the solid phase. Instead, the surface of the modified layers can be easily oxidized to form UO2 or UO2Nx layers. For a UNx layer in which x is smaller than 1, it can be oxidized to a final product of UO2. However, under environmental temperature, for a layer in which x is no less than 1, only a thin layer(about several tens of nm) of UO2 can be formed on the layer surface. Moreover, a gradient layer in which the O content gradually decreases while the N content gradually increases from the surface to the deeper layer may effectively prevent the continuous diffusion of O into the substrate, and thus the modified layer presents excellent anticorrosion property against O2. However, the modified layers can not effectively prevent the diffusion of O2 under high temperature. For the hydrolysis process, the surface UO2 layers may restrain the hydrolysis of UNx under environmental temperature. However, the hydrolysis process of UNx can be effectively accelerated under high temperature, and the gaseous products during hydrolysis vary greatly with temperature and more research are needed on this topic. A very interesting phenomena during both the oxidation and hydrolysis processes is that N-rich layers can be always found under the oxide layers after oxidation or hydrolysis, and more research is needed to uncover the mechanism of this phenomena. For the compatibility of UNx with H2, it’s concluded that H2 has little effect on the layers. However, When there are defects in the layers, H2 can easily diffuses to the interface of the modified layers and the substrates and destroy the integrity of the layers. Thus, the uniformity and integrality of the modified layers are very important for the long-term storage of uranium metal.

The genetic mechanism of congenital heart disease (CHD) is complex and currently lacks a clear understanding. Literature studies on CHD often report the presence of concurrent extracardiac anomalies, but since the majority of CHD cases are isolated, presenting only a single cardiac malformation, the etiological mechanisms remain uncertain, especially regarding the genetic aspects. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of case studies focusing on isolated CHD, resulting in a lack of comprehensive research data. Therefore, elucidating the genetic causes of isolated CHD and providing guidance for its clinical treatment holds significant research value in the field of CHD. This article reviews the known genetic causes and potential genetic mechanisms of isolated CHD, as well as provides recommendations for genetic testing in patients with isolated CHD.

Based on a large number of newly added deep well data in recent years, the subsidence of the Ordos Basin in the Mid-Late Triassic is systematically studied, and it is proposed that the Ordos Basin experienced two important subsidence events during this depositional period. Through contrastive analysis of the two stages of tectonic subsidence, including stratigraphic characteristics, lithology combination, location of catchment area and sedimentary evolution, it is proposed that both of them are responses to the Indosinian Qinling tectonic activity on the edge of the craton basin. The early subsidence occurred in the Chang 10 Member was featured by high amplitude, large debris supply and fast deposition rate, with coarse debris filling and rapid subsidence accompanied by rapid accumulation, resulting in strata thickness increasing from northeast to southwest in wedge-shape. The subsidence center was located in Huanxian–Zhenyuan–Qingyang–Zhengning areas of southwestern basin with the strata thickness of 800–1 300 m. The subsidence center deviating from the depocenter developed multiple catchment areas, until then, unified lake basin has not been formed yet. Under the combined action of subsidence and Carnian heavy rainfall event during the deposition period of Chang 7 Member, a large deep-water depression was formed with slow deposition rate, and the subsidence center coincided with the depocenter basically in the Mahuangshan–Huachi–Huangling areas. The deep-water sediments were 120–320 m thick in the subsidence center, characterized by fine grain. There are differences in the mechanism between the two stages of subsidence. The early one was the response to the northward subduction of the MianLüe Ocean and intense depression under compression in Qinling during Mid-Triassic. The later subsidence is controlled by the weak extensional tectonic environment of the post-collision stage during Late Triassic.

Investigating the moisture migration during the wood drying process can help improve wood utilization. Single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology facilitates such investigation with its advantage in conducting one-dimensional measurements along different directions of wood, allowing for the detection of moisture transfer at different depths along the axial and transverse directions during the wood drying process. This research focused on Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica wood, on which a glue sealing technique was employed to ensure that the moisture only transfers along the axial or transverse axis, and the apparent transverse relaxation time (T2app) was utilized to delve into the changes of moisture content at various depths during the drying process. The results showed that at the first 2 hours of the drying process, there was a little free water near the evaporation surface of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica wood, followed by a scarcity of free water during the drying process, and a noticeable moisture content gradient was observed near the evaporation surface. When the moisture transferred along the axial direction, the farther the moisture was away from the evaporation surface, the more uniform the moisture distribution was. When the moisture transferred along the tangential direction, the farther the moisture was away from the evaporation surface, the more obvious the moisture difference in each layer was. By single-sided NMR technology, it is possible to ascertain the moisture content of wood at various depths, thereby offering a theoretical framework for revealing the migration mechanism of water within wood.

AI painting, as a popular research direction in the field of computer vision, is expanding its application boundaries in the fields of art creation, film and media, industrial design, and art education through natural language processing, graphic pre-training models, and diffusion models. Two types of AI painting, namely, image-to-image and text-to-image, are taken as the main lines, and the representative models and their key technologies and methods are analyzed in depth. For the image-to-image, the development lineage, generation principle, and advantages and disadvantages of each model are explored from two types of models based on AE and GAN, and their effects on the public dataset are summarized. For the text-to-image, the structural differences of the three types of models based on diffusion model and other models, as well as the generation effects of various types of models on three datasets are summarized. It is pointed out that the text-to-image utilizing the diffusion model has become a hot topic nowadays, which predicts the diversified development of image generation in the future. And the current mainstream AI painting platforms are compared and summarized from the perspectives of usage and generation speed. Finally, on the basis of summarizing the problems and controversies faced by AI painting at the technical and social levels, future trends such as the complementary development of AI painting and human artists, the increased interactivity of the painting process, and the emergence of new professions and industries are envisioned.

To evaluate the degree of unsaturation of different varieties of Camellia oil, it was necessary to establish a rapid evaluation method with a narrow iodine value range (iodine value difference less than 10). In this study, a rapid quantitative prediction model for iodine value of oil in high-resolution Raman spectroscopy based on linear regression and gradient descent method was established. The Raman signals (785 nm) about 39 group of Camellia oil samples and 10 group of commercially oils were firstly collected. Then, the intensity ratio of peaks of 1656 cm−1 and 1440 cm−1 (I1656/1440) were selected through smoothing algorithm least squares smoothing filter (Savitzky-Golay), polynomial fitting and deconvolution algorithm Lorentzian. A credible model was obtained through correlation analysis with the iodine value of corresponding oil samples. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the test set of the constructed quantitative model was >0.82, the mean square error (MSE) was