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Objective The polishing effects of different compositions of chairside polishing systems on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were compared to provide a reference for the rational selection of polishing systems for this material in clinical settings. Methods A total of 108 specimens were made from ShushijieTMPEEK crown and bridge materials, Bio-PAEK® dental PEEK, and BioHPP® PEEK. Thirty-six specimens of each material were randomly divided into 6 groups on average based on their polishing technique: OptiDisc®, Super-Snap® Rainbow Technique Kit, VITA ENAMIC®Clinical Polishing Set, Sof-LexTM Diamond Polishing System, Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers, and CERAMAGE Polishing Kit, LavaTM Ultimate ceramic and VITA ENAMIC ceramics were set as the control groups, and 6 specimens were made in each material, polished by Sof-LexTM Diamond Polishing System and VITA ENAMIC® Polishing Set clinical, respectively, according to the manufacturers’ suggestions. The surface roughness (Ra value and Sa value) and gloss of each set were measured. The surface morphologies of the polished specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results Surface roughness (Ra value and Sa value) and gloss were mainly influenced by the type of polishing system, and they varied between PEEK material types. The Sof-LexTM Diamond Polishing System produced the highest surface roughness and the lowest gloss values for PEEK materials, while the Super-Snap® Rainbow Technique Kit, Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers and CERAMAGE Polishing Kit resulted in low surface roughness values. The Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers and CERAMAGE Polishing Kit exhibited high gloss values. Polishing paste particles were observed embedded on the surfaces of the PEEK materials polished by the Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers; the surfaces of specimens polished by the CERAMAGE Polishing Kit were smooth, without polishing paste particle residue. Using the same polishing system, the best polishing results were obtained with BioHPP® among the PEEK materials tested. The surface roughness values of the three tested PEEK materials polished by the CERAMAGE Polishing Kit were similar to those of the LavaTM Ultimate ceramic and VITA ENAMIC ceramic, but the gloss was higher than that of both. Conclusion CERAMAGE Polishing Kit was recommended for polishing all three tested PEEK materials, achieving a good polishing effect, with similar surface roughness and higher gloss characteristics comparable to those of polished computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-matrix ceramics.

Metabolomics reflects the endogenous metabolite changes in organisms through qualitative and quantitative detection of small molecules in biological samples, revealing the metabolic changes during disease development. Metabolomic studies of periodontitis further elucidate the etiology, diagnosis and predictive markers of periodontitis at the levels of metabolites and metabolic pathways. In this paper, the concept and research methods of metabonomics were summarized, and the current status of the metabonomics of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in the study of periodontitis was reviewed. Previous studies have shown that metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and amino acids and metabolic pathways such as glutamic acid and pyrimidine metabolism might promote the occurrence of periodontitis, and it was suggested that lactic acid, γ-amino-butyrate, butyric acid and lysophosphatidic acid might be potential diagnostic markers of periodontitis. The metabolomics study of periodontitis still faces challenges such as high heterogeneity of results and fluctuation of metabolites. In the future, its study could be optimized through multicenter prospective studies to provide fresh approaches for the etiology and diagnosis of periodontitis.

Patients with impaired quality of life associated with xerostomia need long-term treatment, and a nerve stimulator has the advantage of providing natural saliva and long-term management for patients with xerostomia by electrically stimulating the relevant secretory nerves to promote saliva production. A number of clinical trials have preliminarily demonstrated the efficacy of nerve electrical stimulation in the treatment of xerostomia. However, electrical stimulation has not yet become the mainstream treatment for xerostomia. Large prospective randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety. In addition, the design of nerve stimulators is of great significance for clinical application. The large volume and inconvenient treatment associated with the extra oral nerve stimulator and the first generation intraoral nerve stimulator hinder their clinical application and popularization. The second- and third-generation intraoral nerve stimulator devices are small, convenient to use and have great application prospects. Research on electrical nerve stimulators for xerostomia treatment is mainly concentrated in European and American countries, while there is very little domestic research. It is urgent to master the core technology for the research and development of electrical nerve stimulators. The innovation of miniaturization, efficient power supply, data feedback and packaging will be the key issues of electrical nerve stimulators in the future. In this paper, the treatment and research of electrical nerve stimulation for xerostomia are reviewed to provide a reference for related basic research and the clinical application of electrical stimulators treating xerostomia in China.

Based on the hazards of dust in the process of coal mining, transportation, storage and coal processing and utilization, as well as the economic burden brought to laborers, enterprises and the country, the application characteristics and latest research results of coal dust suppressor in recent years are discussed. The results show that the development of coal dust suppressor has gradually changed from the traditional efficiency enhanced type to the current multi-functional, multi-component, economic and environmental protection material type. Among them, microbial dust suppressor has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of coal dust suppressor with the advantages of high dust suppression efficiency, low cost and remarkable environmental protection performance.

The secret to guaranteeing roadway stability is the logical choice of parameters that sustain the roadway. Using the transportation roadway of a particular mine as the engineering model? examine the deformation and failure status of the roadway based on the analysis of the rock mass structure in response to the issue of severe deformation in high altitude breaking rock mass. The loose circular of the roadway was subjected to acoustic testing; its thickness ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 m. The roadway support s loose circle was categorized as a Class II medium loose circle. The aforementioned research served as the basis for the first estimation of the support parameters, which were then optimized using numerical simulation tools. When spray concrete is used with a thickness of 100 mm and an anchor mesh degree of 1.2 m X 1.2 m along with an anchor rod length of 1.5 m, the combined support can satisfy safety regulations. The study s findings offer a theoretical foundation for the roadway s support design in the mining region as well as design and construction guidelines for related projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to know influence factors and laws of electric field distribution with air gap defects in cable insulation, taking mine-used high-voltage XLPE cable as research object, ANSYS finite element software was used to establish cable structure model contained air gap defect. Influence of shape, size and location of the air gap and thickness of the insulating layer on electric field distribution in the air gap was simulated and studied based on theoretical analysis of relationship between shape, size and electric field strength of air gap in insulation. Results show that electric field intensity of elliptic cylinder air gap defect is the largest of four different shapes of air gap, and the larger the air gap length in direction of insulation perpendicular to the field strength, the greater the field strength in the air gap. For size of the air gap, the larger the r value, the greater the field strength at the air gap, and change of the air gap size has little influence on the field strength at the air gap. For different radius size of the air gap, the maximum electric field strength at the air gap increases first and then decreases with increasing of distance between the air gap and the conductor shield. For a given size of the air gap, the field strength in the air gap and the insulation increase accordingly with decreasing of thickness of the insulation. These conclusions lay foundation for partial discharge of air gap defects, and also provide technical guidance for cable operation and maintenance.

In order to study the influence of the angle and arrangement forms of micro-grooves on the tribological performance of the contact surface, the finite element analysis software was used to simulate the grooved textures with different angles and arrangements. The YLP-20 laser processing system was used to process grooved texture on stainless steel disk surfaces, and the Tribometer (UMT-2) was also used to conduct tribological test under the condition of rotation. The results show that the numerical simulation values are basically consistent with experimental results of grooved textures, and the tribological performance of the friction pairs with textures is also improved. The grooved textures with different angles and arrangement forms have different influence on tribological performance of friction pairs. When the friction velocity is less than 300r/min, the parallel texture with 0° has smaller friction coefficients. While the friction velocity is larger than 300r/min, the parallel texture with 90° has a better ability of reducing friction. Therefore, different grooved textures should be chosen according to operation conditions.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system, can affect the respiratory system. Pulmonary complications remain its leading cause of death, but the pathogenesis and its relationship to the severity of motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms, medication, and disease phenotype in PD have not been fully elucidated. This article reviews the advances in research on the anatomical and physiological basis, the disease itself and treatment - related respiratory disturbances to deepen the understanding of respiratory dysfunction associated with PD and to provide new insights for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The research on neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy is mostly limited to vascular endothelial growth factor, but 6-phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-diphosphatase (PFKFB3) also plays a certain role. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of PFKFB3-siRNA on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in high glucose environment. METHODS: HUVECs were divided into four groups: nonnal glucose control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), nonnal glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA group (5.5 mmol/L glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA), high glucose group {30 mmol/L glucose), high glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA group (30mmolll glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA). Western blot assay was used to detect the silencing effect of PFKFB3 expression. PFKFB3 with optimal silencing effect was selected for subsequent experiments. The tubule formation was detected by in vitro tubule formation assay. The expression of PFKFB3 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The expression of PFKFB3 and AKT protein was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PFKFB3-siRNA significantly inhibited the expression of PFKFB3 (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal glucose control group, the total length of tube formation was increased in the nonnal glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA group (P < 0.05), and was significantly decreased in the high glucose group (P < 0.01 ). There was no significant change in the total length of tube formation between normal glucose control group and high glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA group (P > 0.05). Compared with the high glucose group, the tube formation ability of the high glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal glucose control group, the mRNA and protein expression of PFKFB3 in the high glucose group were significantly increased (both P < O .Q1 ). Compared with the high glucose group, the expression of PFKFB3 protein in the high glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA group was decreased (P < 0.05}. Compared with the normal glucose control group, the ratio of p-AKT/AKT in the normal glucose+PFKFB3-siRNA group and the high glucose group was decreased (both P < 0.01}, while there was no significant difference in the ratio p-AKT/AKT protein between the high glucose group+PFKFB3-siRNA group and the normal glucose control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the high glucose group, the ratio of p-AKT/AKT protein in the high glucose+PFKFB3-si RNA group was increased {P < 0.01 ). To conclude, siRNA silencing of PFKFB3 gene expression can inhibit the expression of PFKFB3 and improve tube formation in HUVECs. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of AKT expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, based on a 4 hm2 stem mapping plot, we analyzed spatial distributions of Abies georgei var. smithii, the dominant species in forest of Sygera Mountains in southeast Tibet, China. Pair-correlation function was used to characterize univariate spatial point patterns of three size classes of the population and bivariate spatial patterns between those and different sizes of dead wood. A. georgei var. smithii population was characterized by reverse J-shaped DBH distribution, indicating an increasing population. Saplings of the population were spatially obviously aggregated at the small scales (0-7 m), and mid-sized trees and large-sized trees of the population were randomly or uniformly distributed. The aggregation intensities of A. georgei var. smithii decreased with the increasing diameter classes and spatial scales. Saplings and mid-sized trees were significantly and negatively associated with large-sized trees at the small scales (0-35 and 0-30 m), but the associations reversed at the large scales (45-100 and 80-100 m). In addition, with the increasing age difference between diameter classes of the population, the intensities of positive or negative correlations increased. Spatial associations between saplings and dead large-sized trees, and between mid-sized trees and dead large-sized trees were negative at the small scales (0-34 and 5-27 m), but positive at the large scales (49-100 and 73-100 m). This suggested that released niche space due to dead large-sized trees is not enough to weaken their negative impacts on saplings. We concluded that self-thinning effect and Janzen-Connell hypothesis may be the main mechanisms for the spatial pattern formation of A. georgei var. smithii population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy is the main treatment for immune diseases and cancer, but chemotherapy drugs may cause ovarian dysfunction in female. Amenorrhea, infertility, vasomotor symptoms, sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis and other problems caused by ovarian dysfunction bring great suffering to the patients. These also impact on patients' psychosocial and sexual psychology. It is very important to find relevant prevention measures to reduce ovarian damage and meantime retaining reproductive and endocrine function in patients. This article summarize the relevant literature, the protection of ovarian function and fertility methods, for example, GnRH analogues, embryo cryopreservation and oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, apoptosis inhibition, free radical scavenger, therapy of traditional Chinese medicine are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the curative effect of percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) in treating obstructive jaundice. Methods PTCD was conducted in 438 cases of obstructive jaundice from January 2005 to October 2012 in general surgery department 2, Intervention department of Yan An Hospital of KunMing City and Intervention department of The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and the therapeutic effect was reviewed. Results 438 cases of PTCD were successfully completed, the success rate of operation was 100%. The symptoms of jaundice and skin itchy were significantly reduced after operation. The life quality of the patients was improved significantly. Conclusion PTCD is an effective palliative treatment for obstructive jaundice, with small trauma, safe, simple, economical advantages, fewer complications, etc, so it is worth popularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To Explore the curative effect and safety of intervention embolization treating for renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods From January 2007 to December 2012, intervention embolization for 109 cases with renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed in the intervention department of the affiliated Yan'an hospital and intervention department of the 2nd affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University. The therapeutic effects were reviewed. Results 95 cases of 109 cases renal arteriography have found abnormal signs, including contrast medium spillover 52 cases, contrast medium spillover and pseudo aneurysm 10 cases, arteriovenous fistula and pseudo aneurysm 2 case, pseudoaneurysm 26 cases, the pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula 1 cases, and simple arteriovenous fistula 4 cases. They were performed with embolism hemostatic technique, and all cases were successfully completed. 14 cases with no bleeding signs were treated with intervention perfusion hemostatic of thrombin, and 9 cases were successful. The success rate of operation was 95.4%. There was no recurring hemorrhage in renal in the 1 to 24 months follow-up. Conclusion Intervention embolization treating for renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy has the advantages of safety, small trauma, effectiveness, good prognosis, stopping bleeding quickly, less complications, quick recovery, etc. It is worth popularizing and applying in the clinic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the watermarking schemes based on depth-image-based rendering (DIBR), the left-eye image and the right-eye image are rendered from the center image by shifting the pixels horizontally. The watermark embedded in the center image may be terrible disturbed, thus the watermark can not be detected correctly from the left-eye or right-eye image. This article proposes a 3D watermarking method based on Zero-Parallax-Pixel, which reconstructs the pixels with zero parallax based on the depth image as the domain to embed the watermark. As the Zero-Parallax-Pixel does not change during the shifting, the proposed scheme can resist the attack of DIBR. Experiments show that the proposed scheme gains the same performance as the 2D image watermarking and is robust to the noise adding attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design concept and production process of chair fabric decorated in the high-grade passenger car were introduced in this paper. High quality 64 count Australian wool was blended with conductive fiber and the wool after dyeing was treated by special flame-retardant agent, so the flame retardant and anti-static function were given to this product. Double-deck and heavy design was adopted with 50 tex × 2 warp and 50 tex × 3 weft in the fabric design. The great pressure of rollers, big gauge and low speed were used in spinning, duble twist and yarn steaming. The temperature of yarn steaming was reduced 10 degrees. The product was weaven with crude steel reed and the selvage catchered by four plain weaves without the edge folding device. The pressure of crabbing and decatizing was enlarged when finishing. Many technical difficulties were solved by adopting the above technical measures and the product was produced successfully to meet the requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the application value and safety of total percutaneous technology with blood vessel suture instrument to suture femoral artery in the aortic Endovascular Graft Exclusion. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 184 cases of Endovascular Graft Exclusion for treating aortic disease in Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University from Jan. 2010 to November 2014. Blood vessel suture instrument was used to stitch the punctured femoral artery after surgery, and the hemostatic effect was evaluated. Results Among 184 cases of artery uture, there were 127 cases of unilateral femoral artery suture and 57 cases of bilateral femoral artery suture. 184 cases used 2 blood vessel suture instruments in the unilateral femoral artery suture, 386 blood vessel suture instruments were used. 241 femoral artery branches were stitched by blood vessel suture instruments, and for those used 2 blood vessel suture instruments, 170 of them stopped bleeding immediately, 13 of them stopped bleeding after oppression for 5 mins, and 1 of them stopped bleeding after oppression for 10 mins, the success rate was 100%; and for those only use 1 blood vessel suture instruments, 51 of them stopped bleeding immediately, 5 of them stopped bleeding after oppression for 5 mins, and 1 of them stopped bleeding after oppression for 10 mins, the success rate was 100%. Embedding 1 blood vessel suture instrument took 1.5 min, postoperative suture knot took 1 min. For thoracic aortic dissection and thoracic aortic aneurysms, unilateral formal artery was punctured and 2 suture instruments were used, for abdominal aortic aneurysm and abdominal aortic dissection, bilateral formal arteries were punctured and 2 suture instruments were used for the major artery and 1 was used for the minor artery because of close distance to iliac artery bifurcation, all 3 cases of bilateral iliac artery aneurysms used 3 suture instruments. There was no incision suture in operation, hematoma appeared in 6 cases and disappeared without treatment after 2 weeks. All patients were followed up for 3 to 36 months. 3 cases of artery lower limb pain had mild-to-moderate stricture of formal artery confirmed by vascular corlor ultrasound or CTA examination, and recovered after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Total percutaneous technology with blood vessel suture instrument in the aortic Endovascular Graft Exclusion is safe and effective, and worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the bleaching and black dyeing process of soybean protein composite fiber. Through the contrast test to choose the suitable bleaching and black dyeing process. Use double oxidation-reduction bleaching process to bleach. The black dyeing process is to select the combination of the HUNTSMAN cotton reactive super black G and super black R and wool reactive Unisol black CQ. Adopt the high temperature of 95°C dyeing process by sodium sulphate dyeing and soda solid color. Bleaching and black dyeing effect is desired and the technical problem of the soybean protein composite fiber being hard to be bleached and black dyed has been successfully resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to systematically review the efficacy and safety of Bidouyan Oral Liquid in the treatment of rhinosinu-sitis(RS). CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Ovid were searched for the randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Bidouyan Oral Liquid for the treatment of RS patients. Moreover, the reference lists and the grey literature were searched manually. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data. The Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias(RoB 2.0) in randomized trial was used to assess the methodological quality of the included stu-dies. Meta-analysis was performed in RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0, and the grades of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation(GRADE) was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence. A total of 54 RCTs(35 with drug combinations and 19 with single drugs) comprising 7 511 patients(3 973 in the observation group and 3 538 in the control group) were included. Meta-analysis showed that Bidouyan Oral Liquid + conventional treatment was superior to conventional treatment alone in increasing the total response rate(RR=1.19, 95%CI[1.15, 1.24], P&lt;0.000 01) and decreasing the Lund-Kennedy scores(MD=-1.94, 95%CI[-2.61,-1.26], P&lt;0.000 01), Lund-Mackay scores(MD=-2.14, 95%CI[-2.98,-1.31], P&lt;0.000 01), and visual analogue scale(VAS) scores(MD&#95;(total VAS scores)=-1.28, 95%CI[-1.56,-1.01], P&lt;0.000 01; MD&#95;(nasal congestion VAS scores)=-0.58, 95%CI[-0.89,-0.27], P=0.000 2; MD&#95;(runny nose VAS scores)=-0.61, 95%CI[-0.93,-0.29], P=0.000 2; MD&#95;(olfactory dysfunction VAS scores)=-0.43, 95%CI[-0.52,-0.34], P&lt;0.000 01; MD&#95;(head and facial pain VAS scores)=-0.41, 95%CI[-0.57,-0.26], P&lt;0.000 01). Furthermore, the combined treatment outperformed conventional treatment alone in improving the mucociliary transport rate(MTR)(MD=1.64, 95%CI[1.08, 2.20], P&lt;0.000 01) and lowering the levels of inflammatory cytokines{tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD=-1.95, 95%CI[-2.57,-1.33], P&lt;0.000 01), interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD=-2.64, 95%CI[-4.08,-1.21], P=0.000 3)} in RS patients. In addition, the combined treatment did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions(RR=0.83, 95%CI[0.44, 1.57], P=0.57). Bidouyan Oral Liquid was superior to conventional treatment in increasing total response rate(RR=1.25, 95%CI[1.18, 1.32], P&lt;0.000 01), decreasing the Lund-Kennedy(P&lt;0.01) and Lund-Mackay scores(P&lt;0.05), alleviating major symptoms(P&#95;(total VAS scores)&lt;0.01; P&#95;(nasal congestion VAS scores)&lt;0.01; P&#95;(runny nose VAS scores)&lt;0.01; P&#95;(olfactory dysfunction VAS scores)&lt;0.05; P&#95;(head and facial pain VAS scores)&lt;0.01), and decreasing adverse reactions(P=0.03). The results showed that either Bidouyan Oral Liquid or Bidouyan Oral Liquid + conventional treatment can increase the total response rate, decrease the Lund-Kennedy and Lund-Mackay scores, and mitigate major symptoms. In addition, Bidouyan Oral Liquid + conventional treatment improved MTR and reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 without causing serious adverse events. However, due to the limited methodological quality of the included studies, large-sample and high-quality RCTs are needed to provide evidence support.

The flavonoids in Panax notoginseng were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and the content of three main flavonoids in P. notoginseng of different specifications and grades collected from different habitats was determined by HPLC-DAD. Flavonoids and anthocyanins were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Twelve flavonoid glycosides and one anthocyanin glycoside in P. notoginseng were identified, but no flavonoid aglycones were detected. Among them, 12 compounds were identified in the underground part of P. notoginseng for the first time and eight compounds were first reported in this plant. Moreover, six and four compounds were identified in the Panax genus and the Araliaceae family for the first time, respectively. A method for simultaneous determination of three flavonoids in P. notoginseng was established by HPLC-DAD. The content of flavonoids in 721 P. notoginseng samples of 124 specifications and grades collected from 20 different habitats was simultaneously determined. Among three flavonoids determined, the content of quercetin-3-O-(2″-β-D-xylosyl)-β-D-galactoside was the highest with the average content in the tested samples of 161.0 μg·g~(-1). The content of compounds quercetin-3-O-hexosyl-hexoside and kaempferol-3-O-pentosyl-hexoside was relatively low, with the average content of 18.5 μg·g~(-1)(calculated as quercetin-3-O-sophoroside) and 49.4 μg·g~(-1)(calculated as kaempferol-3-O-sangbu diglycoside). There were significant differences in flavonoids content of samples from different production area. The content of flavonoids in spring P. notoginseng was significantly lower than that in winter P. notoginseng when the other influencing factors such as production areas, germplasm resources, and cultivation conditions were fixed. As for P. notoginseng of different specifications, the flavonoid content in the part connecting the taproot and the aboveground stem was significantly higher than that in other parts. The results of large-scale data showed that the flavonoid content gradually increased with the increase in the number of heads. There were significant differences between the flavonoid content in most specifications and grades, especially the 20-head P. notoginseng and countless head P. notoginseng, whose content was significantly lower and significantly higher than that of other specifications and grades, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for the study of the effective components and quality control of P. notoginseng from the perspective of flavonoids.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of moxa fume in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS） and the effect of acupuncture plus smokeless moxibustion or smoky moxibustion on the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) proteins in the sinus mucosal tissue in CRS mice., Methods: Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely normal control, sham operation, CRS model, medication, acupuncture plus smokeless moxibustion (Acu+smokeless Moxi) and acupuncture plus smoky moxibustion (Acu+smoky Moxi) groups, with 20 mice in each group. The CRS model was established by inserting a piece of polyporous sponge filled with streptococcus pneumoniae into the maxillary sinus after operation. The mice in the sham operation group received skin incision after opening the maxillary sinus. Mice of the medication group received gavage of clarithromycin 0.103 g·kg -1 ·d -1 for 21 days. For mice of the Acu+smokeless Moxi and Acu +smoky Moxi groups, manual acupuncture stimulation was applied to bilateral "Zusanli" (ST36), "Shenshu" (BL23) and "Hegu" (LI4) with the needles retained for 30 min, once every other day, and on the following day, moxibustion was applied to "Guanyuan" (CV4) and "Shenque" (BL23) for 20 min, once every other day. The treatment was given for 21 days. Mice of the normal, sham operation and model groups received gavage of normal saline (200 μL/d) for 21 days. Histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa were observed after H.E. staining, the TSLP and PACAP contents and expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, separately., Results: At the end of the treatment, mice of the model group still had symptoms of nasal obstruction and runny nose, but those of the 3 treatment groups were obviously relieved in the nasal symptoms. H.E. staining showed an obvious chronic inflammatory reaction in the sinus mucosa, uneven distribution of the mucosal epithelium and necrotic and exfoliated epithelial cells, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue in the submucosa, etc. in the model group, which were relatively milder in the medication, Acu+smokeless Moxi and Acu+smoky Moxi groups, while no obvious inflammation was found in the normal group and sham operation group. In comparison with the normal group, no significant changes were found in the expression levels of PACAP and TSLP in the sham operation group ( P >0.05). The expression level of PACAP was significantly lower ( P <0.05) and that of TSLP significantly higher in the model group than in the normal and sham operatin groups ( P <0.05). Compared with the model group, no significant changes were found in the expression of PACAP in the medication, Acu+smokeless Moxi and Acu+smoky Moxi groups ( P >0.05), and the expression of TSLP was further obviously increased in the Acu+smokeless Moxi group ( P <0.01), but obviously decreased in the Acu+smoky Moxi group ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with smoky moxibustion can down-regulate the expression of TSLP protein in the nasal sinus mucosa in CRS mice, which maybe contribute to its effect in reducing the inflammatory reaction and nasal symptoms.

We analyzed the phylogenetic structure of trees within six diameter classes (1-2, 2-4, 4-7, 7-11, 11-16, >16 cm) in quadrats with different size of 5 m×5 m,10 m×10 m, 20 m×20 m, 50 m×50 m, 100 m×100 m in a Abies georgei var. smithii community in a 4 hm 2 stem-mapping plot located in subalpine dark coniferous forest of Sygera Mountains, southeast Tibet. In various spatial scales, both net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI) of the community were larger than zero, indicating a clustered phylogenetic structure with the largest clustering intensity at small spatial scale (5 m×5 m). Community of small-size classes were phylogenetically clustering. In large-size classes (DBH>7 cm) phylogenetic over dispersion became more common, with dispersion increased with increasing tree size under all spatial scales. The intensity of phylogenetic clustering in young trees increased with increasing spatial scales, while the intensity of over dispersion in large trees (DBH>7 cm) increased with spatial scale. Our results suggested that environmental filtering in small-size trees and competitive exclusion in large-size trees might be the main ecological processes driving community assembly in this region.

Objective To observe the effect of evodiamine on the injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and investigate its impossible mechanism. Methods HUVECs were used to make the inflammatory injured cell model. The cultured cells in vitro were divided into a normal control group, LPS model group, DMSO control group, low- and high-dose evodiamine group. The cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8 assay. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the medium serum was detected by ELISA. Nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-κBp65) mRNA was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κBp65 was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the cell survival rate and NO content obviously decreased, and the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κBp65 increased in the LPS treated group. Compared with LPS group, the pre-treatment of evodiamine obviously improved the cell survival rate, promoted the secretion of NO, inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65 and down-regulated the mRNA expression of NF-κBp65. Conclusion Evodiamine can relieve the inflammatory injury of HUVECs induced by LPS and promote the synthesis of NO, which may be related to the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To observe the effect of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) on the islets function and expression of HO-1 and VEGF in retina of type 2 diabetic rats., Methods: Experimental study. Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats with 6 weeks old were given high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks and then intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin(STZ) 30mg/kg to induce diabetic model. Model group were further randomly divided into normal group and model group. Ten age matched health rats were chosen as control group. 4 and 12 weeks later, weight of rats , fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), the levels of serum liqids were measured. The HO-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in retina were determined by immunohistochmistry and quantitative real-time PCR. The differences of the mean values among the three groups were analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance. The multiple comparisons of the mean values among the three groups were analyzed by LSD-t analysis., Results: Type 2 diabetic model was successfully established in 32 rats, the success rate was 80.0%. Compared with normal gourp, plasma triglyceride (TG), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of diabetic rats increased dramatically, and plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) decreased. FBG was significant different between all groups(χ(2)4w=10.631, P4W=0.005; χ(2)12w=15.053, P12w=0.001), and was significantly increased in tBHQ intervention group than that in diabetic group at the end of 12 week. The levels of FINS and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher , and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was significantly lower in diabetic and tBHQ intervention group compared with normal group(P<0.05), but there is no significantly difference between diabetic and tBHQ intervention group(P>0.05). The immunohistochemistry staining results showed the protein leveI of retinal HO-1 (F4w=689.535, P4w=0.000; F12w=287.988, P12w=0.000)and VEGF(F4w=1084.956, P4w=0.000; F12w= 1107.553, P12w=0.000) was significant different beteween all groups. The expression of HO-1 mRNA increased significantly in diabetic group(t4w=10.21, t12w=9.95)and tBHQ intervention group(t4w=14.01, t12w= 25.64)than that in normal group(P<0.05). The expression of HO-1 mRNA increased significantly in tBHQ intervention group(t4w=6.04, t12w=19.00)than that in diabetic group(P<0.05). The expression of VEGF mRNA increased significantly in diabetic group(t4w=11.92, t12w=29.27)and tBHQ intervention group(t4w=12.50, t12w= 11.24)than that in normal group(P<0.05). The expression of VEGF mRNA increased significantly in tBHQ intervention group(t4w=-6.36, t12w=-20.22)than that in diabetic group(P<0.05)., Conclusion: tBHQ can promote the secretion of insulin in diabetic rats, lowered glucose levels, also induce the expression of HO-1 and suppress the expression of VEGF in retina to confer protection to islets function and retina of type 2 diabtic rats.

Objective: To investigate effects of Biyuanshu( BYS) on molecular chaperone HSP70 and carboxyl terminus of HSC70 /HSP70-interacting protein( CHIP) expression of nasal sinuses mucosa epithele in mice Chronic rhinosinusitis( CRS) model, and to explore the BYS intervention mechanism from the point of molecular chaperone system., Methods: 140 C57 male mice were randomly divided into normal group, sham operation group, model group, western medicine group, BYS low-dosage group, BYS medium-dosage group, BYS high-dosage group, with 20 mice in each group, and CRS model was established. With corresponding drug treatment for 14 days. Nasal sinuses mucosa tissue was collected to observe pathological alterations after HE dyeing, and HSP70 and its cofactor CHIP mRNA expression in nasal sinuses mucosa epithele were detected by real-time PCR, and the protein expression and IKK activity were detected by Western blotting., Results: Model group appeared large necrotic and falling-off areas, apparently accompanied with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. Nasal sinuses mucosa epithelial chaperon HSP70 and its cofactor CHIP expressions were much lower in CRS group than normal group and slam operation group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01),p-IKKα / β expression in model group was obviously higher than normal group and slam operation group( P < 0. 01). Compared to model group, BYS medium-dosage and high-dosage groups presented well-repaired epithele in alignment, with fewer chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, expression of chaperon HSP70 and its cofactor CHIP in nasal sinuses mucosa epithelium were much higher than model group( P < 0. 01),but the p-IKKα / β expression was lower( P < 0. 01)., Conclusion: BYS can upregulate chaperon HSP70 and its cofactor CHIP to enhance intracellular protection from inflammatory protein injury mice, and reduce IKK activity to intervene on downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. BYS can be in favor of nasal sinuses mucosa epithelial repairmen.

Objective: To measure the resting pressure of the tongue body on the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the tongue anchorage pad (TAP), and to investigate the proper position of TAP as an anchorage., Methods: Nineteen volunteers with individual normal occlusion (4 males and 15 females, age 23-33 years) were recruited in the study. Individualized TAP was designed and made for each subject. On the sagittal dimension, the pressure along the midline at the level of the distal of the second premolar (PM2), the first molar (M1) and the second molar (M2) were measured. On the vertical dimension, pressures on TAPs with height of -3 mm, 0 mm, and 3 mm were measured, with 0 mm standing for the reference point recorded by the tongue position record. The tongue resting pressure of the volunteers in the upright position was measured by miniature sensors (FSS1500NS, Honeywell, USA) embedded in TAP. Nonparametric analysis was applied with the significant level of 0.05., Results: On the vertical dimension, the pressure obtained at the height of -3 mm, 0 mm, and 3 mm were 105.83 Pa, 167.75 Pa, and 254.25 Pa, respectively (P<0.001). On the sagittal dimension, the pressure detected at the level of PM2, M1, and M2 were 177.64 Pa, 126.72 Pa, and 109.37 Pa, respectively (P<0.001)., Conclusion: Tongue pressure rises significantly with the increase of TAP height. On the sagittal dimension, pressure decreases along the palatal midline in an anteroposterior direction. But in the clinical practice, we should also put comfort into consideration.

The nitrogen content, its different forms and their spatial distribution were studied by using the 53 sediment samples from different sites in Dianchi Lake. Thereafter, the potential nitrogen mineralization ability of the sediments and their pollution characteristics were also explored to understand the influencing factors of nitrogen pollution and its release risk from the sediment surface to the overlying water of Dianchi. The results showed: (1) the average total nitrogen content of surface sediment in Dianchi Lake was 3 515. 60 mg x kg(-1), which was at a high level from the inlets in Caohai Northeast thinning digging area, Panlong River and the Haikou into Dianchi Lake, but relatively low in Baoxiang River Estuary dredging area. The total organic nitrogen (TON) content, accounting for 85.86% of TN, was at a high level; on the other hand, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen ( DIN) content was lower, which accounted for 14.10% of TN. The spatial distribution of TON and TN kept the same trend, but not the DIN. Compared with other Lakes of China, the nitrogen content of sediment in Dianci was at a high level, and the extent of pollution was just below the serious polluted City Lakes. (2) The average potential mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) content of Lake Dianchi was 1 154.76 mg x kg(-1), accounting for 32.90% of TN, which raised the potential risk of its release into the overlying water. Higher PMN was found in the Caohai Lake area and the inlet of Panlong River in the North, the inlet of Luolong Rive in the Middle Lake, the inlet of Baiyukou Lake and Liangwang River in the South. Nowadays, the pH value of Dianchi Lake was favorable for its sediment nitrogen mineralization, and its nitrogen mineralization was affected by the release of NH4(+) -N from organic matter. In the heavy polluted area, the concentration of the overlying water nitrogen was seriously affected by nitrogen mineralization of sediment from Dianchi, while the light polluted area was less affected.

Objective: To explore an effective acupotomology surgery program in treating cubital tunnel syndrome., Methods: According to pathogenic factors and elbow anatomy, a "two points" acupotomology surgery program was designed, which could loose the attachment point of arcuate ligament on medial border of olecroanon and medial epicondyle of humerus. Twenty-one cases of cubital tunnel syndrome were treated with acupotmology, then the efficacy was obsered., Results: After one year postoperative visit, 21 patients with ulnar nerve area skin numbness were cured, claw hand deformity and medial hand muscle atrophy recovered significantly. Results of function evaluation were excellent in 17 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 0 cases, the good rate was 90.5%., Conclusion: The acupotomology surgery program which could cut the starting and ending points of osborne's ligament and solve the problem of ulnar nerve entrapment is an easy, little-traumatic and effective minimally invasive surgery which also conforms to the anatomical structure.

Objective: To analyze and optimize extraction technics of Polygonum orientale flowers by response surface methodology., Methods: With the index for the content of taxifolin in flowers of Polygonum orientale, the effect of three factors such as concentration of alcohol, extraction time and solvent-solid ratio was designed by Box-Behnken central composite. Extraction technic parameters of Polygonum orientale flowers was optimized by response surface methodology., Results: The optimizing extraction conditions of Polygonum orientale flowers were as follows: ethanol concentration was 65%, extracting time was 129 min and solvent-solid ratio was 18. Under the conditions, the average yield of taxifolin in 3 validation experiments was 2.79 mg/g., Conclusion: Optimizing extraction technics by response surface methodology is reasonable, simple, and has good predictability.

Thirteen kinds of common drug precursor chemicals were detected on the spot by transportable Raman spectrometer independently researched and developed. Changing analysis methods, such as the focal position of the instrument, analysis time, external light source, sample containers and the concentration of the analyte, the high quality Raman spectrums were obtained. The study shows that analysis method can be optimized to improve the detection efficiency, LOD (limit of detection) of 1-phenyl-2-acetone, toluene and chloroform was recorded for lower concentrations and the component contents of the mixture have a significant impact on the test results. Selecting the appropriate instrument conditions can be more effective and fast screening of precursor chemicals on site to provide help for those who are engaged in the anti-drug work.

Objective: To get individualized facial three-dimensional finite element (FE) model from transformation of a generic one to assist orthodontic analysis and prediction of treatment-related morphological change of facial soft tissue., Methods: A generic three-dimensional FE model of craniofacial soft and hard tissue was constructed based on a volunteer's spiral CT data. Seven pairs of main peri-oral muscles were constructed based on a combination of CT image and anatomical method. Individualized model could be obtained through transformation of the generic model based on selection of corresponding anatomical landmarks and radial basis functions (RBF) method. Validation was analyzed through superimposition of the transformed model and cone-beam CT (CBCT) reconstruction data. Pre- and post-treatment CBCT data of two patients were collected, which were superimposed to gain the amount of anterior teeth retraction and anterior alveolar surface remodeling that could be used as boundary condition. Different values of Poisson ratio ν and Young's modulus E were tested during simulation., Results: Average deviation was 0.47 mm and 0.75 mm in the soft and hard tissue respectively. It could be decreased to a range of +0.29 mm and -0.21 mm after a second transformation at the lip-mouth region. The best correspondence between simulation and post-treatment result was found with elastic properties of soft tissues defined as follows. Poisson ratio ν for skin, muscle and fat being set as 0.45 while Young's modulus being set as 90.0 kPa, 6.2 kPa and 2.0 kPa respectively., Conclusions: Individualized three-dimensional facial FE model could be obtained through mathematical model transformation. With boundary condition defined according to treatment plan such FE model could be used to analyze the effect of orthodontic treatment on facial soft tissue.

Objective: To analyze the results of multiple Chinese orthodontic specialists' subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome, to investigate the relevance of different experiment items and to explore the weight of each monomial material., Methods: As a randomized clinical trial, with six orthodontic treatment centers and Angle's classification being regarded as two stratification factors, it contained 108 cases with integrity data, which was random extracted from 2383 cases that received orthodontic treatment in six orthodontic treatment centers during the past five years, gathering post-treatment study casts, cephalometrics and photographs of 48 cases as the research subject. Similarly taking Angle's classification as a stratification factor, 108 cases were randomly divided into 9 groups. The randomization of sampling and grouping were both generated by a pseudo-random number generator. According to the monomial and combined subjects, 69 orthodontic specialists were regarded as the raters to rank the 12 cases in each group, and to judge whether the case was qualified., Results: Correlation analysis: the Spearman r between Post-M + C and Post-M + C + P and the Spearman r between Post-M + P and Post-M + C + P were both greater than 0.950. The Spearman r between Post-M and Post-P and the Spearman r between Post-M and Post-C were about 0.300. The Spearman r between Post-P and Post-C was 0.505. Regression analysis: the linear regression results: M + C = 0.782M + 0.308C - 0.150, M + P = 0.804M + 0.233P - 0.091, M + C + P = 0.764M + 0.243P + 0.131C - 0.291. The r(2) of above three models was greater than 0.9., Conclusions: It was applicable to use M + C and M + P instead of M + C + P. Study casts could not replace cephalometrics or photographs when doing subjective evaluation. Cephalometrics and photographs could not substitute for each other either. In the combined materials evaluation, model accounted for the largest percentage. Based on the regression model, for the greater part, the integration of several monomial materials could replace the combined material assessment effectively.