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The performance wagon is the key stage mechanical equipment to realize rich performances and diversified changes on the stage, which can carry actors or scenery. In order to solve the problem of low intelligence and poor flexibility of the traditional performance wagon, which can not walk or rotate arbitrarily according to the designated path in accordance with the program arrangement, a new type of performance omnidirectional vehicle form based on nested structure is proposed. The structure is composed of an inner and outer nested double ring frame, and the relative motion and combined motion of the nested inner and outer double rings are realized by meshing the large gear ring of the outer ring with the tension adjustment of the inner ring and driving the pinion components. The omnidirectional vehicle for the proposed structure is designed. Based on the kinematics principle, the kinematics analysis system is carried out for the omnidirectional vehicle, and the kinematics model is established. On this basis, the track estimation is carried out and the three-dimensional model is established to analyze the dynamics of the omnidirectional vehicle. An omnidirectional vehicle platform based on the nested structure is built for system experiment and tests. The results show that the omnidirectional vehicle based on the nested structure has good mechanical performance, and can realize trajectory motion with good robustness and high precision.

Given the limitations of the original primary current and voltage carrying tests prior to substation operation， the paper expounds the principle of high current and high voltage decoupling and synchronous output control and proposes an on-load test method prior to substation operation based on high current and high voltage decoupling and synchronous output， that is， by reasonable arrangement of the state of the primary equipment under test， the testing current and voltage can normally pass through components to be tested such as TA and TV， and then the analog on-load test is completed by discriminating the recovery signal. The paper also introduces test schemes under different wiring modes and voltage classes. The engineering case shows that this method can fully meet the test requirements of substation with voltage levels of 500 kV and below prior to operation and ensure the correct and efficient circuit check before substation operation.

The accurate classification of shape, edge, and internal features of pulmonary nodules can not only assist the radiologists in their daily diagnosis, but also improve the writing efficiency of imaging reports. This paper proposes a multi-task classification model based on long-short term memory (LSTM) and attention structure, which merges the shared features among different classification tasks through attention mechanism to improve the feature extraction performance of the current task. The classifier based on temporal sequence LSTM structure can effectively screen the shared features and improve the efficiency of information transmission in the multi-task model. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional multi-task structure, the proposed model can achieve better classification results on the public dataset LIDC-IDRI, and assist doctors to quickly obtain nodule characteristics.

As the traditional power grid has evolved into smart grid， testing of relay protection devices has shifted from manual mode to automatic model. By analyzing the shortcomings of the existing automatic testing systems， the paper proposes a new relay protection testing system based on 5G and image recognition technology to reduce labor cost and improve the testing efficiency of relay protection. The new system adopts a modular design idea and uses 5G network to connect the cloud server， automatic testing platform and mobile phone terminal so that testing solutions can be downloaded on the client， remote and real-time testing monitoring can be achieved， and testing report can be generated fast. In order to quickly obtain the pressure plate status of the protection device， image recognition technology is introduced， and corresponding solutions are proposed for the intelligent generation of test solutions， automatic configuration of virtual terminals and other key technologies. The system has been successfully applied to the acceptance of 500 kV Xiaowei substation and 220 kV Lyuting substation with satisfactory test results.

Objective To investigate the application value of prognostic nutritional index and urea/creatinine ratio in nutritional status assessment for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods A total of 138 patients with esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy were screened. NRS 2002 nutritional screening was used as the standard. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and urea/creatinine ratio (UCR) were used to evaluate the malnutrition of patients with esophageal cancer. ROC curve was used to evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficacy of different nutritional screening tools. Results The biochemical and hematological indexes of patients with esophageal cancer showed certain characteristics, in which the levels of urea, creatinine, UCR, ALB, PALB, TP, TC, TG, HDL and LDL all fluctuated within the normal range. In terms of nutritional risk screening, the NRS 2002 score identified nutritional risk in 57.97% of patients, while the PNI and UCR predicted nutritional risk in 31.16% and 40.58% of patients, respectively. Consistency test showed that the Kappa value of PNI and NRS 2002 scores was 0.460 (P < 0.05), and the Kappa value of UCR and NRS 2002 scores was 0.522 (P < 0.05), indicating that there was a certain correlation between them and NRS 2002 scores in nutritional risk screening. Correlation analysis showed that NRS 2002 score was significantly correlated with UCR, ALB, PALB, PBL, Cr, HDL and TP (P < 0.05), while PNI was significantly correlated with ALB, PALB, PBL, Cr, HDL, TP and UREA (P < 0.05) . There were significant correlations between UCR and PALB, UREA and Cr (P < 0.05) . Logistic univariate regression analysis further confirmed these correlations and revealed that malnutrition was negatively correlated with albumin, prealbumin, total protein, lymphocytes, creatinine and BMI, and positively correlated with urea. However, multivariate regression analysis did not find any statistical difference between these related factors and the two objective evaluation measures. The results of diagnostic efficacy evaluation showed that the area under ROC curve of PNI and UCR evaluation to predict esophageal cancer malnutrition was 0.779 and 0.736, respectively, with statistical significance (P < 0.001) . Among them, UCR showed higher sensitivity and PNI showed higher specificity, but there was no significant difference in diagnostic value between them. Conclusion PNI and UCR as nutritional assessment tools have certain application value in the nutritional risk screening of patients with esophageal cancer, but their consistency with NRS 2002 score needs to be improved. When assessing the nutritional status of patients, a combination of various indicators and methods should be used to achieve more accurate diagnostic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking south No.2 shaft fire area of Gongwusu Coal Mine as the background, theoretical analysis and field practice are used to study the comprehensive control of shaft fire area. The results show that in the combustion process of coal body in coal field, coal oxidation reaction releases a lot of heat in the combustion center of coal body, the energy carried outside and internal energy of coal body overlying strata become unstable, and the gravity instability of overlying strata leads to deformation and failure, forming a large number of thermal fracture; under the action of thermal wind pressure, fresh air from the surface of the fracture field provides sufficient oxygen for coal combustion, and waste gas generated by combustion is also discharged into the atmosphere through these fractures. In order to control the large area of high temperature fire area in wellbore, the “area isolation method” is proposed. By pouring anti-fire materials into the borehole in the fire area, the temperature of the borehole showed a downward trend. However, due to the sealing has not been finished yet and there are air leakage passages, the temperature of some boreholes remains at 100 ℃ to 120 ℃ for a long time, and plugging measures should be taken in the later stage.

In the process of coal processing, due to the limitation of mining conditions, a large number of foreign objects are mixed into raw coal, which leads to clogging of heavy medium system pipelines, seriously affecting the production efficiency and restricting the improvement of coal quality. In order to effectively solve the impact of foreign objects in coal, machine vision technology is used to complete the detection and removal of foreign objects. Owing to irregular shapes and complex features for foreign objects in coal, a multi-scale feature fusion semantic segmentation network structure is proposed for end-to-end detection of images of foreign objects collected at the actual production site. In the network, the encoder uses residual convolutional blocks to extract features and captures context information, and the multi-scale feature map obtained by the pooling operation is fused at the decoder. The encoder and decoder are connected by layer jump to better combine the background semantic information of images for end-to-end training. The cause of model misdetection was analyzed through the visualization method of class activation map, a loss function was proposed to alleviate the model misdetection caused by the surface and background interference of coal and gangue, and the results were refined using conditional random fields to get a binary image. The experimental results show that the model can effectively segment the foreign bodies in the coal gangue system, and the mean intersection over union of the model on the test set is 77.83 %.

In order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic simultaneous treatment on flotation of fine coal slimes,a new ultrasonic flotation device was made to conduct floatation experiment.The particle size distribution of clean coal was measured by Laser Particle Sizer,and the influence of ultrasound on surface characteristics of clean coal particles was investigated by SEM.The influence of ultrasound on adsorption of collector was investigated by UV spectrophotometer.The result revealed that combustible recovery and perfect index flotation of floated products increased by using ultrasonic treatment with same reagent dosages.The best flotation effect can be achieved with 100 kHz ultrasound,and the combustible recovery rate is 10% higher than that of conventional flotation.Ultrasonic floatation need 19%~35% less reagent dosages than conventional floatation under the same flotation condition.Ultrasonic can remove the fine mud adsorbed on the surface of coal particles,promote bubble agglomeration in the pulp,form air flocculation,and improve the flotation efficiency of particles with size of +0.045 mm.

By a self-made ultrasonic flotation experimental device and image processing method,flotation micro-bubble size distribution and the relationship between rising velocity and size has been investigated under different ultrasonic frequencies (28 kH、60 kHz、120 kHz) and different air velocities (20 mL/min、30 mL/min、40 mL/min) conditions. Results show that ultrasonic irradiation with a certain frequency can change the diameter of flotation bubble,and promote the aggregates of bubbles,60 kHz ultrasonic can promote bubble size significantly,and the average size of bubble aggregates can increase 0.2-0.8 mm. Under ultrasonic field,the second Bjerknes force between bubbles is the major reason for the bubble aggregates,however the aeration velocity has negligible influence on bubble size and bubble coagulation. There is no relationship between the bubbles rising velocity and bubble size,and ultrasonic frequency at the bottom of the floatation unit and the average rising velocity is 15 mm/s. The rising velocity is increasing with the increases of bubbles size at the middle of flotation unit. The average rising velocity reach the peak up to 35 mm/s under 60 kHz ultrasonic field,which is about 17 mm/s higher than that under 28 kHz and 120 kHz ultrasonic field.

Because the crude niobium ore is difficult to be used, according to the composition analysis and phase analysis of crude niobium ore, the KOH hydrothermal method was used to research the dissolution of crude niobium ore and the dissolution of crude niobium under hydrothermal system was researched by changing the temperature and the KOH concentration.The results show that the dissolution of niobium from crude niobium ore could reach 90%, at 30%of KOH concentration, and 200℃; the dissolution of niobium increased first and then decreased with the increasings of KOH concentration and temperature; in the whole process of the dissolution, the alkaline components Fe, Mn, Mg kept a low dissolution yields.XRD and SEM's results show that the increasings of KOH concentration and temperature accelerated the decomposition of(Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6.When the KOH concentration was 30%, and the temperature was 200℃, continuing to strengthen the reaction conditions, the dissolution of Nb decreased significantly owing to the transformation from soluble K8Nb6O19to insolubleKNbO3.

The safety management of university laboratories has always been the primary and prominent problem that puzzles the safety of university laboratories. In view of the characteristics of imperfect laboratory safety management system and mechanism, weak safety awareness of experimental teachers and students, crowded experimental equipment, irregular management and unreasonable layout in laboratories of science and engineering colleges, which pose significant safety hazards, this paper expounds the characteristics of pertinence, operability and statistical analysis of laboratory safety inspection system for laboratory hazard management in combination with the actual situation of the laboratory of School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of a university in Beijing, as well as the problems existing in the use of the system and suggestions for improvement, so that the laboratory safety inspection system can guarantee the laboratory safety and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the integration of flotation theory and experimental teaching, an experimental observation device for the collision and adhesion of mineral particles with bubbles is designed, and a visual conversion software for video data is developed. The device can be used to observe the particle and bubble collision-adhesion process and behavior, and calculate the particle and bubble collision-adhesion process parameters and adhesion efficiency, the datalization and visualization of micro-knowledge of flotation theory are realized. The experimental results show that the device has a reasonable structure, precise adjustment, and can automatically record video and perform data analysis. The experimental teaching process shows that the device can promote open experimental teaching practice, increase students' participation in experimental teaching, cultivate their ability to use professional knowledge to solve complex problems, and cultivate innovative, exploratory and research- oriented comprehensive talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objectives] To our knowledge, little is known about its molecular biological functions in Camellia sinensis. [Methods] The Open reading frame (ORF) of CsIISP17.2 gene was isolated from C. sinensis 'Yingshuang'. The obtained ORF sequence and deduced amino acid sequence; was analysed with corresponding bioinformatic softwares. The; real-time; PCR was performed to stuely the; expression pre)file; of CsHSP17.2 gem;. [ Results] The ORF of CsHSP17.2 was 453 bp, encoding 150 amino acids. Bioinformatic; analysis showed that the; relative melecular weight of the; predicted prertein was 17.2x 103 and the; theoretic isoelectricpeint was 5.56. Besides, the predicted protein had no signal peptide, belonging to nemsecretory protein. Subcellular localization indicated that CsIISP17.2 protein was distributed in cytoplasm. Poylogenetic tree; analysis showed that CsIISPI7.2 had a close; genetic; relationship with Oryza sativa (GenBank accession No. ;P27777)and Arachis hypogaea( ABC41131) , which was grouped to subfamily Class I. Real-time; quantitative PCR found that CsHSP17.2 gene; was expressed in various organs(roerts, stems, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits), and also revealed that this gene; could be; significantly induced by high temperature(P<0.05). Besiedes, the relative; transcript accumulation of CsHSP17.2 was up-regulated by drought, high salinity and ABA treatment at certain levels. [Conclusions] CsHSP17. 2 gene; from C. sinensis 'Yingshuang' was isolated. This gene was up-regulated by high temperature, which provided evidence for heat tolerence of tea plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three methods of high temperature steam sterilization, centrifugal degerming and filtration sterilization are used to investigate different changes of corrosion extent in Shengli Oilfield Ninghai area reinjection water caused by removing bacteria and contribution rate in reinjection water corrosion by microorganism. The results show that high temperature steam sterilization can remove all the germs, as well as change water chemical property. Through centrifugal degerming, water chemical property remains the same, but germs cannot be completely removed. By filtration sterilization, water chemical property undergoes no change while germs are completely removed. Besides, it can better reflect the role of microorganisms in corrosion. The research results indicate that microorganism is the leading factor of reinjection water corrosion in Ninghai area where the contribution rate is 57% to 72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of native microbial enhanced oil recovery technique in China recent decade, paraffin removal and prevention by microbial and huff & puff with single well have became mature explore technologies in oil fields and have been wide scale used in many oilfields taking as production maintain and stimulation measures, respectively. However, the existence of mechanism misunderstanding and technique optimizing still need further study to enhance the effect of treatment and efficiency. Meanwhile, the microbial flooding technology is still on pilot stage, although more than 20 field trials have been carried out. There is no consensus of opinion in microbial flooding and the orientation of technological development is still obscure so that there are difficulties on technology extension. Studies, field tests and applications in recent decade about microbial technology were discussed in this paper, and the several key points in microbial flooding were discussed in detail. On the basis of analyzing on-site experiment patterns and developing trend, some problems that need to pay attention in next research and development in the future have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Female literature" is a term as the self - position of the female which implies the female repressed and covered in modem culture as the marginal group, and at the same time, shows the female's self-expressing and resisting attitude so it is an indispensable dimension of literary studies. Because the "male" and "female" keep the relationship between binary interaction, female consciousness is not natural but generated gradually. The studies for female literature., should not be obsessed with "female literature" what should be, but focusing on how the performance of female literature, to truly understand, grasp and guide the women's literature development from works and creative phenomenon rather than from the concept so that the female literature could be set as an open system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive measurement method of brain electrical activity. In recent years, single/few-channel EEG has been used more and more, but various types of physiological artifacts seriously affect the analysis and wide application of single/few-channel EEG. In this paper, the regression and filtering methods, decomposition methods, blind source separation methods and machine learning methods involved in the various physiological artifacts in single/few-channel EEG are reviewed. According to the characteristics of single/few-channel EEG signals, hybrid EEG artifact removal methods for different scenarios are analyzed and summarized, mainly including single-artifact/multi-artifact scenes and online/offline scenes. In addition, the methods and metrics for validating the performance of the algorithm on semi-simulated and real EEG data are also reviewed. Finally, the development trend of single/few-channel EEG application and physiological artifact processing is briefly described.

Monitoring of bowel sounds is an important method to assess bowel motility during sleep, but it is seriously affected by snoring noise. In this paper, the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) method was applied to remove snoring noise from bowel sounds during sleep. Specifically, the noisy bowel sounds were first band-pass filtered, then decomposed by the CEEMDAN method, and finally the appropriate components were selected to reconstruct the pure bowel sounds. The results of semi-simulated and real data showed that the CEEMDAN method was better than empirical mode decomposition and wavelet denoising method. The CEEMDAN method is used to remove snoring noise from bowel sounds during sleep, which lays an important foundation for using bowel sounds to assess the intestinal motility during sleep.

Diabetes and its complications that seriously threaten the health and life of human, has become a public health problem of global concern. Glycemic control remains a major focus in the treatment and management of patients with diabetes. The traditional lifestyle interventions, drug therapies, and surgeries have benefited many patients with diabetes. However, due to problems such as poor patient compliance, drug side effects, and limited surgical indications, there are still patients who fail to effectively control their blood glucose levels. With the development of bioelectronic medicine, neuromodulation techniques have shown great potential in the field of glycemic control and diabetes intervention with its unique advantages. This paper mainly reviewed the research advances and latest achievements of neuromodulation technologies such as peripheral nerve electrical stimulation, ultrasound neuromodulation, and optogenetics in blood glucose regulation and diabetes intervention, analyzed the existing problems and presented prospects for the future development trend to promote clinical research and application of neuromodulation technologies in the treatment of diabetes.

Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid formations within tumor tissue, with mainly B and T cell populations forming the organic aggregates. The presence of TLSs in tumors has been strongly associated with patient responsiveness to immunotherapy regimens and improving tumor prognosis. Researchers have been motivated to actively explore TLSs due to their bright clinical application prospects. Various studies have attempted to decipher TLSs regarding their formation mechanism, structural composition, induction generation, predictive markers, and clinical utilization. Meanwhile, the scientific approaches to qualitative and quantitative descriptions are crucial for TLS studies. In terms of detection, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), and 12-chemokine gene signature have been the top approved methods. However, no standard methods exist for the quantitative analysis of TLSs, such as absolute TLS count, analysis of TLS constituent cells, structural features, TLS spatial location, density, and maturity. This study reviews the latest research progress on TLS detection and quantification, proposes new directions for TLS assessment, and addresses issues for the quantitative application of TLSs in the clinic.

Objective: To design an infusion monitor software and implement the establishment of wireless intelligent infusion monitoring system in hospital infusion area combined with the existing platform equipment in the laboratory., Methods: On the platform of Visual Studio 2013, C# language was used to realize the software development of the upper computer, and the data from infusion monitoring equipment was received through WiFi wireless transmission technology., Results: The upper computer software had a friendly user interface, and it could receive infusion data correctly and display normally. The upper computer software had alarm function and good performance., Conclusions: Infusion monitor software can realize comprehensive monitoring of multiple infusion monitors and real-time monitor of infusion process. It is easy to operate and carry which is helpful to improve the efficiency and quality of medical care.

Lignocellulose is widely found in the nature. The highly efficient degradation of lignocellulose requires synergistic interactions of varieties of microorganisms. The mechanism of synergistic interaction relationship is not entirely clear because it needs multitudinous microorganisms to participate in the process of lignocellulose degradation. With the development of microbial molecular biology and omics technology, some new methods will be provided for the research on the mechanism of microbial synergistic degradation of lignocellulose. Our previous research found that the bacterial composite microbial system shows strong degradation ability of lignocellulose at 50 °C. The consortium is composed of cultured and uncultured bacteria, but the former has no degradation ability. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics show that the expression levels of some genes related to lignocellulosic degradation change significantly. It is possible to explain the microbiological and enzymatic mechanisms of lignocellulosic degradation by microorganisms through omics in the future. The research progress of lignocellulose microbial degradation is reviewed from the aspects of enzyme, pure culture strain, and microbial consortium. The current situation and application prospect of omics technology in analyzing the function mechanism of microbial consortium are also introduced, to provide reference for exploring synergistic interactions of lignocellulose microbial degradation.

Bowel sounds are one of the important physiological signals of the body,and different bowel sounds can reflect different gastrointestinal states.In this paper,long time bowel sound data is obtained with wearable full belly bowel sound recorder which is independent designed.After adaptive noise cancellation and wavelet threshold denoising,voice endpoint detection method based on short-time energy is used to identify effective bowel sounds.Experiments and results show that the sound recorder is simple and reliable.Through processing,analysis and endpoint detection algorithm,the recognition accuracy of effective bowel sounds is high,which has certain clinical practicality and research significance.

In order to clarify dynamic change of microbial community composition and to identify key functional bacteria in the cellulose degradation consortium, we studied several aspects of the biodegradation of filter papers and rice straws by the microbial consortium, the change of substrate degradation, microbial biomass and pH of fermentation broth. We extracted total DNA of the microbial consortium in different degradation stages for high-throughput sequencing of amplicons of bacterial 16 S rRNA genes. Based on the decomposition characteristics test, we defined the 12th, 72nd and 168th hours after inoculation as the initial stage, peak stage and end stage of degradation, respectively. The microbial consortium was mainly composed of 1 phylum, 2 classes, 2 orders, 7 families and 11 genera. With cellulose degradation, bacteria in the consortium showed different growth trends. The relative abundance of Brevibacillus and Caloramator decreased gradually. The relative abundance of Clostridium, Bacillus, Geobacillus and Cohnella increased gradually. The relative abundance of Ureibacillus, Tissierella, Epulopiscium was the highest in peak stage. The relative abundance of Paenibacillus and Ruminococcus did not change obviously in each stage. Above-mentioned 11 main genera all belonged to Firmicutes, which are thermophilic, broad pH adaptable and cellulose or hemicellulose degradable. During cellulose degradation by the microbial consortium, aerobic bacteria were dominant functional bacteria in the initial stage. However, the relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria increased gradually in middle and end stage, and replaced aerobic bacteria to become main bacteria to degrade cellulose.

We designed a multi-functional medical wireless gateway based on Zigbee Bluetooth and WiFi Technology to monitor the medical physiological status of subjects in real time. On the one hand, the gateway acts as the Zigbee coordinator, organizing the Zigbee network and controlling multiple medical digital terminals. On the other hand, the gateway implements a heterogeneous wireless network. It establishes the communication between the medical digital terminals and the host computers or hand-held devices. In addition, we developed a display interface based on the LabVIEW platform, implemented the display and storage of various physiological data on the host computer, and verified the availability of the medical wireless gateway.

Based on the heart rate monitor front end AD8232 chips and Zigbee system solutions CC2530 single chip, the wireless ECG monitor has been realized in order to implement the acquisition, processing and wireless transmission of electrocardiogram signal. Meanwhile, the real-time heart rate has been calculated and wirelessly transmitted. The wireless ECG monitor is characterized by low power consumption, small size and simple operation. It can be seen from the experimental results that the wireless ECG monitor designed in this paper can successfully obtain favorable ECG data and real-time heart rate data and display it.

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is an active pulmonary function measurement technique that was applied to identify the mechanical properties of the respiratory system using external excitation signals. FOT commonly includes single frequency sine, pseudorandom and periodic impulse excitation signals. Aiming at preventing the time-domain amplitude overshoot that might exist in the acquisition of combined multi sinusoidal pseudorandom signals, this paper studied the phase optimization of pseudorandom signals. We tried two methods including the random phase combination and time-frequency domain swapping algorithm to solve this problem, and used the crest factor to estimate the effect of optimization. Furthermore, in order to make the pseudorandom signals met the requirement of the respiratory system identification in 4-40 Hz, we compensated the input signals' amplitudes at the low frequency band (4-18 Hz) according to the frequency-response curve of the oscillation unit. Resuts showed that time-frequency domain swapping algorithm could effectively optimize the phase combination of pseudorandom signals. Moreover, when the amplitudes at low frequencies were compensated, the expected stimulus signals which met the performance requirements were obtained eventually.

We designed a non-contact electrode on the basis of the capacitance coupling principle, it can be used for physiological signal acquisition, it uses dynamic shielding and electrode active driving technology to improve the quality of the signal. Experiments use this electrode to structure the ECG signal acquisition system, the ECG signal were collected with non-contact electrodes, comparing with traditional wet electrodes, the results show that noncontact electrodes developed in this paper can effectively meet the needs of ECG signal acquisition.

Forced oscillation technique(FOT)is an active method to test pulmonary function,which can derive the mechanical characteristics of the respiratory system with liner system identification theory by pushing in an oscillation air signal and measuring the changes of output pressure and flow.A pulmonary function determination system was developed based on the FOT in this paper.Several critical technologies of this determination system were analyzed,including the selection criteria of oscillation air generator,pressure and flow sensor,the signal design of oscillation air generator,and the synchronous sampling of pressure and flow data.A software program on LabVIEW platform was set up to control the determination system and get the measuring data.The performance of sensors and oscillation air generator was verified.According to the frequency response curve of the pressure,the amplitude of driving signal to the oscillation air generator was corrected at the frequency range between 4~40 Hz.A simulation experiment was carried out to measure the respiratory impedance of the active model lung ASL5000 and the results were close to the setting values of the model lung.The experiment testified that the pulmonary function determination system based on FOT had performance good enough to provide a tool for the in-depth research of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system.

This paper implements the wearable multi-channel bowel sound recorder which can col ect five channels bowel sound continuously for long time. This paper also measures bowel sound on real person to verify the availability of the recorder.

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method for respiratory mechanics measurement. For the FOT, external signals (e.g. forced oscillations around 4-40 Hz) are used to drive the respiratory system, and the mechanical characteristic of the respiratory system can be determined with the linear system identification theory. Thus, respiratory mechanical properties and components at different frequency and location of the airway can be explored by specifically developed forcing waveforms. In this paper, the theory, methodology and clinical application of the FOT is reviewed, including measure ment theory, driving signals, models of respiratory system, algorithm for impedance identification, and requirement on apparatus. Finally, the future development of this technique is also discussed.

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis technology based on an autoregressive (AR) model is widely used in the assessment of autonomic nervous system function. The order of AR models has important influence on the accuracy of HRV analysis. This article presents a method to determine the optimum order of AR models. After acquiring the ECG signal of 46 healthy adults in their natural breathing state and extracting the beat-to-beat intervals (RRI) in the ECG, we used two criteria, i. e. final prediction error (FPE) criterion to estimate the optimum model order for AR models, and prediction error whiteness test to decide the reliability of the model. We compared the frequency domain parameters including total power, power in high frequency (HF), power in low frequency (LF), LF power in normalized units and ratio of LF/HF of our HRV analysis to the results of Kubios-HRV. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the five parameters between our methods and Kubios-HRV were greater than 0.95, and the Bland-Altman plot of the parameters was in the consistent band. The results indicate that the optimization algorithm of HRV analysis based on AR models proposed in this paper can obtain accurate results, and the results of this algorithm has good coherence with those of the Kubios-HRV software in HRV analysis.

In comparison with the measurement of heart rate variability from ECG and from photoplethysmographic signal from 46 healthy adults in their spontaneous breathing state. The beat-to-beat intervals in ECG and pulse-to-pulse intervals in photoplethysmographic signal are extracted, and then the parameters of heart rate variability are calculated. Three kinds of algorithms are chosen to get the pulse-to-pulse intervals, which are the intervals of maximum of second derivative, the maximum of PPG signal and the tangent intersection. The results show that the correlation coefficients of the HRV parameters in the two calculation methods are highly correlated. The Bland-Altman scattered plots show the relative bias results from the algorithm of the maximum of PPG signal are smallest and singular points that deviate from the consistent limits are the least compared with the other two algorithms.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of C5 nerve root palsy after multi-segmental cervical decompression through different approaches., Methods: This study was conducted among 375 patients undergoing multi-segmental cervical decompression in anterior corpectomy and fusion fixation, anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion fixation + posterior decompression and fusion fixation, posterior cervical laminectomy decompression, fusion and internal fixation, and posterior laminoplasty and fusion groups. The exclusion criteria included lack of follow-up data, spinal cord injury preventing preoperative or postoperative motor testing, or surgery not involving the C5 level. The incidence of C5 palsy was determined and the potential risk factors C5 palsy were analyzed including age, sex, revision surgery, preoperative weakness, diabetes, smoking, number of levels decompressed, and a history of previous upper extremity surgery., Results: Of the 375 patients, 60 patients were excluded and the data of 315 patients were analyzed, including 146 women and 169 men with a mean age of 57.7 years (range 39-72 years). The overall incidence of C5 nerve palsy was 6.03% (19/315) in these patients; in the subgroups receiving different surgeries, the incidence was 8.62% in the cervical road laminectomy and fusion fixation group, 7.79% in the anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion fixation + posterior decompression and fusion and internal fixation, 4.68% in the anterior corpectomy and fusion fixation group, and 3.85% in the posterior laminoplasty and fusion group. No significant difference was found in the incidences among the subgroups, but men were more likely than women to develop cervical nerve root palsy (8.28% vs 3.42%, P<0.05)., Conclusion: The overall incidence of C5 nerve palsy following postoperative cervical spinal decompression was 6.03% in our cohort. The incidence of C5 nerve palsy did not differ significantly following different cervical decompression surgeries, but the incidence was the highest in the posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion and internal fixation group.

To investigate the effect of stepwise paced breathing (PB) on pulse transit time (PTT), we collected physiological signals of electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration and arterial pulse wave during a procedure of stepwise PB, which consists of 6 different breathing rates changing in a protocol of 14.0-12.5-11.0-9.5-8.0-7.0 breath per minute (BPM), with each breathing rate lasting 3 minutes. Twenty two healthy adults involved in this experiment and the change of PTT was analyzed during the stepwise PB procedure. In our study, the PTT was measured by calculating the time interval from the R-spike of the ECG to the peaks of the second derivative of the arterial pulse wave. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was applied to PTT to decompose the signal into different intrinsic mode function, and respiratory oscillation and trend component (baseline) in PTT were further extracted. It was found that the respiratory oscillations in the PTT increased with decreasing of the PB rate, and many of the subjects (14 out of 22) showed the phenomena of PTT baseline increasing during the stepwise PB procedure. The results indicated that the stepwise PB procedure induced a high level of cardiovascular oscillation and produced an accumulative effect of PTT baseline increase. As PTT is capable of predicting changes in BP over a short period of time, increase of PTT baseline indicates the decrease of blood pressure. The experiments showed that the stepwise PB procedure could reduce blood pressure for most subjects. For future work, it is necessary to develop certain indices differentiating the effectiveness of the stepwise PB procedure on the PTT baseline change, and to test the effectiveness of this stepwise PB procedure on blood pressure reduction for patients with essential hypertension.

To evaluate the influence of different brands of syringes on performance parameters and application quality of syringe pump, we carried out matching experiment of infusion/syringe pump analyzer Rigel Multi-Flo, made by ALK Co. in Sweden, for 3 different types of syringes to measure the flow rate, occlusion alarm pressure, occlusion time and bolus volume of 26 syringe pumps. Data of quality control were analyzed with statistical method. The results demonstrated that there were significant differences in the flow rate, occlusion alarm pressure, occlusion time and bolus volume (P<0. 01) between those of common syringes and original syringes. This study points out that the health care providers should select compatible syringes for syringe pumps, which provides evidence and guidance to assure the reasonable and safe application of syringe pumps in clinical practice.

This paper introduces a free and publicly open ICU database: multi-parameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care II: MIMIC-II, which has been built up and maintained by the laboratory of computational physiology at the Massachusetts Institute Technology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Philips Healthcare over the past decade. This paper briefly introduces its infrastructure, implementation and applications in clinical studies. Clinical study pertaining to circadian variation in heart rate and blood pressure during sepsis is shown as a typical example of research performed with MIMIC-II. In this study, it was found there was significant difference in circadian variation in both heart rate and blood pressure between survival and non-survival groups in septic patients. This study tackled several important techniques necessary for the investigation of the circadian rhythm.

To enhance speech recognition in realistic listening environment, as well as tonal language and music perception, a new speech coding strategy based on Hilbert Huang transform was presented. Instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude which reflect speech contents, speech rhythms and tones are derived from original speech signal through empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert transform to synthesize stimulating pulses. The presented new speech coding algorithm, continuous interleaved sampling, and frequency amplitude modulation encoding strategies were simulated by Matlab and synthesized signals of 50 Mandarin speech test materials are correlation analyzed between original signals. Compared to other two strategies, the presented new strategy obtains the highest correlation coefficient between synthesized signal and that of original speech, which indicates it could keep more information of the original speech signal than other two strategies.

Biomedical signal analysis often needs to separate the trend component from the non-trend component to achieve different purposes and applications in signal analysis. This article introduces three kinds of detrending nonlinear component methods used in the process of biomedical signal analysis: wavelet analysis, empirical mode decomposition, smoothness priors approach as well as the application in the separation of the actual biomedical data. The different separation methods should be selected according to different research goals as well as the feature of the signal.

The detection of blood flow velocity has great significance for blood vessel monitoring and the research of cardiovascular pathogenesis. Blood flow velocity measurement based on ultrasonic is becoming more and more popular in doctors and patients compare to several other techniques in nowadays, as they are non-invasive, cheap and fast. Most of the traditional ultrasonic blood flow velocity measurement methods are based on the Doppler frequency shift, but theses methods have some limitations, such as angle dependence, limited spatial resolution and so on. Therefore, blood flow velocity techniques based on non-Doppler frequency shift also get rapid development in recent years. This article mainly summarizes the techniques of blood flow velocity estimation based on ultrasonic in these two aspects.

To investigate the modulation effects of breathing movement on cardiovascular system and to study the physiological coupling relationship between respiration and cardiovascular system, we designed a comprehensive testing system for cardiorespiratory interaction research. This system, comprising three parts, i. e. physiological signal conditioning unit, data acquisition and USB medical isolation unit, and a PC based program, can acquire multiple physiological data such as respiratory flow, rib cage and abdomen movement, electrocardiograph, artery pulse wave, cardiac sounds, skin temperature, and electromyography simultaneously under certain experimental protocols. Furthermore this system can be used in research on short-term cardiovascular variability by paced breathing. Preliminary experiments showed that this system could accurately record rib cage and abdomen movement under very low breathing rate, using respiratory inductive plethysmography to acquire respiration signal in direct-current coupling mode. After calibration, this system can be used to estimate ventilation non-intrusively and correctly. The PC based program can generate audio and visual biofeedback signal, and guide the volunteers to perform a slow and regular breathing. An experiment on healthy volunteers showed that this system was able to guide the volunteers to do slow breathing effectively and simultaneously record multiple physiological data during the experiments. Signal processing techniques were used for off-line data analysis, such as non-invasive ventilation calibration, QRS complex wave detection, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pulse wave transit time calculation. The experiment result showed that the modulation effect on RR interval, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), pulse wave transit time (PWTT) by respiration would get stronger with the going of the slow and regular breathing.

The correlation coefficients between arterial occlusion pressure and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, limb circumference, body mass etc were obtained through healthy volunteer experiments, in which tourniquet were applied on upper/lower extremities. The prediction equations were derived from the data of experiments by multiple regression analysis. Based on the microprocessor C8051F340, a new pneumatic tourniquet system that can determine tourniquet pressure in synchrony with systolic blood pressure was developed and verified the function and stability of designed system. Results showed that the pneumatic tourniquet which automatically adjusts occlusion pressure in accordance with systolic blood pressure could stop the flow of blood to get a bloodless field.

A heart rate variability (HRV)analysis system is presented. The change of the activity of Sympathetic and vagus nerve is evaluated by detecting the parameters of heart rate variability of the tested in different states using the system. The system provides a tool for the study of heart rate variability.

The protein spectrometry holds such characteristics of complex and large volumes of data that the general statistical methods can't satisfy the demand of disease prediction or classification. Several kinds of main methods of mass spectrometry data mining,such as decision tree analysis, partial least squares, artificial neural networks and support vector machines is overviewed in bioinformatics perspective. And examples of different methods used to diagnose disease are illustrated. These show an important role of mass spectrometry in identification and prediction of disease.

By combining with informatics theory, ta system model consisting of feature selection which is based on redundancy and correlation is presented to develop disease classification research with five gene data set (NCI, Lymphoma, Lung, Leukemia, Colon). The result indicates that this modeling method can not only reduce data management computation amount, but also help confirming amount of features, further more improve classification accuracy, and the application of this model has a bright foreground in fields of disease analysis and individual treatment project establishment.

A design of handheld heart rate variability acquisition and analysis system is proposed. The system collects and stores the patient's ECG every five minutes through both hands touching on the electrodes, and then -uploads data to a PC through USB port. The system uses software written in LabVIEW to analyze heart rate variability parameters, The parameters calculated function is programmed and generated to components in Matlab.