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Tumor organoids, derived from tumor tissues, are three-dimensional structures created in vitro to mimic in vivo tumor growth. They possess comparable genetic lineage and pathological characteristics to the original tumor, making them a promising research platform for studying tumor biology. In recent years, significant advancements in techniques such as microfluidics, cell co-culture and vascularization have greatly promoted the development of Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) and expanded the applications of tumor organoid models in both basic and clinical translational research. These advancements include leveraging tumor organoid models to investigate drug resistance mechanisms, perform drug screening, and facilitate clinical trials of precisional therapy. However, current organoid models still face several limitations, including the instability of cell culture quality, low cost-effectiveness, and the inability to accurately replicate the complex tumor microenvironment and spatial structures. Further research is needed to overcome these technical bottlenecks and improve the application of organoid models in cancer research, thereby further enhancing the depth of tumor research. This review summarized the development history and latest progress of tumor organoids. In terms of the latest applications of tumor organoids, this article reviewed disease modeling, research and development of innovative tumor drugs, and their application in personalized treatment. It also summarized the recent clinical researches of organoids; In addition, this review provided a detailed introduction to the technological progress of tumor organoids, including the development of novel culture devices, simulation of tumor microenvironment, and induction of angiogenesis. In summary, this review explored the latest developments, defects and future directions in the research of tumor organoids, aiming to provide reference for the study of tumor organoids.

In this study, the effect of 18 weeks of dietary supplementation of porcine submaxillary gland mucin (PSM) as an abundant source of N-hydroxyacetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) on the expression of proteins involved in the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the liver, serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and the gut microbiota in cytidine-5’-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid knockout (Cmah-/-) mice was investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of gender on Neu5Gc-induced inflammation in Cmah-/- mice was analyzed. The results showed that Neu5Gc activated the NF-κB signaling pathway and significantly increased the serum concentration of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and SAA in both male and female mice when compared with normal controls. In the PSM-treated male mice, the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (B/F) significantly increased, the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and Prevotellaceae significantly decreased, and the relative abundance of Clostridia UCG-014 and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, which are positively associated with intestinal inflammation, significantly increased. In the PSM-treated female mice, the richness of gut microbiota significantly decreased, and so did the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae. In conclusion, Neu5Gc in PSM could promote inflammatory responses in Cmah-/- mice through significantly down-regulating the abundance of relevant bacterial communities, facilitating the growth of bacterial communities positively associated with intestinal inflammation, leading to structural disorders of gut microbiota, activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and increasing the secretion of serum inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory response induced in mice by Neu5Gc was affected by gender. Our study provides a reference for a healthy diet.

Objective To investigate the mutation types of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors(NETs) and better understand the pathogenesis of colorectal nets. Methods Patients undergoing colorectal NETs surgery were recruited, colorectal NETs and corresponding adjacent cancerous tissues were collected, and whole genome sequencing(WGS) was performed and further deeply analyzed. Results WGS sequencing showed that the mutation types of colorectal NETs included single nucleotide mutations, insertion and deletion mutations(InDel, less than 50 bp in length), copy number variations(CNV), and large structural variations(SV, more than 50 bp in length), such as insertion(INS), deletion(DEL), intra chromosomal translocation(ITX), inter chromosomal translocation(CTX) and inversion(INV). Conclusions A large number of somatic mutations occur in colorectal NETs, especially chromosome translocation

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to multiple etiological factors. In diabetics, lipid accumulation may cause lipid peroxidation and cell membrane lipid oxidation, leading to cellular injuries and triggering dysfunctions. Lipid accumulation may also lead to kidney injury in diabetics, such as glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and loss of podocytes. As a water-soluble low molecular glycoprotein, apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is an important factor in the regulation of human lipid metabolism. It is closely involved in the development of diabetes mellitus and related complications through insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarized the role and mechanism of APOC3 in diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.

To improve the accuracy of automatic recognition and classification of food images, a classification model CBAM- InceptionV3 is proposed, which embeds the Convolutional Block Attention Module. The specific method is to split the Inception V3 model with ImageNet pre-trained weight parameters into blocks, embed CBAM modules after each Inception block, and reassemble them into a new model, embedding a total of 11 CBAM modules. This new model is used for transfer learning of Food-101 food image dataset padded and scaled to 299 pixels in both length and width, with the highest accuracy of 82.01%. Compared with the original Inception V3 model, the CBAM module can effectively improve the model's feature extraction and classification capabilities. At the same time, transfer learning can significantly improve the accuracy rate and shorten the training time compared with the training from scratch. Compared with several other mainstream convolutional neural network models, the results show that this new model has higher recognition accuracy and can provide strong support for food image classification and recognition.

Objective·To investigate the distribution characteristics of vaginal flora in patients with cervical incompetence (CIC), and the effect of cervical cerclage on pregnancy outcome in patients with CIC with abnormal vaginal flora.Methods·A total of 1 261 pregnant women participated in the study. According to the diagnosis, they were divided into cervical incompetence group (CIC group) and normal pregnancy group (NP group). The CIC group patients randomly received cervical cerclage (CIC-C group) or expectation therapy (CIC-E group). Vaginal secretion samples of the patients in the groups were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. Meanwhile, through the results of vaginal flora, the CIC-C group and CIC-E group were further divided into normal vaginal flora groups (CIC-C-N group and CIC-E-N group) and abnormal vaginal flora groups (CIC-C-A group and CIC-E-A group). All groups were processed accordingly and analyzed on pregnancy outcomes. T-test and Chi-squared test were used for comparison between the groups, and One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among the three groups. Statistical significance was accepted at a value of P

In the process of vegetable fermentation, the variety and quantity of microorganisms are complex and changeable. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as the main power in the process of vegetable fermentation, participate in the regulation of various metabolic pathways and affect the formation of flavor. In this review, the changes of major flavor metabolites during vegetable fermentation and their internal relationship with the community structure and abundance of LAB were summarized, then the potential mechanism of LAB fermentation to produce flavor substances was discussed. Moreover, the application of LAB in vegetable fermentation was prospected.

By using a column elution method, potassium copper ferrocyanide(Cu-PBA) was in situ loaded on silicon bead(SiO2) column packing, thereby yielding a SiO2/Cu-PBA fixed bed column. The characterizations of SiO2/Cu-PBA by SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm techniques confirms the successful loading of Cu-PBA on SiO2. In batch experiments, it is found that the maximum adsorption capacity of SiO2/Cu-PBA for Cs+ is around 4.0 mg/g, and it needs 30 min to reach equilibrium adsorption. Then, the adsorpion behavior of Cs+ by the SiO2/Cu-PBA fixed bed was systematically studied, including the impacts of various operating parameters such as bed depth, bed diameter, flow rate, and influent Cs+ concentration. In the optimized fixed bed system, the adsorption behaviors of Cs+ and coexisting metal ions(K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) by SiO2/Cu-PBA and cation-exchanged resin were compared in both simulated groundwater and seawater. The efficient and highly selective removal of Cs+ by SiO2/Cu-PBA is addressed as well as the inefficiency of cation-exchanged resin in simulated seawater. Therefore, the SiO2/Cu-PBA composite will have great application prospects in the continuous removal of Cs+ from various Cs+-contaminated environmental water media.

[Objective] The construction of high-quality low-carbon cities is an important measure to address climate change issues, implement the concept of low-carbon development, and achieve the “dual carbon” goals, Therefore,the significance of examining the carbon emission reduction effect of low-carbon pilot cities policy is prominent. [Methods] Based on the panel data of 216 cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this study used the second and third batch cities of the low-carbon city construction pilot program for a quasi-natural experiment. Using the propensity score matching and difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) method and based on the robustness test results, this study analyzed the impact of low-carbon city construction on urban carbon emissions in multiple dimensions, and it used an mediation effect model to investigate the mechanism of impact of the low-carbon pilot program. [Results] (1) Compared with non-pilot cities, low-carbon pilot program participating cities significantly reduced urban carbon emissions, which remained significant after the inclusion of parallel trends and placebo robustness tests. (2) The low-carbon city pilot program can play a role in carbon reduction by improving the level of urban green technology innovation, adjusting industrial structure, and reducing energy consumption. (3) The carbon emission reduction effect of the low-carbon city pilot program had significant heterogeneity. The carbon emission reduction effect in eastern and central cities and non-resource-based cities was stronger than that in western cities and resource-based cities. The effect of the low-carbon city pilot program on carbon emission reduction was more obvious in the cities to the south of the Hu Huanyong Line than in cities to the northwest of the line. [Conclusion] This study evaluated the phased effect of carbon emission reduction of the second and third batch cities of the low-carbon city construction pilot program from a multi-dimensional perspective, which will help deepen the understanding and explore the path of low-carbon development, and provide references for more cities to systematically build low-carbon cities in the future. Under the new situation, the construction of low-carbon cities should follow the local conditions and change with time, develop differentiated and precise pathways to promote green development, and lay the foundation for the realization of the “30·60” carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.

Objective By collecting the patient information in the Colon Cancer Database of Peking Union Medical College Hospital since its establishment, we aim to demonstrate the completeness of the clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data to provide reference for single-center database establishment. Methods We collected 33 surgical patient information entries from the single-center prospective registry database of Colon Cancer at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 5, 2016 to May 11, 2022, including demographic characteristics, features of the primary lesion, surgical and pathological information and postoperative complications, and calculated the missing rate of each entry as well as the follow-up data. Results A total of 1682 patients with colon cancer were included in the analysis, in which 981 patients were male and 701 patients were female, with an average age of (62.75±11.97) years. The postoperative complication rate was 15.6% (263/1682). Among the data entries, demographic features such as sex, age, ethnic group as well as the pathologic staging were collected without missing. The relatively high-missing entries were the colonoscopy tumor site with a missing rate of 12.2%, followed by immunohistochemical information of mismatch repair with a missing rate of 8.0%. The missing rate of all 33 entries was distributed in 0-12.2%, of which 81.8% (27/33) were less than 1% and 93.9% (31/33) were less than 5%. As for follow-up data, the percentage of patients with complete missing follow-up was 1.7%, which meant 98.3% patients had available survival data. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year follow-up rates of patients enrolled before July 2, 2020 (patients enrolled after this date did not have regular follow-up information in a uniform format due to data migration) were 55.02%, 70.96%, 72.02%, 65.42% and 70.91%, respectively, and the 2-year complete follow-up rate was 19.5%. Conclusion The low rate of missing statistical entries and the high follow-up rate of our center's database has certain reference value for database establishment, but there is still room for improvement in terms of continuous follow-up.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the peptide composition and evaluate the reproducibility of the soybean oligopeptides. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography tandem high resolution mass spectrometry was employed for peptidomic analysis of the soybean oligopeptides prepared at the same condition at different batches. Generality and individuality of the samples were also discussed based on the heat map analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. Results: About 1 000 peptides were identified from each of the materials and most of them were short peptides. From the set analysis, 101 peptides were found of detectability from all samples, but there were also many peptides that could be only detected from part of the samples. Moreover, differences between the fifth sample and other samples were evidently observed from the principal component analysis. Conclusion: Though prepared at the same conditions, commonalities and differences coexisted across the samples from different batches. In practical production of oligopeptides, efforts should be made to narrow the differences and increase the commonalities, so that the reproducibility of the products can be improved.

According to the data released by the International Cancer Research Institute of the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate in women, and seriously endangers women's health.Many impressive advances have been achieved in fundamental and translational research of breast cancer, which deepened the understanding of the molecular nature of breast cancer and provided new scientific strategies for the precision treatment of breast cancer. This paper summarized the annual advances in fundamental and translational breast cancer research in 2022 in seven sections: tumor metabolism, tumor microenvironment, microbes and tumors, tumor metastasis, tumor drug resistance and drug screening, multi-omics research and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, we proposed an outlook on the future directions of breast cancer research to provide a reference for future studies.

Objective: To investigate the ameliorative effect of peptide AFYRW derived from tartary buckwheat protein against LPS-induced vascular endothelial injury. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce vascular endothelial injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used to detect the effect of AFYRW on cell proliferation. Western blot was used to evaluate the protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. An enzymatic assay was used to detect the changes in the content of nitric oxide (NO). Monocyte adhesion assay was used to detect the adhesiveness of HUVECs. Results: Peptide AFYRW significantly increased the survival activity of cells, decreased the relative protein expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS, reduced the content of NO, inhibited LPS-induced adhesion of human monocyte THP-1 cells to HUVECs and suppressed the activity of NF-κB. Conclusion: Peptide AFYRW can ameliorate LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs, which may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB activity.

Underwater videos often suffer from quality degradation. On the one hand, the exponential attenuation of the natural light in water media leads to the loss of underwater video quality. On the other hand, the video is unstable due to the underwater shooting environment such as flow and pressure. Considering the influence of underwater video spatial-temporal features and motion features on video quality, this paper proposes an objective no-reference video quality assessment (VQA) method for underwater scenes, named TS-UVQA (two-stream underwater video quality assessment). TS-UVQA adopts two-stream network structure: Spatial-temporal Net including three-dimensional convolution, switchable normalization and slow fusion strategy is designed to extract spatial-temporal features from the original video frames; Motion Net including two-dimensional convolution and switchable norm-alization is designed to extract motion features from the optical flow fields. Then, decision-level linear fusion is used to aggregate video features and realize high-precision underwater VQA. This paper takes the Pearson linear correlation coefficient (PLCC) and Spearman order correlation coefficient (SROCC) of the video quality assessment result and subjective quality score as indicators. Experimental results show that the motion characteristics extracted from the optical flow can enhance the performance of underwater VQA. Compared with 13 image/video quality assessment methods in an underwater video dataset, TS-UVQA achieves the best performance in terms of PLCC and SROCC. Further experiments on the natural scene video datasets, ECVQ, EVVQ and LIVE achieve a close perfor-mance to the state-of-the-art VQA method, and show that TS-UVQA has good generalization to nature scene VQA.

Ferroptosis, as a regulated and non-apoptotic form of cell death, provides a new research direction for tumor therapy. Ferroptosis is involved in the development of drug resistance in some tumors and also in the treatment process of many tumor therapies, which is a neglected mechanism in tumor therapy. This article will introduce the relationship between ferroptosis and different tumor treatment therapies from the aspects of tumor chemotherapy, tumor radiation therapy and tumor immunotherapy, and summarize the strategies of improving tumor treatment effect by ferroptosis, in order to provide reference for tumor treatment.

Objective To investigate potential relationship between gene polymorphisms of ATP-binding cassette B1, C4 (ABCB1, ABCC4) and solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 gene(SLCO1B1) with methotrexate (MTX) blood drug concentration and high dose-MTX (HD-MTX)-related adverse events (AEs) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods From January 2018 to December 2019, the blood samples were randomly collected from 275 hospitalized pediatric ALL patients in Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University. All patients were treated with HD-MTX. Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) was used to determine the MTX blood drug concentration at 45 h after infusion. Genotyping of ABCB1(rs1045642), ABCC4(rs7317112), and SLCO1B1(rs11045879 and rs10841753) were determined using MALDI-TOF MS based on MELPA technology. At the same time, chemotherapy-induced toxicity data including liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorder, mucositis, myelosuppression, and myocardial damage were recorded. The relationship of SNP polymorphism of these genes and MTX blood drug concentration with AEs were analyzed. Results All the genotypes analyzed were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P＞0.05). A statistically significant relationship between ABCC4 rs7317112 and SLCO1B1 rs11045879 genotype and 45 h MTX blood drug concentration was found(P＜0.05). The ABCC4 rs7317112 AA and AG genotypes and SLCO1B1 rs11045879 TT and TC genotypes may also be potential indicators for the excretion delay of MTX(P＜0.05). Conclusions ABCC4 rs7317112 and SLCO1B1 rs11045879 polymorphisms are potential genetic markers for individual MTX doses in the treatment of pediatric ALL patients.

Objective To establish mice tetraploid trophoblast stem cell(TTSCs) line which could be cultured in vitro, providing a new cell model for the research of placenta development. Methods Tetraploid embryos were produced by electrofusion and cultured in vitro, clones were picked up and passaged to establish cell lines. Metaphase chromosome counting was used to detect the chromosome number. RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of marker genes. Microinjection was used to detect the development potential in vivo. Results TTSCs that can develop in vivo and be passaged were established. The expression of differentiation genes was distinct between TTSCs diploid TSCs under differentiation condition. Conclusions Passable cell line TTSCs could be established in vitro, but the mechanisms of self-renew and differentiation were different between TTSCs and diploid TSCs.

In order to study the dynamic law of the quality change in low temperature yogurts,yogurts were stored at temperatures of 4 ℃,15 ℃,25 ℃ and 30 ℃ respectively,and the changes in protein level,fat level,acidity level,particle size,color,texture and total number of colonies were observed.The regression equation analysis shows that the changes of a* redness value (at 15℃,25℃ and 30 ℃),total color difference ΔE,colony number (at 4 ℃,15 ℃ and 25 ℃),softness and consistency (at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃)match the Zero-order kinetic model,while the changes of titratable acidity and b* yellowness value match the First-order kinetic model.The established shelf-life prediction model equation provides insights in the adjustment of storage and transportation conditions of low-temperature milk products,as well as quality monitoring during the storage period.

BACKGROUND Organic pollutants such as organochlorine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate in groundwater are potential threats to the ecological environment and human health. The development of efficient, accurate and rapid detection methods has practical significance. The organic pollutants in water are extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, for example, and are determined by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is not possible to measure multiple types of organic pollutants with low detection limits. OBJECTIVES To establish a rapid and accurate method for simultaneous determination of multiple semi-volatile organic compounds. METHODS An improved QuECHERS method was proposed to pretreat the sample. The organic phase was taken directly from the water sample after a small amount of organic solvent was added to the water sample without purification. Multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM) of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for qualitative analysis and internal standard method for quantitative analysis. The improved method achieved the simultaneous determination of 44 organic pollutants. The conditions of mass spectrometry were optimized, the extraction effects of different solvents were compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods and QuECHERS were compared. RESULTS The results showed that the linear relationship of 44 organic compounds was good in the concentration range of 1-200μg/L, and the detection limit and recovery of each organic compound met the requirements. CONCLUSIONS The method has the advantages of simple pretreatment, high sensitivity, low background of phthalate and simultaneous determination of multiple types of organics and can be effectively applied to the determination and evaluation of trace organic matter in groundwater.

Ceria-zirconia-alumina composite oxides CZxA (the molar ratios of Ce, Zr and Al are 1:x:2, x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2) fresh samples were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The samples were thermally aged in a flowing air atmosphere and in 10% H2/Ar flow. The structure and performance of the composite oxides were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results show that for CZxA samples, with the increase of the content of Zr, no CeAlO3 phase is observed in the CZ1.5A-H2-1100 and CZ2A-H2-1100 samples which are reductively aged at 1100 ℃; the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) is 713 μmol·g-1 and 548 μmol·g-1, respectively, far higher than the 23 μmol·g-1 of CZA-H2-1100; and the hydrogen consumption of H2-TPR is 1995 μmol·g-1 and 2087 μmol·g-1, respectively, while the hydrogen consumption of CZA-H2-1100 was significantly reduced to 310 μmol·g-1. The OSC of CZxA is affected by the formation of CeAlO3 during the reductive treatment, which is consistent with the change result of the hydrogen consumption of H2-TPR. It was found that CA samples are more likely to produce CeAlO3 after reductive treatment, and the CZ1.5A and CZ2A samples doped with a certain amount of Zr elements in CA can inhibit the formation of CeAlO3, thus significantly improve the oxygen storage performance and the hydrogen consumption of H2-TPR of the material. Furthermore, CZxA have better reduction performance at low temperature after reductive treatment.

Goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT) is an important method to accelerate patients rehabilitation after surgical operation. It can maintain the stability of hemodynamic indexes, balance of oxygen supply and demand, reduce the perioperative inflammatory response, minimize postoperative complications and improve the prognosis of patients.

In view of the high failure rate of key parts and low reliability of the whole machine in the working process of the new forage crusher, the expert scoring method was used to predict the reliability of the forage crusher, and the IFM was used to allocate the reliability. The results showed that the predicted reliability value of forage grass crushing machine was 0.668, which could not meet the requirements of reliability standard of forage grass crushing machine in China. Reliability was redistributed based on the prediction results, and lower failure rate weights and higher reliability were assigned to rotor and power transmission parts. High failure rate weight and low reliability were assigned to the crusher body. After redistributing the reliability of each subsystem, the reliability of the whole machine was 0.902 59, which met the reliability requirements of forage kneading machine system. The study indicates that the research can provide a method of reference for reliability prediction and distribution of forage processing machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding laser ablation behaviors of different target materials is essential for optimum laser parameters, external reference materials selection, as well as for data quality assurance. In this study, ablation behaviors of a 193nm ArF excimer laser for silicate glasses, common minerals, and powder pellets were investigated. Ablation rates influenced by laser parameters (including spot size, energy density, and laser frequency) were evaluated. Topographic images of craters generated during ablation illustrate that glasses and most minerals have controllable ablation behaviors, except for quartz. The worse ablation behavior of quartz may be ascribed to the micro-fluid inclusions, which could result in the overheating effect in laser pits. In general, powder pellets have worse ablation behaviors, but the increase of tableting pressure or reducing the particle grain size could improve the ablation behaviors. Ablation rates gradually decrease if the ablation depth is larger than 1.5 times of the spot size. The maximum ablation depth can reach twice the spot size when the energy density is 3.0 J/cm2 for the RESOlution M-50 laser system). Ablation rates increase with the increase of laser energy density, but ablation rates are not affected by the laser frequency (2-20 Hz). Ablation rates are specific to the individual substrates. In conclusion, the ablation rate data of 43 substrates, in which ablation rates of powder pellets are larger than glasses and minerals, whereas those of carbonates and sulfides are larger than silicate minerals, and those of NIST glasses are larger than geological glasses.

Agriculture is an important part of the global ecosystem carbon cycle, which is greatly affected by drought. Therefore, understanding the impact of drought on the carbon sink intensity of agro-ecosystems helps to figure out the change regular of agro-ecosystem carbon cycle and provide a theoretical basis for realizing the control of carbon emissions. In this paper, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China Plains is simulated by vegetation photosynthesis and respiration model (VPRM), and Drought Severity Index (DSI) is calculated based on evapotranspiration and normalized vegetation index to evaluate the agricultural drought intensity. The spatiotemporal response of NEE to agricultural drought is also assessed by using geographic detectors and de-trended analysis. The results show that the agricultural drought intensity in the northern part of North China Plains is more than that in the southern part of North China Plains during the growth period of winter wheat, and the agricultural drought intensity gradually decreases with the development of winter wheat. During the growth period of summer maize, North China Plains enters the rainy season and is generally wet. The carbon sequestration capacity of cropland ecosystem decreases with the increase in agricultural drought intensity, and the sensitivity of NEE of cropland ecosystem to agricultural drought is greater in the middle growth stage of winter wheat/summer maize than in the early and late growth stages. The spatial variability of agricultural drought has the largest explanatory power for NEE of winter wheat in March (q=0.68l). The explanatory power for NEE of summer maize is the highest in August (q=0.792). With the increase in agricultural drought intensity, wheat and maize fields change from strong carbon sink to weak carbon sink if grain carbon content is not considered, and finally change to carbon source if grain carbon content is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, low molecular weight phenolic resin was used as the main body, and melamine formaldehyde urea resin was added into the blending impregnation modified floor board. The optimal preparation process of melamine formaldehyde urea resin blending modified phenolic resin (modified phenolic resin A) and the optimal impregnation process parameters of light-colored no-paint floor were studied. The results showed that: when the ratio of melamine formaldehyde urea resin was 40%, the molar ratio of melamine urea was 1:1, and the molar ratio of phenol formaldehyde was 1:2, the modified phenolic resin A was prepared. After impregnation, the whiteness value was reduced to 4.3. Compared with the non-impregnated floor sheet, the hardness of the modified phenolic resin A impregnated floor sheet increased by 78%, compared with the traditional phenolic resin impregnated floor sheet increased by 45%. The surface wear resistance of modified phenolic resin A was 37.5% higher than that of traditional phenolic resin. All of the above conformed to requirements of the GB/T 18103--2013 "Solid Wood Composite Flooring". Through the modification of the floor table board, the surface color of the floor table board was lighter, and the wear resistance was better. Meanwhile, the spraying paint process could be removed, which simplified the three-layer solid wood composite floor preparation process and reduced the cost. The results were of great significance for guiding the actual production of the factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the notification data of EU recall, domestic supervision and spot check, and domestic recall, data statistical analysis and data visualization methods were used to compare and analyze the notification data of melamine and plant fiber tableware from the perspectives of notification times, notification reasons, and non-conformity items. The analysis of EU recall notification data shows that plant fiber is the most frequently reported material of food contact products. Melamine tableware has the risk of formaldehyde migration and melamine migration exceeding the standard. Plant fiber tableware contains unauthorized components, among which bamboo fiber components have the highest frequency of notification. The analysis of domestic supervision and spot check data shows that the average unqualified rate of melamine tableware is low, and the main risk is that the pollution resistance exceeds the standard. The unqualified rate of plant fiber tableware is higher than that of melamine tableware, and the main risks are excessive formaldehyde migration and melamine migration. Domestic recall notification data show that the main risks of melamine tableware are pollution resistance, label identification and structural defects. The main risk of plant fiber tableware is the excessive migration of melamine. Compared with melamine tableware, the risk of excessive migration of melamine and formaldehyde in plant fiber tableware is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active decoy jamming to SAR based on the Time-Delay Doppler-Shift (TDDS) method takes effect in certain region. Proper utilization of jamming ensuring decoy quality is based on the study of the effective region. After the mathematical analysis of the difference between jamming signal and real point-target echo, the paper points out that residual RCM, matched filter error, loss of doppler bandwidth are three main factors deteriorating the focus of jamming signal. Formulation of effective region is obtained and verified by simulation results. The study indicates that the TDDS method can effectively protect limited region around the jammer.

The study was to analyze the fluctuation trend and influencing factors of unit price of soybean meal in China. Based on MSIH (3)~VAR (2) model, the monthly data from April 2014 to December 2020 were selected to analyze the fluctuation situation and influencing factors of domestic soybean meal raw material unit price from the perspective of nonlinear. The results showed that the overall unit price of soybean meal raw materials can be summarize as "market downturn-stable operation-unit price rise" three regional system characteristics. Further analysis of the factors affecting the unit price of soybean meal raw materials showed that the fluctuation of corn price would cause the price of soybean meal raw materials to fluctuate in the same direction, but with lagging characteristics in terms of demand. At the supply level, the fluctuation of soybean meal raw material price was affected by the changes of agricultural production price, output and agricultural production price in the same direction, and the effect was more severe in the period of soybean meal raw material price rising, and weaker in the period of soybean meal raw material price low and stable. The study indicates that the unit price of soybean meal raw materials is easily affected by multiple factors on the supply side and the demand side, the price fluctuation of soybean meal raw materials should be stabilized from the price of soybean substitutes and the price of soybean production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the trophic relationship of important rock fishes, we analyzed trophic niche of three typical rockfish species ( Oplegnathus fasciatus, Sebastiscus marmoratus and Conger myriaster) in the Zhongjieshan Islands in summer 2020, based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques. We calculated the contributions of major carbon sources [ macroalgae, phytoplankton, suspended particulate organic matter ( POM) and substrate organic matter ( SOM) ]. The results showed that: 1) the ΔI3C values of the three species ranged from -21.44%c to -15.21%c, with an average value of ( -16.85±1.12)%c, while the S15N values ranged from 8.32%c to 10.96%c, with an average value of ( 9.69±0.66) %o. There were significant differences in carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes among the three species. 2) There was small niche overlap between O. fasciatus and S. marmoratus, indicating that the interspecific competition was not intense. There was no overlap between C. myriaster and the first two, indica¬ting feeding differentiation. 3) The total ecotone area, corrected core ecotone area, and food source diversity of C. myriaster were the highest, indicating that it had a more generalized diet and richer food sources. 4) With Mytilus coruscus as a baseline organism, the trophic level of C. myriaster was the highest (3.38), followed by S. marmora¬tus (3.09), and the trophic level of O. fasciatus was the smallest (3.00). 5) Results of the stable isotope mixture model ( SIAR) showed that POM was the main carbon source of the three species, contributing 57.4%, 57.9%, and 92.0% of the total, respectively. In addition, the contribution rate of SOM was also high for 0. fasciatus and S. marmoratus, which was 21.5% and 33.9%, respectively. This study could provide basic information and reference for understanding trophic structure and marine food web in Zhongjiashan Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community discovery can reveal the topology and important nodes of real social networks. Due to its linear time complexity and no need to define objective functions and objective parameters, Label Propagation Algorithm (LPA) is widely used in academic and practical fields as a classic community discovery algorithm. Aiming at the update disorder of LPA algorithm and the randomness of label selection, a Rational Node Label Propagation Algorithm Based on Node Influence (RLPBNI) is proposed. The algorithm takes the node influence ranking as the update order, introduces the concept of rational nodes for label selection, and defines the overlap degree for community dimensionality reduction. The analysis of the experimental results shows that, compared with other comparative algorithms, the RLPBNI algorithm can not only effectively improve the accuracy of community division, but also more easily discover hidden communities in networks with a high degree of mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process mineralogy of a copper sulfide ore with high arsenic content was studied by means of electron probe(EMPA)optical microscope mineral automatic quantitative analysis system(AMICS) scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy ( SEM-EDS), combined with chemical analysis chemicals. Results show that the main major mineral factor that influence the effective of copper concentrate is the occurrence of As in the ore. Besides, there is a dose relationship between arsenic-bearing copper minerals ( energize and arsenfahierz), and no-arsenic copper mineral ( chalcocite, bornite and chalcopyrite), hence, it is very difficult to separate arsenic-bearing copper minerals from non-arsenic- bearing copper minerals by grinding. Such ore characteristics determine that although the particle size of copper mineral is relatively coarse, and the proportion of monomer and rich continuum has reached 88. 04% when-0. 074 mm accounts for 50%, which can ensure high copper recovery rate and copper grade, it is inevitable that arsenic in copper concentrate exceeds the standard and affects the recovery of coppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the large area preparation and practical application of TiAl alloy coating on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy, a single and overlapped TiAl alloy coating was prepared on the titanium substrate by laser cladding. The cladding quality of the coating was analyzed by surface morphology and interface characteristics, the phase composition and microstructure of the coating were studied, and the hardness distribution between the interface of the cladding layer and the lap layer was measured. The results show that the coating is metallurgical, and there is no cracks and pores in the coating. The Ti/Al mainly exists in the form of TiAl(y), Ti3Al(a2), and trace elements, and the coating is mainly composed of double-state structure and lamellar structure. The average hardness of single cladding coating and lap coating is more than 1. 44 times that of substrate. The coating can carry out a wide range of multi-channel lap cladding, which proves the feasibility of the TiAl coating on the surface modification of the TC4 substrate. This study is of great significance for the practical application of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of 1,4-dioxane in narrow-distribution sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate (narrow- distribution AES) was studied by using n(SO3):n(narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether), sulfation temperature, volume fraction of SO3, storage time and neutralization temperature as single-factor variables on a laboratory device of sulfur trioxide falling film sulfation. The results showed that, the content of 1,4-dioxane in narrow-distribution AES would increase with the increase of excess SO3, sulfation temperature, volume fraction of SO3, storage time of narrow-distribution fatty alcohol ether, and neutralization temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of chitosan surfactants, dodecyl chitosan sulfate (D10CTS) and decyl chitosan sulfate (D12CTS) were synthesized by Schiff base reaction, reduction, sulfation and neutralization reaction. Their structures were identified by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), H NMR spectroscopy (¹H NMR), elemental analysis (EA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the degrees of alkylation are 0.77 and 0.52, and the degrees of sulfation are 1.35 and 1.79, respectively. Favourable surface activity and spreadability of D10CTS and D12CTS were evidenced by surface tension and contact angle measurements. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) are 0.69 and 0.49 g/L, and the minimum surface tension γcmc are 39.50 and 35.75 mN/m, respectively. The target products possess certain foaming properties and emulsification performance. The surfactants are low-foaming and are expected to play a potential application in the field of cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2018, a severe disease characterized by serious and shaped ulcers in the skins were broke out in the main culture area of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in Zhejiang Province. In order to elucidate the characterization of the causative agent and analyze virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogen, several bacterial strains were isolated from the lesions and visceral organs of diseased fish. These isolates were subjected to physiology and biochemistry characteristics analyses by using bacterial biochemical identification instrument and biochemical identification micro-tubes. For molecular identification, the 16S rRNA and pyrH were amplified by PCR and compared with sequences deposited in databases, and molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed. Based on the morphological characteristics, phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA and pyrH gene sequence analysis, the 11 predominant bacterial strains were identified as Vibrio mimicus. Challenge trials were conducted by intraperitoneal injection, and the results showed that the two representative isolates exhibited high virulence in yellow catfish, skin ulcers occurred in both changed group. The potential virulence of the V. mimicus isolates were examined by phenotypic and PCR assays. All the studied strains exhibited hemolytic activity, and were positive for extracellular protease and gelatinase and DNA degrading activity, but negative for lecithinase activity. Siderophore activity were observed in all V. mimicus isolates. The vmh, ompU and toxR genes were found in all the isolated V. mimicus, whereas none possessed the tcpA, ctxA, st, zot, ace or tdh gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated V. mimicus were determined by trace double dilution method and the results showed that the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, thiamphenicol, erythromycin thiocyanate, josamycin, sulfamethoxine, while resistance to neomycin sulphate and thiamphenicol were found in two isolates. Therefore, our study demonstrated the virulence of V. mimicus in yellow catfish as the causative agent of the enzootic. The isolated V. mimicus exhibited the same phenotypic traits and virulence-related genotype, also the biochemical characteristics and antibiotic resistance profile were similar, indicating that they had the same genetic background or source of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the EPC management mode and industrial characteristics of prefabricated buildings, China Construction Science & Technology Co. LTD., innovatively proposes a REMPC (Research + Engineering + Manufacture + Procurement + Construction) framework, which is a five-in-one project general contracting construction mode. Under the guidance of REMPC mode and the practice of Yujing Happiness Home Project, the company promotes the "11231" project general contract management method, and applies it to to a mixed service center of Pingshan High-tech Zone in Shenzhen. The findings of this study demonstrate that this method is valid and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the optimal split nitrogen fertilizer application methods for high yield and quality sweet potato production in intercropping, we conducted a field experiment using two sweet potato cultivars Yuzi 7 and Wanshu 10 with single N application, 2-split and 3-split N application, and measured the yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency in monocropping and interplanting in 2015-2016. The yield, single storage root weight, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content of storage root, apparent nitrogen use efficiency and partial nitrogen productivity were significantly increased in the two tested cultivars under 2-split and 3-split N application in monocropping and interplanting. Under interplanting, commodity rate was not significantly different in the two cultivars among the three N application treatments, however, the highest commodity rate was obtained under 3-split N application in monocropping. The highest content of β-carotene in the storage root was obtained when 3-split N application was used in Wanshu 10, and the highest content of anthocyanin in the storage root was obtained when 2-split N application was used in Yuzi 7, but the highest starch content of storage root was obtained when non-split N application was used in the two cultivars. All of the quality traits except soluble protein content of storage root, and yield and nitrogen use efficiency reduced in intercropping, but these traits were equal or better in 2 or 3-split N application when compared to those in monocropping. In conclusion, non-split N application could be used to increase the starch content of storage root, and 2 or 3-split N application could be used to increase other quality traits, yield and nitrogen efficiency of sweet potato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of zooplankton samples from 27 stations in the offshore area of Changjiang Estuary in August 2016, we analyzed the community structure and diversity of zooplankton and examined the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors. A total of 108 species of zooplankton belonging to 12 groups in six phyla, together with 15 types of pelagic larvae and fish eggs were identified. The main groups were copepods, thaliacea, chaetognaths, cladocladus and medusae, with the average abundance being 273.9, 115.0, 67.1, 63.6 and 61.1 ind • m-3. The most dominant group of zooplankton was copepods (48 species), accounting for 44.4% of the total zooplankton abundance. Medusae ranked second with a total of 12 species, accounting for 11.1% of the total zooplankton abundance. Furthermore, the absofute dominant group was copepods, with the highest contribution to the zooplankton community (20.3%). According to the clustering results of environmental factors, the area could be divided into Changjiang diluted water and offshore water mass. The results of analysis of similarities showed that the difference of zooplankton community between the two regions was significant (the average difference was 4%), and the contribution to the difference was 20.3%, 18.0%, 14.1%, 13.4%, and 11.8% for copepod, thaliacea, cladocera, chaetognaths, and medusae, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]