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We present fourth-order conservative non-splitting semi-Lagrangian (SL) Hermite essentially non-oscillatory (HWENO) schemes for linear transport equations with applications for nonlinear problems including the Vlasov–Poisson system, the guiding center Vlasov model, and the incompressible Euler equations in the vorticity-stream function formulation. The proposed SL HWENO schemes combine a weak formulation of the characteristic Galerkin method with two newly constructed HWENO reconstruction methods. The new HWENO reconstructions are meticulously designed to strike a delicate balance between curbing numerical oscillation and introducing excessive dissipation. Mass conservation naturally holds due to the weak formulation of the semi-Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin method and the design of the HWENO reconstructions. We apply a positivity-preserving limiter to maintain the positivity of numerical solutions when needed. Abundant benchmark tests are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SL HWENO schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, numerous devices have been deployed in complex environments for environmental monitoring and information transmission, which brings new power supply challenges. Wireless power transfer is a promising solution since it enables power delivery without cables, providing well-behaved flexibility for power supplies. Here we propose a compact wireless power transfer framework. The core components of the proposed framework include a plane-wave feeder and a transmissive 2-bit reconfigurable metasurface-based beam generator, which constitute a reconfigurable power router. The combined profile of the feeder and the beam generator is 0.8 wavelengths. In collaboration with a deep-learning-driven environment sensor, the router enables object detection and localization, and intelligent wireless power transfer to power-consuming targets, especially in dynamic multitarget environments. Experiments also show that the router is capable of simultaneous wireless power and information transfer. Due to the merits of low cost and compact size, the proposed framework may boost the commercialization of metasurface-based wireless power transfer routers. The rapid emergence of the Internet of Things has led to new power supply challenges. Here, authors propose a compact wireless power transfer framework that can intelligently deliver wireless power to devices in dynamic environments and simultaneously transfer information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower limb augmentation exoskeletons (LLAE) have been applied in several domains to enforce human walking capability. As humans can adjust their joint moments and generate different amounts of mechanical energy while walking on different terrains, the LLAEs should provide adaptive augmented torques to the wearer in multi-terrain environments, which requires LLAEs to implement accurate terrain parameter recognition. However, the outputs of previous terrain parameter recognition algorithms are more redundant, and the algorithms have higher computational complexity and are susceptible to external interference. Therefore, to resolve the above issues, this paper proposed a neural network regression (NNR)-based algorithm for terrain slope parameter recognition. In particular, this paper defined for the first time a unified representation of terrain parameters: terrain slope (TS), a single parameter that can provide enough information for exoskeleton control. In addition, our proposed NNR model uses only basic human parameters and LLAE joint motion posture measured by an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as inputs to predict the TS, which is computationally simpler and less susceptible to interference. The model was evaluated using K-fold cross-validation and the results showed that the model had an average error of only 2.09 ∘ . To further validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it was verified on a homemade LLAE and the experimental results showed that the proposed TS parameter recognition algorithm only produces an average error of 3.73 ∘ in multi-terrain environments. The defined terrain parameters can meet the control requirements of LLAE in urban multi-terrain environments. The proposed TS parameter recognition algorithm could facilitate the optimization of the adaptive gait control of the exoskeleton system and improve user experience, energy efficiency, and overall comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of blockchain technology, smart contracts have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. They are widely used because they can reduce the cost of trust compared with traditional contracts. At the same time, they are at risk of being hacked. Therefore, the current research on smart contract vulnerability detection is particularly important. We proposed a novel smart contract reentrancy vulnerability detection model based on BiGAS. We had conducted numerous experiments, and the experimental results showed that our model (BiGAS Detection Model) has a strong vulnerability detection ability. It achieves an accuracy and F1-score of over 93% for the detection of reentrancy vulnerabilities in smart contracts. To verify that the choice of SVM is one of the reasons for improving the performance of our method, Softmax was replaced by the SVM classifier in the model. The accuracy of the model with the classifier replaced with Softmax was 89.78% and the F1-score was 89.83%. In addition, we compared our approach with advanced automated audit tools and other deep learning-based vulnerability detection methods. Compared with the existing advanced methods, the accuracy and F1-score improvement of our model ranges from 4 to 23%. The conclusion was that our method is significantly better than the existing advanced methods in detecting smart contract reentrancy vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an Eulerian–Lagrangian (EL) Runge–Kutta (RK) discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for a linear hyperbolic system. The method is designed based on the ELDG method for transport problems (J Comput Phys 446:110,632, 2021), which tracks solutions along approximations to characteristics in the DG framework, allowing extra large time stepping sizes with stability with respect to the classical RKDG method. Considering each characteristic family, a straightforward application of ELDG for the hyperbolic system will be to transform to the characteristic variables, evolve them on associated characteristic-related space–time regions, and transform them back to the original variables. However, the conservation could not be guaranteed in a general setting. In this paper, we formulate a conservative semi-discrete ELDG method by decomposing each variable into two parts, each of them associated with a different characteristic family. As a result, four different quantities are evolved in EL fashion and recombined to update the solution. The fully discrete scheme is formulated by using method-of-lines RK methods, with intermediate RK solutions updated on the background mesh. Numerical results for 1D and 2D wave equations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed ELDG method. These include the high order spatial and temporal accuracy, stability with extra large time stepping size, and conservative property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the damage behaviors of optical mirrors induced by film defects (as film bumps, film pits and film contaminants) in high-power CW laser, a simulation study was carried out, which considered temperature, thermal stress and thermal deformation in results. The results show that the bumps of the film will primarily absorb laser energy, and its temperature, thermal stress and thermal deformation will become extremely high, which is easy to damage the film; similarly, the film pits will also absorb laser energy for its temperature rise, and the pits will expand to the inwards. The larger the size of the pits, the larger the expansion of melting range will be, and eventually damage the film layer; after absorbing the laser energy, the temperature of the film contaminants is very high (for film contaminants size of 150 μm, its maximum temperature reaching 900 K), even exceeding the damage temperature (523 K) that the film can withstand, and finally causing the film to be ablated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore a storage solution for titanium implants and investigate its osteogenic properties. The commercial pure titanium (cp-Ti) surface and double-etched (SLA) titanium surface specimens were preserved in air, saline, 10 mM Vitamin C (VitC)-containing saline and 100 mM VitC-containing saline storage solutions for 2 weeks. The surface microtopography of titanium was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface elemental compositions of the specimens were analyzed by Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle and surface roughness of the specimens were tested. The protein adsorption capacity of two titanium surfaces after storage in different media was examined by BCA kit. The MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured on two titanium surfaces after storage in different media, and the proliferation, adhesion and osteogenic differentiation activity of osteoblasts were detected by CCK-8, laser confocal microscope (CLSM) and Western blot. The SEM results indicated that the titanium surfaces of the air group were relatively clean while scattered sodium chloride or VitC crystals were seen on the titanium surfaces of the other three groups. There were no significant differences in the micromorphology of the titanium surfaces among the four groups. Raman spectroscopy detected VitC crystals on the titanium surfaces of two experimental groups. The XPS, water contact angle and surface roughness results suggested that cp-Ti and SLA-Ti stored in 0.9% NaCl and two VitC-containing saline storage solutions possessed less carbon contamination and higher surface hydrophilicity. Moreover, the protein adsorption potentials of cp-Ti and SLA-Ti surfaces were significantly improved under preservation in two VitC-containing saline storage solutions. The results of in vitro study showed that the preservation of two titanium surfaces in 100 mM VitC-containing saline storage solution upregulated the cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic related protein expressions of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In conclusion, preservation of cp-Ti and SLA-Ti in 100 mM VitC-containing saline storage solution could effectively reduce carbon contamination and enhance surface hydrophilicity, which was conducive to osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Load forecasting is crucial for the economic and secure operation of power systems. Extreme weather events, such as extreme heat and typhoons, can lead to more significant fluctuations in power consumption, making load forecasting more difficult. At present, due to the lack of relevant public data, the research on load forecasting under extreme weather events is still blank, so it is necessary to release a large-scale load dataset containing extreme weather events. The dataset includes electricity consumption data of industrial and commercial users under extreme weather events such as typhoons and extreme heat, which are collected at 15-minute intervals. The data is collected over six years from smart meters installed at the power entry points of users in southern China. The dataset consists of electricity consumption data from 386 industrial and commercial users in 17 industries, with more than 50 million records. During the recording period, extreme weather events such as typhoons and extreme heat are marked to form a total of 5,741 event records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research in the field of neuroscience primarily focuses on the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) activities associated with movement within the central nervous system. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating the impact of prolonged individual strength training on the resting state of the brain. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the correlation between upper body grip strength and resting-state EEG networks. In this study, coherence analysis was utilized to construct resting-state EEG networks using the available datasets. A multiple linear regression model was established to examine the correlation between the brain network properties of individuals and their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) during gripping tasks. The model was used to predict individual MVC. The beta and gamma frequency bands showed significant correlation between RSN connectivity and MVC (p < 0.05), particularly in left hemisphere frontoparietal and fronto-occipital connectivity. RSN properties were consistently correlated with MVC in both bands, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.60 (p < 0.01). Additionally, predicted MVC positively correlated with actual MVC, with a coefficient of 0.70 and root mean square error of 5.67 (p < 0.01). The results show that the resting-state EEG network is closely related to upper body grip strength, which can indirectly reflect an individual's muscle strength through the resting brain network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) is a lethal complication of acute pancreatitis (AP), but its clinical characteristics and prognosis remain obscure. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of PE in AP patients. PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched. Based on the data from cohort studies, the incidence and mortality of PE in AP patients were pooled. Based on the individual data from case reports, logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for death in PE patients. Among 6702 papers initially identified, 148 were included. Based on 68 cohort studies, the pooled incidence and mortality of PE in AP patients were 11% and 43%, respectively. The causes of death were clearly reported in 282 patients, of which the most common was multiple organ failure (n = 197). Based on 80 case reports, 114 AP patients with PE were included. The causes of death were clearly reported in 19 patients, of which the most common was multiple organ failure (n = 8). Univariate analyses showed that multiple organ failure (OR = 5.946; p = 0.009) and chronic cholecystitis (OR = 5.400; p = 0.008) were the significant risk factors of death among patients with PE. PE is not a rare complication of AP and indicates poor prognosis. Such a high mortality of PE patients may be attributed to its coexistence of multiple organ failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study of two cohorts to estimate inactivated vaccine effectiveness (VE) and its comparative effectiveness of booster dose among older people in Shanghai. Cohort 1 consisted of a vaccinated group (≥1 dose) and an unvaccinated group (3,317,475 pairs), and cohort 2 consisted of a booster vaccinated group and a fully vaccinated group (2,084,721 pairs). The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models were used to estimate risk and hazard ratios (HRs) study outcomes. For cohort 1, the overall estimated VEs of ≥1 dose of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe/critical Covid-19, and Covid-19 related death were 24.7% (95%CI 23.7%−25.7%), 86.6% (83.1%−89.4%), and 93.2% (88.0%−96.1%), respectively. Subset analysis showed that the booster vaccination provided greatest protection. For cohort 2, compared with full vaccination, relative VEs of booster dose against corresponding outcome were 16.3% (14.4%−17.9%), 60.5% (37.8%−74.9%), and 81.7% (17.5%−95.9%). Here we show, although under the scenario of persistent dynamic zero-Covid policy and non-pharmaceutical interventions, promoting high uptake of the full vaccination series and booster dose among older adults is critically important. Timely vaccination with the booster dose provided effective protection against Covid-19 outcomes. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines have been widely used in China, but there is limited real-world evidence for their effectiveness in this setting. Here, the authors estimate effectiveness of inactivated vaccines for people aged 60 or older in Shanghai during a period when Omicron was the dominant circulating variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensemble pruning becomes an important stage in multiple classifier systems, and it has been widely applied to solve binary classification problems. Diversity and performance measures are two widely used evaluation methods to build the selection criterion for ensemble pruning. However, few works consider both of them simultaneously, and they usually use one algorithm to measure the diversity or performance, which may not be enough to capture all the relevant diversities and performance of the base classifiers. To solve this problem, we propose a multiple criteria ensemble pruning method by employing multiple diversity and performance measures to capture the base classifiers' diversity and evaluate their classification ability respectively. Moreover, a multi-criteria decision making method, based on fuzzy soft set and Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence, is used to build the final selection criterion, which can make a good trade-off between the diversity and performance measures. With sixteen binary data sets, the experimental studies show its effectivity and superiority for ensemble pruning over six state-of-the-art benchmark methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discoveries of tetraquarks not only enrich the hadronic spectrum but also provide more platforms to understand quantum chromodynamics. We study the production processes of hidden-charm and open-charm tetraquarks in B decays by analyzing their topological amplitudes. Relations between different channels are found, which confront tests by experiments to probe the nature of the tetraquarks. Furthermore, promising channels to find more tetraquarks are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle re-identification (ReID) is to find a particular vehicle across different surveillant cameras in city roads. There are two main challenges in vehicle ReID. In one case, pictures of the same vehicle from different camera views often look different, which is called "intra-instance difference" in this paper. In another case, different vehicles of the same model and color often look similar from the same camera view, which is called "inter-instance similarity" in this paper. To deal with these challenges, we design a super-resolution-based part collaboration network (SPCN) for vehicle ReID, which aims to improve the performance of ReID system by paying attention to local features with strong differentiation. First, a fine-grained object detection method is used to find the discriminative local parts in vehicle images, and the image qualities of these local parts are enhanced by a super-resolution model with long skip connections. Then, a part collaboration mechanism is designed to realize the weighted fusion of local features, since different local features show different importance in the process of vehicle ReID task. Finally, the global features are fused with the local features to produce the identification results. Extensive experiments on two public data sets show the effectiveness of our method, which introduces less background noise and achieves state-of-the-art results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer is heterogeneous cancer and the causes of this disease are complex. New diagnostic and therapeutic targets are urgently needed to explore. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is directly related to Huntington's disease (HD). However, patients with Huntington's disease have a lower incidence of cancer. Therefore, we are committed to studying the correlation between HAP1 and gastric carcinogenesis and development. Methods and results: Immunohistochemical staining, western blot analysis, and RT-qPCR were conducted to explore the localization and expression of HAP1 in gastric cancer. To study the biological significance of HAP1, we overexpressed HAP1 in both MKN28 and AGS cell lines by lentivirus infection. To explore the role of HAP1 in cell proliferation, the cells counting assay, EdU incorporation assay, and colony formation assay were carried out. We performed the wound healing assay and transwell assay to study the cell migration and invasion. To further investigate whether HAP1 could regulate gastric cancer cell death during glucose deprivation, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was performed. In our study, we elucidated that HAP1 was downregulated in gastric cancer. What's more, overexpressing HAP1 inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and triggered apoptosis during glucose deprivation. More importantly, the antitumor properties and mechanisms of HAP1 have been elucidated further in gastric cancer. Conclusions: Taken together, the available evidence implies that HAP1 may serve as a potential tumor suppressor, making it a significant target in preventing and treating gastric cancer. This research provides a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis, clinical targeted therapy, and prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fastest route recommendation (FRR) is an important task in urban computing. Despite some efforts are made to integrate A∗ algorithm with neural networks to learn cost functions by a data driven approach, they suffer from inaccuracy of travel time estimation and admissibility of model, resulting sub-optimal results accordingly. In this paper, we propose an ASNN-FRR model that contains two powerful predictors for g(⋅) and h(⋅) functions of A* algorithm respectively. Specifically, an adaptive graph convolutional recurrent network is used to accurately estimate the travel time of the observed path in g(⋅). Toward h(⋅), the model adopts a multi-task representation learning method to support origin-destination (OD) based travel time estimation, which can achieve high accuracy without the actual path information. Besides, we further consider the admissibility of A* algorithm, and utilize a rational setting of the loss function for h(⋅) estimator, which is likely to return a lower bound value without overestimation. At last, the two predictors are fused into the A∗ algorithm in a seamlessly way to help us find the real-time fastest route. We conduct extensive experiments on two real-world large scale trip datasets. The proposed approach clearly outperforms state-of-the-art methods for FRR task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroprotection in acute stroke has not been successfully translated from animals to humans. Animal research on promising agents continues largely in rats and mice which are commonly available to researchers. However, controversies continue on the most suitable species to model the human situation. Generally, putative agents seem less effective in mice as compared with rats. We hypothesized that this may be due to inter-species differences in stroke response and that this might be manifest at a genetic level. Here we used whole-genome microarrays to examine the differential gene regulation in the ischemic penumbra of mice and rats at 2 and 6 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO; Raw microarray CEL data files are available in the GEO database with an accession number GSE163654). Differentially expressed genes (adj. p ≤ 0.05) were organized by hierarchical clustering, correlation plots, Venn diagrams and pathway analyses in each species and at each time-point. Emphasis was placed on genes already known to be associated with stroke, including validation by RT-PCR. Gene expression patterns in the ischemic penumbra differed strikingly between the species at both 2 h and 6 h. Nearly 90% of significantly regulated genes and most pathways modulated by ischemia differed between mice and rats. These differences were evident globally, among stroke-associated genes, immediate early genes, genes implicated in stress response, inflammation, neuroprotection, ion channels, and signal transduction. The findings of this study may have significant implications for the choice of species for screening putative stroke therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric interfaces have already been extensively researched in the area of human-machine interaction owing to their self-sustainability, low cost, easy manufacturing, and diverse configurations. However, some limitations (e.g., a large number of electrodes, multiple lines, and chunks) observed in previous works hinder the further development of human—machine interaction applications. Herein, a triboelectric encoding interface is proposed by designing the reverse polarity of the tribo-layers to encode the triboelectric output signals. Owing to the inversion of the tribo-layers and the number of strip electrodes, this encoding method can realize multipurpose interactive commands by using fewer electrodes and a simple structure only in one macroscopic triboelectric device, which greatly reduces the size of the device as well as the influence of external factors on the coded signal output. As a demonstration, a ring with the patterned triboelectric interface (15 mm × 20 mm) achieves slide presentation and remote electric device control. In addition, the triboelectric sensor has good sensitivity (1.55 V/N) and durability (> 30,000 cycles). This new encoding mode shows the high applicability of the operation mode in diversified interactive applications, which provides more design strategies for intelligent control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixed-mode fracture is one of the main failure forms of asphalt mixtures subjected to external loads. Acoustic emission (AE) technique could dynamically evaluate the fracture properties of materials. The objective of this paper is to investigate the fracture characteristics and behaviors during the failure process of asphalt mixtures aiming at the mixed-mode fracture problem. Firstly, the dynamic damage process of asphalt mixtures was characterized through simultaneously conducting the semi-circular bending (SCB) tests and AE tests under three fracture modes. Secondly, the fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures was calculated by the AE-based critical load corresponding to the macro-crack formation point. Thirdly, the failure mechanism of asphalt mixtures was revealed through the temporal characteristics of rise angle (RA) and average frequency (AF) values. Finally, the crack development process of asphalt mixtures was exhibited by the spatial characteristics of AE location results. The results show that the failure process of asphalt mixtures could be divided into four stages through the simultaneous mutations of cumulative AE energy, amplitude and count rate. The duration at each damage stages could clearly present the differences of damage behaviors between various fracture modes. The fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures obtained by AE method is 10–20% lower than that of the traditional mechanical method. The conversion form of the dominant mechanical behaviors could distinctly reveal the differences of the failure mechanism under various fracture modes. The concentration degree of the spatial distribution of AE location results could explicitly exhibit the distinction of the cracking behaviors under different fracture modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Corrugated steel plate shear walls (CoSPSWs) consist of corrugated steel wall plates and a steel boundary frame, which could be adopted as seismic-resistant systems for high-rise buildings. In this study, a performance-based seismic design (PBSD) method was proposed for CoSPSWs, in which an ideal yield mechanism and target drifts were selected as performance objectives to evaluate and control the inelastic behavior of the system. Two 10-story CoSPSW structures were then designed with the PBSD method and the traditional method respectively, and static pushover analyses as well as nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses were conducted on both structures. It turned out that the CoSPSW structure designed with the PBSD method presented the ideal yield mechanism, all inter-story drifts were well below the target drift of 2.5%, and the drifts distributed more smoothly under rare earthquakes. Structural and nonstructural fragility curves of both CoSPSW structures were obtained through probabilistic seismic demand analysis using Incremental Dynamic Analyses. The results showed that for the structural repair states of RS1 to RS5, the 25th percentile PGA values of the fragility curves of the CoSPSW structure designed with the PBSD method were 220%, 98%, 84%, 51 % and 13% higher than the CoSPSW structure designed with the traditional method, respectively. For the nonstructural damage states of Slight to Complete, the 25th percentile PGA values of the fragility curves of the CoSPSW structure designed with the PBSD method were 145%, 98%, 36%, and 7% higher than the CoSPSW structure designed with the traditional method, respectively. Therefore, CoSPSW structure designed with the PBSD method had lower seismic vulnerability as well as probability of nonstructural damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quadruped robots are likely to fall into the fault joint state in outdoor explorations. The unexpected joint lock may suddenly happen when quadruped robots are implementing normal gaits, and maintaining the primal movement patterns to finish targeted tasks could be disastrous. In this paper, a fault-tolerant motion planning and generation method for quadruped robots with joint lock is proposed. Fault-tolerant cases on three types of joints on legs are investigated, and equivalent geometric models are proposed to reconstruct kinematics. To make unnecessary deformation of gait patterns as small as possible, the body posture and standing height of quadruped robots are to be optimized based on the nonlinear equivalent geometry models with constraints. The proposed fault-tolerant method is applicable to constructing a quasi-static whole-body controller, and it does not require additional operations and constraints of the fault leg. To validate the consistency and stability of the proposed fault-tolerant method, the experiments are implemented on the three joint lock failure scenarios for quadruped robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) promise a new generation of efficient, low-cost, large-area and flexible electroluminescent devices. However, the inferior performance of green and blue QD-LEDs compared with their red counterpart is hindering the commercialization of QD-LEDs in display and solid-state lighting applications. Here we demonstrate green and blue QD-LEDs with ~100% conversion of the injected charge carriers into emissive excitons. The key to success is the elimination of electron leakage at the organic/inorganic interface by using hole-transport polymers with simultaneous low electron affinity and reduced energetic disorder. Our devices exhibit high external quantum efficiencies over a wide range of luminance values (peak external quantum efficiencies of 28.7% for green and 21.9% for blue) and excellent stability (extrapolated T95 lifetime is 580,000 h for green and 4,400 h for blue QD-LEDs). We expect our work to provide a general strategy for eliminating charge leakage in solution-processed LEDs featuring organic/inorganic interfaces. A new strategy to reduce charge leakage in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes enables high external quantum efficiencies of 28.7% and 21.9% and excellent T95 lifetimes of 580,000 h and 4,400 h for green and blue devices, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The effects of calcined temperature on the properties and ozone decomposition activity of manganese oxide catalysts were investigated under high-humidity, low ozone conditions. An outstanding manganese-based catalyst (MnOx (260 ℃)) was prepared, which could decompose above 90% (RH = 0%) and 70% (RH = 90%) ozone after 6 h using. Specific characterization showed MnOx (260 ℃) had excellent properties. XRD results showed MnOx (260 ℃) was mainly Mn3O4 and partially MnO2. TEM indicated MnOx (260 ℃) exposed highly active crystal family plan MnO2 (110), and the lattice fringes of MnO2 (110) and Mn3O4 (103) overlapped. In situ DRIFT showed hydroxyl groups adsorbed on MnOx (260 ℃) were removed, which is beneficial to inhibiting the inactivation caused by surface water accumulation. O2-TPD results proven MnOx (260 ℃) had good oxygen migration ability. XPS results manifested that MnOx (260 ℃) had the most adsorbed oxygen. In short, when the calcination temperature is appropriate, MnOx (260 ℃) has coexisted multiple phases, exposed high active crystal family plan and removed surface hydroxyl, which is conducive to the exposure of oxygen vacancies and the inhibition of deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the corrosion susceptibility of pure titanium under uric acid exposure for 7 days based on surface analysis. The prepared pure titanium specimens, exposed to different concentrations of uric acid, were examined for surface microstructure, surface element composition and surface wettability using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static contact angle measurement, respectively. The corrosion behaviors of titanium specimens were measured by open-circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. The titanium ion release from the prepared specimens, which were immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) containing different amount of uric acid, was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). More irregular pitting holes were observed on titanium surfaces exposed to a high concentration of uric acid, and XPS analyses revealed that the amount of titanium dioxide (TiO2) decreased. Titanium surfaces pre-treated with high uric acid became more hydrophobic. Furthermore, the results of OCP and potentiodynamic polarization tests showed increased corrosion susceptibility of titanium samples, while EIS data indicated more active corrosion behavior of titanium materials. The high concentration of uric acid also induced titanium ion release. High concentration of uric acid negatively influenced the surface characteristics and corrosion properties of titanium materials, which destroyed the titanium oxide film barrier. High uric acid exposure increased corrosion susceptibility of pure titanium specimens and accelerated titanium ion release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral hypoperfusion plays a pivotal role in the ictus and development of vascular dementia (VaD) with neuropsychiatric symptoms. To date, few pharmacological interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms are available in the VaD patients with neuropsychiatric impairments. Here, our results demonstrated that the extent of demyelination was dramatically deteriorated and the thickness of myelin sheath was evidently decreased in the presence of cerebral hypoperfusion, whereas Quercetin possessed the potential of abrogating these effects at least in part, then relieving anxiety and depression-like behavior when mice exposed to bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS)/chronic restraint stress (CRS). The underlying mechanism was that Quercetin facilitated secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and in turn decreased production of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) due to regulating microglial phenotype transformation, thereafter enhancing the microglial engulfment ability of myelin fragments in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the results demonstrated that that Quercetin mediated microglial transformation into anti-inflammatory phenotype to reduce demyelination in ventral hippocampus (vHIP), thereafter mitigating neuropsychiatric deficits (including anxiety and depression). The present research broadens the therapeutic scope of Quercetin in central nervous system (CNS) disorders with presence of white matter damage and/or the insufficient activation of anti-inflammatory microglia, particularly for vascular dementia with/without neuropsychiatric symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) alters astrocytes, but the effect of Aß and Tau pathology is poorly understood. TRAP-seq translatome analysis of astrocytes in APP/PS1 ß-amyloidopathy and MAPTP301S tauopathy mice revealed that only Aß influenced expression of AD risk genes, but both pathologies precociously induced age-dependent changes, and had distinct but overlapping signatures found in human post-mortem AD astrocytes. Both Aß and Tau pathology induced an astrocyte signature involving repression of bioenergetic and translation machinery, and induction of inflammation pathways plus protein degradation/proteostasis genes, the latter enriched in targets of inflammatory mediator Spi1 and stress-activated cytoprotective Nrf2. Astrocyte-specific Nrf2 expression induced a reactive phenotype which recapitulated elements of this proteostasis signature, reduced Aß deposition and phospho-tau accumulation in their respective models, and rescued brain-wide transcriptional deregulation, cellular pathology, neurodegeneration and behavioural/cognitive deficits. Thus, Aß and Tau induce overlapping astrocyte profiles associated with both deleterious and adaptive-protective signals, the latter of which can slow patho-progression. Alzheimer's disease is associated with changes in astrocytes. Here the authors investigated the astrocyte translatome associated with amyloid-ß and tau pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coping with the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have implemented public-health measures and movement restrictions to prevent the spread of the virus. However, the strict mobility control also brought about production stagnation and market disruption, resulting in a severe worldwide economic crisis. Quantifying the economic stagnation and predicting post-pandemic recovery are imperative issues. Besides, it is significant to examine how the impact of COVID-19 on economic activities varied with industries. As a reflection of enterprises' production output, high-frequency electricity-consumption data is an intuitive and effective tool for evaluating the economic impact of COVID-19 on different industries. In this paper, we quantify and compare economic impacts on the electricity consumption of different industries in eastern China. In order to address this problem, we conduct causal analysis using a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation model to analyze the effects of multi-phase public-health measures. Our model employs the electricity-consumption data ranging from 2019 to 2020 of 96 counties in the Eastern China region, which covers three main economic sectors and their 53 sub-sectors. The results indicate that electricity demand of all industries (other than information transfer industry) rebounded after the initial shock, and is back to pre-pandemic trends after easing the control measures at the end of May 2020. Emergency response, the combination of all countermeasures to COVID-19 in a certain period, affected all industries, and the higher level of emergency response with stricter movement control resulted in a greater decrease in electricity consumption and production. The pandemic outbreak has a negative-lag effect on industries, and there is greater resilience in industries that are less dependent on human mobility for economic production and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique crystal structure and multiple redox couples of iron titanate (Fe2TiO5) provide it a high theoretical capacity and good cycling stability when used as an electrode. In this study, the electrospinning method is employed to synthesize one-dimensional (1D) Fe2TiO5 nanochains. The as-prepared Fe2TiO5 nanochains exhibited superior specific capacity (500 mAh·g−1 at 0.10 A·g−1), excellent rate performance (180 mAh·g−1 at 5.00 A·g−1), and good cycling stability (retaining 100% of the initial specific capacity at a current density of 1.00 A·g−1 after 1000 cycles). The as-assembled Fe2TiO5/SCCB lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) also delivered a competitive energy density (137.8 Wh·kg−1) and power density (11,250 W·kg−1). This study proves that the as-fabricated 1D Fe2TiO5 nanochains are promising anode materials for high-performance LICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus) roots were collected from contaminated sediments which were artificially adding different concentrations of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to investigate the effect of concentration on the accumulation characteristics and chiral signatures of PCBs in lotus root during its growth period of 150 days. Under high PCB exposure concentration, the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) of PCBs 91, 95, and 136 in the lotus root were up to 0.25–0.46 and 8.10–10.5 times higher than those under low-exposure concentration (0.024–0.052). The BSAFs of PCBs 149, 176, and 183 under high-exposure concentration were up to 0.24–0.44, while they were undetected at low concentration. The significant difference observed in the BSAFs based on different concentrations indicates that the lotus root accumulation efficiency toward chiral PCBs increases with the contaminate concentration. Although the (–)-enantiomers of PCBs 91, 95, and 136 were all preferentially accumulated in lotus root under two exposure concentrations, the extent of the preferential accumulation of (–)-PCB 95 decreased with increasing exposure concentration throughout the whole growth period (30–150 days). In addition, the (–)-enantiomers of PCBs 91 and 136 also showed the same tendency during most of the growth period. Conclusively, the exposure concentrations are an important influence factor on the enantioselective accumulation of chiral PCBs in lotus root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely thought that the water-oxidation reaction limits the maximum work function to about 5.25 eV for hole-doped semiconductors exposed to the ambient, constrained by the oxidation potential of air-saturated water. Here, we show that polymer organic semiconductors, when hole-doped, can show work functions up to 5.9 eV, and yet remain stable in the ambient. We further show that de-doping of the polymer is not determined by the oxidation of bulk water, as previously thought, due to its general absence, but by the counter-balancing anion and its ubiquitously hydrated complexes. The effective donor levels of these species, representing the edge of the 'chemical' density of states, can be depressed to about 6.0 eV below vacuum level. This can be achieved by raising the oxidation potential for hydronium generation, using large super-acid anions that are themselves also stable against oxidation. In this way, we demonstrate that poly(fluorene-alt-triarylamine) derivatives with tethered perfluoroalkyl-sulfonylimidosulfonyl anions can provide ambient solution-processability directly in the ultrahigh-workfunction hole-doped state to give films with good thermal stability. These results lay the path for design of soft materials for battery, bio-electronic and thermoelectric applications. Realizing ultra-high work functions (UHWFs) in hole-doped polymer semiconductors remains a challenge due to water-oxidation reactions. Here, the authors determine the role of water-anion complexes in limiting the work function and develop a design strategy for realizing UHWF polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced metering infrastructure and bilateral communication technologies facilitate the development of the home energy management system in the smart home. In this paper, we propose an energy management strategy for controllable loads based on reinforcement learning (RL). First, based on the mathematical model, the Markov decision process of different types of home energy resources (HERs) is formulated. Then, two RL algorithms, i.e. deep Q-learning and deep deterministic policy gradient are utilized. Based on the living habits of the residents, the dependency modes for HERs are proposed and are integrated into the reinforcement learning algorithms. Through the case studies, it is verified that the proposed method can schedule HERs properly to satisfy the established dependency modes. The difference between the achieved result and the optimal solution is relatively small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetation in wetlands is a large-scale nature-based resource that can provide multiple benefits to human beings and the environment, such as wave attenuation in coastal zones. Traditionally, there are two main calibration approaches to calculate the attenuation of wave driven by vegetation. The first method is a straightforward one based on the exponential attenuation of wave height in the direction of wave transmission, which, however, overlooks the crucial drag coefficient (CD). The other method is in accordance with more complicate equations for predicting the damping factor, which is regarded as a function of CD. In this study, a new relation, combining these above two conventional approaches, is proposed to predict the CD in an operative approach. Results show that values yielded by the new assessment method perform a strong linear relationship with a collection of historical observations, with a promising R2 value of 0.90. Besides, the linear regression derives a new predictive equation for the bulk drag coefficient. Additionally, a calibrated value of 4 for the empirical plant drag coefficient (CP) is revealed. Overall, this new equation, with the superiority of the convenient exponential regression, is expected to be a rapid assessment method for calculating wave attenuation by vegetation and predicting the drag coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to evaluate the durability of the protective immune response elicited by primary infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we systematically evaluated the SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cell and T cell responses in healthy controls and individuals recovered from asymptomatic or symptomatic infection approximately 6 months prior. Comparatively low frequencies of memory B cells specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein (S) persisted in the peripheral blood of individuals who recovered from infection (median 0.62%, interquartile range 0.48-0.69). The SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific memory B cell response was detected in 2 of 13 individuals who recovered from asymptomatic infection and 10 of 20 individuals who recovered from symptomatic infection. T cell responses induced by S, membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) peptide libraries from SARS-CoV-2 were observed in individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 were also detected in healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential abundance of allelic transcripts in a diploid organism, commonly referred to as allele specific expression (ASE), is a biologically significant phenomenon and can be examined using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from RNA-seq. Quantifying ASE aids in our ability to identify and understand cis-regulatory mechanisms that influence gene expression, and thereby assist in identifying causal mutations. This study examines ASE in breast muscle, abdominal fat, and liver of commercial broiler chickens using variants called from a large sub-set of the samples (n = 68). ASE analysis was performed using a custom software called VCF ASE Detection Tool (VADT), which detects ASE of biallelic SNPs using a binomial test. On average ~ 174,000 SNPs in each tissue passed our filtering criteria and were considered informative, of which ~ 24,000 (~ 14%) showed ASE. Of all ASE SNPs, only 3.7% exhibited ASE in all three tissues, with ~ 83% showing ASE specific to a single tissue. When ASE genes (genes containing ASE SNPs) were compared between tissues, the overlap among all three tissues increased to 20.1%. Our results indicate that ASE genes show tissue-specific enrichment patterns, but all three tissues showed enrichment for pathways involved in translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amphiphilic block copolymer consisting of poly(N-acryloyl-glucosamine) (PAGA) and poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) was designed and grafted on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4MWCNTs). The resultant Fe3O4MWCNTs@copolymer was proposed as QuEChERS adsorbent for determination of 15 mycotoxins and 25 pesticides in grains via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The adsorbent was characterized by a transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, elemental analysis, and other techniques. The common matrix interferences were efficiently removed by the proposed adsorbent, such as pigment, fatty acids, and the saccharide. PAGA segment played an important role in removing the hydrophilic interferences through hydrogen bonding due to the high density of hydroxyl groups. PtBMA segment removed the fatty residues through its strong hydrophobic carbon moiety. In comparison with the commercially available QuEChERS adsorbents, the proposed adsorbent had higher adsorption capacities towards the typical matrix interferences. To achieve satisfactory recoveries of analytes, various parameters in the QuEChERS procedure were comprehensively investigated. Under the optimal conditions, 95.0% of the analytes showed satisfactory recoveries in the range 70.0–120% as well as negligible matrix effects. The limits of detection (LOD) were in the range 0.00015–1.3 μg kg−1. Compared with previously reported QuEChERS methods, the proposed method had improved sensitivity and benefited from low matrix effects. The recoveries of analytes in various grains were in the range 60.8–108% with relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 13%. Moreover, the Fe3O4MWCNTs@copolymer exhibited good synthetic reproducibility and rapid magnetic separation (less than 10 s). The research provides a versatile platform to develop multi-functional QuEChERS adsorbents based on the amphiphilic block copolymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new kinetic model for multiphase flow was presented under the framework of the discrete Boltzmann method (DBM). Significantly different from the previous DBM, a bottom-up approach was adopted in this model. The effects of molecular size and repulsion potential were described by the Enskog collision model; the attraction potential was obtained through the mean-field approximation method. The molecular interactions, which result in the non-ideal equation of state and surface tension, were directly introduced as an external force term. Several typical benchmark problems, including Couette flow, two-phase coexistence curve, the Laplace law, phase separation, and the collision of two droplets, were simulated to verify the model. Especially, for two types of droplet collisions, the strengths of two non-equilibrium effects, D ¯ 2 ∗ and D ¯ 3 ∗ , defined through the second and third order non-conserved kinetic moments of (f − feq), are comparatively investigated, where f (feq) is the (equilibrium) distribution function. It is interesting to find that during the collision process, D ¯ 2 ∗ is always significantly larger than D ¯ 3 ∗ D ¯ 2 ∗ can be used to identify the different stages of the collision process and to distinguish different types of collisions. The modeling method can be directly extended to a higher-order model for the case where the non-equilibrium effect is strong, and the linear constitutive law of viscous stress is no longer valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitivity Amplification Control (SAC) algorithm was first proposed in the augmentation application of the Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX). Since the SAC algorithm can greatly reduce the complexity of exoskeleton system, it is widely used in human augmentation applications. Nevertheless, the performance of the SAC algorithm depends on the accuracy of dynamic model parameters. In this paper, we propose a novel Model-based control with Interaction Predicting (MIP) strategy to lower dependency on the accurate dynamic model of the exoskeleton. The MIP consists of an interaction predictor and a model-based controller. The interaction predictor can predict motion trajectories of the pilot and substitute for the pilot to drive the exoskeleton through an impedance model. In proposed strategy, the model-based controller not only amplify the forces initiated by the interaction predictor, but more importantly the forces imposed by the pilot to correct the errors between the predictive motion trajectory and the intended motion trajectory of the pilot. Illustrative simulations and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy. Additionally, the comparisons with traditional model-based control algorithm are also presented to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed control strategy for lowering dependency on dynamic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrugated steel plate shear walls (CoSPSWs), which consist of corrugated infill steel wall panels and steel boundary frames, could be used as lateral force-resisting systems for mid- to high-rise buildings. In seismic design, the fundamental vibration period is generally estimated by empirical formulae corresponding to different types of lateral force-resisting systems. However, both the formulae in various design specifications and improved formulae proposed recently for steel shear walls with flat wall panels were not suitable and accurate for CoSPSWs since the difference in the load-carrying mechanism of steel shear walls with flat and corrugated wall panels respectively. Eigenvalue frequency analyses were conducted on a total of 60 validated CoSPSW finite element models with varying geometries, and results showed that fundamental periods estimated by current formulae were shorter than periods from the analyses, which might lead to the over-conservative and uneconomic design. Improved empirical formula was proposed for the fundamental period of CoSPSWs based on regression analyses. Simplified calculation method for calculating the fundamental period of CoSPSWs after the first trial design was proposed using the shear-flexure cantilever formulation, and validated through finite element analyses. Furthermore, influences of major geometric properties of CoSPSWs on the fundamental period was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bifenthrin (BF) and acetochlor (AT) are widely used as an insecticide and herbicide, respectively, which are introduced to the aquatic environment as a natural result. Although the thyroid active substances may coexist in the environment, their joint effects on fish have not been identified. We examined the joint toxicity of BF and AT in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in this study. An acute lethal toxicity test indicated that the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of BF and AT under 96 h treatment were 0.40 and 4.56 µmol L−1, respectively. The binary mixture of BF + AT displayed an antagonistic effect on the acute lethal toxicity. After 14 days post fertilization (dpf) with exposure to individual pesticides at sub-lethal concentrations of, no effects were observed on the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities, while the binary mixtures (except for the 7.2 × 10−3 µmol L−1 BF + 1.2 × 10−2 µmol L−1 AT exposure group) significantly induced the CAT activity. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and triiodothyronine (T3) level were significantly increased in all exposure groups. The thyroxine (T4) level remained unchanged after exposure to individual pesticides, but significantly increased in the 7.2 × 10−3 µmol L−1 BF + 1.2 × 10−2 µmol L−1 AT group. The expressions of the genes Dio2, TRa, TSHβ and CRH in the thyroid hormone (TH) axis were significantly up-regulated in the 7.2 × 10−3 µmol L−1 BF + 0.4 × 10−2 µmol L−1 AT group. Our data indicated that the binary mixture of BF + AT significantly altered the antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis and changed the TH levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is common among patients with schizophrenia; however, the pathogenesis is still unclear. Different types of antipsychotics may have different effects on BMD in inpatients with schizophrenia. Introduction: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolactin-raising (PR) antipsychotics vs. clozapine combined with PR antipsychotics on BMD of patients with schizophrenia and analyzed clinically related factors that may affect BMD. Methods: A total of 125 participants (males/females = 62/63) were included. Patients were treated with PR antipsychotics vs. clozapine combined with PR antipsychotics. They were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics. BMD was examined in their lumbar spine and proximal femur by a dual-energy X-ray (DEXA) absorption measurement device. Laboratory variables (including blood levels of prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol) were collected. Results: Among 125 inpatients with schizophrenia, the prevalence of osteoporosis and low BMD (including osteoporosis and osteopenia) was 26.4% and 64%. The average BMD T value in patients receiving clozapine combined with PR antipsychotics was significantly higher than in patients receiving PR antipsychotics (p < 0.05). Patients in the clozapine combined with PR antipsychotic group had higher testosterone levels than the PR antipsychotic group (Z = − 2.77, p = 0.006). Linear logistic regression analysis indicated that clozapine combined with PR antipsychotic treatment (p < 0.05) and higher estradiol level (p < 0.05) may be significantly associated with higher BMD. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of clozapine may be a protective factor for low BMD induced by PR antipsychotics in inpatients with schizophrenia. The possible mechanism is that clozapine may protect BMD by regulating estrogen and testosterone levels, but the mechanism by which clozapine regulates these two sex hormones needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery in MGD patients and their relationships Methods: The study included 115 patients (115 eyes) with age-related cataract that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the MGD diagnostic criteria: group A (MGD group) and group B (control group). Schirmer I test (ST-I), tear breakup time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were performed preoperatively and at 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days postoperatively. We also measured eyelid meibomian gland morphology, meibomian gland expression, and meibum character scores before and after the cataract surgery. Results: Postoperatively, in group A, TBUT decreased and CFS scores increased significantly. ST-I increased in the early postoperative course but decreased later. The eyelid margin morphology scores and meibomian gland expression scores of group A significantly increased after the cataract operation. Thus, patients with MGD may have a greater chance of developing the dry eye disease after cataract surgery. Cataract surgery may aggravate the signs of MGD, and the severity of MGD may positively correlate with TBUT, CFS, and corneal lesions after surgery. Conclusions: The characteristics of dry eye after cataract surgery in patients with MGD are different from common cataract patients, changes in the early postoperative phase to the ocular surface were caused by surgical factors, and the damages to epithelial function in the later postoperative phase were mainly associated with the inflammation of the meibomian gland and eyelid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]