1. Neuroprotective Effects of Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan Matrix Implantation following Surgical Brain Injury.
- Author
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Chen JH, Hsu WC, Huang KF, and Hung CH
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain drug effects, Brain surgery, Collagen chemistry, Glycosaminoglycans chemistry, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Male, Microglia drug effects, Microglia metabolism, NF-kappa B metabolism, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Signal Transduction drug effects, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Brain Injuries drug therapy, Collagen therapeutic use, Cytokines metabolism, Glycosaminoglycans therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Neurological deficits following neurosurgical procedures are inevitable; however, there are still no effective clinical treatments. Earlier reports revealed that collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) matrix implantation promotes angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and functional recovery following surgical brain injury (SBI). The present study was conducted to further examine the potential neuroprotective effects of collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) matrix implantation following neurosurgery., Methods: CG implantation was performed in the lesion cavity created by surgical trauma. The Sprague-Dawley rat model of SBI was used as established in the previous study by the author. The rats were divided into three groups as follows: (1) sham (SHAM), (2) surgery-induced lesion cavity (L), and (3) CG matrix implantation following surgery-induced lesion cavity (L+CG). Proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and NF- κ B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)) cytokine expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Microglial activation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the neuroprotective effect of CG matrix implantation was evaluated by an immunohistochemical study of microglia ED-1 and IBA-1 (activated microglia) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and by the analysis of IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α , NF- κ B, and GMCSF cytokine levels. Apoptosis was also assessed using a TUNEL assay., Results: The results showed that CG matrix implantation following surgically induced lesions significantly decreased the density of ED-1, IBA-1, and MPO (activated microglia). The tissue concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF- α , IL-6, and NF- κ B was significantly decreased. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokines GMCSF and IL-10 were significantly increased., Conclusions: Implantation of the CG matrix following SBI has neuroprotective effects, including the suppression of microglial activation and the production of inflammatory-related cytokines.
- Published
- 2019
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