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Introduction: The article presents the results of a study on scientific collaboration between Spanish universities and private enterprise, measured in terms of the co-authorship of papers published in international journals. Method: Bibliometric analysis of papers published in journals listed in Scopus in 2003-2011. Indicators were calculated for output, collaboration, standardised impact and publication in highly reputed journals. Analysis: A number of dimensions were explored: (1) publication patterns among domestic companies; (2) subject matter distribution and impact of the papers published; (3) university-company partnering based on papers co-authored by university and private sector researchers; and (4) regional differences. Results: The three fields where production was most intense were biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, engineering and medicine. Research in collaboration with companies had a lower normalised impact than research conducted by universities alone. The highest volumes of private sector collaboration with Spanish universities were recorded for pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions: Companies' output was observed to decline across the period studied and their academic articles appeared to be less visible than the papers published by other institutions.

The shortfall of young people, particularly women, in the field of Science, Mathematics and Engineering (SME) has been shown in many national studies. Schreiner and Sjoberg (2007) indicated that boys outnumber girls in physics and engineering studies, while the gender balance is shifted towards the girls in studies including medicine, veterinary medicine, environmental science and biology. This paper sets out to explore the issues, which are relevant to understanding these gender differences and the factors affecting students' career choices. The instrument called "Vilje-con-valg" was used to obtain data from 1635 first year students from eight different departments--mechanical, civil, computer, electrical-electronics, industrial, chemical, environmental and food engineering at 21 universities in Turkey. The results of this study showed that (i) most of the students decided on career options during their last grade level in high school or after graduation from high school, (ii) students were influenced by the jobs that they were interested in; their talents and abilities that they wanted to use and job prospects after graduation, (iii) internet, popular scientific magazines, books and movies were important factors in choosing their careers and (iv) the creativity and independence in the jobs are important considerations that influence career decisions. (Contains 7 tables and 1 figure.)

Reports the effectiveness of the statistical assessment scheme for papers submitted to the 'British Medical Journal,'. Statistical criticism of the content; Comparison of reports on published and unpublished papers; Acceptability of assessed papers.

We examine the bibliometric profile ofTropical Medicine and International Healthusing the subjects of the articles published and the geographical distribution of the authors. The most common subject areas of papers published during 1996–2003 are highlighted, and the most cited papers indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Journal of Investigative Dermatology" had another successful year in 1990, as exemplified by growing submission and publication of a large and varied journal of high-quality papers. A new category, the "High impact" paper, has been introduced in order to identify particular important papers early in the review process and hasten those papers to publication. the time for submission to decision on these papers is under one month, if authors complete revisions rapidly, these papers can be published in four months from submission.

This paper reports that a large-scale, multinational attempt in Europe to rank humanities journals has set off a revolt. In a protest letter, some journal editors have called it "a dangerous and misguided exercise." The project has also started a drumbeat of alarm in this country, as U.S.-based scholars begin to grasp the implications for their own work and the journals they edit. The ranking project, known as the European Reference Index for the Humanities, or ERIH, is the brainchild of the European Science Foundation, which brings together research agencies from many countries. It grew from a desire to showcase high-quality research in Europe. Panels of four to six scholars, appointed by a steering committee, compiled initial lists of journals to be classified in 15 fields. Each journal was assigned to a category--A, B, or C--depending on its reputation and international reach. The denunciation of the project as dangerous appears in an open letter signed by more than 60 editors of journals devoted to the history of science, technology, and medicine. They also ask to have their journals removed from the rankings. The letter will be published in the first 2009 issues of those journals, which include "Centaurus, Perspectives on Science, Isis, Annals of Science," and "the British Journal for the History of Science".

Focuses on retractment of a paper published in 1998 in the journal 'New England Journal of Medicine,' by its editors. Reasons for retractment; Authors and theme of the paper.

Focuses on the use of computer system for the publication of the journal 'British Medical Journal' in Great Britain. Scheme on the use of computer system in the editorial office; Problems relating to computer systems; Advantage on the use of computer systems.

Lists titles of articles related to medicine that will be published in 'Traffic' periodical.

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and influence of predatory journals in the field of dermatology in Austria. A total of 286 physicians (50.5% men) completed a questionnaire. The vast majority of subjects read scientific articles (n = 281, 98.3%) and took them into consideration in their clinical decisionmaking (n = 271, 98.5% of participants that regularly read scientific literature). Open access was known by 161 (56.3%), predatory journals by 84 (29.4%), and the Beall's list by 19 physicians (6.7%). A total of 117 participants (40.9%) had been challenged by patients with results from the scientific literature, including 9 predatory papers. Participants who knew of predatory journals had a higher level of education as well as scientific experience, and were more familiar with the open-access system (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the majority of dermatologists are not familiar with predatory journals. This is particularly the case for physicians in training and in the early stages of their career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides instructions to authors of the "British Journal of Pharmacology." Classification of the contributions accepted by the journal into full papers, Review Articles and Commentaries; Directions for papers which describe experiments on animals that do not fall clearly within the current laws governing animal experimentation in Great Britain; Ways of submitting the manuscripts.

The article outlines the most salient features of the journal "IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering" (T-BME) during 2005. Also, the article addresses some important modifications that will add to the quality and scope of the journal. All T-BME issues in 2005 were printed in time. Moreover, there was a decrease in the paper backlog in 2005. It is expected that with the increase of the page budget for 2006, it should drop to a residual value at the end of the year. A new type of manuscript called T-BME Letters, the first of its kind in bioengineering will be started from the year 2006. Manuscripts submitted to T-BME under the category of letters will have a special treatment.

Provides instructions for authors on the publication of papers in neurology and related areas in the "European Journal of Neurology". Categories of publications; Submission of manuscripts; Author material archive policy.

Presents instructions for authors who want to publish their papers in the "European Journal of Neurology." List of categories that are to be published in the journal; Submission of manuscripts; Presentation of manuscripts.

Presents selected abstracts of papers from various health journals published as of November 2002. 'Our Compact With Tommorow's Doctors,' by Jordan J. Cohen, published in 'Academic Medicine'; 'Understanding Social Influence in Medical Education,' by Michael Wilkes and Bertram H. Raven, published in the 'Academic Medicine.'

This paper places 'Islam and bioethics' within the framework of 'religion and science' discourse. It thus may be seen as a complement to the paper by Henk ten Have () with which this thematic section in Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science opens, which places 'Islam and bioethics' in the context of contemporary bioethics. It turns out that in Zygon there have been more submitted articles on Islam and bioethics than on any other Islam-related topic. This may be a consequence of the global nature of the bioethical issues, driven by advancement in science and technology, which allows for conversation across cultural and religious boundaries even when the normative references and argumentative methods are tradition-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information related to the journal "Diabetologia." Throughout the years Diabetologia has gone through a remarkable development. Starting with only 247 printed pages in 1965, the Journal today publishes more than 200 articles a year filling some 1700 pages. In parallel, the number of manuscripts submitted for publication rose from 100 in 1965 to more than 1000 in 2003. To attract even more high quality scientific reports Diabetologia has recently established two Annual Best Paper Awards of euro 4000 each for excellence in diabetes research in either basic or clinical science.

Canadian Bulletin of Medical History / Bulletin canadien d'histoire de la medicine. Theme issue on Book Culture and Medicine. Vol. 12, no. 2 (1995); $30.00 (paper). ISSN 0823-2105. Dr. Jennifer [...]

Data sourcesJournal selection was from the 2003 Journal Citation Reports Science Edition (for dental journals) and the 2005 Journal Citation Reports Science and Social Science Edition (for the non-dental journals). The database searched was the Ovid version of Medline.Study selectionStudies had to be in English, with a predominantly qualitative approach, published between 1999 and 2004 (for dental journals) and between 2002 and 2006 (for non-dental journals)Data extraction and synthesisArticles were screened by a research team experienced in sociology, psychology and oral health qualitative research. Two researchers independently appraised each paper and reached consensus, involving a third researcher to resolve disagreements where necessary. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) appraisal framework for qualitative research was used to assess the quality of the papers and this was one of the outcomes. The main outcome was the percentage of the CASP criteria which were fully met for each study, and these were then grouped under journal impact factor range.ResultsForty-three qualitative research papers were appraised. Twenty-five were in dental journals and 18 in non-dental journals. There was a gradient in the number of studies published according to the journal impact factor, with the highest impact factor journals publishing the least qualitative research. There was a general lack of detail in reporting within the papers, with 35% of the studies providing little or no details about the analysis process, such as the stages involved or derivation of themes. Methodological rigour was considered deficient in many of the studies and in a number of areas: eg data saturation was mentioned in only 25% of studies; how contradictory data were managed was discussed in 25%; and a third of the studies gave little justification for the methods chosen.ConclusionsThe quality of much of the published qualitative dental research is mediocre when assessed using the CASP framework, and several specific areas have been identified for targeting improvement, including better methodological rigour and increased detail in reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article present several announcements related to medicine. The Euro Grammer European Spine Journal disclosed that they are already accepting papers related to basic science which will automatically qualifier the author for the award given by the journal in the field of basic science. Meanwhile, AOSpine International coordinates with the Regional AOSpine North America and Europe to conduct a fellowship on clinical sciences. Moreover, a web site for Oswestry Disability Index has been created.

Comments on the success of the "European Journal of Neurology." Reasons the European Federation of Neurological Societies created the journal; Readership; Increase in submission of excellent papers.

The human head and face is the target structure of a large number of medical disciplines which are subject to a continuing trend in medical science - 'ongoing fragmentation' or, to use a better established term, 'opening up new fields'. An adverse side effect of this trend is the separation of scientists, which contributes to a breakdown in communication. Specialization is necessary, but who is able to recombine the pieces of knowledge gained in different branches of science? Who is able to trace back an effect to its cause through the whole system? What is the instrument that enables scientists to think 'laterally', or across disciplines? To be one of these instruments is the vision of Head & Face Medicine. To induce 'intrainterdisciplinary' thinking of scientists by bringing together the findings achieved by different researchers from various specialties, all exploring the same target structure - the human head and face. Head & Face Medicine's objective is to support scientists in gaining new insights from different views, to recognize patterns, to extract new thoughts, to recombine them and bring new visions to life. Evolving tools like the internet, e-publishing, Open Access and open peer review make Head & Face Medicine a cross between a traditional journal and a data stream which can be queried, analyzed and processed with the aim of increasing medical knowledge in the area of head and face medicine. These tools represent several advantages: fast publication, increase of a paper's scientific impact and ethical superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical journal club remains at the heart of evidence based medicine among teaching institutions. Previous reviews have analysed the importance of journal clubs in English speaking nations. A meta-analysis of postgraduate journal clubs using Cochrane-like criteria for selection of papers established that journal clubs broaden a postgraduate student's sense of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, reading habits, and using medical literature in clinical situations. Previous analysis in this area has weighed heavily on the side of English speaking journal clubs in nations where English fluency is assumed. This commentary explores the role of the English journal club outside of areas where English is the mother tongue.

Objetivo: Analizar la difusión y el impacto de la investigación española sobre Sanidad Penitenciaria en los últimos diez años publicada en revistas científicas internacionales Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de la producción científica. Se ha utilizado como fuente de información Medline-Pubmed. Se analizan aspectos bibliométricos de las revistas, los trabajos y los autores utilizando indicadores de Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports y los Essential Indicator. Se identifica la producción, las revistas, los autores y los temas de investigación. Resultados: Son 159 los trabajos publicados, lo que supone casi el 2% de la producción mundial en sanidad penitenciaria. El perfil de publicación mayoritario es en revistas internacionales de medio impacto en los JCR. La Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria, sin alcanzar protagonismo, es la más productiva (9.09%). Por autores, solo dos alcanzan un nivel medio alto con hasta 10 trabajos publicados en la década. El estudio de coautoría muestra una red muy tupida con 14 autores y distintas redes menores fragmentadas. Respecto de las citas, 6 son los trabajos que reciben 15 o más, siendo solo 2 los que podemos considerar altamente citados. Los temas de estudio presentan tres frentes: enfermedades infecciosas, drogas y problemas psiquiátrico-psicológicos. Conclusiones: La aportación española a la investigación mundial en Sanidad Penitenciaria (1,9%) está próxima a otras disciplinas, aunque es ligeramente inferior (Medicina General representa el 3,05%, Salud Pública 2,38%, Psiquiatría 2,29%, Toxicología 2,46%). Se prevé que la Sanidad Penitenciaria remontará con la incorporación a Medline de su revista homónima y con el colectivo de autores que se ha incorporado a la corriente internacional. Esta incorporación no ha significado aun la integración en revistas de alto nivel y en citación. Las revistas utilizadas promedian un Factor de Impacto bajo (2,062) y son escasos los trabajos en revistas de primer nivel (Q1). Son pocos los trabajos con un promedio aceptable de citas en su área de conocimiento. El patrón de coautoría muestra aún un estado inmaduro de la investigación española en Sanidad Penitenciaria.Objective: This paper sets out to analyze the dissemination and impact of Spanish research published in international scientific journals on Prison Health over the last decade. Material and methods: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective analysis of scientific output. We used the Medline-Pubmed database as an information resource. We focus on the bibliometric aspects of journals, papers and authors using the indicators offered by the Web of Science, the Journal Citation Reports and the Essential Science Indicators. We identify the output of Spanish researchers, journals in which they are published, authors and main research fields. Results: From 2002 to 2011, Spanish researchers published 159 papers, that is, nearly 2% of the world's share in Prison Health. The publication profile is mainly in international journals with an average impact on JCR. The Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria is the most productive journal (9.09%), although its role is not prominent. Only two authors can be considered as medium-high productive authors with 10 papers in the study time period. The co-authors network shows a dense network with 14 authors along with minor fragmented networks. As regards citations, 6 papers have been cited 15 or more times and only two can be considered as highly cited. Three main research fronts have been identified: infectious diseases, drugs and psychiatric-psychological problems. Conclusions: The Spanish research production on Prison Health represents a similar share of the world output similar to that of other disciplines (1.9%), although slightly lower (General Medicine represents 3.05%; Public Health, 2.38%; Psychiatry, 2.29%; Toxicology, 2.46%). It seems likely that this share will increase as a result of the inclusion of its main journal in Medline along with an increasing number of researchers working on this discipline at an international level. However, inclusion has not yet led to integration into high-impact journals or a larger number of citations. The average Journal Impact Factor is relatively low (2.062) and few papers are published in first-class journals (Q1). There are few articles with a good citation average according to the discipline's standard. Likewise, the collaboration pattern still shows a poor state for Spanish research on Prison Health.

The article offers various information related to medicine in Europe. It offers announces on the introduction of the 20.000 Euro GRAMMER European Spine Journal award. It also offers information on the website established for the ODI http://www.orthosurg.org.uk/odi/, which aims to carry validated translations of the instrument for use by non-English speakers.

Summary: In the field of biomedicine, an overwhelming amount of experimental data has become available as a result of the high throughput of research in this domain. The amount of results reported has now grown beyond the limits of what can be managed by manual means. This makes it increasingly difficult for the researchers in this area to keep up with the latest developments. Information extraction (IE) in the biological domain aims to provide an effective automatic means to dynamically manage the information contained in archived journal articles and abstract collections and thus help researchers in their work. However, while considerable advances have been made in certain areas of IE, pinpointing and organizing factual information (such as experimental results) remains a challenge. In this paper we propose tackling this task by incorporating into IE information about rhetorical zones, i.e. classification of spans of text in terms of argumentation and intellectual attribution. As the first step towards this goal, we introduce a scheme for annotating biological texts for rhetorical zones and provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data annotated according to this scheme. We also discuss our preliminary research on automatic zone analysis, and its incorporation into our IE framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Researchers from the developing world contribute only a limited proportion to the total research output published in leading medical education journals. Some of them believe that there is a substantial editorial bias against their work. To obtain an objective basis for further discussion the present study was designed to assess the composition of the editorial boards of leading medical education journals. Methods: The editorial boards of the three leading medical education journals according to their impact factor were retrieved from the respective January issue of the year 2003. We evaluated in which countries the editorial board members were based and classified these countries using the World Bank income criteria. Results: Individuals from a number of countries can be found on the editorial boards of the investigated journals, but most of them are based in high-income countries. Conclusion: The percentage of editorial board members which are based in developing world countries is higher for the leading medical education journals than in most of their psychiatry and general medicine counterparts. But it is still too low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about "Biomicrofluidics," a journal that was started in 2007. It is noted that the journal covers various fields, including engineering, science and medicine, focusing on fluid flow and manipulation. It is asserted that the journal as developed with an open-access model and there are plans for multimedia-associated publishing.

Introduction: This report describes the organization and launch of one of the first evidence-based, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) oriented journal club programs integrated into a professional CAM curriculum, designed to teach essential evidence-based practice (EBP) skills and behaviors. Methods: Journal clubs were structured as required clinical hours for all DC students in a clinical internship during the 9th and 10th trimesters. Faculty, staff, and supervising clinicians were assigned mentoring roles. An information specialist videotaped presentations, distributed copies of papers, and organized electronic resources and archives. Students, separated into teams, defined patient scenarios, developed a clinical question performed a literature search, and selected, appraised, presented, and discussed a research paper as a team project, self-assigning roles. An assessment was administered at the beginning and end of the program. Instructional resources covered essential EBP concepts, searching skills and resources, and critical appraisal. Results: Twenty-seven student-led journal clubs produced over three trimesters were attended by at least one librarian, one research faculty, and one supervising clinician in addition to the instructor and interns. Participation increased each trimester. All 27 articles were from peer-reviewed journals and focused on chiropractic, acupuncture, nutrition, emerging technologies, general medicine, and musculoskeletal or metabolic topics. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and case studies were among study designs selected. At least 24% of the discussions supported or initiated new therapies in the clinic. Twenty-two percent (22%) of graduating students expressed interest in participating in a postgraduate journal club, and 30% commented that the journal club course added value to their clinical experience. Conclusion: The initial organization and launch of the evidence-based, CAM-oriented, internship-integrated journal club was successful. Interns' attitudes toward using EBP skills as part of their clinical decision making became more positive after two trimesters of participation. Funding was provided by NIH/NCCAM #1R25AT002872. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on several issues featured in "Regenerative Medicine" since its launch in 2006. According to the author, the journal has served the regenerative community by publishing key papers and collections of reviews that have taken important interest over the biomedical world. Editor Stephen Minger has said that an outstanding group of scientists have been assembled as members of the editorial board for the periodical.

Editorial. Describes changes in the periodical 'Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology,' following its takeover by Blackwell Science Ltd. History of the medical journal; Future marketing plans; Growth in the journal's subscription.

This article provides a report about the achievements of the "journal of Investigative Dermatology," in 1989. Rapid communications continue to provide a means for facilitated publication of concise, definitive, and important new findings, but they still remain a minor component of the published manuscripts. The number of submitted papers over the past three years has stabilized at around 500, and the journal has published more editorial pages of original research papers in 1989 than ever before.

The article mentions the 25th anniversary of the University of Malta Medical School journal in 2013, now called "Malta Medical Journal," whose first issue was published in 1989.

The article comments on the redesigned "Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine." The redesigned journal was released in January 1995. The author describes the changes made to the design and contents of the periodical. Majority of those who wrote have been strongly supportive of the changes. The article also reports on the publication of Royal Society of Medicine meetings.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar dois periódicos brasileiros incluídos na biblioteca SciELO Saúde Pública, por meio de um conjunto de indicadores e análise dos artigos mais acessados. Cadernos de Saúde Pública: 3.743,59 acessos/mês, média de 30,31 citações por artigo. Os 50 mais acessados (6,72 a 524,50 acessos) foram publicados em português (92%), 42% eram ensaios teóricos, 20% inquéritos transversais, 16% estudos descritivos. 42% usaram técnicas argumentativas, 34% quantitativas, 18% técnicas qualitativas e 6% modelagem matemática. As áreas temáticas mais contempladas foram: saúde e trabalho (50%), epidemiologia (22%) e saúde ambiental (8%). Revista de Saúde Pública: 1.590,97 acessos/mês, com média de 26,27 citações por artigo. Os 50 mais acessados (7,33 e 56,50 acessos) foram todos publicados em português, 46% eram inquéritos transversais, 14% levantamentos em bases de dados e 12% revisões bibliográficas. As técnicas quantitativas foram utilizadas em 66% desses artigos, modelagem matemática foi semelhante ao observado entre os artigos dos Cadernos de Saúde Pública, assim como as técnicas qualitativas. Os temas predominantes foram: organização de serviços de saúde (22%), nutrição (22%), saúde e trabalho (18%), epidemiologia (12%) e saúde ambiental (12%).The aim of this paper was to analyze two Brazilian scientific journals included in the SciELO Library of Public Health, using a group of bibliometric indicators and scrutinizing the articles most viewed. Cadernos de Saúde Pública was accessed 3,743.59 times per month, with an average of 30.31 citations per article. The 50 articles most viewed (6.72 to 524.5 views) were mostly published in Portuguese (92%). 42% were theoretical essays, 20% surveys, and 16% descriptive studies. 42% used argumentative techniques, 34% quantitative techniques, 18% qualitative techniques, and 6% mathematical modeling. The most common themes were: health and work (50%), epidemiology (22%), and environmental health (8%). Revista de Saúde Pública was accessed 1,590.97 times per month, with an average of 26.27 citations per article. The 50 articles most viewed (7.33 and 56.50 views) were all published in Portuguese: 46% were surveys, 14% databases analysis, and 12% systematic reviews. Quantitative techniques were adopted in 66% of such articles, while mathematical modeling was the same as observed in Cadernos de Saúde Pública, as were qualitative techniques. The most common themes were health services organization (22%), nutrition (22%), health and work (18%), epidemiology (12%), and environmental health (12%).

O presente trabalho é um estudo bibliométrico comparativo entre as duas principais revistas científicas da área da Saúde Coletiva publicadas no Brasil: Cadernos de Saúde Pública (CSP) e Revista de Saúde Pública (RSP). Foram analisados 24 fascículos de cada periódico, publicados entre 1996 e 2003, construindo uma amostra de 819 artigos (496 de CSP e 323 de RSP). Os seguintes elementos dos artigos foram identificados e analisados: área temática do artigo e padrão de citações de publicações (artigos em periódicos, livros e/ou capítulos de livro, teses/dissertações, documentos de Internet, "literatura cinzenta" e outros tipos de publicações). Os dados encontrados mostram que a maioria dos artigos publicados é da subárea "epidemiologia". O padrão de citação identificado nas revistas foi de citações a artigos em periódico em maior número, seguidas das citações a livros e/ou capítulos de livro. Artigos na subárea "ciências sociais em saúde" publicados em CSP apresentam características distintas, com maior número de citações a livros e capítulos. Os autores argumentam que as informações são relevantes na caracterização da produção da área, com desdobramentos importantes no plano da avaliação acadêmico-científica da Saúde Coletiva no país.This is a comparative bibliometric study of the two main scientific journals in the Public Health field in Brazil: Cadernos de Saúde Pública (CSP) and Revista de Saúde Pública (RSP). Twenty-four issues of each periodical were analyzed, published from 1996 to 2003, comprising a sample of 819 articles (496 from CSP and 323 from RSP). The following elements in the articles were identified and analyzed: thematic area of the article and citation pattern of publications (articles in periodicals, books and/or book chapters, theses/dissertations, Internet documents, "gray" literature, and other types of publications). The resulting data showed that the majority of the articles represent the sub-area of "epidemiology". The citation pattern in the journals showed articles in periodicals in first place, followed by citations of books and/or book chapters. Papers in the sub-area "social sciences in health" published in CSP are exceptions, since books and chapters are the most frequently cited. The authors discuss the implications of the findings for the characterization and evaluation of scientific output in Public Health in Brazil.

The article reports on the use of animal research relative to medicine in the U.S. It states that experimentation on animal is conducted to offer new solutions to medical ranging from HIV/AIDS to Alzheimer's disease. It discusses that animals are also used in testing several treatments and advances in medicine, including development and refinement of vaccines, computed tomography scan, among others. It also presents the policy guidelines on the humane and responsible use and care of animals in research for the "Journal of Emergencies, Trauma and Shocks."

The article focuses on the blinded system of peer review for medical journals. According to it, the most effective method of reviewing journals is the double-blind peer review. It states that the biggest issue for the double-blind method is accountability but most reviewers still believe that this method works best, ensuring that biases are kept to a minimum.

This article focuses on writers who contributed in the publication of this January 2005 edition of Bioethics. Kean Birch is a Ph.D. student at Oxford Brookes University, Great Britain in the Department of Planning. His research concerns the relationship between knowledge, space, and biotechnology. Jason T. Eberl, is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Affiliate Faculty of the Indiana University Center for Bioethics. He has published articles in The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, Review of Metaphysics, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, and previously in this journal.

Criadas e mantidas durante muitos anos para difundir exclusivamente os resultados de pesquisas de uma instituição, as Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz vêm passando, desde a década de 1980, por mudanças que as transformaram numa revista aberta. São analisadas as condições em que se deu seu surgimento e o excelente papel que desempenharam na difusão dos conhecimentos produzidos pelo Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. O fato de ter sido uma revista diferente das editadas por sociedades científicas não diminui sua importância. A opção atual, que procura dar à revista uma inclinação internacional, com possibilidades de competir no mercado estrangeiro, para o que contribuiria a preferência dada a artigos escritos em inglês, suscita questionamentos quanto ao papel dos periódicos especializados brasileiros no quadro de nosso desenvolvimento científico.The journal Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, founded and maintained over the course of many years for the exclusive publication of research results from one single institution, has undergone changes over the last decade which have resulted in an open journal. Conditions leading to the journal's founding and the excellent role it has played in the dissemination of knowledge produced by the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz are examined. The fact that it has differed from journals published by scientific societies does not diminish its importance. The present option to give this journal an international slant, with possibilities for competing on the foreign market, and which would be facilitated by the preference given to papers written in English, raises some questions about the role of Brazilian specialized journals within the framework of our scientific development.

Examination of 2450 papers published by foreign authors in 284 Indian science journals from 1311 institutions spread over 102 countries indicates that Asian countries are the largest contributors to these journals. Turkey, USA, Iran, China and Nigeria contributed to about 48% of the total foreign-authored publications. Most of the prolific institutions are situated in Turkey and Iran. The largest numbers of contributions are in the discipline of medicine followed by chemistry and material science. The proportion of foreign authored contributions to Indian science journals has witnessed a three-fold increase in 2006 as compared to July 1982 - June 1984 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

. In the second half of the nineteenth century several ophthalmological journals appeared (Germany, England, France, United States). In the northern countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden) an initiative lead to 'Nordisk ophthalmologisk Tidsskrift' published in the scandinavian languages in the years 1889-92. The 'driving force' behind the journal was the first professor in Ophthalmology in Copenhagen, Dr. Edmund Hansen Grut. The purpose with this presentation is to give the background for the rise and fall of the journal which was an attempt to promote Nordic Ophthalmology. The authors turned out, however, to be mainly those involved as editors. The journal never gained broad acceptance and it simply stopped in 1892, without any closing remarks. In spite of its short life the journal should be remembered for the very first publication on the arcuate scotoma, the Bjerrum scotoma from 1889. Although shortlived the initiative was not in vain, as can be read in the preface to the very first volume of Acta ophthalmologica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the third issue of "Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses." The journal recognizes Medline, an electronic database for biomedical journals, as an essential tool for boosting the readership of the journal. It provides information on some articles published by the journal. The process for selecting articles are also outlined.

The article reports that the periodical, which concerns molecular psychiatry, has the highest immediacy index in the field of psychiatry. According to statistics, the journal has an impact of 6.9 which makes it third in the field of psychiatry. Meanwhile, the periodical was ranked at the top of the field in terms of Immediacy Index.

The article presents the contents of the April issue of "Brain Pathology." It gives out a new era in its history as a leading periodical in clinical and translational neuroscience. Web-based submission and review of scientific articles represents for those who have been in the related field for many years, a radically unique way of doing things.

The article provides the reader with the best that sexual medicine has to offer, allowing the readership exposure to experts in this ever-expanding field. The discipline of sexual medicine continues to expand exponentially, reflecting the explosive growth of the scientific knowledge base, as well as the keen interest in this area of medicine. The journal "International Journal of Impotence Research," is unique in its ability to review and publish manuscripts in a rapid fashion. The advance online publication feature clearly distinguishes the journal from other publications.