1,717 results
Search Results
2. Study of viral antibodies by the paper-radioactive virus method.
- Author
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Hodes HL, Berger R, Ainbender E, Zepp HD, and Hevizy MM
- Subjects
- Filtration, HeLa Cells, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Neutralization Tests, Antibody Formation, Paper, Poliovirus immunology, Poliovirus radiation effects, Radioactivity
- Published
- 1966
3. Comparison of Whole Blood Dried on Filter Paper and Serum for Measurement of the Temporal Antibody Response to Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Author
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Lana, D. P., Marquardt, W. W., and Snyder, D. B.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Discussion paper: immunosuppression induced in vivo and in vitro by different classes of plasmacytomas.
- Author
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Specter S and Friedman H
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Erythrocytes immunology, Immunoglobulin A biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin Allotypes, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin M biosynthesis, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Neoplasms, Experimental immunology, Antibody Formation, Immunosuppression Therapy, Plasmacytoma immunology, Spleen immunology
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Discussion paper: impairment of B-lymphocyte functions in concanavalin A-treated friend virus infected mice.
- Author
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Kateley JR and Friedman H
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Viral analysis, Erythrocytes immunology, Friend murine leukemia virus drug effects, Friend murine leukemia virus immunology, Immunosuppression Therapy, Lipopolysaccharides immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell analysis, Spleen microbiology, Splenomegaly prevention & control, Tumor Virus Infections mortality, Antibody Formation drug effects, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Concanavalin A pharmacology, Tumor Virus Infections immunology
- Abstract
Friend leukemia virus (FLV) leukemogenesis was prevented by treatment of the virus with Concanavalin A (Con A). Mice infected with the lectin-treated virus, however, showed evidence of a dormant infection since infectious virus could be recovered for as long as 100 days. Humoral immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a thymus-independent antigen, were depressed (approximately 80-90%) in mice given the Con A-treated FLV. Cell transfer studies indicated that the impaired responsiveness to SRBC was related to a defect in B-lymphocyte function, similar to the impairment in mice infected with untreated FLV. The mitogenic response of splenocytes from Con A-FLV mice to E. coli LPS was also depressed as was the ability of Ig-bearing spleen cells to redistribute these immunoglobulin receptors into polar caps. The impaired immune responsiveness in the Con A-FLV infected mice appeared associated with the persistent virus infection and not to neoplastic transformation generally associated with leukemogenic process.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Discussion paper: humoral immune responses to tumor-associated antigens.
- Author
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Wheelock EF
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Neoplasm, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Friend murine leukemia virus, Humans, Immunosuppression Therapy, Leukemia, Experimental immunology, Leukemia, Experimental microbiology, RNA immunology, RNA therapeutic use, Antibody Formation, Antigens, Neoplasm, Neoplasms immunology
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Discussion paper: studies on the differentiation within the immune system.
- Author
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Haskill JS
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibody-Producing Cells, Antigens physiology, Binding Sites, Antibody, Cell Division, Cell Fractionation, DNA biosynthesis, Graft Rejection, Sheep immunology, Skin Transplantation, Spleen cytology, Spleen immunology, Thymus Gland immunology, Antibody Formation, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Immunity, Cellular, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Discussion paper: in vivo and in vitro studies of suppression of the antibody response by anti-macrophage globulin.
- Author
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Stevenson JR and Stavitsky AB
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic analysis, Bacteriophages immunology, Cells, Cultured, In Vitro Techniques, Lymph Nodes immunology, Rabbits immunology, Antibody Formation, Immunoglobulins, Immunosuppression Therapy, Macrophages immunology
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Discussion paper: isolation and characterization of functional antigen-carrying T cells.
- Author
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Plescia OJ and Hursch JS
- Subjects
- Animals, Binding Sites, Antibody, Hemagglutination, Histocompatibility, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sheep immunology, Spleen immunology, Time Factors, Antibody Formation, Epitopes, Erythrocytes immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Discussion paper: biological significance of macrophage RNA.
- Author
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Marshall WH
- Subjects
- Antigens, Humans, Macrophages analysis, Protein Binding, Antibody Formation, Macrophages immunology, RNA metabolism
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Original-structure-based hapten design strategy and development of a derivatization-free gold-based paper lateral-flow immunoassays for detecting furaltadone metabolite in shrimp.
- Author
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He, Fan, Zeng, Daoping, Yang, Jinyi, Tian, Yuanxin, and Shen, Yudong
- Subjects
- *
MONOCLONAL antibodies , *VETERINARY drug residues , *IMMUNOASSAY , *CARRIER proteins , *ANTIBODY formation , *SHRIMPS , *SMALL molecules - Abstract
Veterinary drug residues in food-producing animals pose a threat to human health and public safety, and accurate measurement of these drug residues is necessary. However, detecting nitrofuran metabolite residues is challenging because of their low molecular weight and the long derivatisation time required for their indirect detection. Current antibodies produced against these metabolites have limited accuracy and sensitivity owing to the traditional and ineffective hapten design based on the reaction of 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidone (AMOZ) with nitrobenzaldehyde. In this study, a new antigen strategy was adopted using an original-structure-based hapten design combined with a new carrier protein with immunosynergistic effects to produce a monoclonal antibody that could recognise the metabolite of furaltadone (AMOZ) directly without derivatisation with excellent analytical performance. Finally, a gold-based paper lateral flow immunoassay for AMOZ without derivatisation was established with a visual limit of detection of 5 ng/mL, IC 50 of 0.97 ng/mL and linear range (IC 20 ∼IC 80) of 0.45–2.07 ng/mL. The method was sensitive and accurate, and detection was completed within 10 min. This new antigen design strategy provides a theoretical basis and reference for antibody production of other ultrasmall molecules. [Display omitted] • An antigen strategy of AMOZ was proposed by hapten design and new carrier proteins. • The excellent antibody directly recognizes AMOZ without derivatization. • Effect of EP distribution and spatial structure to antibody production was studied. • This method could be used as a rapid screening method for AMOZ analysis on site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Hapten synthesis and antibody production for the development of a paper immunosensor for lean meat powder zilpaterol.
- Author
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Xu, Xiaoxin, Sun, Li, Wang, Zhongxing, Guo, Lingling, Xu, Xinxin, Wu, Aihong, Kuang, Hua, Song, Shanshan, and Xu, Chuanlai
- Subjects
- *
ANTIBODY formation , *COLLOIDAL gold , *DETECTION limit , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *POWDERS - Abstract
In this study, we describe the design and successful synthesis of a new hapten, which we used to prepare an anti-zilpaterol mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) with an IC50 of 0.31 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 ng mL−1. A colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was further developed and optimized using the antibody, and cross-reactivity experiments were carried out to prove its good specificity. Semi-quantitative and quantitative detections of zilpaterol were evaluated in swine urine and pork samples using the test strips. For semi-quantitative detection in swine urine and pork samples, the visual limit of detection values were 0.5 μg kg−1 and 0.5 μg kg−1, and the cut-off values were 5 μg kg−1 and 5 μg kg−1, respectively. For quantitative detection, the calculated limit of detection values were 0.08 μg kg−1 and 0.12 μg kg−1, and the remaining values were 10 μg kg−1 and 10 μg kg−1. The developed gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay is highly suitable for on-site detection and rapid preliminary screening of zilpaterol in swine urine and pork samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Effects of Different Antigen–Antibody Pairs on the Results of 20 Min ELISA and 8 Min Chromatographic Paper Test for Quantitative Detection of Acetamiprid in Vegetables.
- Author
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Wu, Yuxiang, Guo, Yemin, Yang, Qingqing, Li, Falan, and Sun, Xia
- Subjects
BOOSTER vaccines ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,QUANTUM dots ,CELL fusion ,ANTIBODY formation ,VEGETABLES - Abstract
To establish rapid, high-sensitive, quantitative detection of ACP residues in vegetables. A 1G2 cell clone was selected as the most sensitive for anti-ACP antibody production following secondary immunization, cell fusion, and screening. The affinity of the 1G2 antibody to each of the four coating agents (imidacloprid–bovine serum albumin [BSA], thiacloprid–BSA, imidaclothiz–BSA, and ACP-BSA) was determined using a 20 min enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50 ) was 0.51–0.62 ng/mL, showing no significant difference in affinity to different antigens. However, we obtained IC50 values of 0.58 and 1.40 ng/mL on the linear regression lines for 1G2 anti-ACP antibody/imidacloprid–BSA and 1G2 anti-ACP antibody/thiacloprid–BSA, respectively, via quantum dot (QD)-based immunochromatography. That is, the 1G2 antibody/imidacloprid–BSA pair (the best combination) was about three times more sensitive than the 1G2 antibody/thiacloprid–BSA pair in immunochromatographic detection. The best combination was used for the development of an 8 min chromatographic paper test. With simple and convenient sample pretreatment, we achieved an average recovery of 75–117%. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was <25% for all concentrations tested, the false–positive rate was <5%, the false–negative rate was 0%, and the linear range of the method was 50–1800 μg/kg. These performance metrics met the ACP detection standards in China, the European Union (EU), and the United States (US). In summary, in this study, we established an 8 min QD-based immunochromatographic stripe for the rapid and accurate quantitative determination of ACP residues in vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. IgG antibody response to pneumococcal-conjugated vaccine (Prevenar®13) in children with immunodeficiency disorders.
- Author
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Garrido-Jareño M, Sahuquillo-Arce JM, Rodríguez-Vega H, Lloret-Sos C, Gil-Brusola A, López-Hontangas JL, Nuñez-Beltran M, Tortosa-Carreres J, García-García JÁ, Cordón L, Puchades-Carrasco L, de Santivañes CC, Pineda-Lucena A, and Pemán-García J
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Antibodies, Bacterial, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Immunoglobulin G, Retrospective Studies, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infant, Antibody Formation, Pneumococcal Vaccines
- Abstract
Measurement of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (anti-PnPs) IgG titers is an important tool in the immunologic assessment of patients with suspected immunodeficiency disorders (ID) to reduce the morbi-mortality and minimize severe infections. Retrospectively, we studied the relationship among anti-PnPs IgG response to 3 doses of Prevenar®13, levels of immune system components, leukocyte populations, and clinical data in children with ID. Serum samples were collected at least 4 weeks post vaccination. Subsequently, multi-serotype enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Eighty-seven children (under 12 years) were enrolled. Primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) was the most common disorder (45) followed by possible immunodeficiency disorder (POID) (19), secondary immunodeficiency disorder (SID) (15), and mixed immunodeficiency disorder (MID) (8). The median age was 3 (1.50-5.33) years, 65% of patients were male. Deficient production of anti-PnPs IgG (titer ≤ 50 mg/L) was detected in 47 patients (54%), especially in the MID group, all of them under immunosuppressive therapy. In PCV13 responders, the mean of leukocyte population levels was higher with statistically significance differences in CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocytes (p = 0.372, p = 0.014) and CD56 + /CD16 + NK (p = 0.016). Patients with previous bone marrow transplantation were the worst PCV13 responders. Pneumococcal IgG antibody titers (post-vaccination) along with clinical and analytical markers represented., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Antibody responses in patients with farmer's lung disease to antigens from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris.
- Author
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Hollingdale MR
- Subjects
- Antigens, Bacterial analysis, Bacterial Proteins analysis, Chromatography, Paper, Humans, Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis, Infant, Newborn, Latex Fixation Tests, Male, Polysaccharides analysis, Actinomycetales immunology, Antibody Formation, Farmer's Lung immunology
- Abstract
A serological analysis of mycelial antigens of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris in immunodiffusion with human sera revealed five individual antigens. Three antigens were proteins, sensitive to pronase and soluble in phenol. Two were cationic polysaccharides, sensitive to sodium periodate, and containing glucosamine and muramic acid. Latex coated with mycelial antigens was compared with precipitin tests in detecting antibodies to T. vulgaris; the number of positive results detected by each test differed slightly, and a combination of the two tests detected the highest number. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was shown to be a very sensitive method for detecting precipitins, but not for their measurement. A prospective evaluation of immunodiffusion, latex agglutination and CIE as potential serodiagnostic techniques for farmer's lung disease is suggested.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Studies on the polylysine immune responder gene. The rank order of immunogenicity of dinitrophenyl conjugates of basic homopolyamino acids in guinea pigs.
- Author
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Levine BB
- Subjects
- Animals, Arginine, Chromatography, Freund's Adjuvant, Guinea Pigs, Haptens, Hemagglutination Tests, Immunization, Ornithine, Paper, Serum Albumin, Bovine, Skin Tests, Trypsin pharmacology, Amino Acids, Antibody Formation, Dinitrophenols, Genes, Regulator, Hypersensitivity, Delayed immunology, Lysine
- Published
- 1969
17. Uptake of carbohydrate by polyribosomes during the immune response to ragweed antigen.
- Author
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Callaghan OH, Spitzer R, Kaplan MA, and Leija JG
- Subjects
- Animals, Carbon Radioisotopes, Centrifugation, Density Gradient, Chromatography, Paper, Glucosamine metabolism, Immunization, Isotope Labeling, Liver metabolism, Lymph Nodes metabolism, Pollen, Puromycin, Rabbits, Ribonucleases, Spleen metabolism, Submandibular Gland cytology, Sucrose, Tritium, Uridine metabolism, Uridine Diphosphate Sugars metabolism, Antibody Formation, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Polyribosomes metabolism
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Immunological responses to sheep red blood cells in experimentally induced chronic uremia of rats.
- Author
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Raskova J and Morrison AB
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies analysis, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Chromatography, Paper, Hemagglutination Tests, Hemolytic Plaque Technique, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Kidney Failure, Chronic etiology, Kidney Failure, Chronic immunology, Male, Nephrectomy, Rats, Sheep immunology, Spleen cytology, Spleen enzymology, Thymidine biosynthesis, Thymidine Kinase metabolism, Antibody Formation, Antibody-Producing Cells immunology, Antigens, Erythrocytes immunology, Uremia immunology
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Antibody production in goat milk serum after virus instillation of goat mammary gland. V. Biochemical isolation and further characterization of antibodies to various influenza and mumps viruses.
- Author
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Pasieka AE, Guerin LF, and Mitchell CA
- Subjects
- Acetone, Acridines, Ammonium Sulfate, Animals, Chemical Precipitation, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, Paper, Electrophoresis, Goats, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis, Lactoglobulins isolation & purification, Mammary Glands, Animal microbiology, Molecular Weight, Neutralization Tests, Sodium Chloride, Spectrophotometry, Ultracentrifugation, Antibodies isolation & purification, Antibody Formation, Mammary Glands, Animal immunology, Milk immunology, Mumps virus immunology, Newcastle disease virus immunology, Orthomyxoviridae immunology
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Development of antibodies to porcine calcitonin during treatment of Paget's disease of bone.
- Author
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Dube WJ, Goldsmith RS, Arnaud SB, and Arnaud CD
- Subjects
- Animals, Binding Sites, Antibody, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Paper, Humans, Iodine Radioisotopes, Osteitis Deformans drug therapy, Swine, Time Factors, Antibody Formation, Calcitonin therapeutic use, Osteitis Deformans immunology
- Published
- 1973
21. Comment on the paper Negative anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody response following Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a patient on ocrelizumab: the likely explanation for this phenomenon based on our observations.
- Author
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Mado, Hubert and Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika
- Subjects
- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *ANTIBODY formation , *COVID-19 , *VACCINATION , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Furthermore, it has been reported that MS patients using anti-CD20 therapy have suppressed antibody response to infection with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and to some vaccines (not against COVID-19) [[1], [3]-[5]]. Dear Sirs, We read with great interest the paper by Khayat Khoei et al. which presented negative anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) antibody response after Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) on ocrelizumab [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Ultrasensitive paper sensor for simultaneous detection of alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitin by the production of monoclonal antibodies.
- Author
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Zhou, Shengyang, Guo, Lingling, Xu, Xinxin, Song, Shanshan, Liu, Liqiang, Kuang, Hua, Zhu, Yingyue, Xu, Liguang, and Xu, Chuanlai
- Subjects
- *
GOLD nanoparticles , *LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *ANTIBODY formation - Abstract
• An immunosensor was developed for the determination of amanitins. • Half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 0.48 ng/mL and the LOD was 0.095 ng/mL. • Good correlations of the results verified by immunosensor and LC–MS/MS. Amanitin (AMA) is responsible for human fatalities after ingestion of poisonous mushrooms, thus, a rapid and accurate detection method is urgently needed. Here, gold nanoparticle-based immunosensor with monoclonal antibody against AMA was constructed for rapid detection of alpha- and beta-amanitin (α- and β-AMA) in mushroom, serum and urine samples. Under optimized conditions, the visual limits of detection (vLOD) and calculated LOD for α-AMA and β-AMA in mushroom were 10 ng/g, 20 ng/g, and 0.1 ng/g, 0.2 ng/g, respectively. Analysis of wild mushroom samples was also performed using a strip scan reader in the 10 min range. Furthermore, in mushrooms containing amatoxins results were confirmed and compared with those determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Thus, this immunosensor provided a useful monitoring tool for rapid detection and screening of mushroom samples and in serum and urine from subjects who accidentally consumed AMA-containing mushrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Study Results from South China Agricultural University Broaden Understanding of Life Science (Original-structure-based Hapten Design Strategy and Development of a Derivatization-free Gold-based Paper Lateral-flow Immunoassays for Detecting...).
- Subjects
LIFE sciences ,AGRICULTURE ,IMMUNOASSAY ,ANTIBODY formation ,FOOD animals - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at South China Agricultural University in Guangzhou, China, has developed a new method for detecting nitrofuran metabolite residues in food-producing animals. These residues pose a threat to human health and public safety, and accurate measurement is necessary. The researchers used an original structure-based hapten design strategy to produce a monoclonal antibody that could directly recognize the metabolite of furaltadone without the need for derivatization. They also established a gold-based paper lateral flow immunoassay for detection, which was sensitive, accurate, and completed within 10 minutes. This research provides a theoretical basis for antibody production of other ultrasmall molecules. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
24. Quantifying neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in dried blood spots (DBS) and paired sera.
- Author
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Roper, Kelly J., Thomas, Jordan, Albalawi, Wejdan, Maddocks, Emily, Dobson, Susan, Alshehri, Abdullateef, Barone, Francesco G., Baltazar, Murielle, Semple, Malcolm G., Ho, Antonia, Turtle, Lance, Donegan, Cara, Spencer, Rebecca G., Moore, Shona C., Hardwick, Hayley, Solomon, Tom, Turtle, Lance C. W., da Silva Filipe, Ana, Ho, Antonia Ying Wai, and McDonald, Sarah E.
- Subjects
ANTIBODY formation ,SARS-CoV-2 ,DRIED blood spot testing ,RESOURCE-limited settings ,COVID-19 pandemic ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was initially managed by non-pharmaceutical interventions such as diagnostic testing, isolation of positive cases, physical distancing and lockdowns. The advent of vaccines has provided crucial protection against SARS-CoV-2. Neutralising antibody (nAb) responses are a key correlate of protection, and therefore measuring nAb responses is essential for monitoring vaccine efficacy. Fingerstick dried blood spots (DBS) are ideal for use in large-scale sero-surveillance because they are inexpensive, offer the option of self-collection and can be transported and stored at ambient temperatures. Such advantages also make DBS appealing to use in resource-limited settings and in potential future pandemics. In this study, nAb responses in sera, venous blood and fingerstick blood stored on filter paper were measured. Samples were collected from SARS-CoV-2 acutely infected individuals, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individuals. Good agreement was observed between the nAb responses measured in eluted DBS and paired sera. Stability of nAb responses was also observed in sera stored on filter paper at room temperature for 28 days. Overall, this study provides support for the use of filter paper as a viable sample collection method to study nAb responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Feeding tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates improves lactate consumption and antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures.
- Author
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Zhang X, Jiang R, Lin H, and Xu S
- Subjects
- Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Animals, Bioreactors, CHO Cells, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Culture Media chemistry, Culture Media metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Glucose pharmacology, Ketoglutaric Acids metabolism, Ketoglutaric Acids pharmacology, Lactic Acid metabolism, Pyruvic Acid metabolism, Pyruvic Acid pharmacology, Antibody Formation, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Citric Acid Cycle genetics, Culture Media pharmacology
- Abstract
Media components play an important role in modulating cell metabolism and improving product titer in mammalian cell cultures. To sustain cell productivity, highly active oxidative metabolism is desired. Here we explored the effect of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates supplementation on lactate metabolism and productivity in Chinese hamster ovary fed-batch cultures. Direct addition of 5 mM alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), malic acid, or succinic acid in the basal medium did not have any significant impact on culture performance. On the other hand, feeding α-KG, malic acid, and succinic acid in the stationary phase, either as a single solution or as a mixture, significantly improved lactate consumption, reduced ammonium accumulation, and led to higher cell specific productivity and antibody titer (~35% increase for the best condition). Delivering those intermediates as an acidic solution for pH control eliminated CO
2 sparging and accumulation. Feeding TCA cycle intermediates was also demonstrated to be superior to feeding lactic acid or pyruvic acid in titer improvement. Taken together, feeding TCA cycle intermediates was effective in improving lactate consumption and increasing product titer, which is likely due to enhanced oxidative metabolism in an extended duration., (© 2020 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Changes in depressive symptoms and antibody production following influenza vaccination in adolescents and adults.
- Author
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Ehrlich KB, Lyle SM, Corallo KL, Lavner JA, and Ross TM
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Adult, Male, Female, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Seasons, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Depression immunology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human immunology, Antibodies, Viral blood, Vaccination psychology, Antibody Formation immunology
- Abstract
Objective: Psychological distress has been associated with dampened antibody production following vaccination. Questions remain, however, about whether psychological distress influences vaccine response uniformly across the lifespan, and whether changes in distress result in changes in antibody production across the same period., Methods: Participants (N = 148; M
age = 32.2 years, SD = 19.7, range = 12-80 years) took part in consecutive vaccine studies during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons. Each influenza season, they reported on their depressive symptoms, provided blood samples, and received the standard influenza vaccine. Participants then provided a second blood sample one month later. Antibody titers were examined pre- and post-vaccination., Results: Analyses examined both within-season and across-season effects of depressive symptoms, age, and their interaction on vaccine response. Within-season analyses revealed that age predicted antibody response during both seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Neither depressive symptoms nor the interaction with age were associated with antibody response to vaccination within either season. Across the two seasons, age significantly moderated the association between change in depressive symptoms and change in antibody production. For people who were 48 or older, increases in depressive symptoms across the two seasons were associated with a less robust response to the vaccine in the second season relative to the first season. For people younger than 48, changes in depressive symptoms were not significantly related to changes in antibody production., Conclusions: These findings highlight the important role of mental health for older adults' vaccine response, which could have clinical relevance for protection against disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Novel nucleotide-packaging vaccine delivers antigen and poly(I:C) to dendritic cells and generate a potent antibody response in vivo.
- Author
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Bruun N, Laursen MF, Carmelo R, Christensen E, Jensen TS, Christiansen G, Birkelund S, Agger R, and Kofod-Olsen E
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Nucleotides metabolism, Dendritic Cells, Antigens, Poly I-C, Adjuvants, Immunologic, DNA, Antibody Formation, Vaccines
- Abstract
An issue with many current vaccines is the dependency on broadly inflammatory adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide or aluminum salts that affect many immune- and non-immune cells. These adjuvants are not necessarily activating all antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that take up the antigen and most likely they also activate APCs with no antigen uptake, as well as many non-immune cells. Conjugation of antigen and adjuvant would enable the use of smaller amounts of adjuvant and avoid unnecessary tissue damage and activation of bystander cells. It would ensure that all APCs that take up the antigen would also become activated and avoid that immature and non-activated APCs present the antigen to T cells without a co-stimulatory signal, leading to tolerogenesis. We have developed a novel vaccine that co-deliver antigen and a nucleotide adjuvant to the same APC and lead to a strong activation response in dendritic cells and macrophages. The vaccine is constructed as a fusion-protein with an antigen fused to the DNA/RNA-binding domain from the Hc2 protein from Chlamydia trachomatis. We have found that the fusion protein is able to package polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or dsDNA into small particles. These particles were taken up by macrophages and dendritic cells and led to strong activation and maturation of these cells. Immunization of mice with the fusion protein packaged poly(I:C) led to a stronger antibody response compared to immunization with a combination of poly(I:C) and antigen without the Hc2 DNA/RNA-binding domain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
28. The challenges and breakthroughs in the development of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies.
- Author
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Wang, Jing, Song, Qitao, Yang, Tao, Li, Yuanli, Zhang, Lihua, Li, Jiayan, Liu, Feifei, Lin, Yanyin, Xu, Xiaoxia, Heng, Yu, Xu, Lulai, Zhang, Shun, Zhou, Jiahui, Liu, Yunbo, Kong, Lingyuan, Tang, Dingbin, Ji, Chengdong, Tan, Bing, Liao, Pu, and Pan, Nengke
- Subjects
MONOCLONAL antibodies ,B cells ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,SYNTHETIC antibodies ,ANTIBODY formation ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,DISPLAY systems ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Over the past century, the field of antibody discovery has undergone significant evolution, excluding the current exploration stage of artificial intelligence‐based antibody generation and the often overlooked non‐animal sourced antibody discovery, which typically requires mature in vitro affinity and the selection of high‐quality antigen formulations. This journey has traversed various stages, from methods involving serum‐based antibody acquisition, the isolation of B cells capable of perpetual antibody production through hybridoma technology, to the in‐depth exploration of genetic material using the phage display system, and the current stage involving diverse single B cell screening techniques. Additionally, the emergence of machine learning has brought impressive scientific and technological breakthroughs across research domains, proving to be a powerful application in the field of antibody discovery. However, each technique comes with its limitations, such as variability and control challenges in serum‐based acquisition, lengthy and difficult hybridoma‐derived antibody development, potential limitations in sequence and epitope diversity due to immunization biases in phage display techniques, and costly single B cell screening. Protein mass spectrometry sequencing, with shorter acquisition time and lower costs, is seen as a shortcut by diagnostic companies, impacting traditional antibody development. In diagnostic antibody development, methodological differences in downstream assays and the impact of constant regions outside the Fv core are often neglected. This paper deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Study of the association of seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms and their haplotypes in the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes with the antibody response to inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine
- Author
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Jun Chen, Mingbo Sun, Li Shi, Yan Deng, Xiaona Wang, Yaheng Li, Qiongzhou Yin, Yufeng Yao, Xiuwen Xu, Huijuan Yang, Zhimei Zhao, and Shuyuan Liu
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Male ,IL-4 and IL-10 genes ,animal diseases ,viruses ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,SNP ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Japanese encephalitis vaccine ,Encephalitis, Japanese ,Interleukin 4 ,Pharmacology ,Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,IL-2 ,Haplotype ,antibody response ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Interleukin-10 ,Interleukin 10 ,Immunization ,Haplotypes ,TNF-α ,Antibody Formation ,bacteria ,Interleukin-2 ,Female ,Interleukin-4 ,inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
To investigate whether the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes contribute to variations in vaccine-induced immune responses after immunization with the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (IJEV), a total of 369 individuals who received the IJEV were enrolled. Based on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) neutralization antibodies (NAbs), the individuals were divided into seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) groups. Then, 17 SNPs in the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes were genotyped using the TaqMan method. Although there was no association of the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes with JEV seropositivity triggered by JEV vaccination when all the individuals in the SP and SN groups were compared, differences were observed in a subgroup analysis. In the male group, rs2243291 in the IL-4 gene showed a difference between the JEV SP and SN groups with the overdominant model (P = .045), and the C/G genotypes conferred more JEV seropositivity (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.01–3.49); the CT genotype of rs3093726 in the TNF-α gene showed higher JEV NAbs geometric mean titer (GMT) than the TT genotype (P = .018, CT: 1.677 ± 0.144 vs TT: 1.271 ± 0.039). Furthermore, the rs1800629 genotype in the TNF-α gene and the rs1800896 genotype in the IL-10 gene exhibited a trend of association with JEV seropositivity in the female group, but the difference was not significant. The present study suggested that the polymorphisms in the cytokine genes could be associated with sex-specific JEV NAbs seroconversion. However, more samples should be studied, and further functional verification should be performed.
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- 2020
30. ABO blood group and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response in a convalescent donor population
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Imani Burgess, Brenda J. Grossman, Eric A. Gehrie, Christi E. Marshall, Ruchika Goel, Oliver Laeyendecker, Kirsten Littlefield, Thomas C. Quinn, Jeffrey L. Winters, Ruchee Shrestha, Andrew D. Redd, David J. Sullivan, Evan M. Bloch, Arturo Casadevall, Shmuel Shoham, Aaron A.R. Tobian, Eshan U. Patel, and Andrew Pekosz
- Subjects
Population ,Blood Donors ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Group B ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,ABO Blood-Group System ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID-19 Testing ,COVID‐19 ,ABO blood group system ,Medicine ,Microneutralization Assay ,Humans ,Neutralizing antibody ,education ,COVID-19 Serotherapy ,education.field_of_study ,Original Paper ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Immunization, Passive ,COVID-19 ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,titre ,Original Papers ,ABO group ,Agglutination (biology) ,Titer ,Immunology ,convalescent plasma ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: ABO blood group may affect risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or severity of COVID-19. We sought to determine whether IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibody (nAb) to SARS-CoV-2 vary by ABO blood group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among eligible convalescent plasma donors, ABO blood group was determined via agglutination of reagent A1 and B cells, IgA and IgG were quantified using the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, and nAb titres were quantified using a microneutralization assay. Differences in titre distribution were examined by ABO blood group using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of high nAb titre (≥1:160) were estimated by blood group using multivariable modified Poisson regression models that adjusted for age, sex, hospitalization status and time since SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 202 potential donors, 65 (32%) were blood group A, 39 (19%) were group B, 13 (6%) were group AB, and 85 (42%) were group O. Distribution of nAb titres significantly differed by ABO blood group, whereas there were no significant differences in anti-spike IgA or anti-spike IgG titres by ABO blood group. There were significantly more individuals with high nAb titre (≥1:160) among those with blood group B, compared with group O (aPR = 1·9 [95%CI = 1·1-3·3], P = 0·029). Fewer individuals had a high nAb titre among those with blood group A, compared with group B (aPR = 0·6 [95%CI = 0·4-1·0], P = 0·053). CONCLUSION: Eligible CCP donors with blood group B may have relatively higher neutralizing antibody titres. Additional studies evaluating ABO blood groups and antibody titres that incorporate COVID-19 severity are needed.
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- 2021
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31. Modeling COVID-19 vaccine booster-elicited antibody response and impact of infection history.
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Nishiyama T, Miyamatsu Y, Park H, Nakamura N, Yokokawa Shibata R, Iwami S, and Nagasaki Y
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- Humans, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Immunoglobulin G, Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Formation, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
The 3-dose COVID-19 vaccine (booster vaccination) has been offered worldwide. As booster vaccinations continue, it is important to understand the antibody dynamics elicited by booster vaccination in order to evaluate and develop vaccination needs and strategies. Here, we investigated longitudinal data by monitoring IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) in health care workers. We extended our previously developed mathematical model to booster vaccines and successfully fitted antibody titers over time in the absence and presence of past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Quantitative analysis using our mathematical model indicated that anti-RBD IgG titers increase to a comparable extent after booster vaccination, regardless of the presence or absence of infection, but infection history extends the duration of antibody response by 1.28 times. Such a mathematical modeling approach can be used to inform future vaccination strategies on the basis of an individual's immune history. Our simple quantitative approach can be extended to any kind of vaccination and therefore can form a basis for policy decisions regarding the distribution of booster vaccines to strengthen immunity in future pandemics., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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32. Baseline characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine non-responders in a large population-based sample.
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Yaseen, Ashraf, DeSantis, Stacia M., Sabharwal, Rachit, Talebi, Yashar, Swartz, Michael D., Zhang, Shiming, Leon Novelo, Luis, Pinzon-Gomez, Cesar L., Messiah, Sarah E., Valerio-Shewmaker, Melissa, Kohl III, Harold W., Ross, Jessica, Lakey, David, Shuford, Jennifer A., Pont, Stephen J., and Boerwinkle, Eric
- Subjects
COVID-19 vaccines ,DISEASE risk factors ,VACCINE effectiveness ,ANTIBODY formation ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Introduction: Studies indicate that individuals with chronic conditions and specific baseline characteristics may not mount a robust humoral antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this paper, we used data from the Texas Coronavirus Antibody REsponse Survey (Texas CARES), a longitudinal state-wide seroprevalence program that has enrolled more than 90,000 participants, to evaluate the role of chronic diseases as the potential risk factors of non-response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a large epidemiologic cohort. Methods: A participant needed to complete an online survey and a blood draw to test for SARS-CoV-2 circulating plasma antibodies at four-time points spaced at least three months apart. Chronic disease predictors of vaccine non-response are evaluated using logistic regression with non-response as the outcome and each chronic disease + age as the predictors. Results: As of April 24, 2023, 18,240 participants met the inclusion criteria; 0.58% (N = 105) of these are non-responders. Adjusting for age, our results show that participants with self-reported immunocompromised status, kidney disease, cancer, and "other" non-specified comorbidity were 15.43, 5.11, 2.59, and 3.13 times more likely to fail to mount a complete response to a vaccine, respectively. Furthermore, having two or more chronic diseases doubled the prevalence of non-response. Conclusion: Consistent with smaller targeted studies, a large epidemiologic cohort bears the same conclusion and demonstrates immunocompromised, cancer, kidney disease, and the number of diseases are associated with vaccine non-response. This study suggests that those individuals, with chronic diseases with the potential to affect their immune system response, may need increased doses or repeated doses of COVID-19 vaccines to develop a protective antibody level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Dynamic analysis and optimal control of a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response.
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Ruiqing Shi and Yihong Zhang
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PONTRYAGIN'S minimum principle ,T cells ,ANTIBODY formation ,MIXED infections ,HTLV ,IMMUNE response ,HIV - Abstract
In this paper, a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response is established. Two cases are considered: constant control and optimal control. For the constant control system, the existence and uniqueness of the positive solutions are proved, and then the sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of five equilibriums are obtained. For the second case, the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle is used to analyze the optimal control, and the formula of the optimal solution are derived. After that, some numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical prediction. Numerical simulations indicate that in the case of HIV/HTLV co-infection, the concentration of CD4
+ T cells is no longer suitable as an effective reference data for understanding the development process of the disease. On the contrary, the number of HIV virus particles should be used as an important indicator for reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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34. The genetics of resilience and its relationships with egg production traits and antibody traits in chickens.
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Berghof, Tom V. L., Bedere, Nicolas, Peeters, Katrijn, Poppe, Marieke, Visscher, Jeroen, and Mulder, Han A.
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AGRICULTURAL egg production ,ANTIBODY formation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,GENETIC correlations ,CHICKENS ,POULTRY breeding - Abstract
Background: Resilience is the capacity of an animal to be minimally affected by disturbances or to rapidly return to its initial state before exposure to a disturbance. Resilient livestock are desired because of their improved health and increased economic profit. Genetic improvement of resilience may also lead to trade-offs with production traits. Recently, resilience indicators based on longitudinal data have been suggested, but they need further evaluation to determine whether they are indeed predictive of improved resilience, such as disease resilience. This study investigated different resilience indicators based on deviations between expected and observed egg production (EP) by exploring their genetic parameters, their possible trade-offs with production traits, and their relationships with antibody traits in chickens. Methods: Egg production in a nucleus breeding herd environment based on 1-week-, 2-week-, or 3-week-intervals of two purebred chicken lines, a white egg-laying (33,825 chickens) and a brown egg-laying line (34,397 chickens), were used to determine deviations between observed EP and expected average batch EP, and between observed EP and expected individual EP. These deviations were used to calculate three types of resilience indicators for two life periods of each individual: natural logarithm-transformed variance (ln(variance)), skewness, and lag-one autocorrelation (autocorrelation) of deviations from 25 to 83 weeks of age and from 83 weeks of age to end of life. Then, we estimated their genetic correlations with EP traits and with two antibody traits. Results: The most promising resilience indicators were those based on 1-week-intervals, as they had the highest heritability estimates (0.02–0.12) and high genetic correlations (above 0.60) with the same resilience indicators based on longer intervals. The three types of resilience indicators differed genetically from each other, which indicates that they possibly capture different aspects of resilience. Genetic correlations of the resilience indicator traits based on 1-week-intervals with EP traits were favorable or zero, which means that trade-off effects were marginal. The resilience indicator traits based on 1-week-intervals also showed no genetic correlations with the antibody traits, which suggests that they are not informative for improved immunity or vice versa in the nucleus environment. Conclusions: This paper gives direction towards the evaluation and implementation of resilience indicators, i.e. to further investigate resilience indicator traits based on 1-week-intervals, in breeding programs for selecting genetically more resilient layer chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. No SARS‐CoV ‐2 antibody response in 25 patients with pseudo‐chilblains
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Iris González-Villanueva, Eduardo Vergara-de Caso, Isabel Betlloch-Mas, Alexandre Docampo-Simón, Juan Carlos Palazón-Cabanes, Gloria Juan-Carpena, Adelina Gimeno-Gascon, Mar Blanes-Martínez, and María José Sánchez-Pujol
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,coronavirus ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,chilblains ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,Serology ,Short Papers ,Young Adult ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,COVID-19 Testing ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID‐19 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Short Paper ,Humans ,Outpatient clinic ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Chilblains ,Prospective cohort study ,Coronavirus ,acral ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Infant ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Antibody response ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Antibody Formation ,Quarantine ,Female ,business - Abstract
Chilblain‐like acral lesions have been identified in some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. It has been suggested that these pseudo‐chilblains could be a specific marker of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Most patients with these lesions have had negative polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), but some authors believe serology tests are likely to give positive results. We designed a prospective study including all patients with pseudo‐chilblains treated in outpatient department in April and May 2020 and then performed SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR and serology tests on all available patients. We evaluated 59 patients, of whom 17 had undergone PCR before the study period, all with negative results. For the present study, we performed 20 additional PCRs, serology tests in 25 patients, and a parvovirus B19 antibody test in 15 patients. All results were negative. Our findings counter the hypothesis that serology is likely to reveal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with pseudo‐chilblains. One hypothesis for our negative results is that the time period between symptom onset and antibody production is longer in these patients; another is that the lesions are caused by behavioral changes during lockdown rather than SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We nevertheless maintain that COVID‐19 should be ruled out in people presenting with chilblain‐like lesions.
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- 2020
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36. Antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2
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Henry Ng, Mia Phillipson, Kim Blom, Ulrika Marking, Sara M. Mangsbo, Peter Nilsson, Ann-Christin Salomonsson, Sophia Hober, Sebastian Havervall, Charlotte Thålin, Max Gordon, Jonas Klingstrom, Nina Greilert-Norin, Mikael Åberg, Cecilia Hellström, and Elisa Pin
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Infectious Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,Research paper ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Health Personnel ,Neutralizing antibody response ,Immunization, Secondary ,Infektionsmedicin ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Serology ,Immune system ,R5-920 ,Prior infection ,ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ,Blocking antibody ,Medicine ,Humans ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,BNT162 Vaccine ,BNT162b2 vaccine ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,fungi ,Vaccination ,Wild type ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,body regions ,Regimen ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Antibody Formation ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Background Recent reports demonstrate robust serological responses to a single dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data on immune responses following a single-dose adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection are however limited, and current guidelines recommend a two-dose regimen regardless of preexisting immunity. Methods We compared RBD-specific IgG and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern following two doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in SARS-CoV-2 naive healthcare workers (n=65) and a single dose of the adenovector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in 82 healthcare workers more than (n=45) and less than (n=37) 11 months post mild SARS-CoV-2 infection at time of vaccination. Findings The post-vaccine levels of RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern including Delta lineage 1.617.2 were similar or higher in participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine post SARS-CoV-2 infection (both more than and less than 11 months post infection) compared to SARS-CoV-2 naive participants who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. Interpretation Our data support that a single dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine that is administered up to at least 11 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection serves as an effective immune booster. This provides a possible rationale for a single-dose vaccine regimen. Funding A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section
- Published
- 2021
37. Template Theories, the Rule of Parsimony, and Disregard for Irreproducibility--The Example of Linus Pauling's Research on Antibody Formation.
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DEICHMANN, UTE
- Subjects
ANTIBODY formation ,SYNTHETIC antibodies ,AMINO acid sequence ,MOLECULAR imprinting ,INDUSTRIAL chemistry ,EDUCATION theory ,SUBJECTIVITY - Abstract
In 1940, Linus Pauling proposed his template theory of antibody formation, one of many such theories that rejected Paul Ehrlich's selective theory of preformed "receptors" (antibodies), assuming instead a direct molding of antibody shapes onto that of the antigen. Pauling believed that protein shapes--independently of amino acid sequences--determined antibody specificity and biological specificity in general. His theory was informed by his pioneering work on protein structure, and it was inspired by the intuitive "rule of parsimony" and simplicity. In 1942, Pauling published his alleged success in producing specific artificial antibodies through experiments based on his 1940 theory. However, his experiments could not be reproduced by prominent immunochemists at the time, and, later, it became generally accepted that antibody specificity was not generated according to Pauling's and others' "instruction" template theories. A citation analysis shows that Pauling's papers on antibody generation continue to be cited as, among other things, pioneering studies of a chemical technology called "molecular imprinting." The examples of Pauling and other protein chemists are used in this paper to demonstrate that scientific belief, philosophical concepts, and subjective theory preferences facilitated the occurrence of irreproducibility in immunochemistry and beyond. The article points to long-term consequences for the scientific community if irreproducible results are not acknowledged. It concludes by arguing that despite the risks, e.g., for the occurrence and perpetuation of irreproducible results that they entail, subjectivity and a commitment to scientific convictions have often been pre-requisites for the generation, and holding on to, scientific innovation in the face of doubt and rejection from the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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38. Position statement on the use of biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease
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Emanuel Burri, Christian Mottet, Pierre Michetti, Michel H. Maillard, Pascal Juillerat, Stephan R. Vavricka, Nadine Zahnd, Michael Manz, Gerhard Rogler, and University of Zurich
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Position statement ,030213 general clinical medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,610 Medicine & health ,2700 General Medicine ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Drug Prescriptions ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals ,Drug Approval ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Drug Substitution ,Treatment options ,Biosimilar ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Safety profile ,10219 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Antibody Formation ,Position paper ,business ,Antibody formation - Abstract
Biologics are effective and have a good safety profile in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biosimilars have recently become available as treatment option. They are biological agents that are highly similar to the original biologic compound in their structure, biological activity, efficacy and safety. This position paper summarises current knowledge on biosimilars and presents its statements on regulatory issues and clinical situation in order to provide clinicians adequate information for them to reach informed and appropriate shared decision-making with their patients.
- Published
- 2019
39. SARS-CoV-2 serology in pediatrics: Seroprevalence studies in unvaccinated children and humoral antibody response post vaccination.
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Bohn MK, Steele S, and Adeli K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Child, Child, Preschool, COVID-19 Vaccines, Canada, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Antibodies, Viral, Immunoglobulin G, Vaccination, Antibody Formation, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly accepted as the central correlate of immune protection. Recent pediatric seroprevalence data are extremely limited. Significant knowledge gaps also exist in immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children. As children demonstrate distinct response to naïve infection relative to adults, it is essential to investigate age-specific differences in seroprevalence and antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination., Methods: Seroprevalence was assessed through two cross-sectional serosurveys prior to COVID-19 vaccination approval in children <5 years using residual patient specimens (n = 2902). To assess antibody response post-vaccination, 842 participants (580 children, 262 adults) were prospectively recruited with informed consent. Participation required completion of a health questionnaire and blood donation. Samples were collected at varying times post-vaccination and assayed using the Abbott AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II and DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assays., Results: Significant increases in seroprevalence were observed between the first and second serosurveys in unvaccinated children <6 months to 5 years (38-75%). In the prospective vaccination cohort, serokinetic response decreased with time post-dose of an mRNA vaccine. Measured IgG titres were significantly higher in children relative to adults across all time points., Conclusions: This is the largest evaluation of quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in a cohort of Canadian children, adolescents, and adults. Findings suggest high rates of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among unvaccinated young children in the Toronto community. Additional data supports children have higher antibody titres relative to adults post-vaccination., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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40. Guest Editorial: The inner immune voice: Can we explicitly sense antibody response to Covid-19 vaccination?
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Lasselin J and Schedlowski M
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- Humans, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccination, Antibody Formation, COVID-19
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
- Published
- 2023
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41. Impact of interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab on SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and antibody responses in patients with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study
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Mar Masiá, Vanesa Agulló, Marta Fernández-González, Lucía Guillén, Félix Gutiérrez, Javier García-Abellán, Guillermo Telenti, José A. García, Piedad Ortega, and Sergio Padilla
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,viruses ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antibodies, Viral ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,lcsh:R5-920 ,biology ,Interleukin ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,Tocilizumab ,N-IgG ,Titer ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Coronavirus Infections ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Viral load ,Research Paper ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,Interleukin 6 ,Viral kinetics ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Interleukin-6 ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,lcsh:R ,COVID-19 ,Blockade ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,S-IgG ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antibody Formation ,Immunology ,Commentary ,biology.protein ,Antibody responses ,Anti-cytokine therapy ,business - Abstract
Background: The virological and immunological effects of the immunomodulatory drugs used for COVID-19 remain unknown. We evaluated the impact of interleukin (IL)-6 blockade with tocilizumab on SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and the antibody response in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Prospective cohort study in patients admitted with COVID-19. Serial nasopharyngeal and plasma samples were measured for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and S-IgG/N-IgG titers, respectively. Findings: 138 patients with confirmed infection were included; 76 (55%) underwent IL-6 blockade. Median initial SOFA (p = 0.016) and SARS-CoV-2 viral load (p
- Published
- 2020
42. Serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital staff with mild disease in eastern France
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Yoann Madec, François Anna, Sandrine Fernandes-Pellerin, Marie Mielcarek, Olivier Schwartz, Rebecca Grant, Nicolas Collongues, Isabelle Staropoli, David Rey, Alexandre Bolle, Nathalie Jolly, Laura Tondeur, Charlotte Renaudat, Ludivine Grzelak, Nicolas Lefebvre, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Arnaud Fontanet, Bruno Hoen, Jérôme De Seze, Timothée Bruel, Catherine Schmidt-Mutter, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Aurélie Velay, Pierre Charneau, Philippe Souque, Nicolas Meyer, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), CHU Strasbourg, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-TheraVectys, Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie / Molecular Virology and Vaccinology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), CIC Strasbourg (Centre d’Investigation Clinique Plurithématique (CIC - P) ), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nouvel Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Groupe Méthodes en Recherche Clinique [Strasbourg] (GMRC), Nouvel Hôpital Civil [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-CHU Strasbourg, École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de la recherche médicale de l'Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), OS lab is funded by Institut Pasteur, ANRS, Sidaction, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR- 10-LABX-77), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), 'TIMTAMDEN' ANR-14-CE14-0029, 'CHIKV-Viro- Immuno' ANR-14-CE14-0015-01 and the Gilead HIV cure program. LG is supported by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. SFK lab receives funding from Strasbourg University Hospitals (COVID-HUS, CE-2020-34)., ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0029,TIMTAMDEN,Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue(2014), ANR-14-CE14-0015,CHIKV-Viro-Immuno,Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya(2014), univOAK, Archive ouverte, Laboratoires d'excellence - Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute - - VRI2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0077 - LABX - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue - - TIMTAMDEN2014 - ANR-14-CE14-0029 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya - - CHIKV-Viro-Immuno2014 - ANR-14-CE14-0015 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE)
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Future studies ,MESH: Coronavirus Infections ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Antibodies, Viral ,Severity of Illness Index ,Neutralization ,Serology ,MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,MESH: COVID-19 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mild disease ,[SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,MESH: Middle Aged ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,MESH: Hospitals ,Hospitals ,3. Good health ,[SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology ,[SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,MESH: RNA, Viral ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,RNA, Viral ,MESH: Betacoronavirus ,Female ,France ,Sample collection ,Antibody ,Coronavirus Infections ,Research Paper ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MESH: Pandemics ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Health Personnel ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Antibodies ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,MESH: Severity of Illness Index ,medicine ,Humans ,Serologic Tests ,MESH: SARS-CoV-2 ,Symptom onset ,Pandemics ,030304 developmental biology ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,Mild covid-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,MESH: Serologic Tests ,COVID-19 ,MESH: Adult ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,MESH: Male ,Personnel, Hospital ,MESH: France ,030104 developmental biology ,MESH: Pneumonia, Viral ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,MESH: Health Personnel ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,MESH: Female ,MESH: Antibodies, Viral - Abstract
PMCID: PMC7502660; International audience; BACKGROUND: The serologic response of individuals with mild forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly characterized.METHODS: Hospital staff who had recovered from mild forms of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using two assays: a rapid immunodiagnostic test (99.4% specificity) and the S-Flow assay (~99% specificity). The neutralizing activity of the sera was tested with a pseudovirus-based assay.FINDINGS: Of 162 hospital staff who participated in the investigation, 160 reported SARS-CoV-2 infection that had not required hospital admission and were included in these analyses. The median time from symptom onset to blood sample collection was 24 days (IQR: 21-28, range 13-39). The rapid immunodiagnostic test detected antibodies in 153 (95.6%) of the samples and the S-Flow assay in 159 (99.4%), failing to detect antibodies in one sample collected 18 days after symptom onset (the rapid test did not detect antibodies in that patient). Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were detected in 79%, 92% and 98% of samples collected 13-20, 21-27 and 28-41 days after symptom onset, respectively (P = 0.02). INTERPRETATION: Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in virtually all hospital staff sampled from 13 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. This finding supports the use of serologic testing for the diagnosis of individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The neutralizing activity of the antibodies increased overtime. Future studies will help assess the persistence of the humoral response and its associated neutralization capacity in recovered patients.FUNDINGS: The funders had no role in study design, data collection, interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
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- 2020
43. Dose selection for biological enzyme replacement therapy indicated for inborn errors of metabolism.
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Hon, Yuen Yi, Wang, Jie, Abodakpi, Henrietta, Balakrishnan, Anand, Pacanowski, Michael, Chakder, Sushanta, Smpokou, Patroula, Donohue, Kathleen, and Wang, Yow‐Ming C.
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INBORN errors of metabolism ,ENZYME replacement therapy ,BIOLOGICAL products ,IMMUNOLOGICAL tolerance ,ANTIBODY formation - Abstract
This paper summarizes key features of the dose‐finding strategies used in the development of 11 approved new molecular entities that are first‐in‐class enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), with a goal to gain insight into the dose exploration approaches to inform efficient dose‐finding in future development of biological products for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM). Dose exploration should preferably begin in in vitro studies, followed by testing multiple doses in an appropriate animal disease model, when available, which can provide important information for dose assessment in humans. Performing adequate dose‐finding in early phase clinical studies in a well‐defined study population, including pediatric subjects, is generally critical to inform dose selection for pivotal trials; alternatively, additional dose exploration can be incorporated as part of a pivotal trial. Two important considerations for successful dose selection include (1) identifying appropriate disease‐specific endpoints, including pharmacodynamic (PD) end points and intermediate clinical end points or clinical end points, and (2) designing a study with adequate treatment durations for evaluating these end points. Appropriately selected PD biomarkers is useful for dose selection, and early development of these biomarkers can facilitate the overall clinical development program. Optimization of ERT doses, as well as evaluations of patient intrinsic factors and/or immune tolerance strategies may be necessary to overcome antibody responses or increase efficacy in IEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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44. Biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the humoral immunoresponse: a systematic review of evidence to support global policy-level actions and research.
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Nair, Shalini and Xinguang Chen
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ONLINE information services ,HEALTH policy ,COVID-19 ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SERODIAGNOSIS ,MOLECULAR pathology ,ANTIBODY formation ,MOLECULAR biology ,SEVERITY of illness index ,DECISION making ,SARS virus ,MEDLINE ,VIRAL antibodies ,COVID-19 testing - Abstract
Background: Both population-level epidemiological data and individual-level biological data are needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Population-level data are widely available and efforts to combat COVID-19 have generated proliferate data on the biology and immunoresponse to the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there remains a paucity of systemized data on this subject. Objective: In this review, we attempt to extract systemized data on the biology and immuno-response to SARS-CoV-2 from the most up-to-date peer-reviewed studies. We will focus on the biology of the virus and immunological variations that are key for determining long-term immunity, transmission potential, and prognosis. Data Sources and Methods: Peer-reviewed articles were sourced from the PubMed database and by snowballing search of selected publications. Search terms included: "Novel Coronavirus" OR "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019-nCoV" AND "Immunity" OR "Immune Response" OR "Antibody Response" OR "Immunologic Response". Studies published from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020 were included. To ensure validity, papers in pre-print were excluded. Results: Of 2 889 identified papers, 36 were included. Evidence from these studies suggests early seroconversion in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Antibody titers appear to markedly increase two weeks after infection, followed by a plateau. A more robust immune response is seen in patients with severe COVID-19 as opposed to mild or asymptomatic presentations. This trend persists with regard to the length of antibody maintenance. However, overall immunity appears to wane within two to three months post-infection. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 follow the general pattern of viral infection. Immunity generated through natural infection appears to be short, suggesting a need for long-term efforts to control the pandemic. Antibody testing will be essential to gauge the epidemic and inform decision-making on effective strategies for treatment and prevention. Further research is needed to illustrate immunoglobulin-specific roles and neutralizing antibody activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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45. Circulating follicular helper T cells and subsets are associated with immune response to hepatitis B vaccination
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Yan Zhang, Lingfeng Huang, Mingjuan Yin, Jie Zhao, Gang Liu, Jingxiao Huang, Yongzhen Xiong, Jin-Mei Zeng, Jindong Ni, Yi Zhao, Tingyu Lian, Zuwei Yu, and Dong-Mei Liang
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HBsAg ,T Follicular Helper Cells ,T cell ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Spleen ,CXCR3 ,CD19 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Animals ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pharmacology ,biology ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ,BCL6 ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
Around 5–10% of healthy vaccinees lack or produce an inadequate antibody response following receipt of a standard hepatitis B vaccination regimen. Studying immune response to hepatitis B vaccination could promote researches of immunological events contributing to this poor response. To address this, we investigated follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and firstly demonstrated similar kinetics between circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells and Tfh cells derived from mice spleen after hepatitis B vaccination. And cTfh cells were positively associated with anti-HBs at one week after vaccination (D7). Furthermore, we found PBMCs stimulated by HBsAg showed preferential activation of CXCR3(−) Tfh cells subsets in vitro. The expression of transcription factor BCL6 in CD4(+) T cell significantly differed between D7 and four weeks after vaccination (D28). However, dynamic curve of CD19(+) B cells tended to rise then fall but no significant trends were observed. Our findings revealed a decrease in cTfh cells and subset skewing contribute to reduced antibody responses in immune response to hepatitis B vaccination, which indicated the importance of Tfh cell in facilitating the optimization of vaccine efficacy.
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- 2020
46. Analysis of protective immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination in HIV-infected individuals
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Shenghui Qin, Ying Xia, Guoqiang Du, and Fuli Mi
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Influenza vaccine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,HIV Infections ,Antibodies, Viral ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Neutralization ,Serology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,Influenza, Human ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pharmacology ,biology ,business.industry ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,Vaccination ,virus diseases ,Apoptosis ,Influenza Vaccines ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Seasons ,Antibody ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
Owing to their increased susceptibility to influenza infection, HIV+ individuals are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccination. However, influenza vaccination induced production of anti-influenza neutralization antibodies (Nab) is successful only in some viral-suppressed antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated HIV+ subjects. Additionally, the mechanism of antibody response induced by influenza vaccine in antiretroviral-treated HIV+ subjects is unclear. In this study, we conducted a cohort study which contains 40 HIV+ ART-treated individuals to whom one dose of seasonal influenza vaccine was administered. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 7, 14, and 28 post-vaccination, and serologic responses were characterized by ELISA and micro-neutralization to measure the total antibodies and Nab against influenza vaccines. Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and immunological assays was measured. Increased levels of proliferation of CD4+T cells and B cells with their corresponding subtypes were observed in HIV-infected subjects at day 7 (D7) following vaccination compared to pre-vaccination. Moreover, proliferation of CD4+T cells and B cells (D7) was correlated with influenza-specific H1N1 Nab at day 28 (D28). Our study could also demonstrate that apoptosis of CD4+T cells and B cells (D7) were inversely correlated with influenza-specific H1N1 Nab. Based on the Nab response after vaccination to each influenza subtypes (D28), HIV+ subjects were stratified as influenza vaccine responders and influenza vaccine non-responders ("responders" ≥ 4-fold increase from day 0; "non-responders" < 4-fold increase from day 0). A selected list of biological pathways (H1N1and H3N2: olfactory transduction, B: phagosome) enriched with transcripts were significantly altered in (ART) treated HIV+ subjects among Nab production responders. This study demonstrated a more detailed mechanism of immune regulation on influenza induced antibody response and revealed some knowledge regarding bioinformatics of vaccine responders and non-responder in influenza induced antibody production in ART-treated HIV patients.
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- 2020
47. Within-host modeling to measure dynamics of antibody responses after natural infection or vaccination: A systematic review.
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Garcia-Fogeda I, Besbassi H, Larivière Y, Ogunjimi B, Abrams S, and Hens N
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- Immunity, Humoral, Models, Theoretical, Antibody Formation, Vaccination
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Background: Within-host models describe the dynamics of immune cells when encountering a pathogen, and how these dynamics can lead to an individual-specific immune response. This systematic review aims to summarize which within-host methodology has been used to study and quantify antibody kinetics after infection or vaccination. In particular, we focus on data-driven and theory-driven mechanistic models., Materials: PubMed and Web of Science databases were used to identify eligible papers published until May 2022. Eligible publications included those studying mathematical models that measure antibody kinetics as the primary outcome (ranging from phenomenological to mechanistic models)., Results: We identified 78 eligible publications, of which 8 relied on an Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs)-based modelling approach to describe antibody kinetics after vaccination, and 12 studies used such models in the context of humoral immunity induced by natural infection. Mechanistic modeling studies were summarized in terms of type of study, sample size, measurements collected, antibody half-life, compartments and parameters included, inferential or analytical method, and model selection., Conclusions: Despite the importance of investigating antibody kinetics and underlying mechanisms of (waning of) the humoral immunity, few publications explicitly account for this in a mathematical model. In particular, most research focuses on phenomenological rather than mechanistic models. The limited information on the age groups or other risk factors that might impact antibody kinetics, as well as a lack of experimental or observational data remain important concerns regarding the interpretation of mathematical modeling results. We reviewed the similarities between the kinetics following vaccination and infection, emphasising that it may be worth translating some features from one setting to another. However, we also stress that some biological mechanisms need to be distinguished. We found that data-driven mechanistic models tend to be more simplistic, and theory-driven approaches lack representative data to validate model results., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Irene Garcia-Fogeda reports financial support was provided by University of Antwerp. Niel Hens (NH) reports that the Universities of Antwerp and Hasselt have received funding for advisory boards and research projects of MSD, GSK, JnJ, Pfizer outside the proposed work. NH did not receive any personal remuneration., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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48. Impact of a Heat Shock Protein Impurity on the Immunogenicity of Biotherapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
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Rebecca J. Dearman, Shahid Uddin, Adrian Podmore, Stephen Bishop, Maryam Shah, Jeremy P. Derrick, Ian Kimber, Shraddha S. Rane, and Alain Pluen
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Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,immunogenicity ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,law.invention ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Immunogenetic Phenomena ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Chemistry ,Immunogenicity ,aggregation ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,adaptive immunity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Acquired immune system ,Recombinant Proteins ,Cell biology ,host cell impurity ,Recombinant DNA ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Antibody ,0210 nano-technology ,Research Paper ,Protein Binding ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug_class ,Monoclonal antibody ,03 medical and health sciences ,Protein Aggregates ,Immune system ,Heat shock protein ,medicine ,Animals ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Pharmacology ,Organic Chemistry ,Hsp70 ,monoclonal antibody ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Stress, Mechanical ,Heat-Shock Response - Abstract
Purpose Anti-drug antibodies can impair the efficacy of therapeutic proteins and, in some circumstances, induce adverse health effects. Immunogenicity can be promoted by aggregation; here we examined the ability of recombinant mouse heat shock protein 70 (rmHSP70) - a common host cell impurity - to modulate the immune responses to aggregates of two therapeutic mAbs in mice. Methods Heat and shaking stress methods were used to generate aggregates in the sub-micron size range from two human mAbs, and immunogenicity assessed by intraperitoneal exposure in BALB/c mice. Results rmHSP70 was shown to bind preferentially to aggregates of both mAbs, but not to the native, monomeric proteins. Aggregates supplemented with 0.1% rmHSP70 induced significantly enhanced IgG2a antibody responses compared with aggregates alone but the effect was not observed for monomeric mAbs. Dendritic cells pulsed with mAb aggregate showed enhanced IFNγ production on co-culture with T cells in the presence of rmHSP70. Conclusion The results indicate a Th1-skewing of the immune response by aggregates and show that murine rmHSP70 selectively modulates the immune response to mAb aggregates, but not monomer. These data suggest that heat shock protein impurities can selectively accumulate by binding to mAb aggregates and thus influence immunogenic responses to therapeutic proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-019-2586-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2019
49. Race-related differences in antibody responses to the inactivated influenza vaccine are linked to distinct pre-vaccination gene expression profiles in blood
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Susan A. Doyle, Zhiquan Xiang, Larissa H. Haut, Raj K. Kurupati, S. Kannan, Hildegund C.J. Ertl, Yan Li, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Qin Liu, Kenneth E. Schmader, and Louise C. Showe
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,T-Lymphocytes ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antibodies, Viral ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,Influenza A virus ,Ethnicity ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,race ,Aged, 80 and over ,B-Lymphocytes ,biology ,Antibody titer ,Research Paper: Immunology ,Vaccination ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Influenza Vaccines ,Immunology and Microbiology Section ,Female ,Antibody ,inactivated influenza vaccine ,Adult ,Influenza vaccine ,Black People ,Virus ,White People ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immunity ,Influenza, Human ,Humans ,Immune response ,B cell ,Aged ,B cell responses ,business.industry ,United States ,Black or African American ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Immunoglobulin M ,Vaccines, Inactivated ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,business ,Transcriptome - Abstract
// Raj Kurupati 1,* , Andrew Kossenkov 1,* , Larissa Haut 1 , Senthil Kannan 1,2 , Zhiquan Xiang 1 , Yan Li 1 , Susan Doyle 3 , Qin Liu 1 , Kenneth Schmader 3 , Louise Showe 1 and Hildegund Ertl 1 1 The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2 Biomedical Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 3 Development and Division of Geriatrics, GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center and Center for the Study of Aging and Human, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hildegund Ertl, email: // Keywords : B cell responses, inactivated influenza vaccine, race, Immunology and Microbiology Section, Immune response, Immunity Received : June 17, 2016 Accepted : August 25, 2016 Published :August 30, 2016 Abstract We conducted a 5-year study analyzing antibody and B cell responses to the influenza A virus components of the inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent (IIV3) or quadrivalent (IIV4) in younger (aged 35-45) and aged (≥65 years of age) Caucasian and African American individuals. Antibody titers to the two influenza A virus strains, distribution of circulating B cell subsets and the blood transcriptome were tested at baseline and after vaccination while expression of immunoregulatory markers on B cells were analyzed at baseline. African Americans mounted higher virus neutralizing and IgG antibody responses to the H1N1 component of IIV3 or 4 compared to Caucasians. African Americans had higher levels of circulating B cell subsets compared to Caucasians. Expression of two co-regulators, i.e., programmed death (PD)-1 and the B and T cell attenuator (BTLA) were differentially expressed in the two cohorts. Race-related differences were caused by samples from younger African Americans, while results obtained with samples of aged African Americans were similar to those of aged Caucasians. Gene expression profiling by Illumina arrays revealed highly significant differences in 1368 probes at baseline between Caucasians and African Americans although samples from both cohorts showed comparable changes in transcriptome following vaccination. Genes differently expressed between samples from African Americans and Caucasians regardless of age were enriched for myeloid genes, while the transcripts that differed in expression between younger African Americans and younger Caucasians were enriched for those specific for B-cells.
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- 2016
50. Enhanced expression of LINE-1-encoded ORF2 protein in early stages of colon and prostate transformation
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Steno Sentinelli, Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Chiara De Luca, Ilaria Sciamanna, Michele Gallucci, Gerald G. Schumann, Corrado Spadafora, Fiorella Guadagni, and Andreas Hoffmann
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pathology ,Somatic cell ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Cell Transformation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Immunoenzyme Techniques ,Mice ,Prostate ,Monoclonal ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Inbred BALB C ,Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ,Intraepithelial neoplasia ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Tumor ,Cultured ,Blotting ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ,Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica ,Prognosis ,Tumor Cells ,ORF2 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,Oncology ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Adenocarcinoma ,LINE-1/L1 ,Western ,Research Paper ,Adenoma ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blotting, Western ,Antibodies ,03 medical and health sciences ,reverse transcriptase ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Animals ,Deoxyribonuclease I ,Humans ,Neoplasm Staging ,Neoplastic ,business.industry ,Cell growth ,retrotransposon ,Cancer ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Endonucleases ,Reverse transcriptase ,tumorigenesis ,030104 developmental biology ,Tissue Array Analysis ,Antibody Formation ,Cancer research ,Neoplasm Grading ,Carcinogenesis ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons are a source of endogenous reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, which is expressed as part of the L1-encoded ORF2 protein (L1-ORF2p). L1 elements are highly expressed in many cancer types but not in differentiated somatic tissues. We previously found that RT inhibition reduces cell proliferation and promote differentiation in neoplastic cells, indicating that high endogenous RT activity promote cancer growth. Here we investigate the expression of L1-ORF2p in several human types ocancer.We have developed a highly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb chA1-L1) raised against the endonuclease domain of L1-ORF2p as a tool to study ORF2p expression and localization in human cancer cell lines and staged bioptic tissues. We uncover new evidence for high levels of L1-ORF2p in transformed cell lines and staged epithelial cancer tissues (colon, prostate, lung and breast) while no or only basal ORF2p expression was detected in non-transformed cells. An in-depth analysis of colon and prostate cancer tissues shows ORF2p expression in pre-neoplastic stages, namely transitional mucosa and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), respectively. Our results show that L1-ORF2p is overexpressed in tumor tissues and in pre-neoplastic colon and prostate tissues; this latter finding suggests that ORF2p could be considered as a potential early cancer diagnostic biomarker.
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- 2015
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