8,719 results
Search Results
102. Call for Papers: Sustainability and Climate Change.
- Author
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Venkatesan, Madhavi
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,SUSTAINABILITY ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SUSTAINABLE development ,SUSTAINABLE development reporting - Abstract
B I Sustainability and Climate Change i b is a peer-reviewed publication dedicated to furthering the science of sustainability, sustainable development, and climate change. The editorial team of B I Sustainability and Climate Change i b invites you to submit your manuscript for consideration. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
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103. Unlocking the Green Economy in African Countries: An Integrated Framework of FinTech as an Enabler of the Transition to Sustainability.
- Author
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Tamasiga, Phemelo, Onyeaka, Helen, and Ouassou, El houssin
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SUSTAINABLE development ,GREEN technology ,FINANCIAL technology ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,DEVELOPING countries ,INDUSTRY 4.0 ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
The emergence of new transformational technology, known as the fourth industrial revolution, has crucially opened a new window to green economic growth. The transition to low carbon, green economy, and green sustainability has gained momentum simultaneously in developed and developing countries. The greening policy echoes the pending climate change and its entrenching disruptions. Financial technology, or FinTech seems to be a promising direction in unlocking the green dilemma; to be concrete, FinTech and the green economy are separately documented in the literature. Against this background, the current study investigates the intersection between green economic growth and FinTech by conducting a systematic-cum-bibliometric analysis of published papers in the Scopus database with the goal of first examining the role and opportunities of implementing green FinTech as a stimulus for transition towards green economic growth in African countries and, second, identifying knowledge gaps and future policy and research directions by developing an integrated framework to help African countries in the transition to green economic growth and green FinTech. The results illustrate an increasing trend in research attention towards the green FinTech concept and its relationship with green economic growth, climate change, and greening rules and standards. A deep inspection of the mined papers indicates that future research trajectories are oriented into five different mainstreams: technology and instruments in digital finance; regulation, policies, and green FinTech; climate risk mitigation through FinTech; FinTech and environmental quality; green finance and climate change mitigation. Based on these research directions, an integrated framework was conceptualised that aims to deliver green economic growth using FinTech as a vehicle of transition for African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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104. Carbon Stocks of Forests and Tree Plantations Along an Elevational Gradient in the Western Ghats: Does Plant Diversity Impact Forest Carbon Stocks?
- Author
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Kumar, B. Mohan and Balasubramanian, D.
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- 2024
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105. Predicting climate-based changes of landscape structure for Turkiye via global climate change scenarios: a case study in Bartin river basin with time series analysis for 2050
- Author
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Kalayci Kadak, Merve, Ozturk, Sevgi, and Mert, Ahmet
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- 2024
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106. IATEFL's green credentials.
- Author
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Burton, Jon
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CLIMATE change mitigation ,PAPER recycling ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,WASTE recycling ,ENGLISH language education - Abstract
In the article, the author discusses their efforts as members of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (IATEFL) to help in mitigating climate change. Also cited are their strategies like recycling paper, food waste, and containers, their issuance of biodegradable membership cards, and their environmentally-responsible actions for their annual international conference.
- Published
- 2019
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107. Does climate action bring peace? Assessing the geopolitics of renewables using global investment data.
- Author
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Braunstein, Juergen, Goldthau, Andreas C., and Veit, Konstantin
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CLIMATE change mitigation ,PEACE ,GEOPOLITICS ,SOCIAL stability ,RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
The transition toward renewables is central to climate action. The paper empirically tests whether renewables also enhance international peace, a hypothesis discussed in the International Political Economy (IPE) of renewables literature. It develops and tests hypotheses about the pacifying effects of renewables, with a view to establishing the foundations for analyzing more detailed causal mechanisms. These mechanisms rest on the 'energy democracy' debate, suggesting that a low carbon world sees less interstate tension thanks to more states being democratic; the 'capitalist peace' theorem, establishing that the deployment of renewables brings about economic development, reducing conflict; and the human security literature, positing that renewables reduce local-level reduce vulnerabilities, thus enhancing social stability and reducing violence. Using a longitudinal dataset on global renewable energy investment, econometric tests suggest that distributed renewable energy systems do not seem to foster democratic rule, nor do they have a significant influence on human development. Countering the energy democracy literature, it is a higher concentration of renewable investment that tends to increase stability/ absence of violence and human development, instead of decentralized investment patterns. We find no evidence for the 'peace through prosperity' argument. Overall, there is no support for the assumption that renewables bring about peace and reduce conflict. The paper critically discusses the limitations of these findings and suggests further avenues for empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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108. Mobilizing infrastructure investments for urban climate action in Africa: enabling factors for multilevel action.
- Author
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Tozer, Laura, Mayr, Marcus, Greenwalt, Julie, Nadi, Gifti, and Runhaar, Hens
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CLIMATE change mitigation ,URBAN climatology ,INFRASTRUCTURE funds ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,COMMUNITIES - Abstract
This article explores the importance of national governments and national-local relationships for scaling up local climate action to achieve global goals. From the Sustainable Development Goals to the New Urban Agenda to the Paris Climate Change Agreement, the achievement of global sustainability goals will depend on deep changes to national infrastructure and urban systems. Through an analysis of climate action planning and investments in exemplary cases in Africa, the paper highlights the opportunities and challenges that come with integrating national governments into urban-focused priorities and needs, especially for mobilising financial resources. The paper finds that scaling up city climate action in the selected African countries benefits from a constructive multi-level relationship between local and national institutions and stakeholders to shape and improve the legislative, financial and operating frameworks to enable systemic change. Large-scale urban climate action can be enabled by formal multi-level institutional arrangements, links to politically prioritised policy frameworks, and transformative aims that address both climate and socio-economic benefits for communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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109. THE CITY OF TSHWANE METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY'S RESPONSE TO THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ROAD TRANSPORT.
- Author
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Mashamaite, Maijane M.
- Subjects
AUTOMOTIVE transportation ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,GLOBAL warming ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
This paper analyses how climate change has an impact on the road transport infrastructure of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM). There is no empirical component to this paper. Thus, desk research or secondary research was used. The desk research method entails gathering pre-existing data from a range of sources, such as government documents, the internet, critical scholarly reviews, books and conceptual analyses. This paper finds deplorable road infrastructure elements that are highly vulnerable to climate change. It discusses various options for responding to the growth of road transport infrastructure during the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance phases. The paper shows that a key factor in responding is the design aspect and emphasises the necessity of enhancing institutional capability to implement policy execution of mitigation action. It suggests expanding the current environmental impact assessment risk to incorporate an analysis of the impacts of climate change. The limited amount of literature that is available in the context of the South African local government points to the need for additional research in the fields of road transport and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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110. Nature-Based Solutions for Carbon Neutral Climate Resilient Buildings and Communities: A Review of Technical Evidence, Design Guidelines, and Policies.
- Author
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Xiao, Zhe, Ge, Hua, Lacasse, Michael A., Wang, Liangzhu, and Zmeureanu, Radu
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CARBON offsetting ,COMMUNITIES ,GREEN infrastructure ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,ENERGY consumption of buildings ,CARBON sequestration ,CITIES & towns ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
The building sector is responsible for nearly 40% of the total global direct and indirect CO
2 emissions. Urban green infrastructure, which includes features such as urban trees, vegetation, green roofs, and green facades, are examples of nature-based solutions often employed as municipal climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. This approach offers a range of cost-effective strategies for reducing municipal CO2 emissions and presents compelling public policy co-benefits such as improved urban livability and enhanced environmental conditions. For municipalities to confidently deploy these solutions at a scale necessary to achieve climate benefits, acquiring knowledge of quantifiable and demonstrated outcomes is an essential requirement. The objectives of this paper are to (1) provide a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and limitations of nature-based solutions (NBS) to address the challenge of reducing CO2 emissions; (2) evaluate existing design guidelines and policies as may be available across Canada, and that that support the of implementation of NBS in urban agglomerations; (3) identify knowledge gaps and research needs to address challenges to the implementation of NBS. In this review, suggestions and requirements as presented in these documents are examined while giving due consideration to the scientific evidence available in research papers. It was found that the adoption of NBS can contribute to carbon neutral communities through reduced building energy consumption and carbon sequestration. Supportive guidelines and policies have been developed, or are in development, to promote the implementation of NBS at the city scale, despite challenges in assessing, quantitatively, their impact due to uncertainties in data, methods, and scale. Nonetheless, existing research provides sufficient evidence to qualify the measures and suggestions outlined in the guidelines and policies described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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111. Sailing to save the planet? Media-produced narratives of Greta Thunberg's trip to the UN Climate Summit in German print newspapers.
- Author
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Lütkes, Linda, Tuitjer, Leonie, and Dirksmeier, Peter
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CLIMATE change conferences ,HUMAN geography ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,SAILING ,SCIENTIFIC communication - Abstract
Narratives and stories are important communication tools and as such essential subjects of social geography. This paper analyses the retelling of Greta Thunberg's sailing trip across the Atlantic to the Climate Action Summit in New York in 2019 in leading German newspapers and magazines and how her intentions are transformed through this reporting into different narratives. The research mainly focuses on examining the influence of space and place, as geographical research has revealed that spatial determinants are crucial in risk communication and knowledge generation on climate change but have yet to be studied considering stories. The paper, therefore, extends the story-based approach from communication sciences by geographical research on the role of space and place in action-based stories. Therefore, the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) is used to decode the spatial environment in narratives as an active element that shapes the narrative, and the way characters can (inter)act within these settings. The paper further develops the NPF framework through a geographical lens by focusing particularly on the selection options of spaces for social interactions and affective bonds. Thus, it becomes evident how spatial contexts and environments shape the interactions between individuals and crucially influence the types of narratives that emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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112. Climate Risk Disclosure and Institutional Investors.
- Author
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Ilhan, Emirhan, Krueger, Philipp, Sautner, Zacharias, and Starks, Laura T
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CLIMATE change mitigation ,ENVIRONMENTAL risk ,DISCLOSURE ,VALUES (Ethics) ,CARBON emissions ,CLIMATE change laws ,ENVIRONMENTAL, social, & governance factors ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Through a survey and analyses of observational data, we provide systematic evidence that institutional investors value and demand climate risk disclosures. The survey reveals the investors have a strong demand for climate risk disclosures, and many actively engage their portfolio firms for improvements. Empirical analyses of holdings data corroborate this evidence by showing a significantly positive association between climate-conscious institutional ownership and better firm-level climate risk disclosure. We establish further evidence of institutional investors' influence on firms' climate risk disclosures by examining a shock to the climate risk disclosure demand of French institutional investors (French Article 173). Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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113. Energy Transition and European Sub-Models. Restructuring EU Economy.
- Author
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Arsani, Alina and Stefan, George
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SOCIAL development ,ECONOMIC development ,CLIMATE change mitigation - Abstract
The European Union (EU) stands at the forefront of the global energy transition, committed to transforming its economy by adopting sustainable energy sources. This paper explores the diverse European sub-models of energy transition, highlighting different patterns among the EU Member States within the context of their particularities. Using the hierarchical cluster methodology and the panel data model with fixed effects for the period 2010-2021, we analyze the broader implications of the energy transition for the restructuring of the EU economy, with a focus on key sectors such as power generation, manufacturing, and social aspects. The study identifies significant challenges, including the need for substantial investment and technological innovation, as well as economic competitiveness, and social consequences. Additionally, the paper illustrates the complex interplay between climate objectives and economic restructuring within the EU, offering insights into the potential of the energy transition to not only mitigate climate change but also to drive socio-economic development and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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114. Climate Change Mitigation Performance in the EU Tourism Destination Sector.
- Author
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Streimikiene, Dalia and Kyriakopoulos, Grigorios L.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,TOURISM ,TOURIST attractions ,WATER efficiency ,ENERGY consumption ,GREENHOUSE gases ,POWER resources - Abstract
Climate change mitigation in the tourism sector is expanding research areas due to the importance of this sector and its rapid expansion. Aviation's contribution was found to be the most important source of GHG emissions from tourism. Also, the hospitality sector contributes a lot to GHG emissions in tourism destinations. Hospitality, constituting an essential component of the tourism industry, is a sector that has a high potential to reduce GHG and use of energy and water resources. Therefore, it is important to monitor the climate change mitigation performance of tourism destinations to achieve decarbonization of the tourism sector. The main objectives of this paper are to develop indicators of climate change mitigation performance of tourism destinations based on GHG indicators for the transport and hospitality sectors and apply this framework to assessment and ranking based on climate change mitigation performance of 4 main EU geographical regions as tourism destinations: Central, Northern, Southern, and Western Europe. This paper's main methodological approach is comparing and ranking different geographical regions in the European Union by assessing their climate change mitigation performance as tourist destinations. The study's main results showed that Finland, representing North Europe, is the best-performing country in climate change mitigation in tourism destinations. The second-best-performing geographical region is Western Europe. The worst-performing EU region based on climate change mitigation in tourism destinations was Central Europe. The South Europe region was found to be in a slightly better position than Central Europe but worse in comparison with Western Europe and especially in comparison to Northern Europe. The study's main implications provide policy recommendations for Central Europe as a tourism destination to increase energy and water use efficiency and the carbon footprint of the tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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115. Stakeholder-Centric Lean Strategies: Improving Project Outcomes through Active Engagement and Value Creation.
- Author
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Umasekar, Vijaya Kumar
- Subjects
VALUE creation ,HUMAN behavior ,VALUE stream mapping ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,ORGANIZATIONAL communication ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,JOB involvement - Abstract
Inside a regenerative framework, stakeholder networks in the roundabout economy (CE) handle maintainable creation and utilization. Accordingly, an examination of stakeholder communications inside these organizations offers significant experiences into the prompt estimates that ventures should accept to advance more noteworthy congruity between human action and the climate. Regardless, the administration writing on CE doesn't give a reasonable insightful system to stakeholder support. To address this lack, we played out a thorough evaluation of the writing that included subjective substance examination of the board research on CE to unwind the complexities of stakeholder cooperations in CE. By considering the moral, key, and commonsense parts of stakeholder contribution in CE, we can observe specific targets, activities, and results. While even minded stakeholder commitment prevails in our example, the review shows that to exploit stakeholder relationship collaborations in CE, embracing moral and key stakeholder involvement is similarly critical. Our characterization of stakeholder association in CE offers scholastics and directors an outline and features the helpfulness of the stakeholder network rationale driving cooperative endeavors to address ecological worries like biodiversity misfortune and environmental change. In this thus, we add to the collection of information on the convergence of stakeholder commitment and CE the executives writing and give a structure to additional examination around here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
116. Imagining and emplacing net zero industrial clusters: A critical analysis of stakeholder discourses.
- Author
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Lai, Huei‐Ling and Devine‐Wright, Patrick
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL clusters ,CRITICAL discourse analysis ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,ENERGY industries - Abstract
Decarbonizing industrial sectors is a critical global challenge, involving the creation of new industrial spaces—'net zero industrial clusters'—co‐locating energy sectors and 'hard‐to‐abate' industries such as oil refining and steelmaking. This paper provides the first empirically grounded geographical investigation of these emerging spaces. It employs a place‐based research agenda to unpack how UK net zero industrial clusters (ICs) are imagined and emplaced in policy and industry discourses through place‐based naming, spatial configuring and mapping activities. By conducting document analysis, 33 in‐depth stakeholder interviews and five field trips to three UK case studies, we show how cluster imaginaries vary across cases and policy contexts in terms of constituents, focus and purpose. Ontological complexity is compounded by different rationales among stakeholders in configuring clusters and by contested cluster naming and boundary setting. This ambiguous, evolving spatiality raises important political and justice concerns over who and where is excluded in cluster building. These findings advance the geographies of low‐carbon transitions by showing: (1) ways that ICs' spatial embeddedness, which underlies cluster spatial configurations, helps increase industry actors' recognition of their economic, social and cultural ties with the places of their making, even if this risks path dependency; (2) how fluid cluster boundaries, reflected in cluster names and maps, emphasize the value of a network topology of scale to enable spatially inclusive, multi‐scalar climate mitigation. Finally, we argue that a place‐sensitive net zero policy mindset is vital for fulfilling ICs and the UK's decarbonization potential in a manner that is both fair and locally grounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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117. The Role of the Energy Sector in Contributing to Sustainability Development Goals: A Text Mining Analysis of Literature.
- Author
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Carvalho, Luísa and Santos, Márcia R. C.
- Subjects
ENERGY industries ,TEXT mining ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CLEAN energy ,CLIMATE change mitigation - Abstract
This text mining study delves into the multifaceted contributions of the energy sector to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By analyzing 363 papers, we uncover key themes, trends, and challenges shaping the intersection of energy and sustainability. The findings reveal that the energy sector plays a pivotal role in achieving SDGs such as affordable and clean energy (SDG 7) and climate action (SDG 13). Critical issues encompass governance, policy frameworks, and technological innovations. This research underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and holistic approaches in addressing complex energy-related sustainability challenges. The insights derived here provide guidance to policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders seeking to harness the energy sector's potential for a more sustainable and equitable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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118. Inward- versus outward-focused bioeconomy strategies for British Columbia’s forest products industry: a harvested wood products carbon storage and emission perspective
- Author
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Sheng H. Xie, Werner A. Kurz, and Paul N. McFarlane
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Natural resource economics ,Population ,Market access ,Wood pellets ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Domestic market ,Climate change mitigation ,Biofuel ,Pulp and paper ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Carbon dynamics modeling ,GE1-350 ,education ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Global and Planetary Change ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Research ,Harvested wood products ,Mass timber construction ,biology.organism_classification ,Bioeconomy ,Emission reduction ,Environmental sciences ,Greenhouse gas ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Business ,Mountain pine beetle - Abstract
Background British Columbia’s (BC) extensive forest resources provide climate change mitigation opportunities that are available to few other jurisdictions. However, as a consequence of the Mountain Pine Beetle outbreak and large-scale wildfires, BC is anticipating reduced roundwood harvest for the next decades. Progress towards more climatically efficient utilization of forest resources is needed. This research quantitatively compared the greenhouse gas emission consequences of nine harvested wood products trade and consumption strategies. Inward-focused strategies use wood products within Canada to achieve emission reduction objectives, while outward-focused strategies encourage exports of wood products. Results In the business-as-usual baseline scenario, average emissions arising from BC-originated harvested wood products between 2016 and 2050 were 40 MtCO2e yr−1. The estimated theoretical boundaries were 11 MtCO2e yr−1 and 54 MtCO2e yr−1, under the scenarios of using all harvests for either construction purposes or biofuel production, respectively. Due to the constrained domestic market size, inward-focused scenarios that were based on population and market capacity achieved 0.3–10% emission reductions compared to the baseline. The international markets were larger, however the emissions varied substantially between 68% reduction and 25% increase depending on wood products’ end uses. Conclusions Future bioeconomy strategies can have a substantial impact on emissions. This analysis revealed that from a carbon storage and emission perspective, it was better to consume BC’s harvests within Canada and only export those products that would be used for long-lived construction applications, provided that construction market access beyond the US was available. However, restricting export of wood products destined for short-lived uses such as pulp and wood pellets would have significant economic and social impacts. On the other hand, inward-focused strategies had a small but politically and environmentally meaningful contribution to BC’s climate action plan. This study also revealed the conflicts between a demand-driven bioeconomy and targeted environmental outcomes. A hierarchical incentive system that could co-exist with other market drivers may help achieve emission reduction goals, but this would require a better quantitative understanding of wood products’ substitution effects. While the analyses were conducted for BC, other regions that are net exporters of wood products may face similar issues.
- Published
- 2021
119. A Social Dimension of Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change: Empowering Local Rural Communities to Confront Extreme Poverty.
- Author
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Amiraslani, Farshad and Dragovich, Deirdre
- Subjects
CLIMATE change adaptation ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,SOCIAL adjustment ,RURAL geography ,RURAL poor ,SELF-efficacy ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,CARBON sequestration - Abstract
Climate change impacts occur at varying spatial scales requiring appropriately scaled responses. In impoverished rural areas, adapting to or mitigating the effects of climate change is challenging, with any short-term impairment to precarious livelihoods likely triggering negative community responses even if people are aware of long-term benefits. The paper will discuss a community-based carbon sequestration project in eastern Iran. It started in 2003 and since then has been expanded widely. It was nominated by UNDP as one of 10 transformative projects in Asia/Pacific in 2016. Over the past 20 years, the project has targeted improving the livelihood of the local communities while addressing local measures to adapt to/mitigate climate change. The paper elaborates on the formation of village development groups as pivotal drivers of success by highlighting local income-generating schemes and project documentation. Key lessons for climate change adaptation can be learnt and are applicable to other developing countries. Extreme poverty in rural areas facing climate change could be tackled through implementing bottom-up approaches in which local communities can be respected and engaged in co-leadership and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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120. Production of a Database on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) and the Elaboration of Projection Scenarios of these Emissions Using the LEAP Software - The Case of Morocco.
- Author
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Kasseh, Y., Touzani, A., and Majaty, S. EL
- Subjects
DATABASES ,POLLUTANTS ,GREENHOUSE gases ,AIR quality indexes ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) have significant effects on climate, human health, and the environment. In Morocco, steps are being taken to reduce SLCP emissions, but effective policymaking requires a thorough understanding of emission sources and trends. In this paper, we present a study on the production of a database on SLCP emissions in Morocco, as well as the development of scenarios to project these emissions using LEAP software. The results of this analysis allow us to better understand the emissions sources and evaluate the impact of different emission reduction policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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121. Preliminary Results in Innovative Solutions for Soil Carbon Estimation: Integrating Remote Sensing, Machine Learning, and Proximal Sensing Spectroscopy.
- Author
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Li, Tong, Xia, Anquan, McLaren, Timothy I., Pandey, Rajiv, Xu, Zhihong, Liu, Hongdou, Manning, Sean, Madgett, Oli, Duncan, Sam, Rasmussen, Peter, Ruhnke, Florian, Yüzügüllü, Onur, Fajraoui, Noura, Beniwal, Deeksha, Chapman, Scott, Tsiminis, Georgios, Smith, Chaya, Dalal, Ram C., and Dang, Yash P.
- Subjects
SOIL solutions ,MACHINE learning ,CARBON in soils ,MID-infrared spectroscopy ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
This paper explores the application and advantages of remote sensing, machine learning, and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) as a popular proximal sensing spectroscopy tool in the estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC). It underscores the practical implications and benefits of the integrated approach combining machine learning, remote sensing, and proximal sensing for SOC estimation and prediction across a range of applications, including comprehensive soil health mapping and carbon credit assessment. These advanced technologies offer a promising pathway, reducing costs and resource utilization while improving the precision of SOC estimation. We conducted a comparative analysis between MIR-predicted SOC values and laboratory-measured SOC values using 36 soil samples. The results demonstrate a strong fit (R² = 0.83), underscoring the potential of this integrated approach. While acknowledging that our analysis is based on a limited sample size, these initial findings offer promise and serve as a foundation for future research. We will be providing updates when we obtain more data. Furthermore, this paper explores the potential for commercialising these technologies in Australia, with the aim of helping farmers harness the advantages of carbon markets. Based on our study's findings, coupled with insights from the existing literature, we suggest that adopting this integrated SOC measurement approach could significantly benefit local economies, enhance farmers' ability to monitor changes in soil health, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. These outcomes align with global climate change mitigation efforts. Furthermore, our study's approach, supported by other research, offers a potential template for regions worldwide seeking similar solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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122. A Pragmatic Approach to the Economic Assessment of Green Synthetic Methane Power in the Baltics.
- Author
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Sauhats, Antans, Petrichenko, Roman, and Zima-Bockarjova, Marija
- Subjects
SYNTHETIC natural gas ,GAS power plants ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,POWER resources ,NATURAL gas ,METHANE as fuel ,METHANE ,RESERVOIRS - Abstract
The synthesis of methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide creates an energy resource that is suitable for long-term storage. Once this process is powered by renewable electricity, it produces a clean fuel for producing electricity and heat and supports large-scale renewable energy deployment, energy transition and climate change mitigation. This paper proposes a pragmatic approach to assessing the economic potential of synthetic methane-based power. Today, natural gas plays an important role in the Baltic region due to the existing infrastructure, which includes a transmission and distribution pipeline network, gas power plants and a large underground storage reservoir. Replacing natural gas with synthetic methane would fulfil carbon emission reduction ambitions. In this paper, we simulate electricity producers' actions at market conditions and consider the generation portfolio in the Baltics and the interconnections with Scandinavia and Poland operating in the NORDPOOL electricity market. As a result of these calculations, we obtain the volume of the synthetic gas, the production costs, the volume of gas storage, the installed capacity of the gas power plant, and the investments required to ensure energy transition and system adequacy. These results are essential for the informed decisions made by policymakers, investors and system operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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123. The absurd workplace: How absurdity is hypernormalized in contemporary society and organizations.
- Author
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Bal, Matthijs, Brookes, Andy, Hack-Polay, Dieu, Kordowicz, Maria, and Mendy, John
- Subjects
MODERN society ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
This paper examines absurdities in contemporary society and workplaces. Absurdity arises from the absence of rationality, where observed human practices paradoxically veer away from official discourse and institutional rhetoric. Absurdity does not exist in a vacuum but is penetrated by and hypernormalized through internalized societal ideologies. Hypernormalization, or the normalization of absurdity, was originally coined by Russian-born anthropologist Yurchak (2003, 2005) to understand the split between ideological, authoritative discourse and practice in the last decades of the Soviet Union. We extend the understanding of hypernormalization to describe how contemporary absurdities are normalized both in society and organizations. Moreover, we explain how hypernormalization unfolds at collective and individual levels through ideological fantasy and internalization. Fantasmatic investment and internalization enable individuals to manage the absurdities arising from the perpetual gap between authoritative discourse (e.g., companies' commitment to climate action) and actual day-to-day practices (e.g., companies' continued investment in fossil fuels). We finish by presenting three interrelated steps through which resistance, as a mechanism to deal with hypernormalization, emerges: problematization, resistance and imagination. We contribute to the literature by showing how these three ways may offer a way out of hypernormalization in society and workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
124. Why did Fridays for Future not spread to Bhutan and other parts of the Global South? A spiritual, ecological and middle path between global and local climate crisis education.
- Author
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W., Sonam Dorji and Flowers, Rick
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,DEVELOPING countries ,PETITIONS ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON offsetting ,SOCIAL movements ,SCHOOL children - Abstract
The original problem for our paper was that social studies teachers in Bhutan focused much more on climate crisis action and education through a local lens, when there are compelling reasons to do it through a global lens. This then led us to carefully consider what constitutes climate crisis action and education through a global lens. We turned to Fridays for Future because it is a youth-led social movement; although established just five years ago in 2018, it is now active in over 200 countries. It not only has global scope but also a decidedly global focus with petitions and media campaigns directed not just at local, but also foreign, government and corporate leaders. We initially assumed as a model of climate crisis action and education that Fridays for Future was suitable for Bhutan. But as we considered the specificities of Bhutan, it became clear to us Fridays for Future was not suitable which then became the problem for us to critically analyse in this paper. This is a problem when there are knowledges and practices from countries in the Global South like Bhutan that should be seen as being able to contribute to global efforts. We discovered a whole lot of scholars and practitioners from the Global South who were frustrated that their ideas about climate crisis education and action were sidelined and not taken seriously by their counterparts in the Global North. The problem for schools in Bhutan, when planning climate crisis action and education then is epistemological. We challenge uncritical assumptions about a one-size-fits-all model and argue that rather than asking: Why hasn’t Fridays for Future spread to Bhutan, to instead ask how can Bhutan be supported to pursue climate crisis education through a global lens in their own distinctive manner. To this end, we describe and discuss how the political economy of Bhutan is very different to major economies of the Global North. No country in the Global North has yet achieved carbon neutrality. Since 2009, Bhutan has been carbon negative. We draw attention to Bhutan’s deep tradition of spiritual ecology that is respectfully followed by government authorities, non-government organisations, schoolteachers, parents of school children, and the general public. By contrast, Fridays for Future has the biggest following in countries where spiritual ecology is a marginal epistemological perspective. This is where we circle back to our starting problem-formulation that there is too much emphasis in Bhutan on locally oriented, and not enough on globally-oriented climate crisis action and education. The implications for practice are that in order to support Bhutan’s school teachers to expand and improve their climate crisis education, it is less about looking for models like Fridays for Future from the Global North, and less about relying on modern Western scientific explanations about carbon pollution and decarbonisation; but more about being proud, assertive and innovative about local epistemologies, practices of spiritual ecology, local policy, and political economy, achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
125. The good, the bad, and the future: Systematic review identifies best use of biomass to meet air quality and climate policies in California.
- Author
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Freer‐Smith, Peter, Bailey‐Bale, Jack H., Donnison, Caspar L., and Taylor, Gail
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FOREST biomass ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,BIOMASS ,BIOMASS production ,GREENHOUSE gases ,AIR quality - Abstract
California has large and diverse biomass resources and provides a pertinent example of how biomass use is changing and needs to change, in the face of climate mitigation policies. As in other areas of the world, California needs to optimize its use of biomass and waste to meet environmental and socioeconomic objectives. We used a systematic review to assess biomass use pathways in California and the associated impacts on climate and air quality. Biomass uses included the production of renewable fuels, electricity, biochar, compost, and other marketable products. For those biomass use pathways recently developed, information is available on the effects—usually beneficial—on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and there is some, but less, published information on the effects on criteria pollutants. Our review identifies 34 biomass use pathways with beneficial impacts on either GHG or pollutant emissions, or both—the "good." These included combustion of forest biomass for power and conversion of livestock‐associated biomass to biogas by anaerobic digestion. The review identified 13 biomass use pathways with adverse impacts on GHG emissions, criteria pollutant emissions, or both—the "bad." Wildfires are an example of one out of eight pathways which were found to be bad for both climate and air quality, while only two biomass use pathways reduced GHG emissions relative to an identified counterfactual but had adverse air quality impacts. Issues of high interest for the "future" included land management to reduce fire risk, future policies for the dairy industries, and full life‐cycle analysis of biomass production and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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126. Inventive Activity for Climate Change Mitigation: An Insight into the Maritime Industry.
- Author
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Wagner, Natalia
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CLIMATE change mitigation ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,MARINE west coast climate ,CLIMATE change ,DISRUPTIVE innovations ,MARITIME shipping - Abstract
Climate change mitigation is one of the most important challenges facing the modern world. It is necessary to monitor the development of new concepts and technologies and take a stab at identifying disruptive innovations, which have the potential of becoming real climate-friendly game changers. The aim of this paper is to examine the patterns of inventive activity aimed at mitigating climate change in the maritime industry with respect to other transport modes. Appropriate research tools in the area of patent analysis were selected and utilised. A new class of patents related to climate change in maritime transport (CPC-Y02T70/00) was used as a data source. The original value of the study consists of offering a complete picture of the efforts made in patenting activity in climate change mitigation in the maritime transport, with a look at leading applicants and countries, knowledge flows, the most robustly developed and underdeveloped technical fields. A map of technical knowledge flows for climate change mitigation in transport was constructed. The research results show that inventions for the maritime industry are less hermetic than those for air and road transport; however, they are not as much linked with previously developed solutions. The most intensively developed technical fields include the design and construction of watercraft hulls (1) and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system (2). Among the technologies whose further development merits close attention are solutions related to electrical propulsion and wave energy. At the same time, inventive activity in the area of climate change adaptation dedicated to ports is insignificant and definitely needs more support from the community of scientists and inventors. Building knowledge based on patent information can help universities, research institutions, shipyards, manufacturers of marine equipment and other business entities to identify the technologies of the greatest potential for further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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127. Carbon Emission Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Industrial Parks: A Scenario Analysis Based on the Integration of the LEAP Model with LMDI Decomposition.
- Author
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Feng, Dawei, Xu, Wenchao, Gao, Xinyu, Yang, Yun, Feng, Shirui, Yang, Xiaohu, and Li, Hailong
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INDUSTRIAL districts ,CARBON emissions ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,ATMOSPHERIC methane ,FULLERENES - Abstract
Global climate change imposes significant challenges on the ecological environment and human sustainability. Industrial parks, in line with the national climate change mitigation strategy, are key targets for low-carbon revolution within the industrial sector. To predict the carbon emission of industrial parks and formulate the strategic path of emission reduction, this paper amalgamates the benefits of the "top-down" and "bottom-up" prediction methodologies, incorporating the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method and long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) model, and integrates the Tapio decoupling theory to predict the carbon emissions of an industrial park cluster of an economic development zone in Yancheng from 2020 to 2035 under baseline (BAS) and low-carbon scenarios (LC1, LC2, and LC3). The findings suggest that, in comparison to the BAS scenario, the carbon emissions in the LC1, LC2, and LC3 scenarios decreased by 30.4%, 38.4%, and 46.2%, respectively, with LC3 being the most suitable pathway for the park's development. Finally, the paper explores carbon emission sources, and analyzes emission reduction potential and optimization measures of the energy structure, thus providing a reference for the formulation of emission reduction strategies for industrial parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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128. Factors influencing the implementation of clean energy interventions in low‐income urban communities in South Africa
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Elizabeth Streeter, Alida (Leandi) and de Jongh, Derick
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- 2013
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129. Rethinking the potential of collaboration for urban climate governance: The case of Hong Kong.
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Cheung, Ting Ting Tracy and Fuller, Sara
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URBAN climatology ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,MODES of variability (Climatology) ,SEMI-structured interviews ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Collaboration is strongly promoted as an effective means for cities to respond to climate change. While collaboration is perceived to offer opportunities to progress climate action in cities, little is known about how collaboration can enable low‐carbon transformation in practice. Furthermore, while collaboration is largely framed as a positive endeavour, there is a need to more carefully explore the challenges and barriers that may arise. This paper explores the aims, processes, and outcomes of collaboration within urban climate governance. Drawing on a policy review and semi‐structured interviews, we present empirical findings from the case study of Hong Kong. This paper identifies three types of collaboration that are structured by regulations, oriented to policy goals, and emerge as everyday practices within the governance of climate change and the energy system. The forms of collaboration challenge the assumptions that collaboration always brings positive outcomes in mobilising action for climate change. While collaboration opens up different modes of governance within cities, the paper highlights significant barriers in terms of the diverse roles of actors, ongoing power imbalances, and shifting governance spaces for intervention. Given the prevailing interest in working together, it is critical to review carefully how collaboration facilitates cities to achieve their climate goals and create momentum for action. The paper explores the opportunities and challenges of collaborative climate governance. It draws on a case study of Hong Kong and identifies three modes of collaborative climate and energy governance: regulatory, consensual, and participatory. The paper challenges the assumption that collaboration brings positive outcomes for action on climate change and offers new insights into potential barriers for climate action in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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130. Setting the agenda for climate assemblies. Trade-offs and guiding principles.
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Pfeffer, Janosch
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change mitigation , *CITIZENS , *GOVERNMENT policy on climate change , *CLIMATE change , *DEAF children , *DELIBERATION - Abstract
Citizens' assemblies on climate change are increasingly popular to support democratic decision-making. Such Climate Assemblies (CAs) convene representative groups of citizens formulating policy proposals after hearing experts and deliberating intensely. CAs may help addressing climate policy issues more effectively partly because their members need not worry about re-election. CAs' effectiveness depends on their design such as the issues chosen (or not chosen) for deliberation. Agenda-setters exert substantial power by selecting certain issues and by choosing framings that benefit some solutions over others. In this paper I ask: What characterizes agendas that are suitable and legitimate for deliberation in CAs? The aim is to support practitioners in making informed agenda choices for CAs by providing a list of ten widely accepted guiding principles based on expert interviews, policy documents, and information gathered from the Knowledge Network on Climate Assemblies (KNOCA). The paper systematically discusses trade-offs of various agenda choices in the light of different CA rationales. Results show that those with system-supporting rationales tend to favour narrower agendas tailored to political demands aiming to increase immediate policy impact; those with system-disrupting rationales prefer more open agendas allowing citizens to challenge existing political practices and worldviews. Results support earlier arguments that distinctions of entire deliberative processes in either top-down or bottom-up are too simplistic and that a tool-box approach is more useful. Insights appear relevant for debates of deliberative minipublics more generally. Future research should investigate whom to involve in setting CA agendas and with how much power. Effective agenda design hinges on rationales on how to achieve assembly objectives which depend on authorities' ambition for climate action. Given high ambition, system-supportive rationales aiming for policy impact favour narrower agendas tailored to demands of the policy process but risk low transformativeness. Given low ambition, system-disruptive rationales aiming to challenge established practices and worldviews favour more open agendas but risk low impact if assemblies are not politically embedded or able to mobilize opposition groups. Assembly designs are seldom purely supportive or disruptive but often hybrid. Agenda-setting has many dimensions allowing for productive combinations of disruptive and supportive elements tailored to contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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131. How does science and technology studies contribute to climate mitigation research? Advanced review of infrastructure as a concept and method.
- Author
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Silvast, Antti, Virtanen, Mikko J., Valkenburg, Govert, and Kongsager, Rico
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CLIMATE change mitigation ,CLIMATE research ,EVIDENCE gaps ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,SCHOLARLY method - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to review how Science and Technology Studies (STS) has contributed to climate change mitigation research. We focus on large‐scale infrastructures as a key topic of both mitigation efforts and recent STS scholarship. The paper assesses the conceptual and methodological treatments in this field, uses literature evidence to identify research gaps, and suggests potential topics for future research. Our research firstly contributes to the use of STS approaches in the novel field of climate change mitigation infrastructure, asking how scholarship in the field has learned from STS and developed STS further. Second, we examine how infrastructures are approached in this literature and conclude that the reviewed works almost exclusively associate infrastructure with physical supply systems. This is paradoxical since several of them also advocate a socio‐technical perspective on infrastructures, which would require much more substantiation of the social aspects than they seem to provide. Third, we explore the fits between theoretical frameworks and methods in this field and discover a strong reliance on case studies, literature reviews, and theoretical‐conceptual discussions. This situation suggests that methodological advancements in STS infrastructure studies has still been untapped in this area. This article is categorized under:The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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132. COP28 and the global stocktake: a weak attempt to address climate change.
- Author
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Aidam, Kizito
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CLIMATE change mitigation ,RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,PARIS Agreement (2016) ,GLOBAL warming - Abstract
The seminal outcome of COP28 was the Global Stocktake (GST), which referenced transitioning for the first time among all the United Nations' climate agreements. While the GST's attempt at energy transition is welcomed, it is deficient. In this paper, the historical challenges of international climate policymaking and implementation has been explored. The challenges that undermined previous UN agreements will likely hinder the global stocktake. Moreover, the GST's failure to use more forceful language could be a fatal flaw. Furthermore, the GST did not sufficiently define key terms like net zero and energy transition. Likewise, it did not give due consideration to energy justice. The GST missed the opportunity to take strategic advantage of state actors while creating an ecosystem for non-state actors to contribute to the fight against climate change. The GST should have taken advantage of the avalanche of scientific knowledge available on energy transition to mandate timely climate mitigation plans. Subsequent GSTs must proactively address the shortcomings of the first GST if the current generation, which is touted as the generation with the last chance to combat climate change, hopes to achieve the primary goal of the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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133. Insights into the spatial distribution of global, national, and subnational greenhouse gas emissions in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v8.0).
- Author
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Crippa, Monica, Guizzardi, Diego, Pagani, Federico, Schiavina, Marcello, Melchiorri, Michele, Pisoni, Enrico, Graziosi, Francesco, Muntean, Marilena, Maes, Joachim, Dijkstra, Lewis, Van Damme, Martin, Clarisse, Lieven, and Coheur, Pierre
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,DATABASES ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
To mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions, it is of utmost importance to understand where emissions occur. In the real world, atmospheric pollutants are produced by various human activities from point sources (e.g. power plants and industrial facilities) but also from diffuse sources (e.g. residential activities and agriculture). However, as tracking all these single sources of emissions is practically impossible, emission inventories are typically compiled using national-level statistics by sector, which are then downscaled at the grid-cell level using spatial information. In this work, we develop high-spatial-resolution proxies for use in downscaling the national emission totals for all world countries provided by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). In particular, in this paper, we present the latest EDGAR v8.0 GHG, which provides readily available emission data at different levels of spatial granularity, obtained from a consistently developed GHG emission database. This has been achieved through the improvement and development of high-resolution spatial proxies that allow for a more precise allocation of emissions over the globe. A key novelty of this work is the potential to analyse subnational GHG emissions over the European territory and also over the United States, China, India, and other high-emitting countries. These data not only meet the needs of atmospheric modellers but can also inform policymakers working in the field of climate change mitigation. For example, the EDGAR GHG emissions at the NUTS 2 level (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics level 2) over Europe contribute to the development of EU cohesion policies, identifying the progress of each region towards achieving the carbon neutrality target and providing insights into the highest-emitting sectors. The data can be accessed at 10.2905/b54d8149-2864-4fb9-96b9-5fd3a020c224 specifically for EDGAR v8.0 (Crippa et al., 2023a) and 10.2905/D67EEDA8-C03E-4421-95D0-0ADC460B9658 for the subnational dataset (Crippa et al., 2023b). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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134. New Actors in the Old Hierarchies: Alliances for Low-Carbon Urban Development in Shenzhen, China.
- Author
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Li, Yunjing
- Subjects
URBAN planning ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,DEVELOPING countries ,CLIMATE change ,YOUNG workers - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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135. Advancing Building Assessment Tools: Achieving Sustainable Development Goals through the Fusion of Internet of Things Occupant-Centric Principles and Sustainable Practices.
- Author
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Metwally, Esraa A., Ismail, Mostafa Refat, and Farid, Ayman A.
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,SUSTAINABLE development ,INTERNET of things ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,BUILT environment - Abstract
The impact of global climate change on the built environment emphasizes the need for sustainable development goals (SDGs) using technological solutions, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). The significance of innovative building assessment (BA) tools plays a pivotal role in bridging the existing gap between the theoretical and actual operational performance of buildings. The main research question is how can a new generation of BA tools leverage the IoT to optimize occupant well-being and achieve SDGs' targets. This article delves into the pivotal role played by the IoT and occupant-centric concepts in advancing sustainability initiatives and facilitating the achievement of SDGs. The novelty of this paper lies in its exploration of the current state of IoT integration as a strategic imperative for SDGs' achievement and climate change mitigation. Consequently, a paradigm shift is evident in this work, showcasing a comprehensive comparison between conventional and IoT occupant-centric BA tools and introducing a correlation study between IoT occupant-centric systems and future SDGs' targets. Lastly, current gaps and valuable insights into future research possibilities are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. How India can reach net zero: a strategy for 2025–35.
- Author
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Ahluwalia, Montek S and Patel, Utkarsh
- Subjects
EXECUTIVE departments ,CARBON pricing ,CARBON taxes ,EMISSIONS trading ,PUBLIC transit - Abstract
This paper assesses the feasibility of India achieving its stated objective of getting to net zero carbon emissions by 2070 and outlines a possible strategy for the next 10 years consistent with this goal. It recommends a combination of price-based measures and several sector-specific interventions. The ideal price-based measure would be a carbon tax. This may not be feasible for various reasons, but in its absence a well-designed emissions trading system, as described in the paper, could make a major contribution in reducing emissions. On sectoral interventions, the critical areas over the next 10 years would be (i) accelerated expansion of various forms of renewable energy capacity, which will require several policy changes, (ii) electrification of transport, and (iii) a shift from private to public transport in urban areas and from road to rail for freight. Action will also be necessary in other sectors such as industry, agriculture, and buildings, but a detailed strategy for these may take more time to put in place. Since responsibility for action in all these areas is spread across different ministries in the central government and, in many cases, state governments, evolving an internally consistent and cost-effective strategy will present a major challenge. There is a case for setting up a high-level commission chaired by the Prime Minister to approve a national strategy. The paper estimates that the additional investment needed to make this transition will be about 2 per cent of India's GDP by 2030, much of which will have to come from additional public and private savings. In this context, some form of carbon pricing would help generate additional revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Soil carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth system models.
- Author
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Varney, Rebecca M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Chadburn, Sarah E., Burke, Eleanor J., and Cox, Peter M.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON in soils ,CARBON cycle ,SOILS - Abstract
Achieving climate targets requires mitigation against climate change but also understanding of the response of land and ocean carbon systems. In this context, global soil carbon stocks and their response to environmental changes are key. This paper quantifies the global soil carbon feedbacks due to changes in atmospheric CO 2 , and the associated climate changes, for Earth system models (ESMs) in CMIP6. A standard approach is used to calculate carbon cycle feedbacks, defined here as soil carbon-concentration (βs) and carbon-climate (γs) feedback parameters, which are also broken down into processes which drive soil carbon change. The sensitivity to CO 2 is shown to dominate soil carbon changes at least up to a doubling of atmospheric CO 2. However, the sensitivity of soil carbon to climate change is found to become an increasingly important source of uncertainty under higher atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
138. Willingness to pay for climate change mitigation measures in households: Bundling up renewable energy, energy efficiency, and renovation.
- Author
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Balezentis, Tomas, Streimikiene, Dalia, Stankuniene, Gintare, and Shobande, Olatunji Abdul
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,ENERGY consumption ,WILLINGNESS to pay ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,GREENHOUSE gases ,DAYLIGHT ,ENERGY conservation - Abstract
Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for more than 70% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the GHG emission reduction potential due to the household behavior is very high. Energy consumption is the main source of the GHG emission in households. There are two main ways to reduce GHG emissions in households: use of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvement, and energy conservation due to changes in the energy use patterns. The highest energy saving potential in households is linked with building renovation, followed by the use of energy efficient appliances (including lighting). Renewable energy microgeneration technologies in households also provide opportunities for GHG emission reduction. Although there have been many policies developed to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households, they still need to be more effective. This paper aims to assess willingness of Lithuanian households to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households by embarking on energy renovation of buildings, use of energy efficient appliances and use of renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for these GHG emission reduction measures allows to compare household preferences with respect to available support measures and assess the adequacy of such measures. The paper also discusses household attitudes toward the main policies and measures for GHG emission reduction. The results show the highest willingness to pay for energy efficient appliances, followed by renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for energy renovation is the lowest one and such s measure requires significant state support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
139. Climate change, public health, and animal welfare: towards a One Health approach to reducing animal agriculture's climate footprint.
- Author
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Verkuijl, Cleo, Smit, Jessie, Green, Jonathan M. H., Nordquist, Rebecca E., Sebo, Jeff, Hayek, Matthew N., and Hötzel, Maria José
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,ANIMAL welfare ,CLIMATE change & health ,PUBLIC health ,CLIMATE change ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
Animal agriculture contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions--an estimated 12%-20% of total anthropogenic emissions. This has led both governmental and private actors to propose various ways to mitigate those climate impacts. This paper applies a One Health lens to the issue, arguing that the choice of solutions should not only consider the potential to reduce GHG emissions--which is not always a given--but also the implications for public health and animal welfare. With this perspective, we examine the potential public health and animal welfare impacts of three types of strategies that are often proposed: (1) "sustainable intensification" methods, aimed at maintaining or increasing production while limiting emissions and avoiding further land conversion; (2) "species shift" approaches, which focus on changing diets to consume meat from animals produced with lower GHG emissions instead of that of animals associated with higher emissions; and (3) "systemic dietary change" approaches that promote shifts towards whole plant-based foods or novel alternatives to conventional animal products. We discuss how some approaches--particularly those associated with sustainable intensification and species shift--could introduce new and significant risks to public health and animal welfare. Promoting systemic dietary change helps to overcome some of these challenges, but requires careful attention to equity to ensure that vulnerable populations still have access to the nutrients they need. We end with recommendations for a more holistic approach to reducing emissions from farmed animals that can help avoid trade-offs and increase synergies with other societal goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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140. Accelerating the green hydrogen revolution: A comprehensive analysis of technological advancements and policy interventions.
- Author
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Islam, Aminul, Islam, Tarekul, Mahmud, Hasan, Raihan, Obayed, Islam, Md. Shahinoor, Marwani, Hadi M., Rahman, Mohammed M., Asiri, Abdullah M., Hasan, Md. Munjur, Hasan, Md. Nazmul, Salman, Md. Shad, Kubra, Khadiza Tul, Shenashen, M.A., Sheikh, Md. Chanmiya, and Awual, Md. Rabiul
- Subjects
- *
GREEN fuels , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *CLEAN energy , *FUEL cells , *HYDROGEN as fuel , *ENERGY development , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *CARBON pricing - Abstract
Promoting green hydrogen has emerged as a pivotal discourse in the contemporary energy landscape, driven by pressing environmental concerns and the quest for sustainable energy solutions. This paper delves into the multifaceted domain of C -Suite issues about green hydrogen, encompassing both technological advancements and policy considerations. The question of whether green hydrogen is poised to become the focal point of the upcoming energy race is explored through an extensive analysis of its potential as a clean and versatile energy carrier. The transition from conventional fossil fuels to green hydrogen is considered a fundamental shift in energy paradigms, with far-reaching implications for global energy markets. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art green hydrogen technologies, including fuel cells, photocatalysts, photo electrocatalysts, and hydrogen panels. In tandem with technological advancements, the role of policy and strategy in fostering the development of green hydrogen energy assumes paramount significance. The paper elucidates the critical interplay between government policies, market dynamics, and corporate strategies in shaping the green hydrogen landscape. It delves into policy mechanisms such as subsidies, carbon pricing, and renewable energy mandates, shedding light on their potential to incentivize the production and adoption of green hydrogen. This paper offers a nuanced exploration of C -Suite issues surrounding green hydrogen, painting a comprehensive picture of the technological and policy considerations that underpin its emergence as a transformative energy source. As the global community grapples with the imperatives of climate change mitigation and the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, understanding these issues becomes imperative for executives, policymakers, and stakeholders alike. [Display omitted] • The latest advancements in photo electrocatalysts and fuel cell technologies are reviewed. • The storage and transportation within the realm of green hydrogen energy were discussed. • Policy and strategy for fostering the development of green energy are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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141. Coherency and time lag analyses between MODIS vegetation indices and climate across forests and grasslands in the European temperate zone.
- Author
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Kulesza, Kinga and Hościło, Agata
- Subjects
FOREST microclimatology ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,GRASSLANDS ,NORTH Atlantic oscillation ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CONIFEROUS forests - Abstract
Identifying the climate-induced variability in the condition of vegetation is particularly important in the context of recent climate change and plants' impact on the mitigation of climate change. In this paper, we present the coherence and time lags in the spectral response of three individual vegetation types in the European temperate zone to the influencing meteorological factors in the period 2002–2022. Vegetation condition in broadleaved forest, coniferous forest and pastures was measured with monthly anomalies of two spectral indices – normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). As meteorological elements we used monthly anomalies of temperature (T), precipitation (P), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), evapotranspiration (ETo), and the teleconnection indices North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and North Sea Caspian Pattern (NCP). Periodicity in the time series was assessed using the wavelet transform, but no significant intra- or interannual cycles were detected in both vegetation (NDVI and EVI) and meteorological variables. In turn, coherence between NDVI and EVI and meteorological elements was described using the methods of wavelet coherence and Pearson's linear correlation with time lag. In the European temperate zone analysed in this study, NAO produces strong coherence mostly for forests in a circa 1-year band and a weaker coherence in a circa 3-year band. For pastures these interannual patterns are hardly recognisable. The strongest relationships occur between conditions of the vegetation and T and ETo – they show high coherence in both forests and pastures. There is a significant cohesion with the 8–16-month (ca. 1-year) and 20–32-month (ca. 2-year) bands. More time-lagged significant correlations between vegetation indices and T occur for forests than for pastures, suggesting a significant lag in the forests' response to the changes in T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. The largest European forest carbon sinks are in the Dinaric Alps old-growth forests: comparison of direct measurements and standardised approaches.
- Author
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Alessia, Bono, Giorgio, Alberti, Roberta, Berretti, Milic, Curovic, Vojislav, Dukic, and Renzo, Motta
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CARBON cycle ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,ALLOMETRIC equations ,FOREST microclimatology ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,TEMPERATE forests ,MARINE debris - Abstract
Background: Carbon (C) sink and stock are among the most important ecosystem services provided by forests in climate change mitigation policies. In this context, old-growth forests constitute an essential reference point for the development of close-to-nature silviculture, including C management techniques. Despite their small extent in Europe, temperate old-growth forests are assumed to be among the most prominent in terms of biomass and C stored. However, monitoring and reporting of C stocks is still poorly understood. To better understand the C stock amount and distribution in temperate old-growth forests, we estimated the C stock of two old-growth stands in the Dinaric Alps applying different assessment methods, including direct and indirect approaches (e.g., field measurements and allometric equations vs. IPCC standard methods). This paper presents the quantification and the distribution of C across the five main forest C pools (i.e., aboveground, belowground, deadwood, litter and soil) in the study areas and the differences between the applied methods. Results: We report a very prominent C stock in both study areas (507 Mg C ha
− 1 ), concentrated in a few large trees (36% of C in 5% of trees). Moreover, we found significant differences in C stock estimation between direct and indirect methods. Indeed, the latter tended to underestimate or overestimate depending on the pool considered. Conclusions: Comparison of our results with previous studies and data collected in European forests highlights the prominence of temperate forests, among which the Dinaric Alps old-growth forests are the largest. These findings provide an important benchmark for the development of future approaches to the management of the European temperate forests. However, further and deeper research on C stock and fluxes in old-growth stands is of prime importance to understand the potential and limits of the climate mitigation role of forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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143. Climate Change Will Aggravate South Asian Cropland Exposure to Drought by the Middle of 21st Century.
- Author
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Mondal, Sanjit Kumar, Su, Buda, Huang, Jinlong, Zhai, Jianqing, Wang, Guojie, Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W., Wang, Yanjun, Jiang, Shan, Jiang, Han, Zhou, Jian, and Jiang, Tong
- Subjects
DROUGHT management ,DROUGHTS ,FARMS ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,TWENTY-first century ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change - Abstract
Drought has a paramount impact on global agriculture and food security. However, the study on future cropland areas that can incur drought is inadequate. This paper uses input parameters from 7 CMIP6 models for 7 future scenarios (SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP4‐3.4, SSP2‐4.5, SSP4‐6.0, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5) to measure South Asian cropland exposure to drought and its underlying factors. Some defined epochs such as 2021–2040 (near‐term), 2041–2060 (mid‐term), 2081–2100 (long‐term), and 1995–2014 (reference period) are designed to explore diverse outlooks of the change. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and the Run theory methods are applied to detect drought. Results indicate an intensified cropland (under SSP4‐3.4, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5) in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain region of South Asia, where mostly the variation occurs among scenarios and periods. Notably, the future cropland exposed to drought will increase in the 2021–2040, and 2041–2060 periods, but it intends to decline during the 2081–2100. Relatively, the exposed cropland will upturn highest by 49.2% (SSP3‐7.0) in the mid‐term period and decrease by −8.2% (SSP5‐8.5) in the end future. Spatially, distributed cropland in the central, south‐west, and portion of the northeast of South Asia are subjective to be exposed largely, but it can drop greatly across the eastern part by the end future. Importantly, the climate change effect plays a grounding role in future exposure change over the region during the near to mid‐term periods, while the cropland change effect is predominant in the long‐term perspectives. However, these findings signify the urgency of policymaking focusing on drought mitigation to ensure food security. Plain Language Summary: Estimating drought‐induced cropland exposure is the pivotal aspect of agricultural risk assessment for drought impacts. The purposes of this study are to explore (a) how much of the cropland area would be exposed to drought under SSP scenarios; and (b) the degree to which climate change and cropland change effects contribute to changes in exposure. In this regard, we conducted a multi‐model and multi‐scenario‐based analysis to reveal variations in the cropland area exposed to drought in South Asia. Among the seven scenario combinations, the highest percentage of cropland exposed to drought was found at 49.2% (SSP3‐7.0) in the mid‐term epoch (2041–2060). The climate change effect seems to be the key contributor in the near‐term to mid‐term period, whereas it is the cropland change effect long‐term. To reduce drought risk, we recommend focusing on strong climate change mitigation policy development in the near‐ and mid‐term periods at a global scale and strict land‐use management policy interventions in the long‐term period at the regional level. Key Points: Larger cropland area will experience drought in the 2040–2060 period, while it will decline by the end of 21st centuryThe exposed cropland will increase by 49.2% under SSP3‐7.0 than that of historical timeThe climate change effect is the pivotal contributor in exposure changes over South Asia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Estimation of Mariculture Carbon Sinks in China and Its Influencing Factors.
- Author
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Guo, Simiao and Nie, Hongtao
- Subjects
SHELLFISH ,MARICULTURE ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON sequestration ,AGRICULTURE ,FISHERIES - Abstract
The scientific assessment of mariculture carbon sinks is crucial to recognize its potential as a significant component of marine blue carbon in global climate change mitigation. Therefore, the objective of the research was to estimate the seaweed and shellfish mariculture carbon sink of different varieties in various sea areas. The paper emphasized the distinction between short-term carbon sequestration in seaweed and shellfish that can be removed and long-term carbon sequestration that is deposited. Methodologically, the evaluation was based on the carbon sequestration mechanism and systematic pathways in shellfish and seaweeds. Additionally, the carbon sequestration of shellfish and seaweed aquaculture over the last decade was evaluated by the carbon sink assessment model, and the reasons for the differences in the carbon sink capacity of mariculture in China's coastal provinces were discussed by using the LMDI decomposition model. The results indicated the carbon sequestration of offshore seaweeds and shellfish mariculture in China was huge. From 2010 to 2020, offshore seaweed aquaculture in China amounted to 7.959 Mt C/a, while shellfish aquaculture contributed 33.542 Mt C/a to the carbon sinks. Sedimentary carbon sequestration by shellfish accounted for 51% of the total carbon sequestration in mariculture involving shellfish and seaweeds. Especially noteworthy is the sedimentary carbon sequestration by shellfish, which is an indispensable and crucial component of mariculture carbon sequestration estimation. It is concluded that improvements in farming efficiency exerted the greatest influence on the variations of the mariculture carbon sink, while adjustments in farming structure had a relatively minor impact in the case of little change in aquaculture yield. Enhancing farming efficiency emerges as a practical approach to bolstering the carbon sink potential of marine aquaculture fisheries in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. A dynamic framework to align company climate reporting and action with global climate targets.
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Christy, Anna, Elnahass, Marwa, Amezaga, Jaime, Browne, Anthony, and Heidrich, Oliver
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,CORPORATION reports ,GREENHOUSE gases ,DECISION making in investments ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,SUSTAINABLE development reporting - Abstract
There are global aspirations to reach net zero emissions, which triggered the development of standards, guidance and tools to measure and manage climate action across countries, sectors and companies. However, carbon accounting inaccuracies, ambiguous emissions disclosures and unambitious climate targets are hampering these aspirations. This paper reports on the disparity between high‐level guidance and practical implementation of carbon accounting and reporting at company level. By conducting a systematic literature analysis and focussing on the English Water sector, we utilise case study data from Northumbrian Water Limited (NWL), to identify limitations in the current guidance and frameworks. The results indicate the necessity for enhanced alignment in high‐level guidance, particularly regarding the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the Science‐Based Target Initiative. It is evident that clarity and consistency from high‐level resources are essential for climate mitigation. This paper shows, depending on the sector and company types, that different benefits are gained from using the available resources. We propose a carbon measurement and management process for the English Water sector (and beyond) to reach net zero targets and make recommendations for decision makers. This helps to understand best practices of carbon accounting and reporting and to make effective investment decisions. Consequently, we advocate for policy interventions to improve the standardisation of carbon accounting models. Harmonising international regulatory frameworks and standards is needed, which will empower organisations to effectively assess, manage and reduce their carbon footprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Discussion of "Reusing Life-Expired Railway Ballast: Laboratory Testing, Shape Analysis, and Petrographic Evaluation".
- Author
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Diyaljee, Vishnu
- Subjects
BALLAST (Railroads) ,TESTING laboratories ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,MATERIALS testing ,RAILROADS ,CLIMATE change mitigation - Abstract
This document is a discussion of a research paper titled "Reusing Life-Expired Railway Ballast: Laboratory Testing, Shape Analysis, and Petrographic Evaluation." The paper explores the reuse of life-expired ballast aggregates from railway tracks as an environmentally responsible approach to reducing the use of nonrenewable resources and minimizing the carbon footprint. The authors' findings demonstrate the benefits of combining life-expired ballast with fresh ballast to create suitable track substructure support. The discussion also includes specific comments on permanent settlement and aggregate degradation in triaxial testing. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the recycling of railway ballast and offers direction for future research and application. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
147. DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH ON BIOECONOMY INDUSTRIES IN LATVIA.
- Author
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Pilvere, Irina, Upite, Ilze, Nipers, Aleksejs, and Pilvere, Aija
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE development ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,RESEARCH & development ,DEVELOPING countries ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,KNOWLEDGE transfer ,ENERGY security ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The knowledge-based bioeconomy has been prioritized through European Union (EU) research and innovation policies. In December 2017, the government approved the Latvian Bioeconomy Strategy 2030, which set the horizontal strategic goal of achieving "research excellence in traditional bioeconomy industries and efficient transfer of knowledge". Therefore, the aim of the present research is to examine one of the submeasures "promoting research excellence and efficient knowledge transfer within traditional bioeconomy industries" for the implementation of the strategic goal of the Latvian Bioeconomy Strategy 2030 regarding "Knowledge and Innovations" in Latvia. The research found that the development of research on the bioeconomy depends on the overall situation in research and development (R&D) in the country. In 2021 in Latvia, total expenditure on scientific research was low, only 0.71% of GDP, of which 64% was EU funds and private funding. The national Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) defines five main fields to be developed in Latvia, and one of them is a knowledgeintensive bioeconomy. In 2018, 1600 scientists worked in this field, which was 23% of the total number of scientists engaged in RIS3 fields. The amount of R&D funding attracted to the bioeconomy field in 2014-2018 was only EUR 27 mln. or 14% of total funding for RIS3 fields, which indicated the insufficient ability of bioeconomy scientists to attract funding and their lower labour productivity. Nine main research institutions employed 89% of the total personnel engaged in the bioeconomy field, who were the authors of 98% of WoS-indexed research papers published in 2014-2018. In the future, the most important research priorities for the bioeconomy field are going to be mitigation of negative climate change impacts, as well as food and energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. The declining uptake rate of atmospheric CO2 by land and ocean sinks.
- Author
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Raupach, M. R., Gloor, M., Sarmiento, J. L., Canadell, J. G., Frölicher, T. L., Gasser, T., Houghton, R. A., Le Quéré, C., and Trudinger, C. M.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,CARBON dioxide ,SOIL composition ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,ANTHROPOGENIC soils ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,SCIENTIFIC observation - Abstract
Through 1959-2012, an airborne fraction (AF) of 44% of total anthropogenic CO
2 emissions remained in the atmosphere, with the rest being taken up by land and ocean CO2 sinks. Understanding of this uptake is critical because it greatly alleviates the emissions reductions required for climate mitigation. An observable quantity that reflects sink properties more directly than the AF is the CO2 sink rate (kS ), the combined land-ocean CO2 sink flux per unit excess atmospheric CO2 above preindustrial levels. Here we show from observations that kS declined over 1959-2012 by a factor of about 1/3, implying that CO2 sinks increased more slowly than excess CO2 . We attribute the decline in kS to four mechanisms: slower-than-exponential CO2 emissions growth (~ 35% of the trend), volcanic eruptions (~ 25 %), sink responses to climate change (~ 20 %), and nonlinear responses to increasing CO2 , mainly oceanic (~ 20 %). The first of these mechanisms is associated purely with extrinsic forcings, and the last two with intrinsic, nonlinear responses of sink processes to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 . Our results indicate that the effects of these intrinsic, nonlinear responses are already detectable in the global carbon cycle. Although continuing future decreases in kS will occur under all plausible CO2 emission scenarios, the rate of decline varies between scenarios in non-intuitive ways because extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms respond in opposite ways to changes in emissions: extrinsic mechanisms cause kS to decline more strongly with increasing mitigation, while intrinsic mechanisms cause kS to decline more strongly under high-emission, low-mitigation scenarios as the carbon- climate system is perturbed further from a near-linear regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Discrete choice modeling in environmental and energy decision-making: an introduction to the special issue.
- Author
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Grilli, Gaetano and Ferrini, Silvia
- Subjects
DISCRETE choice models ,ECOSYSTEM management ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,WILDLIFE conservation ,DECISION making ,CLIMATE change ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
This editorial introduces the Special Issue on the role and use of discrete choice modelling in informing environmental and energy decision making and summarises the main insights provided. The papers collected in this Special Issue address a range of applications of discrete choice modelling, from energy decisions to climate change and transport choices, from tourism preferences for climate change mitigation to wildlife conservation strategies and ecosystem management. However, all the papers share the same fundamental aim of using novel methodological approaches in choice models to tackle conceptually and spatially specific policy questions and support decisions with robust empirical evidence. This is particularly relevant to enhance the real-world policy uptake of choice modelling results and develop a network of practice and capacity building to improve the quality of information that is provided to stakeholders and decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Consideration of Climate Change on Environmental Impact Assessment in Tanzania: Challenges and Prospects
- Author
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Pauline, Noah M. and Lema, Godwin A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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