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1. Synchronization of polarization chaos from a free-running VCSEL

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ) -Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), and Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB )

Subjects
VCSELs, Spontaneous emission, Chaotic, Random number generation, Topology, DIODE, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, Carbon dioxide lasers, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, Robustness (computer science), 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Optical feedback, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Communication, Systems, LIGHT-POLARIZATION, dynamics, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Circular polarization, business
Abstract

We theoretically demonstrate the possibility to synchronize polarization chaos generated by a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). We highlight two distinct synchronization regimes: 1) a high-quality synchronization regime where all polarization modes and total intensity are synchronized, which shows good robustness against parameter mismatch, and 2) a "slow time-scale" synchronization where the slower part of the dynamics-that is, the random-like hopping between the two scrolls of the chaotic attractor-synchronizes while the faster oscillations remain unsynchronized. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Published
2016
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2. One way synchronization of polarization chaos from a solitary Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Martin Virte, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Laser damage threshold, 01 natural sciences, Optical simulations, Synchronization, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Atomic force microscopy, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Semiconductor lasers, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], LIGHT-POLARIZATION, Polarization (waves), Laser, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Unidirectional coupling, Nonlinear system, Chaos, business
Abstract

International audience; We investigate theoretically the synchronization properties of the polarization chaos dynamics generated by a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Here, we focus on a one-way master-slave configuration - or unidirectional coupling - with two chaotic VCSELs. The spin-flip model is used to model the two devices and derived to account for the coupling between them. We demonstrate that the chaotic dynamics generated by the two lasers can indeed synchronize in the proposed configuration. The synchronization appears to be of high quality as we obtain a high-level of similarity between the emission characteristics of the master and slave laser dynamics.

Published
2016
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3. Range-dependent effects of optical feedback on multimode two-color quantum dot lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Robert Pawlus, Wolfgang Elsäßer, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Stefan Breuer, Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Technische Universität Darmstadt ( TU Darmstadt ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Physics::Optics, Electrons, EXCITED-STATE, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Quantum well, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, Distributed feedback laser, Multi-mode optical fiber, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Laser, Optical microcavity, Applied physics, Beam splitters, Quantum dot laser, Switching, Optoelectronics, business, Quantum dot lasers, Tunable laser
Abstract

International audience; We investigate the behaviour of a multimode two-color quantum dot laser subject to optical feedback. In particular, we focus on the effects of a variation of the external cavity length at the micrometer scale on the laser emission characteristics and especially on its optical spectrum. For each mode, we observe oscillations of the output power with different spectral amplitudes. No clustering or mode grouping effect is observed. Theoretically, we demonstrate a good agreement with a multimode two-color quantum dot laser model.

Published
2016
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4. Energy exchange between modes in a multimode two-color quantum dot laser with optical feedback

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, Stefan Breuer, Robert Pawlus, Krassimir Panajotov, Laboratoire matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques ( LMOPS ), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces ( LEPMI ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Phase (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, state, Emission, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], generation, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Optical feedback, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Phase shift, Optical sennsing, Energy exchange, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Distributed feedback laser, Multi-mode optical fiber, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, Quantum dot laser, Excited state, Terahertz generation, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state, Quantum dot lasers, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the multi-mode dynamics of a two-color quantum dot laser subject to time-delayed optical feedback. We unveil energy exchanges between the longitudinal modes of the excited state triggered by variations of the feedback phase, and observe that the modal competition between longitudinal modes appears independently within the ground state and excited state emission. These features are accurately reproduced with a quantum dot laser model extended to take into account multiple modes for both ground and excited states. Finally, we discuss the significant impact of such behavior on feedback-based control of two-color quantum dot lasers. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Published
2016
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5. Recurrent state-switching of a two-state quantum dot laser by optical feedback

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Stefan Breuer, Martin Virte, Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Technische Universität Darmstadt ( TU Darmstadt ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, gain, Optical switch, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Physics, Optical amplifier, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, Distributed feedback laser, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Electroluminescent displays, Laser optics, Feedback control, Laser, Mirrors, Quantum dot laser, Excited state, Switching, Semiconductor optical gain, business, Quantum dot lasers
Abstract

International audience; In this contribution, we experimentally report recurrent switching between ground and excited state emission in a quantum dot laser controlled by optical feedback. We demonstrate that changing the phase of the optical feedback can efficiently induce switching between the two emission processes of the laser. Experimentally, by using an external mirror placed on a piezo-actuator, we were able to achieve incomplete switching between ground and excited state emission, i.e. without complete extinction of the modes. The switching takes place for variations of the external cavity length at the wavelength scale, i.e. around 1.2 um. Theoretically, we successfully link this switching behaviour with the evolution of the modal gain difference between the two modes induced by the variations of the optical feedback phase.

Published
2016
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6. Frequency comb customization by controlling the optical injection dynamics

Author

Tushar Malica, Yaya Doumbia, Krassimir Panajotov, Delphine Wolfersberger, Marc Sciamanna, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Sciamanna, Marc, Michalzik, Rainer, Panajotov, Krassimir, Hofling, Sven, Brussels Photonics Team, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Doumbia, Yaya

Subjects
Materials science, animal structures, Physics::Optics, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, SUBJECT, STABILITY, LOCKING, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], law.invention, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, Fundamental difference, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Times periodic dynamics, Optical injection locking, [PHYS]Physics [physics], choas, business.industry, Dynamics (mechanics), fungi, Single-mode optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Nonlinear system, Semiconductor, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; This work reports on numerical analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser subject to an optical injection with a frequency comb. We identified the fundamental difference between the single mode injection and frequency comb injection. By varying the injection parameters (detuning and injection ratio), the results show that the slave laser is able to reproduce the injected frequency comb (new comb) in different parameters regions. The appearance of the new comb depends on the number of injected comb lines for fixed comb properties.

Published
2020

7. Optical injection dynamics of frequency combs

Author

Tushar Malica, Marc Sciamanna, Delphine Wolfersberger, Krassimir Panajotov, Yaya Doumbia, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Sharpening, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Optical Injection, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Semiconductor Laser, business.industry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Pulse (physics), Injection locking, Semiconductor, Quantum dot laser, business, Frequency Combs
Abstract

International audience; We analyze the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser with optical injection from a frequency comb. When varying both the injection parameters (detuning and injection ratio) and the comb properties (number of comb lines and comb spacing), we identify and select several dynamics, including (1) injection locking with selective amplification of the comb line that shows the smallest detuning from the injected laser, (2) unlocked time-periodic dynamics that correspond to a new frequency comb with a broadened optical spectrum, thereby sharpening the pulse generated at the injected laser output, and (3) unlocked chaotic dynamics.

Published
2020
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8. Technological bricks development for the vertical integration of a Modulator onto a VCSEL for high-speed communications

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Arnoult, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Antoine Monmayrant, Aurélie Lecestre, Laurent Mazenq, Jean Baptiste Doucet, Alexandre Rumeau, Thienpont, H., Panajotov, K., Guilhem Almuneau, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

National audience; The vertical integration of a Modulator onto a mesa-structure VCSEL would allows to go beyond the physical limit of the carrier dynamics for direct modulation. However, this double mesa structure monolithically integrated requires three electrodes and a high frequency injection design optimization. This paper relates the different technological improvements to achieve the static and high frequency operation of such a device.

Published
2019

9. Electro-Absorption Modulator Vertically Integrated on a VCSEL: Microstrip-Based High-Speed Electrical Injection on Top of a BCB Layer

Author

Aurélie Lecestre, Hugo Thienpont, Christophe Viallon, Ayad Ghannam, Guilhem Almuneau, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Laurent Mazenq, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), 3DiS Technologies, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Materials science, Electro-absorption modulator, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, Microstrip, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Benzocyclobutene, High-speed modulation, high-speed modulation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, electro-absorption modulator, Output impedance, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, BCB, business.industry, Coplanar waveguide, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical contacts, chemistry, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business, BENZOCYCLOBUTENE, FABRICATION, PASSIVATION, FILMS
Abstract

International audience; Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with vertically integrated electro-absorption modulators (EAM-VCSELs) potentially can reach higher modulation bandwidths than directly current-modulated VCSELs. The aforementioned device modulation capabilities are, however, currently restricted by their electrical contact parasitics. It, thus, becomes critical to optimize their access line to improve performance. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that a microstrip (MS) access line using a planarized benzocyclobutene (BCB) layer exhibits improved high-frequency characteristics compared to the coplanar waveguide (CPW) access line used to-date, since it reduces the losses induced by the doped substrates. We also use this opportunity to introduce an innovative technique for BCB layer planarization, which is not only compatible with the EAM-VCSEL double-mesa structure, but is also independent of the device pitch. The resulting BCB layer dielectric permittivity and losses are measured up to 100 GHz, and a side-by-side comparison of the electrical response of three-electrodes MS and CPW access lines is subsequently carried out. Finally, using the measured pad and access line RF responses and the EAM modulation characteristics, the devices with MS access are shown to be no longer limited by their electrode parasitics, but by the modulator internal impedance.

Published
2019
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10. 29GHz-bandwidth monolithically integrated EAM-VCSEL

Author

Alexandre Rumeau, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Christophe Viallon, Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Antoine Monmayrant, Alexandre Arnoult, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Almuneau, Guilhem, Technology Transfer & Interface, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB)

Subjects
Physics, Contact pad, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business.industry, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Bandwidth (signal processing), [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Laser, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Modulation, law, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Access line, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Carrier dynamics, business, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; The increase in modulation bandwidth of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) can be achieved through the vertical integration of a modulator onto the laser. This approach has already been proposed and demonstrated to be competitive [1-3]. In this specific case, a double mesa structure with three contacts is needed to apply a high-frequency voltage signal to the modulator section and inject a CW current into the underlying VCSEL section. The middle contact serves as a shared ground. Indeed, splitting the emitting and the modulating parts circumvents the carrier dynamics limitation of the modulation bandwidth encountered in direct current-modulated VCSELs. However, the parasitic capacitances of the access line and contact pad play a significant role in the high-frequency limit of such a device. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and modulation characteristics of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) vertically-integrated onto an 850-nm VCSEL that is compatible with high-frequency operation. The two optical cavities are such that their mutual optical coupling is small to improve the modulation properties at high frequencies. This EAM-VCSEL device has been successfully fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, followed by an original technological process [4]. In particular, planarized BCB layers and microstrip access lines have been implemented to optimize the high-frequency signal injection. Thanks to the optimized wavelength detuning between the cavities resonances of the EAM and the VCSEL and respectively to the quantum well absorption tail of the modulator, the EAM modulator exhibits a modulation depth of more than 40% within a 4V span. This vertically integrated EAM-VCSEL approach enables also to minimize the wavelength chirp during the modulation, which in our case is lower than 80 pm. Finally, 3-dB frequency bandwidths up to 29 GHz were measured on both stand-alone vertical EAM devices and vertically-integrated EAM-VCSELs. (a) (b)Fig. 1 (a) Schematics of the EAM-VCSEL structure under study with planarized BCB and (b) high-frequency modulation response of the EAM-VCSEL device with different DC bias voltages applied to the EAM.

Published
2019
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11. Photo-crosslinkable recombinant collagen mimics for tissue engineering applications

Author

Marica Markovic, Liesbeth Tytgat, Maxime Vagenende, Hugo Thienpont, Taimoor H. Qazi, Christian Rolando, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Heidi Ottevaere, Peter Dubruel, José C. Martins, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Fabrice Bray, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - USR 3290 (MSAP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Faculty of Sciences, Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - UAR 3290 (MSAP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)

Subjects
food.ingredient, Biocompatibility, IN-VITRO, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, GELATIN METHACRYLOYL, HYDROGELS. PART, BEHAVIOR, Biomedical Engineering, Adipose tissue, Biocompatible Materials, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Gelatin, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Tissue engineering, medicine, Methacrylamide, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration (biology), Biology and Life Sciences, Biomaterial, General Chemistry, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Collagen, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Gelatin is frequently used in various biomedical applications. However, gelatin is generally extracted from an animal source, which can result in issues with reproducibility as well as pathogen transmittance. Therefore, we have investigated the potential of a recombinant peptide based on collagen I (RCPhC1) for tissue engineering applications and more specifically for adipose tissue regeneration. In the current paper, RCPhC1 was functionalized with photo-crosslinkable methacrylamide moieties to enable subsequent UV-induced crosslinking in the presence of a photo-initiator. The resulting biomaterial (RCPhC1-MA) was characterized by evaluating the crosslinking behaviour, the mechanical properties, the gel fraction, the swelling properties and the biocompatibility. The obtained results were compared with the data obtained for methacrylamide-modified gelatin (Gel-MA). The results indicated that the properties of RCPhC1-MA networks are comparable to those of animal-derived Gel-MA. RCPhC1-MA is thus an attractive synthetic alternative for animal-derived Gel-MA and is envisioned to be applicable for a wide range of tissue engineering purposes.

Published
2019
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12. High frequency operation of an integrated electro-absorption modulator onto a VCSEL

Author

Marigo-Lombart, Ludovic, Rumeau, Alexandre, Viallon, Christophe, Arnoult, Alexandre, CALVEZ, Stéphane, Monmayrant, Antoine, Gauthier-Lafaye, Olivier, Rosales, R, Lott, J, Thienpont, H, Panajotov, K, Almuneau, Guilhem, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; We present in this paper the vertical integration of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) onto a VCSEL. We discuss the design, fabrication, and measured characteristics of the combined VCSEL and EAM. We previously demonstrated a standalone EAM with an optical bandwidth around 30 GHz. In this paper we present for the first time an optical bandwidth of 30 GHz for an electro-absorption modulator integrated onto a VCSEL. This device exhibits single-mode operation and a very low chirp, below 0.1 nm, even with a modulation depth of 70 % which makes this device very competitive for high-speed communications in data centers.

Published
2019
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13. Precise characterisation of isolated molecules: general discussion

Author

Ingo Fischer, Ad van der Avoird, Stephen R. Leone, David M. Benoit, Graham A. Worth, Roland Wester, F. A. Gianturco, Jens Petersen, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Anne B. McCoy, Petr Slavíček, Paul L. Houston, Matthieu Besemer, Thierry Stoecklin, Joel M. Bowman, David C. Clary, Robert J. Donovan, Roberto Linguerri, Stephen E. Bradforth, Majdi Hochlaf, Uwe Manthe, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Xiao Shan, Peter J. Knowles, Jeremy O. Richardson, Zlatko Bačić, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Chemistry, business.industry, MEDLINE, 02 engineering and technology, Computational biology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Text mining, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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14. Molecules in confinement in liquid solvents: general discussion

Author

Jeremy O. Richardson, Martin Dracinsky, Petr Slavíček, Adam Kirrander, Majdi Hochlaf, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Loren Ban, Jens Petersen, Ingo Fischer, Robert W. Góra, Anne B. McCoy, Joel M. Bowman, Gilberte Chambaud, Stephen E. Bradforth, Mikołaj J. Janicki, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), and Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical physics, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Faraday Discussions, 212, ISSN:1359-6640, ISSN:1364-5498

Published
2018
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15. Quantum dynamics of isolated molecules: general discussion

Author

Majdi Hochlaf, Ingo Fischer, Joel M. Bowman, Uwe Manthe, Robert J. Donovan, Adam Kirrander, Thierry Stoecklin, Jens Petersen, Dmitri Babikov, David C. Clary, Stephen R. Leone, David M. Benoit, Roland Wester, Anne B. McCoy, Jeremy O. Richardson, Petr Slavíček, F. A. Gianturco, Timothy A. H. Burd, Susmita Kar, Ad van der Avoird, Graham A. Worth, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Thomas Malcomson, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Marquette University, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marquette University [Milwaukee], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Physics, Chemical physics, Quantum dynamics, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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16. High frequency characterization of a vertical electro-absorption modulator for data communications

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Christophe Viallon, Guilhem Almuneau, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Alexandre Rumeau, Krassimir Panajotov, Antoine Monmayrant, Hugo Thienpont, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), IEEE, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Faculty of Engineering, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Signal processing, Materials science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, 01 natural sciences, Vertical integration, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, modulator, electro-absorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Characterization (materials science), Photodiode, high-frequency, Modulation, Optical fiber coupling, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

This paper describes the high-frequency characterizations of a vertical electro-absorption modulator (EAM) to ensure its monolithic integration onto a VCSEL for data communications. Splitting the emitting and the modulating parts is an attractive approach compared to directly current-modulated VCSEL since it releases the intrinsic limitations due to carriers dynamics that occurs in such VCSEL device. It is, in this aim, utmost to thoroughly characterize and understand the properties and performances of the vertically integrated EAM under high frequency operation, as it will be decisive for the application of EAM-VCSEL to very high data-rate communications. EAM measurements, presented up to 40 GHz, require a precise control of the optical fiber coupling and a precise evaluation of the injection losses over the full frequency range.

Published
2018

17. Integration of Electro-Absorption Modulator in a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Hugo Thienpont, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), SPIE, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Quantum-confined Stark effect, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Microstrip, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, Amplitude modulation, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Parasitic capacitance, law, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; VCSELs became dominant laser sources in many short optical link applications such as datacenter, active cables, etc. Actual standards and commercialized VCSEL are providing 25 Gb/s data rates, but new solutions are expected to settle the next device generation enabling 100 Gb/s. Directly modulated VCSEL have been extensively studied and improved to reach bandwidths in the range of 26-32 GHz [Chalmers, TU Berlin], however at the price of increased applied current and thus reduced device lifetime. Furthermore, the relaxation oscillation limit still subsists with this solution. Thus, splitting the emission and the modulation functions as done with DFB lasers is a very promising alternative [TI-Tech, TU Berlin]. Here, we study the vertical integration of an Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) within a VCSEL, where the output light of the VCSEL is modulated through the EAM section. In our original design, we finely optimized the EAM design to maximize the modulation depth by implementing perturbative Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) calculations, while designing the vertical integration of the EAM without penalty on the VCSEL static performances. We will present the different fabricated vertical structures, as well as the experimental electrical and optical static measurements for those configurations demonstrating a very good agreement with the reflectivity and absorption simulations obtained for both the VCSEL and the EAM-VCSEL structures. Finally, to reach very high frequency modulation we studied the BCB electrical properties up to 110 GHz and investigated coplanar and microstrip lines access to decrease both the parasitic capacitance and the influence of the substrate. 100 words: In this presentation, we describe the operation of Multiple-Quantum-Wells Asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulator, vertically integrated into a VCSEL structure for high-speed modulation. First we optimize the Electro-Absorptive Modulator (EAM) and the EAM-VCSEL structures by utilizing a perturbative quantum-confined Stark-effect and transfer matrix calculations. Then we present experimental reflectivity, LIV curves and photocurrent measurements and demonstrate very good agreement with our modelling results. High frequency measurements of BCB electrical response up to 110 GHz are carried out to estimate the parasitic effects due to the pad configuration and the impact of the substrate.

Published
2018
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18. Vertical integration of an electro-absorption modulator within a VCSEL device

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Aurélie Lecestre, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Benjamin Reig, Alexandre Arnoult, Alexandre Rumeau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Fabrication, Computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, electro-absorption modulator, self-aligned technological processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), BCB planarization, Laser, high-frequency modulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, vertical cavity lasers, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Microwave
Abstract

International audience; The huge increase of datacom traffic requires laser sources of ever-widening modulation bandwidth. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) are strategically relevant given that their wide use for short communication links such as in datacenters and are, in light of recent developments, good candidates to address such demands. We propose to increase the modulation bandwidth by vertically integrating a continuous-wave VCSEL with a high-speed electroabsorption modulator (EAM-VCSEL). We will present our studies on the electrical and optical designs, on the development of optimized fabrication steps and on the microwave characterizations leading to the realization of integrated EAM-VCSEL devices.

Published
2017
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19. Coexistence of cavity solitons with different polarization states and different power peaks in all-fiber resonators

Author

Lionel Weicker, Mustapha Tlidi, Krassimir Panajotov, Etienne Averlant, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Faculty of Engineering

Subjects
Physics, Polarization rotator, Birefringence, business.industry, Linear polarization, Cross-phase modulation, Nonlinear optics, Physics::Optics, Polarization (waves), Bifurcation diagram, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Optics, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, business, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We theoretically investigate a weakly birefringent all-fiber cavity subject to linearly polarized optical injection. We describe the propagation of light inside the cavity using, for each linear polarization component of the electric field, the Lugiato-Lefever model. These two components are coupled by cross-phase modulation. We show that, for a wide range of parameters, there is a coexistence between a homogeneous steady state and two different types of temporal vector cavity solitons, which can be hosted in the same system. They differ by their polarization state and peak intensity. We construct their bifurcation diagram and show that they are connected through a saddle-node bifurcation. Finally, we show that vector cavity solitons exhibit multistability involving different polarization states with different energies.

Published
2017
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20. Oxide-confined VCSELs fabricated with a simple self-aligned process flow

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alexandre Arnoult, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, self-aligned, oxidation, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, VCSEL, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Etching (microfabrication), law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lithography, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Self-aligned, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Dry etching, Photolithography, Photonics, business, lasers
Abstract

International audience; We propose a simplified and easier fabrication process flow for the manufacturing of AlOx-confined VCSELs based on combining the oxidation step with a self-aligned process, allowing the mesa etching and two successive lift-off steps based on a single lithography step. The electro-optical confinement achieved by standard lateral oxidation enables a low threshold and a single mode behaviour for the VCSEL. This simplified process can largely improve VCSEL manufacturing by reducing the processing time and costs compared to the standard VCSEL process. Introduction: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) have become the preferred light sources in many photonic systems, enabling short-link interconnections [1] but also in other emerging mass-market applications like sensing and detection [2]. The large production volume of VCSELs would benefit from a simplification of the manufacturing process flow that may largely increase the cost-effectiveness. Indeed, compared to the LED and LDs, the VCSEL fabrication process flow requires a large number of elementary steps defined by successive inter-aligned photolithography levels. A precision in the micron range is required to ensure the lateral alignment between the optical waveguide and the electrical injection. For these reasons, one of the most important concerns for the VCSEL manufacturers is to improve the production throughput by lowering the fabrication time and cost per wafer. The development of a self-aligned process is of great interest as already demonstrated for the fabrication of high performance HBT transistors or ridge lasers [3,4]. To that extent, Al-Omari [5] used a top metallic contact deposited over a photoresist layer as a hard mask to dry-etch the VCSEL mesa. Chua [6] developed a pseudo-planar approach by opening via holes down to the AlAs layer to carry out the lateral oxidation. This process has subsequently been improved by Strzelecka [7] to increase the device density. Recently, we have shown that air-post VCSELs could be created using an innovative self-aligned process, which combined several masking and lift-off steps defined by a single lithographic step [8]. In this paper, we extend this work and propose a new process flow to fabricate, in a very simple and straightforward way, the widely-used oxide-confined VCSELs. The demonstrated process drastically simplifies the oxide-confined VCSEL fabrication by reducing the total number of lithographic alignment steps from four or more to only one alignment, with the additional advantage of relieving the required tolerances. This process flow, most suitable for 3D imaging and sensing applications, can also be easily implemented for the fabrication of other optoelectronic devices such as modulators, ridge waveguide lasers, detectors, solar cells or any process combining dry etch, passivation and metallization.

Published
2017
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21. Probing Quantum Memory Effects in the Single Photon Regime

Author

Carlos, Belmonte, VandenBerghe, Frederik, Panajotov, Krassimir, Durt, Thomas, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), CLARTE (CLARTE), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Durt, Thomas

Subjects
[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

22. Nonlinear Dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Deterministic Chaos and Random Number Generation

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Tlidi, Mustapha, Clerc, Marcel, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA)

Subjects
Physics, Polynomial chaos, Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Laser, Polarization (waves), DIODE, 01 natural sciences, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nonlinear system, symbols.namesake, RANDOM BIT GENERATION, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, POLARIZATION PROPERTIES, symbols, Stokes parameters, Statistical physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Selected Lectures; International audience; We report on chaotic polarization fluctuations generated from a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, and investigate in details the VCSEL dynamics and its potential application. We provide new experimental evidences of asymmetrical behaviour of VCSEL polarization dynamics, and show that considering a slight misalignment of the anisotropies of the laser cavity allows to reproduce these dynamics numerically. Finally, we propose a simple scheme for random bit generation exploiting polarization chaos , and experimentally demonstrate a 100 Gbps random generation rate.

Published
2016
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23. Optical feedback induced switching between ground and excited state emission in a quantum dot laser diode

Author

Virte, Martin, Breuer , Stefan, Sciamanna, Marc, Panajotov, Krassimir, wolfersberger, delphine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [NLIN] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

24. Bistability of time-periodic polarization dynamics in a free-running VCSEL

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Martin Virte, Emeric Mercier, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Bistability, business.industry, Linear polarization, Elliptical polarization, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, Optics, Amplitude, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, Bifurcation, Circular polarization, ANISOTROPIES, MODE
Abstract

We report experimentally a bistability between two limit cycles (i.e. time-periodic dynamics) in a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The two limit cycles originate from a bifurcation on two elliptically polarized states which exhibit a small frequency difference and whose main axes are symmetrical with respect to the linear polarization eigenaxes at threshold. We demonstrate theoretically that this peculiar behavior can be explained in the framework of the spin-flip model model by taking into account a small misalignment between the phase and amplitude anisotropies. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America

Published
2014
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25. Extreme events driven by feedback in a nonlinear optical cavity

Author

Sciamanna, Marc, Karsaklian Dal Bosco, Andreas, Caullet, Vianney, Mercier, Emeric, Marsal, Nicolas, Wolfersberger, Delphine, Van Luchene, Sébastien, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

26. New insight into laser diode dynamics from phase-conjugate optical feedback

Author

Sciamanna, Marc, Wolfersberger, Delphine, Karsaklian Dal Bosco, Andreas, Mercier, Emeric, Van Luchene, Sébastien, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

27. Two-mode Dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Panajotov, Krassimir, Virte, Martin, Thienpont, Hugo, Sciamanna, Marc, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Abstract

International audience; We first report on recently experimentally discovered two-mode dynamics in solitary Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), which manifests the microscopic spin-flip processes taking place in the semiconductor quantum dots (QD)[1] We demonstrate that such dynamics leads to polarization chaos, a new phenomenon for class B semiconductor lasers. Our QD-VCSEL emits linearly polarized light at threshold and undergoes a pitchfork bifurcation when increasing injection current that creates two symmetrical elliptically polarized solutions ( Fig. 1a). Then, a sequence of bifurcations (Fig. 1b) brings it to two single-scroll chaotic attractors oscillating around the now unstable elliptically polarized steady-states (Fig.1c). Finally, the two chaotic attractors merge into a double-scroll "butterfly" chaotic attractor (Fig.1d). Experimentally, this "butterfly" attractor is observed as a mode hopping between two elliptically polarized modes (Fig.1e,f) [2]. The dwell time, i.e. the average time between two successive jumps exponentially decreases with injection current which is opposite to noise-induced polarization mode hopping in quantum well VCSELs [3]. Next, we review the features of VCSEL nonlinear dynamics induced by optical injection and optical feedback that are due to the lack of polarization anisotropy and to multiple transverse mode operation. In case of optical injection we demonstrate a new Hopf bifurcation on a two-polarization-mode solution that delimits the injection locking region and a new resonance tongue for large positive detunings that is due to polarization switching and injection locking of first-order transverse mode [4]. For the case of optical feedback in VCSELs[5] we show that for long and short external cavities the Lang-Kobayashi model is in good agreement with experiments on polarization switching, mode hopping and antiphase oscillatory dynamics at the delay time. These last dynamics modify polarization residence-time distribution making it oscillatory. We demonstrate numerically and experimentally coherence resonance in such bistable, time-delayed optical system. We present results on low frequency fluctuation and pulse-package dynamics in VCSELs and discuss the role of light polarization.

Published
2013

28. Optical feedback induces bistability between ground and excited states in quantum dot lasers

Author

Virte, Martin, Panajotov, Krassimir, Sciamanna, Marc, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

29. From mode competition to polarization chaos in free-running VCSELs

Author

Virte, Martin, Panajotov, Krassimir, Thienpont, Hugo, Sciamanna, Marc, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

30. Impact of optical feedback on a quantum dot laser emitting simultaneously from the ground and excited states

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
Physics, Distributed feedback laser, Active laser medium, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, 010309 optics, Quantum dot, Quantum dot laser, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract

Summary form only given. When using quantum dot (QD) as an active region for semiconductor laser, one can confine more than one energy level, thus allowing laser effect to take place in the ground state (GS), the excited state (ES) or both simultaneously [1]. In this contribution we theoretically consider the impact of optical feedback on the mode competition between GS and ES emission. Using an analytical approach, continuation techniques and numerical integration we provide a detailed analysis of the steady-states and bifurcation scenarios predicted, thus bringing new light on recent experiments [2].

Published
2013

31. Mode competition induced by optical feedback in two-color quantum dot lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Optical amplifier, Physics, Distributed feedback laser, LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS, EXCITED-STATE, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optical bistability, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical phase space, Quantum dot laser, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ground state, Lasing threshold
Abstract

International audience; We investigate theoretically the impact of optical feedback on quantum dot two-color laser dynamics when emitting from both the excited and the ground states. Detailed analysis of the laser dynamics is provided by numerical integrations and continuation techniques, as well as by analytical methods. As the feedback strength is increased the quantum dot laser undergoes a sequence of bifurcations involving steady-states, external cavity modes, self-pulsations and chaos. Furthermore, we report on two interesting mode competition results. First, the optical feedback favors the ground state emission; hence an increase of the feedback strength will generally lead to an increase of the ground state emission output power. Second, the optical feedback can select one lasing state or induce bistable switchings between different steady-states depending on the feedback strength and the injection current.

Published
2013
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32. Bifurcation to nonlinear polarization dynamics and chaos in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, ANISOTROPIES, TEMPERATURE, MECHANISMS, Fundamental frequency, Elliptical polarization, Polarization (waves), Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Computational physics, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, MODE, 010309 optics, Light intensity, law, Limit cycle, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics
Abstract

In this contribution we provide an in depth theoretical analysis of the bifurcations leading to nonlinear polarization dynamics in a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). We detail the sequence of bifurcations that occurs when increasing the injection current, and which brings the laser from linear to elliptical polarization emission and then self-pulsating or even more complex chaotic dynamics of the light intensity. Continuation techniques allow us to follow the stable and unstable limit cycle solutions emerging from Hopf bifurcations, and therefore to interpret the frequency of the self-pulsating polarization dynamics. The fundamental frequency of the pulsating dynamics is either close to the laser relaxation oscillation frequency or close to the linear-birefringence-induced polarization mode frequency splitting, depending on the laser parameters. A systematic analysis of the parameter space allows us to identify two scenarios that are in excellent qualitative agreement with those reported in recent experiments. Our results provide, moreover, evidence for an interesting polarization mode hopping mechanism, i.e., a so-called deterministic mode hopping where the laser exhibits a chaotic and therefore random-like hopping between two states that are elliptically polarized and nonorthogonal. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013834

Published
2013
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33. Feedback stabilization of discrete-time quantum systems subject to non-demolition measurements with imperfections and delays

Author

Hadis Amini, Igor Dotsenko, C. Sayrin, Ram Somaraju, Pierre Rouchon, Mazyar Mirrahimi, Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), SIgnals and SYstems in PHysiology & Engineering (SISYPHE), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Markov process, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum system, FOS: Mathematics, Statistical physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics, Markov chain, Stochastic matrix, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Observable, Metzler matrix, Control and Systems Engineering, Optimization and Control (math.OC), symbols, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Stationary state
Abstract

We consider a controlled quantum system whose finite dimensional state is governed by a discrete-time nonlinear Markov process. In open-loop, the measurements are assumed to be quantum non-demolition (QND). The eigenstates of the measured observable are thus the open-loop stationary states: they are used to construct a closed-loop supermartingale playing the role of a strict control Lyapunov function. The parameters of this supermartingale are calculated by inverting a Metzler matrix that characterizes the impact of the control input on the Kraus operators defining the Markov process. The resulting state feedback scheme, taking into account a known constant delay, provides the almost sure convergence of the controlled system to the target state. This convergence is ensured even in the case where the filter equation results from imperfect measurements corrupted by random errors with conditional probabilities given as a left stochastic matrix. Closed-loop simulations corroborated by experimental data illustrate the interest of such nonlinear feedback scheme for the photon box, a cavity quantum electrodynamics system., Comment: submitted (16 pages, 4 figures)

Published
2013
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34. Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS, Chaotic, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Lyapunov exponent, Elliptical polarization, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, RANDOM BIT GENERATION, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, TIME-SERIES, CAVITY, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nonlinear coupling, Physics, Laser diode, FEEDBACK, INSTABILITIES, COMMUNICATION, business.industry, Polarization (waves), Laser, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics, Nonlinear system, symbols, Optoelectronics, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

Fifty years after the invention of the laser diode and fourty years after the report of the butterfly effect - i.e. the unpredictability of deterministic chaos, it is said that a laser diode behaves like a damped nonlinear oscillator. Hence no chaos can be generated unless with additional forcing or parameter modulation. Here we report the first counter-example of a free-running laser diode generating chaos. The underlying physics is a nonlinear coupling between two elliptically polarized modes in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. We identify chaos in experimental time-series and show theoretically the bifurcations leading to single- and double-scroll attractors with characteristics similar to Lorenz chaos. The reported polarization chaos resembles at first sight a noise-driven mode hopping but shows opposite statistical properties. Our findings open up new research areas that combine the high speed performances of microcavity lasers with controllable and integrated sources of optical chaos., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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35. Bistability of Limit Cycles in a Free‐Running VCSEL

Author

Mercier, Emeric, Virte, Martin, Panajotov, Krassimir, Sciamanna, Marc, Van Luchene, Sébastien, SUPELEC-Campus Metz, Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE), OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

36. Polarization Chaos from a Free-Running Quantum Dot Laser Diode

Author

Virte, Martin, Panajotov, Krassimir, Sciamanna, Marc, Van Luchene, Sébastien, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract

International audience; In this contribution, we demonstrate generation of polarization chaos, i.e. chaotic mode hopping between two elliptically polarized states, in a free-running quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and provide a theoretical framework of the phenomenon.

Published
2013

37. Deterministic polarization chaos in a laser diode

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
CHAOS (operating system), Physics, Optics, Laser diode, law, business.industry, business, Polarization (waves), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, law.invention
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

38. Polarization Switching, nonlinear dynamics and chaos in Quantum Dot VCSEL

Author

Sciamanna, Marc, Virte, Martin, Thienpont, Hugo, Panajotov, Krassimir, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

39. Bifurcation to chaotic polarization mode hopping in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
Physics, Atomic force microscopy, business.industry, Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Elliptical polarization, Laser, Polarization (waves), law.invention, Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, Quantum dot, law, Mode hopping, business, Bifurcation
Abstract

International audience; We make an in-depth analysis of a bifurcation scenario that leads to chaotic hopping between two elliptically polarized modes in VCSELs. Our work brings new light on recent experiments using quantum dot VCSELs.

Published
2012

42. Self-pulsations and excitability in optically injected quantum-dot lasers: Impact of the excited states and spontaneous emission noise

Author

Lukasz Olejniczak, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Relaxation (NMR), 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, SYSTEMS, BIFURCATIONS, MODULATION, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Quantum dot laser, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Spontaneous emission, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Noise (radio), Bifurcation
Abstract

International audience; We study the dynamics of an optically injected quantum-dot laser accounting for excited states. Mapping of the bifurcations in the plane frequency detuning vs. injection strength shows that the relaxation rate scales the regions of locking and single- and double-period solutions, while the capture rate has a minor effect. Within the regions of time-periodic solutions, close to the saddle-node bifurcation boundary, we identify subregions where the output signal resembles excitable pulses as a result of the bottleneck phenomenon. We show that such emission is determined mainly by fluctuations in the occupation of the excited states. The interpulse time follows an inverse square root scaling law as a function of the detuning. In a deterministic system the pulses are periodic regardless of the detuning, but in the presence of noise, close to the locking region, the interpulse time follows a positively skewed normal distribution. For a fixed frequency detuning, increasing the noise strength can shift the mean of the interpulse time distribution and make the pulsations more periodic.

Published
2010
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43. Optical injection dynamics of quantum dot lasers: influence of the excited states

Author

Lukasz Olejniczak, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Laser, Signal, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Optics, Quantum dot laser, law, Excited state, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Atomic physics, business, Ground state, Bifurcation, Wetting layer
Abstract

International audience; We analyze the influence of the excited states (ES) on the dynamics of optically injected quantum dot lasers. In our model carriers from the wetting layer are first being captured into the excited state and then relax to the ground state. Our results indicate that the dynamics of optically injected QD lasers are driven by the relaxation time in the sense that it scales the regions where the laser exhibits distinct behaviors. It also influences the size of the locking region. The capture time has minor effect and influences mainly static characteristics. Bifurcation maps are studied with the main focus on self-pulsations. In particular our results show that the dynamics of self-pulsations is consistent with experimental observations of excitable dynamics. To utilize the self-pulsations we propose and investigate properties and limitation of the system used for all-optical signal processing. In our approach the slave laser is switched by the information signal acting as a master laser between the locking region and the region of self-pulsations. The maximum bit rate of such a system has been estimated to be 0.5 GHz. This value can be improved to 1 GHz by applying correction to the detection algorithm. The correction reflects the nature of self-pulsations and is calculated from the distribution of the time the system needs to fire a pulse.

Published
2010
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44. 100 nm period grating by high-index phase-mask immersion lithography

Author

Yannick Bourgin, Yves Jourlin, Jurgen Van Erps, Richard M. De La Rue, O. Parriaux, Petri Karvinen, Anne Talneau, Nicolas Passilly, David Troadec, Svetlen Tonchev, Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain, Colette Veillas, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Joensuu, Department of Physics and Mathematics (JOE), University of Joensuu, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Photonics Research Group, Centre for Communication, University of Bristol [Bristol], Dpt of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), European Project: 241479,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,NEMO(2009), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, Lithography, Nanostructure fabrication, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Interference lithography, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazed grating, Photography, Nanotechnology, MIRRORS, ARRAYS, Diffraction grating, Immersion lithography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Subwavelength structures, INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY, FABRICATION, business.industry, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Equipment Failure Analysis, Refractometry, Resist, Diffraction gratings, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Next-generation lithography
Abstract

The interferogram of a high index phase mask of 200 nm period under normal incidence of a collimated beam at 244 nm wavelength with substantially suppressed zeroth order produces a 100 nm period grating in a resist film under immersion. The paper describes the phase mask design, its fabrication, the effect of electron-beam lithographic stitching errors and optical assessment of the fabricated sub-cutoff grating. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Published
2010
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45. Semiconductor laser nonlinear dynamics: complexity made useful

Author

Lukasz Olejniczak, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Angel Valle, Ignace Gatare, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Bistability, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Optical switch, Optical bistability, Semiconductor laser theory, Nonlinear system, Quantum dot laser, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; I summarize here some of our recent contributions to the understanding and applications of semiconductor nonlinear dynamics. Interplay between polarization switching properties of VCSELs and external optical injection/optical feedback/current modulation gives rise to a rich variety of new dynamical phenomena characterized by multimode behavior, bistability, self-pulsing, noise-induced or noise-sustained instabilities. In these configurations control of polarization is possible but also new perspectives can be expected where the dynamical complexity would help for all-optical signal processing. I will conclude with recent theoretical and experimental works on polarization and nonlinear dynamical properties of quantum dot semiconductor lasers.

Published
2009

46. Polarization Switching in Quantum-Dot Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Dieter Bimberg, F. Hopfer, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alex Mutig, L. Olejniczak, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
02 engineering and technology, semiconductor lasers, Elliptical polarization, VCSEL, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Polarization rotator, business.industry, Quantum dots, Optical polarization, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Quantum dot laser, Quantum dot, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business
Abstract

International audience; We demonstrate experimental evidence of polarization switching accompanied by polarization-mode hopping in quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In our case, the polarization switching is associated with a change of linearly polarized light to elliptically polarized one, hence switching takes place between elliptically polarized states. Current-modulation measurements show that the polarization switching is of thermal origin.

Published
2009
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47. Chaotic polarization dynamics and chaos synchronization in VCSELs

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Mikel Arizaleta, Angel Valle, Ignace Gatare, Atsushi Uchida, Marc Sciamanna, Applied Physics and Photonics, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Information and Computer Sciences, and Saitama University

Subjects
ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTERSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION, Chaotic, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Physics::Optics, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Optical chaos, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, 010309 optics, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Multi-mode optical fiber, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, business.industry, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, Synchronization of chaos, Nonlinear optics, Optical polarization, Polarization (waves), Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, business, LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS, OPTICAL FEEDBACK
Abstract

International audience; We review our recent results related to nonlinear polarization dynamics and chaos in VCSELs. The possibility to generate multimode chaos motivates the study of chaos synchronization in coupled VCSELs and its application for secure communications.

Published
2009
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48. Polarization- and Transverse-Mode Dynamics in Optically Injected and Gain-Switched Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Angel Valle, I. Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
LOCKING, CHAOS, DIODE, LIGHT, Bistability, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, BISTABILITY, COMPETITION, SUBJECT, VCSELS, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Optical polarization, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Transverse plane, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we summarize our recent results on nonlinear polarization- and transverse-mode dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) induced by optical injection (OI) or current modulation. Due to the surface emission and cylindrical symmetry, VCSELs lack strong polarization anisotropy and may undergo polarization switching (PS). Furthermore, VCSELs may emit light in multiple transverse modes. This provides new features to the rich nonlinear dynamics induced in VCSELs by an external perturbation. We demonstrate for the case of orthogonal OI that new Hopf bifurcation on a two-polarization-mode solution delimits the injection locking (IL) region and that PS and IL of first-order transverse mode lead to a new resonance tongue for large positive detunings. Similarly, the underlying polarization-mode competition leads to chaotic-like behavior in case of gain switching and the presence of two transverse modes additionally reduces the possibility of regular dynamics.

Published
2009
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49. Polarization Dynamics in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Subject to Optical Injection or Current Modulation

Author

Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Michel Nizette, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], no keyword, Materials science, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Polarization (waves), Laser, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Gallium arsenide, law.invention, Nonlinear dynamical systems, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, chemistry, law, Optical materials, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

International audience; We present experimental and theoretical results on polarization nonlinear dynamics in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers subject to optical injection or current modulation. We discuss polarization switching, rich nonlinear dynamics, multi-transverse modes and their bifurcation routes.

Published
2009
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50. Impact of light polarization on chaos synchronization of mutually coupled VCSELs

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Atsushi Uchida, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, Coupling strength, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, business.industry, Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Polarization (waves), Laser, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, Injection locking, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

We demonstrate that dynamical polarization switching in mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) has a profound impact on the chaotic dynamics in the system drastically improving the in-phase (anti-phase) synchronization between the modes of the two VCSELs with the same (orthogonal) polarizations. Furthermore, an exchange of the leader-laggard role is observed with the higher (lower) frequency VCSEL being the leader for lower (higher) coupling strength. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Published
2008
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