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Background Migraine belongs to the group of primary headaches, affecting 14.4% of the global population. The pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine involve the interplay between hypothalamic activation, cortical spreading depression, trigeminal stimulation, and inflammatory components with neurogenic inflammation or neuroinflammation.

RESUMO Aresposta de explantes em um sistema de cultura de tecidos depende do genótipo do material em cultura. Estudou-se a variação genética entre e dentro de famílias de polinização aberta de uma população de Eucalyptus grandis, aos 27 anos de idade, para proliferação de gemas e produção de raízes adventícias in vitro. O teste foi em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos (progênies), em cinco repetições e oito explantes por parcela. As progênies apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto à formação de gemas e de raízes. Variações genéticas ocorreram entre progênies com elevada amplitude de gemas formadas. Amplas variações genéticas dentro de progênies também ocorreram para a capacidade de produção de gemas. Os efeitos do genótipo e do ambiente foram significativos na formação de gemas e de raízes. Através da seleção de famílias a produção de gemas e de raízes adventícias pode ser aumentada para otimizar a multiplicação in vitro dessa espécie.

Objective: To analyze potential influences of the R/X genetic polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene, as well as of anthropometric and metabolic characteristics on the functional performance of elderly women assisted in primary health care. Method: One hundred and forty-one elderly women were assessed in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and functional aspects, in addition to clinical, cognitive and demographic characteristics. Allele and genotype frequencies of ACTN3 gene polymorphism were determined. Results: 141 elderly women (68.30 ± 6.18 years) were evaluated. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the RR and RX/XX genotypes in the elderly women's functional performance, anthropometric or metabolic characteristics. The TUG test completion time showed positive correlations with age, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat percentage (s = 0.315; p < 0.001; s = 0.238; p = 0.005; s = 0.174; p = 0.039; s = 0.207; p = 0.014), respectively. Negative correlations were found between the TUG test with absolute handgrip strength (s = -0.314; p < 0.001) and relative handgrip strength (s = -0.380; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, there were no influences from ACTN3 gene polymorphisms on the functional performance of the elderly women, which is influenced by other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Current paper characterizes the epidemiological, clinical and genetic profile of patients with Covid-19. An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with volunteers diagnosed with Covid-19 between April 2021 and May 2021 in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; a blood sample also identified polymorphism in the ACE2 gene. 87 patients were recruited; 6.7% required hospitalization, the majority being male. Although obesity was a more frequent comorbidity, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes were more significant when associated with hospitalizations. In the case of genetic characteristics, polymorphisms were found in the ACE2 gene among volunteers. Important research suggests male gender and co-morbidities are risk factors for the severity of Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to analyze the genetic divergence between genotypes of Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart collected in natural vegetation in the municipality of Cáceres-Mato Grosso based on morphological characters of fruits and seeds. Bocaiuva fruits were collected at three points of natural occurrence: point 1 - Sítio Peniel dos Sonhos - Barreiro Vermelho Community (15°53'53"S, 57°30'49"W), point 2 - Chácara Boa Esperança (16°05'57"S, 57°39'03"W) point 3 - Santana Community-Morraria Region (15°55'36"S, 57°26'50"W). To estimate the genetic divergence between the bocaiuva genotypes through the morphometry of the fruits and seeds, 420 fruits of 21 genotypes were collected and the following characteristics were evaluated: Horizontal diameter of the fruit, Vertical diameter of the fruit, Total weight of the fruit, Total weight of fresh mesocarp (pulp), Horizontal diameter of almonds, Vertical diameter of almonds and Weight of fresh almond. To estimate the genetic divergence between the genotypes, the standardized Average Euclidean Distance was used as a measure of dissimilarity. Based on this matrix, the Tocher optimization clustering methods and the Hierarchical Clustering Average Between Groups (UPGMA) method were used. The criterion of Singh (1981) was also used to quantify the relative contribution of traits in the estimation of genetic divergence. All analyzes were performed using the computational resources of the Genes software. Through the results obtained, it was possible to verify the greatest dissimilarity between genotypes 3 and 8. The groupings by the Tocher method and the Hierarchical Average Grouping Between Groups (UPGMA) were partially similar in the groupings of genotypes and the characteristics of total fruit weight, followed by characteristic total weight of fresh pasta were the ones that most contributed to estimate the genetic divergence of the evaluated genotypes. The use of multivariate analyzes was efficient in estimating the genetic divergence in which the genotypes evaluated in the present research present genetic divergence and can be used in future pre-genetic improvement research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze potential influences of the R/X genetic polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene, as well as of anthropometric and metabolic characteristics on the functional performance of elderly women assisted in primary health care. Method: One hundred and forty-one elderly women were assessed in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and functional aspects, in addition to clinical, cognitive and demographic characteristics. Allele and genotype frequencies of ACTN3 gene polymorphism were determined. Results: 141 elderly women (68.30 ± 6.18 years) were evaluated. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the RR and RX/XX genotypes in the elderly women’s functional performance, anthropometric or metabolic characteristics. The TUG test completion time showed positive correlations with age, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat percentage (s = 0.315; p < 0.001; s = 0.238; p = 0.005; s = 0.174; p = 0.039; s = 0.207; p = 0.014), respectively. Negative correlations were found between the TUG test with absolute handgrip strength (s = - 0.314; p < 0.001) and relative handgrip strength (s = - 0.380; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, there were no influences from ACTN3 gene polymorphisms on the functional performance of the elderly women, which is influenced by other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological pest control has expanded in Brazil with the Trichogramma pretiosum as the main natural enemy. The microsatellite molecular markers Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) have been the most used, as they are multiallelic, robust and reproducible, in several species. In order to optimize future processes of identification and analysis of the parasitoid's genetic diversity, twenty markers, isolated and characterized for the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi, were tested in 15 generations of T. pretiosum. Those markers, ten have been transferred and can be used to evaluate the genetic variation of T. pretiosum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cientifica is the property of Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa e Extensao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Beijing family strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with multidrug-resistance. Although strains of the Lisboa family are the most common among multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant patients in the region, several studies have reported the presence of the Beijing family. However, the features of patients from whom they were isolated, are not yet known. Material and Methods: Retrospective study involving 104 multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, from the same number of patients, isolated and genotyped between 1993 and 2015 in Lisbon. We assessed the prevalence of strains of both families and the epidemiologic and clinical features of those infected with Beijing family strains. Results: Seventy-four strains (71.2%) belonged to the Lisboa family, 25 (24.0%) showed a unique genotypic pattern and five (4.8%) belonged to the Beijing family, the latter identified after 2009. Those infected with Beijing family strains were angolan (n = 1), ukrainian (n = 2) and portuguese (n = 2), mainly young-aged and, four of five immunocompetent and with no past history of tuberculosis. All had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. We did not find any distinctive clinical or radiological features, neither a predominant resistance pattern. Cure rate was high (four patients). Discussion: Although the number of infected patients with Beijing strains was small, it suggests an important proportion of primary tuberculosis, a potential for transmission in the community but also a better clinical outcome when compared to other reported strains, such as W-Beijing and Lisboa. Conclusion: Although Lisboa family strains account for most of the multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Lisbon area, Beijing strains are transmitted in the city and might change the local characteristics of the epidemics.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a diversidade genética de isolados de H. capsulatumno Brasil. Foram selecionadas amostras sequenciadas de H. capsulatum para os genesarf(Fator de ribosilação ADP) e ole(delta-9 fatty aciddesaturase), provenientes de diversos estados do país. Os dados foram obtidos no Centro Nacional de Informação Biotecnológica (NCBI-National Center for Biotechnology Information). Foram incluídas 79 amostras de H. capsulatum sendo que destas, 45 (57%)eram sequências do gene arfe 34 (43%)eram sequências do gene ole. Dentre as 45amostras do genearf, 29 (64,4%) eram de origem clínica,12 (26,7%) de origem ambiental e quatro (8,9%) de origem veterinária. As 34 (100%) amostras do gene ole eram de origem clínica. A análise do gene arf demonstrou que similaridade das amostras variou de 61 a 99%. Entretanto, observamos uma similaridade menor (44%) entre quatro amostras provenientes do Rio de Janeiro. De acordo com a análise filo genética, as sequências parciais do gene ole demonstraram elevados níveis similaridade, variando de 62 a 99%. Os isolados de H. capsulatum demonstraram grande semelhança entre si quando analisamos o gene ole assim como o gene arf, independente da região geográfica do país.

Background: Genetic information is necessary to devise strategic plans aimed to improve the genetic merit of buffalos. Objective: To assess the effect of genetic polymorphisms in GH, Pit-1, GHR, GHRHR, and KCN3 genes on milk production and body weight of Khuzestan water buffaloes. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 60 buffaloes from the Khuzestan province, Iran. Using the PCR-RFLP technique, the amplified and digested fragments of GH/AluI, GHR/AluI, GHRHR/HaeIII, Pit1/HinfI, and KCN3/HindIII were genotyped. Results: All animals were monomorphic for GHRHR. The frequency of mutant alleles for GH, GHR, KCN3, and Pit1 was 47.5, 74.2, 49.2, and 51.7%, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.0001) in the genotypic frequencies of GH, GHR, and Pit1 between high and low milk-yielding buffaloes. The GH (p=0.0002), GHR (p<0.0001) and Pit1 (p<0.0001) polymorphisms also had significant effects on body weight. Sequencing results revealed the presence of C496A, G495A, G498A and C1501T SNPs in the GH, and G1702T in the GHR gene of Khuzestan buffalos. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of GH, GHR, and Pit1 on milk production and body weight of Khuzestan buffaloes. The results suggest that devising an integrated breeding plan in Khuzestan water buffalos can considerably benefit from the very high diversity in candidate genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: according to several authors, domestic pigs come from different wild boar populations with varied geographic distribution and are grouped in the genus Sus. Pig domestication occurred gradually. The first animals were small and gathered in small numbers. Several civilizations domesticated this animal as an important source of protein. Tierralta, in Córdoba province, has a large population of domestic pigs, which are a mixture of creole and other breeds. The genetic characterization of populations is used to check the status of genetic diversity, a conclusive element in determining breeding strategies and genetic conservation programs. PCR is the most commonly used technique for studying highly polymorphic markers, such as microsatellites or SSRs. The use of microsatellites is a powerful tool in genetic studies. They have been used for characterization studies of genetic diversity, genetic relationships between populations, paternity testing, inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks. Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of domestic pigs in Tierralta (Córdoba, Colombia) using 20 microsatellites. Methods: fifty four samples were studied. Twenty microsatellites recommended by the FAO/ISAG for swine biodiversity studies were used. Results: all the microsatellites were polymorphic, and were detected between 3 (SW911) and 14 (TNFB) alleles (the average number was 6.9 alleles) and a total of 138 alleles were detected. Average expected heterozygosity was 0.5259 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.5120. PIC values ranged from 0.3212 to 0.7980 for loci SW2410 and IFNG, respectively. Conclusions: the results suggest that the analyzed population represents a group with high genetic diversity.

Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis é uma das espécies do gênero Pinus mais plantadas nas regiões tropicais por apresentar ótima adaptação às condições de solo e clima, ter rápido crescimento, boa forma do tronco e madeira de boa qualidade. A espécie é utilizada principalmente para serraria e produção de celulose e papel. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para caracteres de crescimento em um teste de progênies de polinização aberta de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis em Assis, Estado de São Paulo. O teste foi instalado em maio de 1987, na Floresta Estadual de Assis, no delineamento experimental látice triplo 4 x 5, com 17 tratamentos (16 progênies e uma testemunha experimental), quatro repetições e parcelas de dez plantas em linha, no espaçamento de 3 x 3 m. Foram medidos os caracteres altura total de plantas ‒ ALT e o diâmetro à altura do peito ‒ DAP aos 21 anos de idade. A análise de variância detectou diferenças significativas a 5% de probabilidade entre progênies para a variável altura. O coeficiente de variação genético para altura de plantas foi de 18,4%, e 9,2% para o DAP. A estimativa do coeficiente de herdabilidade para a média de progênies foi de 0,30 para a altura e 0,02 para o DAP, maiores do que as obtidas para herdabilidade dentro de progênies e em nível de plantas individuais. Para estabelecer um pomar de sementes por mudas, sugere-se adotar o caráter altura e uma intensidade de seleção de 6%, o que corresponde a selecionar os 32 melhores indivíduos. Isso resultou em um ganho genético de 2,8% para a ALT e no tamanho efetivo populacional ( Ne ) de 15 indivíduos não parentes e não endogâmicos. A correlação genética entre os caracteres altura e DAP foi baixa e não significativa, sugerindo pequenas possibilidades de seleção indireta entre os caracteres. Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis is the most common species of the genus Pinus planted in tropical regions of Brazil, due its adaptation to soil and climate conditions, fast growth, good trunk form and quality of the wood. The species is mainly used for sawmill and pulp and paper industry. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for growth traits in a open-pollinated progeny test established in the Floresta Estadual de Assis, state of São Paulo. The test was implanted in May 1987, using a 4 x 5 triple lattice design with 17 treatments (16 progenies and a control), four replications and ten plants in row per plot, spaced 3 x 3 m. The total tree height ‒ ALT and the diameter at breast height ‒ DBH were measured at 21 years of age. The analysis of variance detected significant difference among progenies for tree height. The coefficients of genetic variation were 18.4% for tree height and 9.2% for DBH. The estimates of heritability coefficient for progeny means were 0.30 for height and 0.02 for DBH, higher than the estimates obtained at individual plant level and within progenies. To establish a seedling seed orchard, it is suggested to consider the trait height and a selection intensity of 6%, which corresponds to the selection of the best 32 individuals. This procedure resulted a genetic gain of 2.8% for ALT and a population effective size ( ) of 15 unrelated and not inbred individuals. The genetic correlation between traits ALT and DBH was low and not significant, suggesting small chances of indirect selection between traits.

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most prevalent group of structural abnormalities at birth and one of the main causes of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown a contribution of the copy number variation in the genesis of cardiac malformations. Objectives: Investigate gene copy number variation (CNV) in children with conotruncal heart defect. Methods: Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed in 39 patients with conotruncal heart defect. Clinical and laboratory assessments were conducted in all patients. The parents of the probands who presented abnormal findings were also investigated. Results: Gene copy number variation was detected in 7/39 patients: 22q11.2 deletion, 22q11.2 duplication, 15q11.2 duplication, 20p12.2 duplication, 19p deletion, 15q and 8p23.2 duplication with 10p12.31 duplication. The clinical characteristics were consistent with those reported in the literature associated with the encountered microdeletion/microduplication. None of these changes was inherited from the parents. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the technique of MLPA is useful in the investigation of microdeletions and microduplications in conotruncal congenital heart defects. Early diagnosis of the copy number variation in patients with congenital heart defect assists in the prevention of morbidity and decreased mortality in these patients.

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among native plants and some individuals obtained from crosses with unknown genealogy of C. walkeriana as well as C. loddigesii and C. nobilior and to advance towards solving the question of the genetic purity of the "Orchidglade" clone. Eight microsatellite loci were used to evaluate the genetic diversity between individuals of C. walkeriana. Microsatellites were not efficient in determining the genetic diversity between C. walkeriana groups (native and improved). The difficulty in determining the genetic distance between the different genotypes can be attributed to the complex mating system of the species and to a weak genetic barrier that facilitates the development of hybrids. Our analysis revealed smaller genetic distances between the "Orchidglade", "Equilab", "Kenny" and "Pedentive" clones and the species C. loddigesii and C. nobilior. Native C. walkeriana plants were genetically more distant from the C. loddigesii and C. nobilior species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Elaeagnus is a Eurasian tree with 77 species worldwide. In this study, ISSR markers were used to establish the level of genetic relationships and polymorphism across nine genotypes of Elaeagnus angustifolia collected from 9 different regions of West Azarbaijan province. The ISSR analysis with 11 anchored primers also generated 116 scorable loci, of which 92 were polymorphic (79.3%). The estimated Jaccard similarity coefficient ranged from 0.44 to 0.76 for the ISSR markers. Cluster analysis was carried out, based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) and the dendrogram drawn with the help of the NTSYSpc 2.02 software. The analysis revealed 5 main clusters for the ISSR data. According to our results, there is a relatively high genetic distance across E. angustifolia genotypes in the West Azarbaijan province of Iran. Furthermore, it could be inferred that ISSR markers are suitable tools for the evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships within the Elaeagnus genus.A Elaeagnus é uma árvore da Eurásia com 77 espécies em todo o mundo. Neste estudo, marcadores ISSR foram usados para estabelecer o nível de relações genéticas e polimorfismo entre nove genótipos de Elaeagnus angustifolia, coletados em 9 diferentes regiões da província do Azerbaijão Ocidental. A análise ISSR, com 11 primers ancorados, também gerou 116 loci contáveis, dos quais 92 polimórficos (79,3%). O coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard estimado, variou de 0,44 a 0,76 para os marcadores ISSR. A análise de agrupamento foi realizada com base no Método não-ponderado de pares não-agrupados, com médias aritméticas (UPGMA), e a dendrograma elaborada com a ajuda do software NTSYSpc 2.02. A análise revelou cinco grupos principais para os dados ISSR. De acordo com nossos resultados, há uma distância genética relativamente alta entre genótipos de E. angustifolia na província de Azarbaijan Ocidental no Iran. Além disso, pode-se inferir que os marcadores ISSR são ferramentas adequadas para a avaliação da diversidade genética e as relações dentro do gênero Elaeagnus.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic variability in fisális populations and select promising parents based on fruit traits. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with six populations. Five plants per treatment were sampled. The evaluated traits were fruit weight, capsule weight, 1000- seed weight and fruit diameter. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance with error specification between and within (p

INTRODUCTION: The precise identification of the genetic variants of the dengue virus is important to understand its dispersion and virulence patterns and to identify the strains responsible for epidemic outbreaks. This study investigated the genetic variants of the capsid-premembrane junction region fragment in the dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2 (DENV1-2). METHODS: Samples from 11 municipalities in the State of Paraná, Brazil, were provided by the Central Laboratory of Paraná. They were isolated from the cell culture line C6/36 (Aedes albopictus) and were positive for indirect immunofluorescence. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracted from these samples was submitted to the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR. RESULTS: RT-PCR revealed that 4 of the samples were co-infected with both serotypes. The isolated DENV-1 sequences were 95-100% similar to the sequences of other serotype 1 strains deposited in GenBank. Similarly, the isolated DENV-2 sequences were 98-100% similar to other serotype 2 sequences in GenBank. According to our neighbor-joining tree, all strains obtained in this study belonged to genotype V of DENV-1. The DENV-2 strains, by contrast, belonged to the American/Asian genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The monitoring of circulating strains is an important tool to detect the migration of virus subtypes involved in dengue epidemics.

In dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, the genetic defect of anchoring fibrils leads to cleavage beneath the basement membrane and its consequent loss. A 46 year-old female patient presented blisters with a pretibial distribution associated with nail dystrophy. Her two children had hyponychia and anonychia, which affected all toe nails and the thumb, forefinger and middle finger. DNA sequencing identified in exon 75 of COL7A1 gene a pathologic mutation: c.6235G>A (p.Gly2079Arg). Immunomapping of a blister demonstrated collagen IV (basal membrane) in the blister roof and collagen VII in its floor, confirming dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Scanning electron microscopy of an inverted blister showed net-forming collagen attached to the blister roof . The variability found in this family has already been reported and confirms, on a clinical basis, the nail subtype as a dystrophic variant.Na epidermólise bolhosa distrófica, o defeito genético das fibrilas de ancoragem leva à clivagem abaixo da membrana basal com sua consequente perda. Uma paciente de 46 anos apresentava bolhas pré-tibiais associadas à distrofia ungueal. Seus dois filhos apresentavam hipo e anoníquia, afetando todas as unhas dos pododáctilos e dos primeiros, segundos e terceiros quirodáctilos. O sequenciamento de DNA identificou no exon 75 do gene COL7A1 uma mutação patológica: c.6235G>A (p.Gly2079Arg). O imunomapeamento identificou o colágeno IV no teto e colágeno VII no assoalho de uma bolha , confirmando o diagnóstico de epidermólise bolhosa distrófica. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura de um teto invertido de bolha demonstrou rede de colágeno aderida ao mesmo. A variabilidade clínica encontrada nessa família já foi escrita e confirma, que o subtipo ungueal das epidermólises bolhosas é uma forma distrófica.

A paquioníquia congênita é uma rara genodermatose da ceratinização, primeiramente descrita em 1906 por Jadassohn e Lewandowsky. Além de pouco conhecida, a variabilidade fenotípica e as formas oligossintomáticas dificultam o diagnóstico. Relatamos uma família com três gerações afetadas, até recentemente sem diagnóstico. A busca ativa por casos familiares em pacientes com quadro suspeito e a identificação de manifestações peculiares de seus subtipos, como esteatocistoma múltiplo, permitem diagnóstico clínico precoce. Além disso, oportunizam a orientação familiar e de prognóstico ao portador.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar descritores quantitativos e estimar parâmetros genéticos em genótipos de mamoeiro (Carica papaya). Foi instalado um experimento em blocos aumentados, para a avaliação de 27 genótipos, entre cultivares, variedades melhoradas e variedades locais, com o uso de 30 descritores relacionados à planta, folhas, flores, frutos e sementes. Após diversos ciclos de melhoramento, os genótipos ainda mostravam ampla variabilidade quanto aos descritores avaliados. A maior parte da variação fenotípica ocorreu em razão da variância genotípica. A herdabilidade variou de 60,48 a 99,05% e, em 80% dos casos, foi superior a 80,46%. A razão entre o coeficiente de variação genético e o ambiental foi maior do que a unidade para 63% das características. Há diferenças agronômicas suficientes para uso dos genótipos "per se" ou como parentais em programas de melhoramento, em razão de agregarem variação genética, qualidade de frutos e tipo agronômico.

This study constitutes a first attempt to describe the genetic population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. A total of 56 confirmed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, identified between March and June 2008, were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP). The study population was characterized by a predominance of males (71.43%) over 30 years of age (68.75%). Forty-one isolates were found to belong to a single pattern (73.2%), while 15 (26.7%) were found in group patterns, forming six clusters. The higher level of diversity observed is much more suggestive of endogenous reactivation than recent transmission.Este é o primeiro estudo realizado na Bahia, Brasil, visando à descrição da estrutura da população genética circulante do Mycobacterium tuberculosis na cidade de Salvador. Um total de 56 casos confirmados de tuberculose pulmonar, identificados entre março e junho de 2008, foi analisado pelo método Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP). A população de estudo foi caracterizada como a maioria do sexo masculino (71,43 %), idade acima de 30 anos (68,75%). Quarenta e um isolados (73,21%) com padrão único, enquanto 15 (26,75%) apresentaram padrões agrupáveis, formando seis clusters. A alta taxa de diversidade das cepas de M. tuberculosis observada é mais sugestiva de reativação endógena do que transmissão recente.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para caracteres de crescimento e forma em um teste de progênies de Eucalyptus cloeziana, com 24 anos de idade, estabelecido em Luiz Antônio, SP. O teste foi instalado com sementes de polinização aberta provenientes de 35 árvores matrizes oriundas de Helenvale e Cardwell St. Forest, Austrália. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcela composta por apenas uma planta, com 100 repetições. O ensaio foi mensurado aos 24 anos de idade para diâmetro à altura do peito - DAP, altura total, volume e forma. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre progênies para todos os caracteres avaliados. Foram detectados altos coeficientes de variação genética e herdabilidades para todos os caracteres estudados, o que demonstra um forte controle genético na herança destes e a possibilidade de se obter altos ganhos com a seleção massal e individual entre e dentro de progênies. Os ganhos esperados para plantios com 24 anos de idade, realizados em locais com as mesmas características ambientais de Luiz Antônio e com sementes coletadas após a seleção no teste de progênies, foram estimados em 42,92% para DAP, 16,82% para altura e 20,35% para forma.The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for growth and stem form traits in a progenies test of Eucalyptus cloeziana, at 24 years of age, established in Luiz Antônio, SP. The trial was installed with open-pollinated seeds from 35 seed-trees from Helenvale and Cardwell St. Forest provenances, Australia. The trial was installed in a randomized block design, with single tree plots and 100 replications. The trial was measured at 24 years of age for diameter at breast height - DBH, total height, volume and stem form. Significant differences among progenies were obtained for all traits. High genetic coefficients of variation and heritabilities were detected for all traits, showing a strong genetic control in the traits and the possibility to obtain genetic gains by massal selection among and within progenies. The expected genetic gains for stands with 24 years of age, growing in sites with the same environmental characteristics of Luiz Antônio and with seeds collected after selection in the progeny test were estimated in 42.91% for DBH, 16.82% for height and 20.35% for stem form.

O estudo envolveu quatro procedências de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) plantadas no município de Colares-PA, seguindo um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. As características estudadas foram: sobrevivência, altura da planta, diâmetro a 1,30m do solo (DAP), altura e diâmetro da copa, percentagem de plantas atacadas e tipo de casca. A avaliação foi efetuada aos três anos de idade. Foram encontradas diferenças entre procedências para a sobrevivência e crescimento em altura da planta e DAP, não tendo sido encontradas diferenças para as características de altura da copa, diâmetro da copa, percentagem de plantas atacadas e tipo de casca. A procedência de maior sobrevivência foi Belterra que diferiu das demais ao nível de 5% de significância. Para o crescimento em Altura da planta e DAP, as procedências Belterra, Ji-Paraná e Alta Floresta foram estatisticamente iguais entre si, diferindo de Brasiléia que apresentou o menor desenvolvimento. As procedência Belterra, Alta Floresta e Ji-Paraná podem ser recomendadas para o uso em programas de reflorestamento e sistemas agroflorestais para esta região. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman indicou alta associação entre as variáveis de produção e a latitude, indicando que as procedências de latitudes mais baixas tendem a ter um maior desenvolvimento, entretanto, devido este estudo ter envolvido somente uma pequena amostra dentro da ampla área de distribuição da espécie, é aconselhável ampliar o trabalho de prospecção e coleta para melhor explorar a variabilidade no programa de melhoramento genético com a espécie.The study involved four three-year-old provenances of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum planted in the municipality of Colares-Pará, following an experimental design of randomized blocks with five replications. The studied characteristics were: survival, plant height, diameter at 1.30 m from the ground (DAP), height and diameter of the tree crown, percentage of attacked plants and type of bark. Differences among origins for the survival and growth in height of plant and DAP had been found, however, no differences were found for crown height characteristics, crown diameter, percentage plants of attacked plants and bark type. The provenance with the highest survival was Belterra. For plant growth in height and DAP, the provenances Belterra, Ji-Paraná and Alta Floresta were statistically similar, differing from Brasiléia that presented the lowest development. The provenances Belterra, Alta Floresta and Ji-Paraná can be recommended for reforestation programs and agroforestry systems for this region. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a strong association among the production variables and the latitude, indicating that the provenances from lower latitudes tend to have a higher development. However, due to this study had involved only a small sample inside of the ample area of distribution of the species, it is advisable to extend the prospection and collecting activities for better explore the variability in the program of genetic improvement of the species.

OBJETIVO: descrever a diversidade genética dos isolados de HIV-1 de mulheres soropositivas acompanhadas em um centro de referência. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, no qual foram incluídas 96 mulheres com dois testes sorológicos ELISA e um teste confirmatório Western Blot. Das amostras de sangue periférico, foram determinadas a carga viral pelo kit b-DNA e a contagem de linfócitos T CD4 e T CD8 pela citometria de fluxo excalibur. A extração e purificação do DNA pró-viral foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), utilizando o kit QIAamp Blood (Qiagen Inc., Chatsworth, CA, USA). O sequenciamento da região pol foi realizado em 52 isolados com o (3100 Genetic Analyzer, Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA) e a genotipagem foi investigada pela ferramenta Rega (Rega Subtyping Tool). O padrão de resistência aos antirretrovirais (ARV) foi inferido pelo algoritmo do banco de dados Stanford HIV Resistance. Os estágios clínicos das participantes foram definidos como A, B ou C segundo os critérios do Center for Diseases Control (CDC). Para a análise estatística dos dados, foram utilizados os testes do χ2 para as variáveis categóricas e o teste t de Student para as variáveis numéricas. RESULTADOS: a média de idade da amostra, o tempo médio de doença e de tratamento foram: 33,7; 3,8 e 2,5 anos, respectivamente. A média da carga viral foi log10 2,3 cópias/mL; a dos linfócitos T CD4 e T CD8 foi 494,9 células/µL e 1126,4 células/µL. Sobre o estágio clínico, 30 mulheres estavam no estádio A, 47 no B e 19 no C. O sequenciamento dos 52 isolados encontrou 33 do subtipo B, quatro do F, um do C e 14 do recombinante BF. A análise da resistência aos ARV mostrou 39 (75,0%) isolados susceptíveis, 13 (25,0%) resistentes aos inibidores da transcriptase reversa (INTR) e três (5,7%) aos inibidores da protease (IP). CONCLUSÕES: Houve grande diversidade do HIV-1 e elevado percentual de isolados resistentes aos ARV na amostra estudada.PURPOSE: to describe the genetic diversity of HIV-1 isolates from serum positive women followed up at a reference center. METHODS: transversal study, including 96 women with two ELISA serological tests and a Western Blot confirmatory test. The viral charge was determined by the b-DNA kit, and the counting of T CD4 and T CD8 lymphocytes, by the Excalibur flow cytometry, from the samples of peripheral blood. The extraction and purification of pro-viral DNA was performed by the polymerase (PCR) chain reaction, using the QIAamp Blood kit (Qiagen Inc., Chatsworth, CA, U.S.A.). Sequencing of the pol region was done in 52 isolates with the 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA), and the genotyping was assessed by the Rega Subtyping Tool. The resistance pattern to anti-retrovirals (ARV) was inferred by the algorithm from the Stanford HIV Resistance data bank. Participants' clinical stages were defined as A, B or C, according to the criteria established by the Center for Diseases Control (CDC). For statistical analysis, the χ2 test was used for the categorical variables and the Student's t test, for the numerical variables. RESULTS: The average age of the sample, the disease and treatment average duration were respectively: 33.7 years old, 3.8 and 2.5 years. The viral charge average was log10 2.3 copies/mL; the T CD4 e T CD8 lymphocytes, 494.9 cells/µL and 1126.4 cells/µL. Concerning the clinical stage, 30 women were in stage A, 47 in B and 19 in C. Sequencing from the 52 isolates found 33 of B subtype, 4 of F, 1 of C and 14 of BF recombinant. The analysis of resistance to ARV has shown 39 (75.0%) susceptible isolates, 13 (25.0%) resistant to reversal transcriptase inhibitors (RTIN), and 3 (5.7%) resistant to protease inhibitor (PI). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a large variety of HIV-1 and a high percentage of isolates resistant to ARV in the studied sample.

O trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização física de frutos de pequizeiros (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.) nativos da Chapada do Araripe, sul do Estado do Ceará, a fim de quantificar a variabilidade entre as plantas e identificar materiais de interesse agroindustrial e para melhoramento genético. Frutos de 35 plantas foram caracterizados através de 24 parâmetros físicos no fruto inteiro, casca, amêndoa, polpa e semente. Os resultados (média de 25 frutos) foram avaliados via estatísticas descritivas (medidas de tendência central e variabilidade dos dados) e métodos de análise multivariada (análise de agrupamento e análise de componentes principais). os frutos provenientes das plantas 01; 02; 03; 05; 07; 14; 22 e 26 apresentaram as melhores características para processamento. A análise de agrupamento resultou na identificação de cinco grupos de plantas com características fenotípicas similares. os resultados mostraram a existência de considerável variabilidade na espécie.The study aimed to characterize physically pequi fruits (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.) of native trees from Chapada do Araripe, situated south of the state of Ceará, in order to quantify the variability among plants and identify genotypes to food industry and breeding programs. Fruits of 35 plants were characterized for 24 physical parameters in the whole fruit, rind, almonds, pulp and seeds. The results (average of 25 fruits) were evaluated via descriptive statistics (measures of central trend and data variability) and methods of multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and main component analysis). The fruits from the plants numbers: 01, 02, 03, 05, 07; 14, 22 and 26 showed the best characteristics for processing. The cluster analysis resulted in the identification of five groups of plants with similar phenotypic characteristics. The results showed that there is considerable variability in the specie.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os ganhos genéticos, preditos por meio de diferentes índices de seleção, em seis caracteres relacionados ao fruto, em 16 progênies de meios-irmãos de maracujá-amarelo. Foram utilizados: o índice clássico de Smith & Hazel (IC) e a distância genótipo-ideótipo de Cruz (IDGI), ambos com três pesos econômicos; o índice de ganhos desejados de Pesek & Baker (IGD); o índice livre de pesos e parâmetros de Elston (ILPP); e a seleção direta (SD). Observaram-se altas correlações genotípicas, de maior magnitude do que as fenotípicas, para algumas características, o que indica a existência de genes pleiotrópicos. Foram selecionadas cerca de 14% das plantas, para intercruzamento e formação de novo ciclo de seleção. Os critérios de seleção foram divergentes, inclusive para o mesmo índice de seleção com diferentes pesos econômicos, o que revela alta divergência das progênies estudadas. A SD permitiu a obtenção de ganhos preditos desejáveis para todos os caracteres, porém em magnitudes inferiores a outros índices. Embora o IC tenha possibilitado a obtenção de maiores ganhos genéticos em relação ao peso e ao número de frutos por planta, houve ganho negativo para alguns caracteres. O IDGI foi superior na predição de maiores ganhos genéticos, de forma equilibrada para todos os caracteres, enquanto o ILPP mostrou o pior desempenho.The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic gains predicted through different selection indices in 16 half-sib progenies of yellow passion fruit, using six fruit characteristics. The selection criteria used were: the classical index of Smith & Hazel (CI) and the genotype-ideotype distance of Cruz (GID), both with three economic weights; the desired gain index of Pesek & Baker (DGI); the weight-free index of Elston (WFI); and the direct selection (DS). High genotypic correlations, of greater magnitude than the phenotypic ones, were found for some characteristics, which indicates the presence of pleiotropic genes. About 14% of the plants were selected for intercrossing and formation of a new cycle of selection. The selection criteria used were very different from each other, even for the same selection index with different economic weights, which shows the high progenies divergence. Desirable genetic gains were obtained with DS, but with lower magnitude than other indices. Although the CI was the criterion that showed the highest genetic gains for weight and number of fruits per plant, there were negative gains for some characteristics. The GDI was the best criterion to perform a greater predicted and balanced genetic gains for all the characteristics, while the WFI showed the worse performance.

Diferenciação genética refere-se à distribuição da variabilidade entre e dentro de populações, procedências ou outros tipos de agrupamentos. Seu conhecimento é importante para estabelecer estratégias de coleta, conservação e manejo de germoplasma de qualquer espécie. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a diferenciação genética entre procedências de açaizeiro que compõem a coleção da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, por meio de marcadores RAPD e SSR. Para tanto, foram utilizados DNAs de 107 acessos, representantes de 17 regiões geográficas diferentes e utilizados em PCR com 28 primers RAPD e sete primers SSR. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância molecular (AMOVA) com estrutura hierárquica desbalanceada. Altos níveis de diferenciação genética foram registrados entre procedências, com 0,301 para o marcador dominante e 0,242 para o co-dominante. Para os dois marcadores, a AMOVA apresentou grande variabilidade dentro das procedências (acima de 69%). O pequeno tamanho amostral das procedências do Maranhão pode ter contribuído para a diferenciação significativa entre procedências. Os dados obtidos por esses marcadores foram concordantes quanto à distribuição da variação genética entre e dentro de procedências dessa palmeira.Genetic differentiation refers to the distribution of the variability among and within populations, provenances or other grouping types. This knowledge is important to establish collection strategies, conservation and germplasm management of any species. In this work, the genetic differentiation was evaluated among provenances of açaí tree from Embrapa Eastern Amazon germplasm collection using RAPD and SSR markers. DNAs of 107 accessions, representing 17 different geographic regions were used in PCR reactions with 28 RAPD primers and seven SSR primers. The obtained data was submitted to analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) with unbalanced hierarchical structure. High levels of genetic differentiation were registered among provenances, with 0.301 for the dominant marker (RAPD) and 0.242 for the codominante (SSR). For the two markers, AMOVA showed a great variability within the provenances (above 69%). The small sampling size of Maranhão provenances might have contributed to the significant differentiation among these provenances. The data obtained by these markers were in agreement with in what concerns the distribution of the genetic variation among and within the provenances of this palm tree.

Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades de três estimadores do coeficiente de endogamia, F, em uma população diplóide com alelos múltiplos, por meio de dados de frequências alélicas de amostras de indíviduos, obtidas em populações simuladas, por meio do SAS. Foram avaliados o estimador de F, obtido pela média das estimativas nas análises de cada alelo, o estimador considerando a análise conjunta envolvendo todos os alelos, bem como aquele por meio de análise multivariada com os três alelos proposto por Long (1986). Os resultados encontrados para a média e variância dos estimadores, a partir de 1000 estimativas de F, calculadas para cada tamanho de amostra, mostraram que os três estimadores são tendenciosos. Entretanto, de maneira geral, observou-se que o estimador considerando a análise de variância conjunta foi menos tendencioso e apresentou menor variância, quando o coeficiente de endogamia na população era alto, enquanto que para populações com endogamia baixa a variância do estimador considerando a análise multivariada foi menor.The present work evaluted the properties of three estimators of the inbreeding coefficient, F, in a diploid population with multiple alleles, using data of gene frequencies in individuals from random samples, obtained in simulate populations, through the SAS. Were evaluted the estimator of F, obtained by single and joint univariate analysis and the estimator of F obtained by multivariate analysis as proposed by Long (1986). The analysis of the means and variances of the estimators, obtained of 1000 estimates of F, calculated for each sample size, it demonstrated that the three estimators is bias. However, it was observed that the estimator obtained of univariate analysis it was less biased and it presented smaller variance, when the inbreeding coefficient in the population was elevated, while for populations with low inbreeding, the variance of, the estimator obtained by the multivariate analysis it was smaller.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre acessos e cultivares de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) e utilizá-la como critério na escolha de genitores que viabilizem, a partir de hibridações, a formação de populações segregantes. Os tratamentos foram representados pelos acessos BRA 4871, BRA 2968, BRA 5550 e BRA 7722 Papo-de-gia, e as cultivares BRS 188 Paraguaçu, BRS 149 Nordestina, IAC-80, Mirante-10 e Pernambucana Melhorada. As características analisadas foram: início do florescimento (FR), número de racemos por planta (NRP), comprimento efetivo do racemo primário (CR), altura de planta (AP), potencial produtivo (PP) e teor de óleo nas sementes (TO). A divergência genética foi estimada por meio de estatística multivariada, com base em variáveis canônicas e análise de agrupamento, tendo-se empregado a distância euclidiana média. Houve a formação de dois grupos: o grupo I formado por oito genótipos e o grupo II por apenas um genótipo, a cultivar Mirante-10. Apesar de a cultivar Mirante-10 ter sido a mais divergente, não deve ser recomendada para hibridação, por sua baixa média de desempenho. As demais cultivares também apresentam restrições para hibridação, por serem bastante similares. As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram FR, AP, TO e CR.This work aimed to evaluate genetic divergence among castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cultivars, in order to enable the choice of parents which make the formation of segregating populations possible. Accesses BRA 4871, BRA 2968, BRA 5550 and BRA 7722 Papo-de-gia, and cultivars BRS 188 Paraguaçu, BRS 149 Nordestina, IAC-80, Mirante-10 and Pernambucana Melhorada were evaluated. Characteristics analyzed were: days to flowering, number of racemes per plant, length of pistillate region of main raceme, plant height, potential yield, and seed oil content. The genetic divergence among accesses and cultivars was studied by multivariate analysis techniques, with canonical variables and cluster analysis, making use of mean euclidean distance. Two groups were formed: group I, formed by eight genotypes; and group II, formed by one genotype, cultivar Mirante-10. In spite of being the more divergent, cultivar Mirante-10 should not be recommended for hybridization due to its low medium performance. The other cultivars also presented restrictions, as they were quite similar. The variables that more contributed to the genetic divergence were: days to flowering, length of pistillate region of main raceme, plant height, and seed oil content.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre 32 clones de café conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Frohener) componentes de três variedades clonais melhoradas, com vistas à identificação dos mais dissimilares, para o estabelecimento de programas de cruzamentos dirigidos. A divergência genética foi avaliada por procedimentos multivariados: distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, método de agrupamento de otimização de Tocher e técnica de variáveis canônicas. Sete caracteres foram avaliados em experimento conduzido em Marilândia, ES. Os genótipos ES 92, ES 25 e ES 22 são os mais divergentes, sendo os dois últimos os mais indicados para cruzamento com os demais, tendo em vista aliarem divergência genética a um bom desempenho produtivo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 32 clones of three clonal varieties of conilon coffee, to identify the most dissimilar for the establishment of programs of directed crosses. Genetic divergence was evaluated by multivariate procedures: generalized Mahalanobis distance, the grouping optimization method of Tocher and the technique of canonical variables. Seven characteristics were evaluated in one trial conducted in Marilândia, ES, Brazil. Genotypes ES 92, ES 25 and ES 22 are the most divergent; the last two are the most appropriate for crossing and to obtain hybrids of improved performance by using genetic divergence for good productive performance.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the possibility of obtaining recombinant inbred wheat lines more resistant to preharvest sprouting, independently of colour genes, in three red-grained Brazilian wheat populations. The results showed statistical significance among lines within all populations, which presented a normal distribution and transgressive segregation for preharvest sprouting. The normal distribution of the lines from all red-grained populations suggests that sprouting, excluding the genes expressing seed coat pigmentation, is, probably, controlled by many genes. These findings also indicate that it may be possible to improve resistance to preharvest sprouting, independently of the colour genes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de obtenção de linhas recombinantes homozigotas de trigo mais resistentes à germinação pré-colheita independentemente dos genes de cor, em três populações brasileiras de grãos vermelhos. Os resultados mostraram significância estatística entre linhas, em todas as populações, distribuição normal e segregação transgressiva. A distribuição normal apresentada por todas as populações com grãos vermelhos sugere que a germinação pré-colheita, excluindo-se os genes responsáveis pela pigmentação dos grãos, é, provavelmente, controlada por muitos genes. Os resultados indicam, também, que é possível aumentar a resistência à germinação pré-colheita, independentemente dos genes de cor.

Descreveram-se os marcadores isoenzimáticos e estimou-se a variabilidade genética de 20 subpopulações brasileiras de escargots (Helix aspersa). O estudo dos oito locos foi feito por eletroforese em gel de amido, em amostras com 30 indivíduos cada, obtidas em criatórios dos estados de Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro (uma, duas e 17 amostras, respectivamente). Observou-se polimorfismo nos locos das enzimas LAP, 6-PGD, PEP 2, PEP 1 e MDH, com três alelos nos três primeiros locos e dois nos demais. Os locos da ME, da SOD e da PGI apresentaram-se monomórficos. As freqüências gênicas de sete amostras ajustaram-se ao modelo de Hardy-Weinberg (PIn order to assess genetic variability in subpopulations of Helix aspersa, eight isoenzyme loci in 30 individuals in each of 20 subpopulations, obtained from breeders in Santa Catarina (1), São Paulo(2) and Rio de Janeiro (17) states of Brazil, were examined. Polymorphic loci included LAP, 6-PGD, PEP 2, PEP 1 and MDH, with three alelles at each of the first three loci and two at each of the others. The ME, SOD and PGI loci were monomorphic. Gene frequencies in 7 of 20 subpopulations were consistent with the Hardy-Wienberg equilibrium (P

Chenopodium ambrosioides L., conhecida no Brasil por suas propriedades medicinais e usada principalmente para o controle de verminoses intestinais, é pouco estudada quanto à diversidade genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de 16 indivíduos de C. ambrosioides, provenientes de diferentes municípios da região cacaueira da Bahia, pela técnica de RAPD (DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso). Apenas 6,9% das 216 bandas RAPD amplificadas foram polimórficas e a análise de agrupamento evidenciou que não há formação de grupos por área de coleta. Portanto, há pequena variabilidade entre os materiais e esta variabilidade encontra-se distribuída entre as regiões amostradas.Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is known in many parts of Brazil for its medicinal properties, mainly used to control intestinal worms. Its genetic diversity is little studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of 16 accessions of C. ambrosioides from the cocoa region of Bahia State, Brazil, by the RAPD technique (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Only 6.9% of the 216 amplified RAPD bands were polymorphic and the pattern of dispersion of individuals showed no clustering related to sample site. Therefore, there is low variability among accessions and it is distributed among the accessions from the entire sampled region.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar avariação genética entre procedências de Pinuscaribaea var. hondurensis, visando à seleção depopulações adaptadas e produtivas para a região deBebedouro–SP. Assim, foi implantado, em 1973,na Floresta Estadual de Bebedouro, um testeenvolvendo dez procedências de P. caribaea var.hondurensis da América Central e duas testemunhas,sendo uma de P. caribaea var. bahamensis e umade P. caribaea var. caribaea. O delineamentoexperimental utilizado foi o blocos ao acaso,com cinco repetições e parcelas quadradas com49 plantas. Aos 32 anos de idade (2005), o ensaiofoi avaliado para os caracteres DAP e forma dofuste. A análise de variância detectou diferençasentre as procedências de P. caribaea var. hondurensispara o caráter DAP, sugerindo a possibilidade deganhos na seleção entre procedências. A procedênciade melhor crescimento em DAP foi a Rio Coco,e a pior foi a Santa Clara, ambas da Nicarágua.Para o caráter forma do fuste, não foramdetectadas diferenças significativas entre asprocedências de P. caribaea var. hondurensis e nementre esta espécie e as testemunhas. A estimativada correlação linear entre a temperatura de origemdas procedências e o caráter forma do fuste indicaa possibilidade de a temperatura de origem dasprocedências estar influenciando na forma dasárvores em Bebedouro.The aim of this work was to study thegenetic variation among Pinus caribaea var.hondurensis provenances, tend to selected adaptedand productive populations to Bebedouro region,São Paulo State. Thus, in 1973 was implanted inBebedouro State Forest, a trial involving tenP. caribaea var. bahamensis provenances and twocontrols: P. caribaea var. bahamensis and P. caribaeavar. caribaea. The trial was implanted in a randomizedblock design with five replications and 49 trees perplots. The trial was evaluated at 32 years old(2005) to DBH and stem form. The variance analysisdetected differences among P. caribaea var.hondurensis provenances to DBH trait, suggestingthe possibility of genetic gains with provenanceselection. The best provenance for DBH growthwas Rio Coco and the worst was Santa Clara,both from Nicaragua. To stem form do not wasdetected significant differences among provenances.The correlation estimate between temperature ofthe origin of provenances and stem form traitindicate the possibility of the temperature of theprovenance origin to be inflowing the trees stemform at Bebedouro.

A pimenta-longa (Piper hispidinervum C. DC.) arbusto encontrado em áreas antropizadas no Estado do Acre, possui expressiva importância econômica decorrente da presença de safrol em seu óleo essencial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura genética e o sistema de acasalamento dessa espécie, utilizando marcadores RAPD (polimorfismo de DNA amplificado ao acaso). A diversidade genética entre e dentro de populações naturais foi avaliada em 13 populações do Vale do Rio Acre, distribuídas nas Regiões do Baixo e Alto Acre. A taxa preferencial de cruzamento foi estimada em 25 famílias de polinização livre de uma população do Município de Assis Brasil, Acre. A espécie apresentou diversidade genética estruturada no espaço segundo um padrão de isolamento por distância. A maior parte da variabilidade genética foi encontrada dentro das populações, porém a diferenciação entre populações, como um todo, foi alta (qP = 0,28). O agrupamento das populações, pela distância genética (fST) entre elas, mostrou dois grupos distintos, os quais representam as regiões do Alto Acre e Baixo Acre. A AMOVA mostrou que 20,61% da variabilidade total está entre essas duas regiões. A taxa de cruzamento multilocos foi estimada em 1,033, evidenciando que a espécie é alógama. A estimativa do coeficiente de endogamia F não diferiu de zero e os cruzamentos ocorreram preferencialmente entre indivíduos não-aparentados.