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This paper follows the quantitative changes in teaching programs before and after re-accreditation, and explores the reasons for the differences among universities. In previous studies, it has been feared that universities’ intentions are passively determined by policy, and that autonomy and independence are controlled. However, it was inferred that the establishment of teaching programs is influenced by the decisions of the university as a management entity. In order to examine this question, we calculated the number of courses that had been reduced before and after re-accreditation, to clarify the macroscopic reality, and then conducted a statistical analysis of the actual situation of universities that had reduced the number of courses. The results showed that the number of courses decreased before and after re-accreditation. However, when the types of courses that decreased were checked individually, it was found that the determining factor for the decrease was analysis of demand for employment. In addition, statistical analysis of the management indicators and university characteristics of the universities that reduced the number of programs revealed that some universities were forced to exit after re-accreditation, while others actively tried to participate. In other words, the risk to the significance of the open system due to the re-accreditation system is not a quantitative decrease in the number of programs, but rather a qualitative problem brought about by the shrinkage of the attributes of training programs., 本稿は，JSPS 科研費JP24531068， JP15K13205， JP16H02067， JP16H03780， JP18K18651， JP19H00619， JP20H01643， JP20J14673の助成を受けた成果の一部である。

The purpose of this study is to explain the temporal changes in the attitudes of university faculty members in Japan from three aspects: age, period, and cohort. Many previous studies have examined whether the actual situation and consciousness of university faculty members have changed while the changing environment and surroundings in higher education. However, there is still a problem in interpreting all such changes as differences at the time of the survey, because it is impossible to deny the possibility that the actual conditions and attitudes of university teachers may have changed due to factors other than differences at the time of the survey. Therefore, this paper clarifies how teaching and research orientation changed from the three aspects of age, period, and cohort. As a result of the analysis, secondary changes were estimated as age effects, while there were no changes as period and cohort effects. In light of these results, it is suggested that what has been interpreted in previous studies as differences between the two surveys is, in fact, merely an accumulation of changes in the actual conditions and attitudes of university faculty due to changes in age., 本研究は，JSPS 科研費JP18K18651・JP19H00621・JP20H01643・JP20J14673の助成を受けた成果の一部である。

本稿は、日本における伝統的商業集積である商店街に関する代表的研究のレビューにもとづき、その視点の重心変化を踏まえた体系化を試みるものである。自然発生的な商業集積は、世界各地で観察される現象である。商業集積は経済的交換の場であるにとどまらず、地域固有の文化や社会、歴史を反映した特徴が埋め込まれた性格をもつ。商店街の発生は近代に遡り、その後各地に広がりを見せ、地域社会の重要なインフラとしての役割を果たしてきた。そのような経緯からも、商店街は流通・商業の学術領域において重要な研究対象として位置付けられてきた。商店街を巡る諸問題は流通・商業に関する公共政策の重点分野のひとつとして捉えられてきた。その一方、公共政策による支援・調整が施されてきたにもかかわらず、1960年代以降、日本国内の商店街の多くは長期低落傾向に陥り、今日に至るまでその出口は見出されていない。現代の商店街を巡る問題は、従来の流通・商業の視点のみでとらえることが非常に困難となっている。まちづくりの問題は商業のみの問題に留まらず、複合的な都市問題となっていることがその主な理由である。したがって、より広範かつ総合的な商店街問題を捉える必要がある。このような視座は、近年のひとつの大きな研究潮流でもある。本稿の目的は、商店街の長期的衰退と近年における環境不確実性の増加を念頭に置き、戦後の商店街をめぐる流通・商業の研究領域における論点と研究の展開を先行研究に基づいて体系化することである。本稿では、まず商業集積をめぐる原初的議論および日本の商店街の生成・衰退という歴史的過程の整理を踏まえ、流通・商業領域の代表的な学術研究やそれらの主要な論点を概観し、その系譜の体系的把握をおこなう。本稿における一連の議論は、商業集積の理論と商店街に関する学術研究に共通して見られる経済的合理性から社会的有用性への認識深化という過程が観察された点を強調する。このことは、商業集積の一般的性格と同様、日本の商店街も社会変動の産物であることを示し、まちを形成するさまざまな構成要素、そして経済、社会、文化とそれらの史的発展経路などに関わる複雑な要因を包含する総合的な視座が必要となることを示唆しているといえよう。

In this study, we investigated the effects of individual differences in working memory (WM) capacity and the timing of the presentation of audiovisual information on the listening comprehension of L2 texts．In the experiment, an advanced class of Chinese learners of the Japanese language were separated into four groups according to their verbal and visuospatial WM capacities. Three texts were used as listening materials. Each text was auditorily presented with visual information (a graph) seven seconds ahead of, later, or simultaneously. The learners were required to complete false/true and free recall tests after they had listened to each text. We found that for learners with a high verbal WM capacity, the visuospatial WM capacity and the timing of the presentation of audiovisual information affected their comprehension and memory of the text. For example, in the false/true judgment test, which requires overall comprehension of the text, higher visuospatial WM capacity led to a higher correct rate; in the free recall test, which requires memory for details, learners with high visuospatial WM capacity had a higher correct recall rate when the visual material was presented ahead of the audio text than simultaneously. Those with low visuospatial WM capacity had a higher correct recall rate when visual information was presented simultaneously with the audio text than later. For learners with a low verbal WM capacity, the results of the two tests did not differ significantly. These results showed that the efficiency of the timing of the presentation of audiovisual information differed depending on the listener’s WM capacity.

In this study, we examined efficient shadowing methods for advanced class of Chinese learners of Japanese in terms of pre-task and number of trials. Two factors were set up as independent variables. The first factor was the sensory modality in presentation of the pre-task, consisting of visual or auditory presentation. The second factor was the number of shadowing trials, with three levels: one, two, and three trials. As the pre-tasks, participants were instructed to read Japanese sentences with “whispering-to-oneself" when being presented visually (visual pre-task) or listen to Japanese sentences when being presented auditorily (auditory pre-task). After doing the pre-tasks, the participants shadowed the same Japanese sentences three times, and were asked to orally recall the sentences at the end of shadowing. Fluency and accuracy of Japanese sentences in both shadowing and oral recall were adopted as dependent variables. The results showed that visual pre-task improved oral recall performance after shadowing more than auditory pre-task. It was also suggested that shadowing fluency improved after three trials of shadowing. The visual pre-task may enhance both phonological and semantic memory of the shadowing material, resulting in better playback performance. Based on these findings, the visual pre-task followed by three shadowing sessions may be one of the most effective learning methods of Japanese sentences for advanced class of Chinese learners of Japanese.

大気球シンポジウム 2022年度（2022年11月7-8日. ハイブリッド開催（JAXA相模原キャンパス& オンライン)), Balloon Symposium 2022 (November 7-8, 2022. Hybrid(in-person & online) Conference (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 18名, 資料番号: SA6000177004, レポート番号: isas22-sbs-004

In this study, we review the trends and issues of EBPM. Based on the argument that previous discussion on this topic has not been in harmony, we reviewed the evidence from two perspectives and EBPM from three. The findings of the study are as follows. In Japan, higher education is more easily influenced by policy than primary and secondary education. In addition, higher education research has developed by being closely related to policy. Therefore, EBPM is a particularly important topic in the field of higher education, and more policy-focused research is expected to be accumulated in the future. Finally, this paper presents issues that need to be addressed in higher education research., 本研究はJSPS科研費20J14673の助成を受けた成果の一部である。また，本研究推進に際し，JSPS科研費JP18K18651・JP19H00621・JP20H01643の資金提供を受けた。

application/pdf, シトリニン（CIT）は，腎毒性を有するマイコトキシンで，麦類やチーズやベニコウジカビ色素などを汚染している．日本ではベニコウジ色素中CIT濃度200 µg/kg以下との規格が定めされている．そこで，高感度かつ簡便なCITの測定法の開発を目的として抗CITモノクローナル抗体の作製を行った．CIT-KLHでBALB/cマウスとCB6F1マウスを各12匹をそれぞれ3回免疫した結果，それぞれのマウスで1匹ずつ2匹のマウスでCITに対する抗体価の上昇を確認した．抗体価の上昇の認められたマウスの脾臓細胞を常法で細胞融合を行った．HAT選択後，クローニングを行い安定な抗CITモノクローナル抗体産生ハイブリドーマCIT.6とCIT.7を得た．CIT.6抗体を用いた至適化した競合的間接ELISAで0.3 µg/mLまでのCITを検出可能であった．本法を用いて，食品中などのCITの高感度かつ簡易検査法の確立が期待される．, Citrinin (CIT) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin that contaminates barley, cheese, and Monascus color. In Japan, there is the regulation that the CIT concentration in Monascus color is less than 200 µg/kg. Therefore, we prepared anti-CIT monoclonal antibody for the purpose of developing a highly sensitive and simple analyzed method for CIT in these. Twelve BALB/c mice and 12 CB6F1 mice were immunized with CIT-KLH three times each, and as a result, an increase in the antibody titer against CIT was confirmed in each of the one mouse. The mouse spleen cells were fused by standard methods. After HAT selection and cloning, we obtained stable anti-CIT monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas CIT.6 and CIT.7. Optimized competitive indirect ELISA using CIT.6 antibody was able to detect CIT up to 0.3 µg/mL. It is expected that a highly sensitive and simple analyzed method for CIT in foods will be established.

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of measurement using Item Response Theory (IRT) in the case of university governance. The main conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows: First, unidimensionality and local-independence were not satisfied. In other words, the research revealed that 32 items consisted of several subordinate concepts. Second, all 32 items cannot be treated as equivalent. Third, the governance of each university means that the concentration of authority is not important and is a combination. From these results, we can conclude that analysis from various viewpoints is necessary to clarify the effect of governance., 本稿は，JSPS科研費JP25301046（基盤研究（B），研究代表者 秦由美子）で収集したデータの提供を受け，使用することをご快諾いただいた。 また，本研究推進に際し，以下の資金提供を受けた。JSPS科研費JP16H03780（基盤研究（B），研究代表者 村澤昌崇）・JP18K18651（挑戦的研究（萌芽），研究代表者 村澤昌崇）・JP19H00621（基盤研究（A），研究代表者 小林信一）。

In this study, we investigated the effects of repetition trials and working memory (WM) capacity on performance when Chinese advanced Japanese learners repeated Japanese sentences. We found that four repetition trials were sufficient to improve the rate of morpheme reproduction, and three repetition trials were sufficient to improve the rate of idea unit reproduction. Learners are more likely to deepen their understanding of the sentence as the number of trials increases. Multiple repetitions also promote the connection between the meaning and the form. We also clarified that successful repetition exercises required participants with high WM capacity to repeat the sentence up to two times and for those with low WM capacity up to three or four times. Additionally, we found that there was no difference in reaction time, and there was a tendency for learners to produce utterances immediately after listening. Furthermore, in terms of fluency, four times were sufficient to improve the oral fluency, but regardless of trials, the high WM capacity group performed better than the low WM capacity group. Even if both groups were completely comprehensible, the chunks used at the time of oral reproduction may be different. We recommend that efficient learning requires learners of Japanese to repeat the same sentence and control the number of exercises according to WM capacity.

本研究では第二言語習得における中間言語の習得過程を内面的に測る調査法について考察した。これまで文法項目を対象とする習得研究では文法テストが多く用いられてきた。しかし，文法テストだけでは量的に学習者の一般的な習得状況を捉えることはできても，実際の学習者の意識を把握することができないため，学習者の中間言語の発達過程を考察することができず，回答した内容に対して母語転移と中間言語のどちらがどのように働いているのかを確実に分析することができないということが問題となっている。本研究では中国語話者のテイル形の習得研究を対象としてその調査法について考察を行った。その結果，文法テストとFIは相補的に学習者の中間言語の習得過程を内面的に把握するための調査法であり、双方を同時に扱うことによって量的・質的なデータが得られ，より全面的に習得状況を把握でき，学習者の中間言語の実態をより確実に観察できることが分かった。

本稿は、大学の生産性の影響要因について、昨今関心が高まっているガバナンスを中心に検討した。その際本稿での方法論上の特徴は、「ゼロのインフレ」への対応である。本稿で扱う大学の生産性指標は、国際誌へ掲載された論文数を用いているが、特定の学問領域では外国語での発表の文化が無く、この生産性指標が「ゼロ」であるケースが多発する。この分布の偏りに適切に対応するべく、本稿ではZero-Inflated modelとHurdle modelを応用した。分析の結果、学長と教授会への権限の集中度が生産性に及ぼす影響が不透明であること、むしろ大学の歴史・規模・威信といった外形的な特徴の影響が鮮明であることが明らかとなった。この結果から、権限を一定のところに集中すれば大学がうまくいく、というような単純な“物語”は、現段階では通用しているとは言い難く、大学の実情を無視したトップダウンや、トップダウンを誤解したマイクロマネジメントで辣腕を奮っても、大学が機能するかどうかは疑わしいことが推察された。先行研究の成果も併せて考察すれば、本来ガバナンスとは、良好な環境や構成員から支持されるリーダーが生まれるような大学組織へと導くことに本質があり、権限の集散はそのような環境を作るためにこそ用いられるべきであり、大学に変化をもたらしうる数多ある要因の一つに過ぎない点についても指摘した。, In this paper, we examined the factors that influence university productivity, focusing on governance. We examined the university administrative response to zero inflation by looking at the productivity index of the universities covered in this paper. In order to cope with distribution bias, the authors used a zero-inflated model and the Hurdle model, and these analyses showed that the concentration of authority being vested in the president and faculty has had an uncertain influence on productivity. Furthermore, the study showed that external characteristics such as the history, scale, and prestige have a strong influence on the productivity of university departments. From this result, it is clear that saying a university does well based on the concentration of authority is overly simplistic and not likely to be established. It is doubtful whether universities can work successfully in a top-down or a micro-managed atmosphere. Considering the results of previous research together with the current study’s findings, it can be said that university governance is essentially a way to create a good environment and establish a leader who will be supported by students, faculty, and staff. In conclusion, university governance is only one of many factors that can bring about needed changes within a university.

application/pdf, 学位論文（Thesis）

付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム

The effect of competitive research funding mechanisms on research productivity in various disciplines was clarified. Previous studies used multivariate analyses, such as multiple regression analysis, and we built on the existing research by controlling for confounding effects using a balancing score. Typically, a propensity score is used for balancing scores, but this approach has received criticism about its external validity. Therefore, the matching sample in this study was visualized using a propensity score, which was compared with the population and the sampling data for the distribution of disciplines. The main findings of this study were as follow: first, it became clear that the matching sample analyzed using a propensity score strikingly differed from the population. Second, this problem was solved using a covariate balancing propensity score and sampling weights, which estimated the population’s average treatment effects., 本稿は、JSPS科研費JP15H03487（基盤研究(B)代表者 有本章）で収集したデータの提供を受け，使用することをご快諾いただいた。また，本研究推進に際し，以下の資金提供を受けた。JSPS科研費JP16H03780・JP18K18651（基盤研究(B)・挑戦的研究（萌芽）代表者 村澤昌崇）。

テイル形は初級に出た文法項目であるものの、中国語話者の習得は早い段階に固定され、中級や上級になっても顕著な変化が見られないとされている。本稿では特にタの誤用が多く出ている過去テンスの「進行中」と現在テンスの「結果残存」を対象として、中国語の発想と中国語話者の意識を考慮に入れテイル形を習得する際の困難点を再考察し、中国語話者の習得を妨げる要因を新たに探り、母語を活用した上で自己チェックできるルールを提案した。その結果、過去テンスの「進行中」にタの誤用が多かったのはテンスの習得ができていないためであり、対応する中国語の表現は「当时(その時)＋在」であることが分かった。一方で、現在テンスの「結果残存」に対応する「着」は日本語のテイルの意味内容と異なり、日本語の変化と結果の状態を同時に言語化することを理解させると逆に誤用になる可能性があると観察された。以上を踏まえ、タとテイルを区別するのには変化を目撃したかというルールの方が理解しやすいことを提案した。

本論文は先行研究を踏まえ，日本自身における原因として，ナショナリズムと戦争認識の関連を提示し，哲学によって戦争認識と関連思想の構成と条件を指摘する。結論を先にいうと，戦中から戦後に発生した，「精神が物質に勝つ」から「物質が精神に勝つ」への心情の逆転によって，戦後日本人の戦争認識が形成されたのである。また，明治・大正期，戦後初期とコンテクストが違う現代において，精神と物質，愛国と民主との再統合こそ今の政策課題であることを指摘したい。, 論説(Article)

蜷川府政期の京都府は，「革新」を掲げたゆえに，福祉ばかり力入れ，行政投資が少ないというのは通説となっている。しかし，先行研究が皆無の中，京都府の行政投資は検証されたことがなく，実状は不明のままである。本稿は京都府における行政投資額が，全都道府県に占める割合の変化に注目する。その上，国，府，市町村と施行主体別にわけて分析し，変化の原因をつきとめて，また事業決定の政治過程を検証する。, 論説(Article)

2015年7月18日、国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所つくばセンターで実施された一般公開において、産総研イノベーションスクールは「色が変わる化学を身近なもので感じよう」と題した化学実験イベントを出展した。本稿では、特に子ども向け化学実験のデザインや安全管理に焦点を当て、その企画と準備作業、および当日の内容について報告する。また、イノベーションスクールに所属するさまざまな専門分野のポスドクと博士後期課程学生の研究を分かりやすく紹介することを目的とした展示についても紹介する。

現在の読者の中には，蜷川府政の農政に見られる政策を当然であると感じる向きもあるかもしれない。しかし，当時を振り返れば，他府県の農政は，行政不在と言ってよい自立的思考に欠け，中央に依存する状態であった。「水平的政治競争モデル」（村松岐夫）のいう補助金分捕り合戦を行い，中央から地方への「補助金の配分機関」に過ぎなかったのである。この時代の中，蜷川虎三は調査・検討の上で農政を打ち出し，彼自身が形容したように，「行政の職人」としての役割を実践していたのである。, 論説(Article)

「空間情報」をキーワードとして環境土木工学科、建築デザイン学科の教員3 名が、平成17 年度よりゼミ間の交流を目的としてとして「空間情報勉強会」を発足した。その後、建築学科および環境土木工学科2 名の教員が加わるとともに、野々市市情報文化振興財団との協働によるカメリアキッズ、北陸地域を中心とした建設コンサルタント・測量系コンサルタントによる準天頂衛星実証実験や地上型レーザ計測マニュアルワーキンググループ（以下ワーキンググループはWG と標記）、地域企業および地域住民対象とした空間情報セミナー、音風景カタログの作成、BIM/CIM WG などが活動を開始し、平成21 年度からは活動の総称としてK.I.T.空間情報プロジェクトの名称を使用している。これらの活動すべてに学部生・大学院生が密接に関与しており、地域志向研究教育プロジェクトとして多くの成果を上げている。;K.I.T Geographic Information Project have been organized by three faculty members from the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture since 2005. The primary purpose of the project was sharing information among faculty members. After a few years , the project members were increased and project field was enlarged such as experiments of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System and Terrestrial Laser Scanner Working Group(WG), and engaged in the Nonoichi City and architectural and survey consultant companies. We also provide the Geographic Information seminars for local residents and companies, produce the brochure of sound-scape, adds BIM/CIM WG. We have renamed the project as “K.I.T. Geographic Information” from 2009. All project activities are organized by undergraduate and master students and contribute to the development of regional education.

The Russo-Japanese War, fought over control of Korea and Manchuria, erupted in February 1904 and concluded in September 1905 with the Treaty of Portsmouth, which declared Japanese victory. This laid the groundwork for the Japanese invasion of Korea and Manchuria. As Sakai Toshihiko recalls, it was right around the Russo-Japanese War that “the Japanese socialist movement took its first great leap.” It hardly bears repeating that the driving force behind this leap was the positioning of socialists as “anti-war.” However, this cannot be fully understood by looking merely at the level of socialist movements, for it was also intertwined with the reorganization of the Japanese-language media landscape. Competitions for sales unfolded in the Japanese-language media market where the dynamics of capital were already taking precedence. Media outlets fought to obtain information with greater speed than their competitors, and, with mass printing systems at their disposal, aimed for larger readerships. It was at this time, in publications like the weekly Heimin Shinbun (Commoner’s News), which took it upon itself to spread the anti-war “gospel,” and its successor, the weekly magazine Chokugen (Straight Talk), which reported on the Russian Revolution, that “a new form of socialist evangelism” emerged as a means for transmitting information, a form that could even be called bizarre when the media conditions of the time are taken into account: the “peddlers of socialist gospel.” Pivoting on the issue of the body as a form of mobile media, this paper considers the formation of “Russia” as a signifier in Japanese-language media of this period, together with the question of who constituted the heimin (commoner) as both transmitter and receiver of information as imagined by Heiminsha (the publisher of Heimin Shinbun). Moreover, by drawing attention to the fact that it was “the people” [minshū] of “Japan” who excluded anti-war discourse on the Russo-Japanese War from media spaces, I interrogate the dynamics of discrimination inherent in the concept of “proletariat = heimin” constructed in the translations of Sakai Toshihiko, Kōtoku Shunsui, and others.

馬然（著）尹芷汐（訳）

本研究は大学生の発達障害の特性と不登校傾向との関連について検討することを目的とした。無記名自記式の質問紙調査を行い，分析対象者は284名であった。クラスタ分析の結果，全ての尺度において困難を頻繁に感じている群の学生は，登校回避傾向が最も高かった。重回帰分析の結果，「不注意」が「登校回避行動」に影響を与え，「不安・抑うつ」「不注意」が「登校回避感情」に影響を与えることが示された。対人関係や心理的問題に限らず，学生の自己管理能力にも注目して関わることが，不登校の学生支援において有効である可能性が示唆された。, The purpose of this study was to disclose the relationship between developmental disabilities and school avoidance tendencies in university students. Data of 284 university students who answered questionnaires anonymously were analyzed. As a result of the cluster analysis, students who frequently feel difficulty in all measures had the highest school avoidance tendencies. As a result of the multi-regression analysis, it was indicated that “carelessness” had influence on “attitudes of school avoidance tendency”, and that “anxiety and depression” and “carelessness” had influence on “feelings of school avoidance tendency”. Focusing on the students’ self-management abilities as well as interpersonal relationships and psychological problems is suggested to be effective when supporting students with school avoidance tendencies.

グローバル人材育成の一環として，日本人大学生の海外留学を促進させるべく多くの留学プログラムが高等教育機関では提供されている。しかし，国内での国際交流も，グローバル人材育成において重要な役割を担っている。本研究では，「内向き志向」と国際交流について検討した。国際交流における問題や利点について検討し，「内向き」と「外向き」な大学生を比較検討した。その結果，国際交流の意思と経験には差がなかった。しかし，「内向き」な大学生は，留学生との文化の違いや留学生とかかわることに対する不安が高く，その一方で，「外向き」な大学生は，国際感覚や就職に役立つ経験を，国際交流を通して得ることができると感じていた。国際交流を促す際，国際交流の良さや注意点について十分に情報提供し，特に「内向き」な大学生の不安を和らげることの重要性が示唆された。, Higher education institutions are offering many study abroad programs for Japanese university students for them to build their global talents. However, international exchange programs with international students in Japan are also thought to play an important role in building Japanese students’ global talents. In this study, the relationship between inward-oriented students and international exchange was discussed. The problems and merits of international exchange were examined, and inward-oriented students and outward-oriented students were compared. There were no differences in their willingness or in their experiences of international exchange. However, inward-oriented students felt more anxious about the difference in cultures and about having relationships with international students. On the other hand, outward-oriented students thought that they will be able to build their international sensibility through international exchange and that it will be an experience which will help them with their career. The importance of presenting the students with enough information about the good aspects and cautions of international exchange is emphasized especially to decrease the anxiousness of inward-oriented students.

青年期に初めて精神科を受診する発達障害は多くが高機能であるが，二次障害（併存症）が問題となることが多い。早期に何らかの症状を呈していなかったであろうか。今回われわれは，メンタルヘルス問題をかかえて受診した，発達障害症例73例（男性47例，女性26例）について，過去の心身医学的症状の有無や変遷について調査した。過去の情報が入手できた42例では，59.5％が幼少期に心身症症状を呈していた。心身症症状は多くが青年期になると，抑うつ等の精神症状に変化していた。また，過去に治療を受けた症例の多くは，青年期の適応が良好であった。幼少期の心身症症状などのサインを発見し，早期に介入することで，青年期の二次障害を防ぐことができる可能性が示唆された。, Most young patients with developmental disorders who consult psychiatrists for the first time during their adolescence may not have mental weakness, but there is high possibility that they may be suffering from comorbidities. We investigated the presence and transition of past psychosomatic symptoms of 73 patients (47 male and 26 female) with developmental disorders. Past information was available in 42 cases, and 59.5% of them had psychosomatic symptoms in their childhood. The symptoms changed for depressive symptoms in many cases. Many cases treated in the past showed good adaptation during their adolescence. Finding psychosomatic symptoms during childhood and intervening at an early time may prevent secondary psychiatric symptoms in their adolescence.

近年，大学生のうつは増加傾向にあり，学校生活にも大きな影響を及ぼす。また，早期にうつ病を発症すると，その後も再発しやすく，慢性的な経過をたどる。そのために，大学メンタルヘルスの現場において，抑うつ症状の早期発見と早期治療は極めて重要である。そこで，本研究では，抑うつ症状の程度によって，BDI-IIの各項目得点に違いがあるかを検討した。その結果，自殺念慮，悲しみや喜びの消失，罪責感，活力喪失といった項目が高得点の場合には，総得点が有意に高くなることが明らかになった。また，これらの項目で高得点を示した新入生は，全体の約１％であった。今回の検討から，総得点だけでなく，自殺念慮や悲しみ，喜びの消失，罪責感，活力喪失などの項目にも注目して検討し，早期の支援につなげていく必要があると考えられた。, In recent years, the number of university students with depression is increasing, and depressive symptoms have substantial impact on school life. Additionally, the early onset of depression is more likely to relapse and have a chronic course. Therefore, early detection and treatment of depressive symptoms are extremely important. We examined whether there were significant differences in item scores of BDI-II among the degrees of depressive symptoms. Results showed that the total score is significantly higher when the scores of suicidal thoughts, sadness, loss of pleasure, guilty feelings, and loss of energy are high. About one percent of the freshmen reported high scores in these items. Our study suggested importance of paying attention to the items such as suicidal thoughts, sadness, loss of pleasure, guilty feelings, and loss of energy.

日本では約５人に１人が入眠困難，中途覚醒，早朝覚醒などの睡眠の問題を抱えていることが報告されている。大学生においても生活が深夜型化しており，睡眠の問題を主訴にメンタルヘルス相談を希望する学生が増加している。われわれは，本学の教養科目を受講した大学生を対象に，睡眠に関するアンケート調査を実施した。多くの学生が，睡眠時間の不足や日中の眠気，睡眠の質への不満を感じていた。不眠障害はうつ病の発症や不登校への関与も報告されており，身体面や精神面への影響は大きい。大学生活への適応が困難となる事例もあるため，大学メンタルヘルスにおいても，学生に対して不眠障害に関する知識や情報の提供，早期の支援が必要であると思われる。, It is reported that twenty percent of Japanese people suffer from sleeping problems such as difficulty getting to sleep, arousal during sleep, and early-morning awakening. This is also thought to be true with university students who tend to have life styles that last through the night. The number of university students who come for mental health consultations about their sleeping problems are increasing. A questionnaire about sleep was conducted to university students in a class. Many students felt that they did not have enough sleep, felt sleepy during the day, and was unsatisfied with the quality of their sleep. Insomnia disorder is said to be related to depression and school refusal, and its physical and mental effects are significant resulting in, for example, difficulty adapting to campus life. On campus, it would be important to provide the students with appropriate information about insomnia disorders, and to offer early support.

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グローバル人材育成の一環として留学生の派遣が推進されているが,海外留学する日本人学生数は,2004年をピークに減少し続けている。留学を阻害する要因として,留学費用や留学時期以外に,若者の「内向き志向」が問題視されている。そこで,本研究では,「内向き志向」と留学の関係について検討した。「内向き志向」を「内向性」と捉え,留学に関して,内向群と外向群の差について検討した。外向群に比べ,内向群に留学意思はなく,海外での生活や対人関係,語学力不足,留学先の教育レベルの高さなどをより問題視していた。「内向き」な学生の不安を軽減するような留学に関する情報提供により,海外留学は促進されると考えられた。, The number of Japanese university students who study abroad has been decreasing since 2004. Other than the cost and time of studying abroad, Japanese students being inward-oriented is said to be influencing the decrease of students studying abroad. In this study, the relationship between inward-oriented students and studying abroad is discussed. Compared to outward-oriented students, inward-oriented students did not want to study abroad. They were anxious about living abroad, relationships abroad, language barrier, and the level of education abroad. It was thought that the number of Japanese students studying abroad would increase by giving inward-oriented students information which will relieve their anxiousness.

若者のインターネット使用は,年々頻度・量ともに増加している。インターネットは情報収集やコミュニケーションの重要なツールになっているが,一方で依存やトラブルなどの問題が指摘されている。われわれは,大学生のインターネット使用の実態を把握し,今後の対策につなげることを目的として,質問紙による調査を行った。大学生の21.9%がインターネットに関するトラブルを経験しており,ネット上の中傷や対人関係問題のトラブルが4割近くにのぼった。依存傾向の強い群では,抑うつや不安,孤立感といったメンタルヘルス上の問題が多く認められ,友人関係問題を多く抱えていた。適正な使用のための予防教育とともに,精神症状の増悪と依存との悪循環が形成される前に早期に介入していくことが重要であると思われた。, In recent years, the Internet has become important tool to get information and the communication. However, Internet addiction and troubles with the Internet use has been reported. We performed questionnaire survey for university students. 21.9% students experienced a trouble about the Internet. And the Internet dependent group had more mental problems such as depression, anxiety, sense of isolation, and friend-related problem. Preventive education for appropriate Internet use and the early intervention to a mental symptom are important.

本研究の目的は,自殺で配偶者を亡くした遺族が自殺発生直後から間もない時期に,いつ,誰から,どのような情報を,どのような方法で提供されることを望んでいるのかを明らかにすることである。フォーカス・グループ・インタビューを3回実施した結果,自殺と判明した直後以降で,警察や行政窓口をはじめとする既存の専門家や関係者が遺された配偶者の対応をした時に,遺族の苦しさに配慮した手厚い対応が求められた。特に,遺された妻が,「最も身近にいながら夫を死に追いやった妻」として強い責めを受けたり,夫の生前からの困難や新たに生じた課題を一手に抱え込んだりする傾向がある。そのため,先に同じ経験をした遺族や,充分な研修を受け遺された配偶者の気持ちと解決策を熟知した専門家が,遺された配偶者と一緒に動き,困難を解決するため橋渡しをすることが有効な場合がある。今後も続柄に着目した調査が必要である。, The purpose of this study was to ascertain bereaved spouses' preferences with respect to the timing of receiving information, who should provide this information, the kind of information given, and methods of receiving the information in the period immediately after the suicide. Focus group interviews were held three times, and these revealed that survivors wanted existing specialists in the police, government agencies, and other institutions to deal with them courteously and take their suffering into consideration when responding to them in the period immediately after the suicide. In particular, bereaved widows tended to be severely condemned in terms such as "his wife was the person closest to him, but she drove him to suicide," and had to deal alone with the difficulties their husbands were facing during life, as well as new issues that arose later. For this reason, it may be effective for other bereaved individuals who had previously undergone the same experience, or well-trained specialists familiar with the feelings of bereaved family members and the ways of resolving problems, to work with the bereaved spouse or surviving family members and act as intermediaries in resolving these difficulties. Further studies that focus on relationships are required., 論文(Article)