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The phenomenon of those without religion, represented by the designation without religion, occupies the third highest percentage of religious identification in Brazil. In the 2010 Census, people with no religion represented 8.04%, corresponding to more than 15 million individuals. The scope of this article is people without religion without religion, which we designate as without religion with belief. Our objective is to highlight some signs of weakening of the religious heritage that have repercussions on the phenomenon of the non-religious. To this end, we approach urbanization as an aspect that contributed to the weakening of the religious heritage, because it favored the recomposition of collective memory and dynamized the reconfiguration of identities through mobility and displacement. Furthermore, we point out the weakness of the transmission of tradition, cooperating with the recomposition of religious memory, with the reconfiguration of religious identification. Finally, we present some data and analysis of the field research carried out with undergraduate students and postgraduate students in Sciences of Religion at PUC Minas, showing the signs of weakening of the religious heritage and the recomposition of memory in those people without religion who believe. The methodology used was mixed, consisting of a theoretical framework and field research, using a structured digital questionnaire. We conclude, according to the data from the field research, that urbanization contributed to the weakening of the religious heritage, that there was precariousness in the transmission and recomposition of religious memory. Thus, we evidence the occurrence of remodeling in social and religious bonds, which manifest in the religious identification that exposes the absence of religion and the conservation of belief, in the individualization of belief and in the deinstitutionalization, as features of people without religion with belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The municipality of Jacareí, SP, presents an urban spot that houses a diversified and industrial park. This article focuses on analyzing the effect of industrial growth on the urbanization process in the city of Jacareí, SP. The study was developed considering the qualitative documentary approach and presents a theoretical study and bibliographic review. Among the results, it is observed that the process of implementing industries in the municipality constitutes an element that induces the occupation and growth of the urban area since the decline of the coffee economy at the end of the 19th century.The inauguration of President Dutra Highway in 1951 represented a new vector that started to guide the development of the municipality, whose expansion followed in the direction of the new highway and along the roads connecting the central core with Dutra. It was identified a scenario of industrial expansion and urban planning intensified by the movement towards the interior of the industry and the proximity to São José dos Campos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the word gentrification, identifies its origin and questions the abusive extension of this notion by covering what would be essential to urbanization, normalizing the positivity of urban improvement and generalizing what would be a typical phenomenon in the city of London. Remember the analysis carried out by Engels (1873) who spoke of Hausmann's "method" to describe the segregation and the transformation urban of Paris as results of the reproduction of capital in the construction industry. It analyzes why in the real estate-financial economy of the 21st century, the production of space has become much more significant and how the neoliberal orientation of planning prioritizes corporate urbanism, trivializes urban struggle and integrates local and global processes with rentierism. Criticizes the notion of gentrification as an insufficient denunciation, proposing the development of the theory of the value and the land rent for a more coherent defense of the right to the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to historicize the process of implementation and expansion of the water supply net work that took place in the city of Campo Grande, capital of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), in the period between 1921 and 2000. Dialoging with Urban History, the article discusses the relation ships between the urbanization of the capital of Mato Grosso do Sul, the growing demand for drinking water and the initiatives of the public power to meet the respective demand. Within the delimited thematicsc opeand considering the fixed chronological frame work, we highlight some technical aspects of the water supply system implemented in Campo Grande; we analyze data on the political and financial management of the servisse and presentin formation on the gradual expansion in the supply of network water. The text gives special attention to thein volvement of several public institutions in the management of water supply in the city of Campo Grande. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resumption of the State's role in urban infrastructure in recent decades has resulted in a large cycle of investments in transportation infrastructure in Brazil, particularly in RMRJ, supported mainly by federal resources. The objective of this article is to analyze this cycle of investments, highlighting the distribution of financial resources and their spatialization in the RMRJ. The lack of priority to the historical challenge of socio-spatial inequalities resulted in the concentration of investments in the capital, which, in turn, accentuated the unequal and excluding urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth in urban areas, observed in recent decades, combined with the lack of urban planning and the increase in rainfall intensity has been the reason for frequent flooding in medium and large cities. Thus, this research aims to obtain, by remote sensing, information on the evolution of land use and occupation, from the analysis of satellite images, and implement them, using the SCS Method, to provide flow hydrographs surface of the hydrographic basins inserted in the urban perimeter of the city of Londrina/PR. For this purpose, satellite images of the LANDSAT series were obtained and, soon after, a supervised classification by regions was carried out in order to obtain four distinct soil covers: exposed soil, undergrowth, dense vegetation and urbanized areas. Subsequently, after obtaining the CN values, it was possible to trace the surface runoff hietograms and hydrographs using the Alternate Blocks Method and the SCS Method, respectively. The results obtained showed that all the basins underwent an urbanization process and, consequently, an increase in the average CN and concentration time over the years. The hydrographs showed that the peak flow and the peak time were, respectively, increasing and decreasing over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, the fundamental bases of the Urbanization Theories were analyzed through the perspective of the Environmental Biotechnology, aiming to contribute to the development of urban projects that help the maintenance of life. It sought to understand how, over the years, urban dynamics had an impact in the quality of life and well-being of the population and environment. Comparatively, it was investigated how power and domination structures influenced processes of socio-environmental risk and vulnerability, thereby influenced situations of environmental injustice that are replicated since the industrial cities of the 19th century to the urban structures of today. In addition, an attempt was made to establish a parallel between the capital circulation in the cities and the production of these urban spaces as a way to serve a select group of inhabitants from the centers and from the peripheries. The analysis allowed the identification of different factors in the foundations of Urbanization Theories which are articulated with the well-being and the quality of life of the population and environment. Throughout the discussion, relevant aspects of the capital, urban structure, gentrification process, centers and centralities were detailed, showing illustrative examples on the occurrence of urban events and their respective impacts on the production of urban space and on the human and environmental life. Therefore, it was inferred that the complementarity among sciences is essential to understand the complexity of urbanization and to attend the urban planning challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current panorama that concerns the urbanization of the cities, takes place through the city-to-city migration in addition to the vegetative growth. For this, the present study seeks to carry out a population projection until the year 2040 for the municipality of Santa Isabel do Pará. For this study, IBGE data were used added to the use of statistical tools to obtain more adequate, reliable and important results. for a territorial ordering through the public management of the municipality and private companies. In this study, among the estimated demographic models for population projections in the municipality of Santa Izabel do Pará, the most convenient method among those tested in this research was the Geometric, because it presents consistent results observing the populations of the 1991 to 2010 Demographic Censuses. Also, the one that best fit the census data (1991, 2000 and 2010), observing the R² coefficient, presented a positive result of 0.98, indicating that the two variables express a strong correlation. The conception of long-term hypotheses for demographic factors is of paramount importance in the development and execution of projections, as it indisputably contributes to the excellence and accuracy of the applied model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the territorial aspects of the sugar-energy sector (i.e., producer of both sugarcane and derivatives) in small urban centers in the region named Triângulo Mineiro (west of the State of Minas Gerais). These urban centers correspond to the seats of municipalities which have experienced a significant expansion of planting and industrial production at the beginning of this century. These centers, referred to as "sugarcane towns" in this study, have become economically dependent on the sugar-energy sector. The lack of job alternatives has established a restricted routine for the local population, despite the public authorities' interest in having this sector as a driving force for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of their topology, areas located at springs are considered permanent preservation areas in Brazil. Such areas may or may not be covered by native vegetation and contribute to the conservation of local natural resources through the determination of areas that are improper for land use in order to maintain the original plant coverage. Urban environments suffer degradation due to the lack of planning and basic sanitation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the permanent preservation area on the banks of the Salgado River in the urban zone of the municipality of Aurora, state of Ceará, Brazil. A case study was conducted involving the following steps: bibliographic review, determination of the study area, selection of indicators, on-site visits, identification of problems and the presentation of a proposed solution. The results indicated that the banks of the river were highly degraded due to urbanization and the removal of vegetation. The water resource was contaminated due to the construction of houses, enterprises and a public square in the protected area and was contaminated by residential sewage and the sewage system itself as well as solid and liquid waste from means of transportation, noise pollution and light pollution, which hinder the habitation and movements of endemic animals. In conclusion, the area limits and treatments necessary for the permanent protection area stipulated by law have not been successful due to the continued process of appropriation for urbanization. Thus, human activities cause harm to the natural environment and the population itself, exposing these elements to diseases and floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern Dourados-MS has recently gone through a urbanization process, housing in this area closed wall subdivisions, intended for owners with high purchasing power. This article aims to understand the land context that preceded the incorporation of closed wall subdivisions and the role of social factors involved in this process, as well as to understand the concentration of this real-state project model in this area of the city. For this purpose, a documentary research was carried out methodologically as a way of identifying the processes that preceded the incorporation of the subdivisions. Then, an approach that used the Kernel density estimation was used to create density and concentration maps of closed subdivisions in the city of Dourados. Finally, a documentary investigation was carried out at both the real estate registry office and the City Hall of Dourados. The results of this study allowed the elaboration of maps and graphs, theoretically evaluating the abundance of land development in the northern portion, as well as the concentration of real-state projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the housing panorama in Brazil and focuses on social houses within the context of irregular occupation. Profound issues may be evidenced which are produced by environmental impact of such occupations on the sustainability of urban centers and the occurrence of urban dispersion and exclusion of the population. The importance of public policies is highlighted that aims at changing such reality to materialize the right to the city included in the Brazilian Constitution. A quality-quantity research has been undertaken on bibliographic and documental review on habitational deficit detected by the Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP) for the year 2019, selected through a case study on the occupation of the area known as Arroio do Padre in Ponta Grossa PR Brazil. A survey was obtained on the Brazilian habitational issue which revealed the interference of the scene in the sustainability of urban centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city is produced by everyone, however, it is not consumed equally. Based on this premise, this article sought to discuss the urban space of the city of Porto Seguro-Bahia and the role of tourism in the socio-spatial segregation very present in this territory. To achieve the proposed objective, a bibliographic review was carried out on the following themes: urban space, socio-spatial segregation, tourism and urbanization in Porto Seguro. Aiming to understand from what moment the city starts to be organized in tourist and non-tourist spaces, and what factors influenced the fragmentation of this space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the characteristics in the urban network of sub-regional cities, which are located between small (which do not have regional functions) and medium (which are articulated on larger scales). In Bahia, there are some cities in this group. Due to the policies of economic and administrative decentralization and deconcentration, these cities acquired new functions, when receiving state establishments of regional management. In certain cases, they have branches of companies, real estate products, etc. It is expected with this text new analyzes about these existing cities in Bahia and Brazil to advance in the elaboration of a concept or even a notion that allows a better understanding of its features, logics and articulations to avoid, from our point of view, incorrect generalizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the city of Ilhéus, Bahia, urban expansion processes are directly and indirectly related to social and environmental problems. From this perspective, the objective of this work is to identify the environmental impacts resulting from the urban expansion process in the Teotônio Vilela neighborhood. Therefore, the methodology consisted of a broad theoretical review, qualitative and quantitative information surveys (basic sanitation, water supply, electricity, sewage, garbage disposal) based on the 2010 census (IBGE, 2010 ), in addition, information on the spatial-temporal evolution of land use and occupation was also considered from maps of the neighborhood in the periods 2006, 2012, 2020, available from the Annual Mapping of Land Cover and Land Use Project in Brazil (MapBiomas, 2021) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to understand the visible elements modified in the municipality of Goioerê, during the trajectory of the extinct Agro-industrial Cooperative Goioerê Ltda - COAGEL, which from its foundation (1974), until its incorporation by the Coamo Agro-industrial Cooperative in 2012, changed the regional dynamics in which it was inserted. The methodology was acquired by the dialectical and historical materialism, through bibliographic material, as well as interviews, analysis of photographs and reports. We sought to understand the agents which propel these transformations, using the landscape as category of geographic space analysis and its close relationship with the concept of socio-spatial formation. It was concluded that there was a change in the municipality landscape, both in the urban and rural contexts, since COAGEL influenced the society as a whole, from the plantations to the spatialization of allotments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the dynamics of capital reproduction in collective housing rental market investments in Santa Ifigênia, a neighborhood in central São Paulo, during the yellow fever epidemic that hit some regions of Brazil in the late 19th century. Through the actions of Carlo Gilardi, an immigrant from Italy's Piedmont region who became an urban investor in São Paulo's rental market, the article explores the relationships between coloniality, epidemics, and strategies for controlling the urban working class. The article analyzes discourses about collective housing using primary sources such as an 1893 tenement inspection report made by a government-appointed commission, Private Works Series orders, and land transaction records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revista Temáticas interviewed Dr. Heloisa Soares de Moura Costa, professor at the Department of Geography at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Architect (UFRJ), PhD in demography (UFMG), and with extensive experience in environmental issues, Professor Heloísa Costa presents us an accurate analysis of the introduction of environmental issues in Brazilian urban planning. It is noted that despite the theoretical advances in urban planning and the incorporation of important environmental issues over the last decades, there is still a rupture between urban studies and environmental studies - which tends to be aggravated by the difficulty of effective implementation of urban planning instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban sustainability has been a recurrent theme in international forums. It is frequently addressed by consensus that proposes recipes for sustainable cities and defines global strategies to face the instabilities and uncertainties arising from the dynamics of contemporary urbanization. The legitimate global effort for a more just and responsible social and environmental development is recognized. However, generalizations result in a gradual process of historical erasure of the multiple forms of (re)existing. This is especially true in a region like the Amazon, where urbanization is historically made invisible and placed apart from development agendas. Thus, this work proposes a systematic analysis of concepts, ideas, and debates that define contemporary urban sustainability. Based on structuring literature, the aim is to support the creative process of a definition adjusted to the reality of an urbanization process that is born in a tropical forest region, economically targeted, and sociopolitically ignored. We start from the premise that urban sustainability and its praxis must be compatible with the social, historical, spatial, and temporal context. Thus, the concept is defined as a system of four dimensions : (i) science and technology, (ii) urban management, (iii) socio-environmental awareness, and (iv) urban life and nature. This last dimension is the integrating link that repositions the other dimensions in the context of the urban Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the recognition that there is an imbricated relationship between urbanization, metropolization and tourism, which, therefore, guides the analysis about the consequences of the pandemic of COVID-19 on the tourism of São Paulo and Baixada Santista. More than simply reflecting on the amounts involved, it seeks to qualify the debate beyond a supposed cause and effect relationship, considering the complexity underlying the theme and the case studies. Assuming that the urban context between São Paulo and Baixada Santista has many parallels in Brazil and in the world, this study contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of tourism in complex metropolitan dynamics. The development of certain practices under the umbrella of "pandemic tourism" indicates an accommodation in the narrative and dynamics of tourism today, despite the seriousness and uncertainties about the consequences of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compensatory measures are those designed to offset negative environmental impacts and may be carried out voluntarily by those responsible for these impacts and/or required by the competent environmental agency. Therefore, this study aimed to make a qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the success of increasing road afforestation with resources from compensatory measures, in eight neighborhoods in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The results showed that about half of the seedlings planted by that measure were absent. The analysis of 112 streets showed the presence of 2,139 trees of the legal measure, and around 30% of the trees require maintenance. Such information can be useful for planning the city's road afforestation, supporting the taking of actions to be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with peace of mind as a personality right, highlighting the challenges of its guarantee in the Brazilian urbanistic scenario and emphasizing the most recent challenge posed by the positivization of slabs. The purpose of the research is to clarify the difficulties faced by the exercise of the right to quiet enjoyment, especially in informal urban settlements, analyzed from different perspectives, but concomitantly ratifying the existence of this guarantee to the persona. An analysis is made of the fact that the abstraction attributed to the fight against the disturbance of quiet enjoyment and the context in which this institute is inserted do not remove the credibility given to the spirit of man, which cannot be forgotten or compromised by the lack of planning and physical structure of the cities. The methodology used in the composition of this research is predominantly based on the theoretical study of doctrine, jurisprudence, and the impact caused by the change in the Civil Code with the introduction of the right of slab to the list of real rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butterflies (Lepidoptera), because they are colorful and easy to see, are great flags for conservation. In addition, they are good environmental indications and useful in monitoring ecosystems. The objective of this study was to carry out an analysis of the composition, richness and abundance of butterflies from Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden (MHNJB) of UFMG, relating these parameters with a seasonality. The collections were carried out bimonthly for 12 months (between June 2016 and June 2017). Each sampling was carried out for two days using entomological nets in each of the four predetermined areas for a total of 48 hours of sampling. 571 butterflies of 95 species were collected, 40 singles and 14 doubles. Abundance and richness do not vary between months (F = 1,227, p = 0,337; F = 1,134, p = 0,378, respectively) or between seasons (F = 0,749, p = 0,88; F = 1,045, p = 0,327, respectively). It already has a composition of different species between months (p = 0,003) and between seasons (p = 0,017). An unstabilized species accumulation curve, identified, as there are more species to be sampled in woods (T1, T2, T3 e T4) of the Museum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Goiás, the genesis of the urban network, in the sense understood by Corrêa (1994), is linked to structural changes related to the economic reintegration of the state with the Southeast region of Brazil occurred mainly from the first decades of the 20th century. These changes promoted a new dynamic for the urbanization process and consequently influenced the structuring of the state urban network. In this sense, based on bibliographical research and the survey of secondary data, the objective of this text is to present a synthesis of aspects of urbanization and the structuring of the urban network in the state of Goiás between the 1940s and 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the current territorial characteristics of the Brazilian Center- North-Amazon region, based on the Cerrado and the Amazon Forest, identifying the elements that outline the capitalist frontier in this early 21st century. It highlights the way that medium-sized cities have served the capitalist precepts in the recent process of urbanization of the region and seeks to relate the transformations that occurred in the Cerrado territory from the modernization imposed by capitalism, through an urban restructuring through which the Midwest region. It has been going through the process of expanding the economic frontier over the Amazon since the mid-twentieth century, also highlighting the urban restructuring of the eastern Amazon. It starts from the understanding that the Brazilian State fits the demands of the world capitalism through the implantation of the urban-industrial model. The urbanization of this region, the result of regional development policies implemented mainly after the 1940s, became a viable action of this condition and the state arrangements allow investing in infrastructure, creating planning agencies and providing population migratory flows towards the cities that polarize in the territory, concentrating surplus of cheap labor and boosting urbanization in the Amazon. The approach method is the Historical and the detached analysis is the Dialectic, and this work is the partial result of a research component of the projects "PGPSE/CAPES Territorial Development and Sociobiodiversity: perspectives for the Cerrado world" and "PROCAD/CAPES Territory, Environment and Rural-Urban- Regional Dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns the practical application, in a medium city neighborhood in the central-western region of Brazil, of six parameters to support urban vitality: permeability, variety, legibility, versatility, appropriate image, and perceptual wealth, as developed by Bentley & Alcock (1999). The methodological strategy addressed the theoretical framework and the reality of the neighborhood with the support of geotechnologies and urban records. The proposed interventions exercise a combination of urban design instruments, intending to implementing elements of vitality, so reverse the current situation of urban stagnation and social segregation of the place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the leading articulators of Demography's contributions to the understanding adaptation to environmental changes was Daniel Hogan. Throughout decades of research, the author has presented theoretical and methodological approaches that have gained centrality in the understanding of the population and environment relationship in the context of emerging global environmental changes. In this article, we discuss these elements using three main issues. Initially, we discussed the uses of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation from a Human Sciences perspective. Secondly, we explore the interface between conceptual and methodological perspectives in two case studies, Santos and Ilha Comprida, both located in the coastal zone of the State of São Paulo. Finally, we outline some perspectives from qualitative studies for understanding the concepts, dialoguing with the direct and indirect contributions of Daniel Hogan. The article points to the importance of dialogue between vulnerability, resilience, adaptation studies, and demographic studies' potential contributions in this area. Based on the analyzed case studies, we emphasize mechanisms of adaptation of different population groups to environmental changes and the role of the urbanization process as one of the critical elements for comprehending both the risks and constraints that affects populations and their possibilities of response to environmental changes. At the scale of the place, we observe a wide diversity, both in risk perception and coping strategies, which affect resilience and vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was the analysis about the institute of the gated community of lots, that was legalized by article 58 of Law 13.465, of July 11, 2017. The scope of research was restricted to the municipality of Lapa/PR, since this new gated community species has high applicability in such municipality. However, the creation of gated community of lots in a disorderly way in the city will lead to the appearance of ills that may be incorrigible in the future. Therefore, there's a need for regulation, through the municipal councilors, when making use of the Municipality's Master Development Plan, as well as the Zoning Law of Land Use and Occupation, among many urban regulations of the municipality, establishing boundary rules, based on technical studies, to the areas subject to the applicability of gated community of lots, as well as their acceptable extension. However, it's important that in establishing such norms, the legislator has suficient input, being aware of the situacion about reality of the municipality and also of the entire environment in wich it is integrated, in other words, it's necessary firstly to observe the relationship between the countryside and the city in a generic way, in order to analyze the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba and observe how integrated the municipality of Lapa/PR is, to the nucleus, or to the other municipalities, and subsequently to restrict in the factual observation of the current reality of the municipality. In this way, we come to the consideration that, for the effective application of the gated community of lots to the city of Lapa/PR, it's necessary that the legislator looks for the search of the intrinsic integration of the municipality, verifying the relations between municipal public power, incorporators of gated community of lots and, mainly, the citizens in general. Lastly, it is necessary to have an incessant promotion and pursuit to put into practice an ideal of neighborhood, integrating all the people of the city to the residents of the gated community of lots, wich allows the municipality to achieve what all residents want: quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of municipalities of Piauí and Ceará that extract carnauba dust, comparing it in the years in which the rainfall was similar and evaluates the growth rates of the economic activity and municipal population. For this purpose, the NDVI/MODIS images were used on the Embrapa website, pluviometry data, from National Institute for Space Research, ande economic and demographic variables, from Demographic Census. The images revealed suppression of vegetation in some localities, and this is due to the increase of the urbanization or the productive scale. Thus, it is important to monitor these areas to establish adequate public policies for the conservation of native vegetation, considering the risk of carnaúba removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed at proposing a simple criterion for estimates on volume sizing for detention reservoir considering different return periods and occupational scenarios, based on Fortaleza city's IDF relationship (intensity-duration-frequency) of critical rainfall events, presenting mathematical regression formulations linking those variables. A theoretical background was made to support problems related to urbanization in the natural hydrologic cycle, and relating all needed variables for the expeditious sizing. Thus, the detention reservoir was detailed, with its characteristics and places where it can be applied and its pre-sizing method being explained. On the methodology, the envelope curve method was adopted to estimate the exceeding volume which was used for sizing the detention reservoir. Software MATLAB® was used to solve the resulting equation, yielding 60 durations and 60 water line heights, from a combination of 10 occupational rates and 6 return periods. For example, for a contribution area of 40 hectares, impervious area of 70% and return period of 25 years, the detention reservoir needs the capacity of about 18.000 m2 to meet the assumed pre-sizing flow rate. This paper's result showed up to be potentially useful for the urban drainage design planning phase in several areas in Fortaleza city, in which the occupational rate and the return period can be varied according to the designer's will. In addition to that, this method can be adapted to other areas once their IDF curve is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological studies with an emphasis on bird diversity in urban areas are important since new records may mean an expansion of their geographic range, and amplify knowledge of the biological role of these communities. We aimed to evaluate the bird community in an urbanized environment in the municipality of Goiania, Goiás State. During the period of september 2005 to august 2006, data were collected monthly through a quantitative and qualitative survey, corresponding to 12 months of collection, 216 hours of sampling and considering the method of “fixed listening point count”. A total of 123 species from 40 families and 6,314 individuals were recorded, and the estimated richness according to Jack-knife1 = 134 showed that a significant portion of the avifauna was sampled. Resident species represented (48%) and Probable Resident species (42%) totaled 90%, and the 12 species (10%) were considered Occasional or Overflying. Four species were classified in the “high sensitivity” category: Aramides cajaneus, Orthopsittaca manilatus, Aratinga auricapillus and Eucometis penicillata. Insectivorous species predominated (n = 30%), omnivorous (n = 27%) and low sensitivity (75.6%), as expected in urban areas. Nevertheless, the study environment proved to be an important conservation area because it provides avifauna environments for resting, feeding and nesting even in an urbanized area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the following scientific article presents an analysis of the urbanization of Florianópolis at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century as the final work of the discipline of History of Santa Catarina. The research seeks to reflect on the increase in poverty in Florianópolis during the years of urban reforms, based on newspaper sources, travel reports and historiographical discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in anthropogenic sources identified in the processes of urban expansion, suppression of vegetation, soil sealing, changes in the drainage cycle and their influence on the diversity of environmental systems are characterized as aspects that can generate negative environmental impacts. From this theme, it is necessary to develop techniques that make possible the comprehension of the temporal extension of these modifications. Since then, the proposal for the use of more specific geoindicators has been widely considered within the scientific community as a method to aid in the recognition of the probable changes identified in the landscape, space and temporal scales that can contribute to the identification of probable environmental impacts and/or in the planning of mitigating actions. Thus, the present article aimed to understand the role of geoindicators in the identification of probable changes originating from anthropogenic actions in urbanized environments. In addition, it proposes to present and discuss the different proposals of geoindicators that can be used in the identification of hydrogeomorphological modifications diagnosed in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study intends to assess the creation of a linear park in an area of permanent urban preservation. In order to authorize the use of the area as a subject of study, it was necessary to consult the New Forest Code and the Master Plan. After delimiting the space, the existing vegetation in a low plant was positioned. During the process of mapping, it was observed the presence of slopes, and possible ways of using the site by the community were analyzed. Based on this information we divided the area to better position the plants and the structures. The landscaping project uses plants that will adapt better to the environment and assessed structures that will provide leisure and recreation. The purpose of the implementation of the park is to protect the permanent preservation area, creating an environment that brings the population closer to environmental education and provides a venue for sports, enhancing thus the well-being of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approaches the urbanization of Barra da Tijuca through discursive elaborations of architecture professionals. Its threshold lies in landscape projects of real estate enterprises that shed light on networks of social relations and categories of thought of agents of the expansion of Rio de Janeiro towards its West Zone. Displaying centrality in the examined statements, the category "landscape" indicates disparate perspectives on public and private, and natural and built, in the basis of spatial transformations. As a result, this approach unveils the presence of conceptual conflicts in the city's social dynamics of construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian Amazon is a fertile space for the re (production) of urbanization in an expanded and fragmented way. The study aims to discuss the emergence of the urban on the Amazon frontier, taking as a case study the urban centers of the municipality of Rorainópolis-RR. It is a space significantly affected by the policies of colonization and Agrarian Reform, introduced by the Federal Government since the 1970s. In this space, small nuclei emerge, with an incipient urban infrastructure that tend to evolve and become municipal headquarters. The study included data collection in the field, cluster analysis and analysis of variance. The results showed the existence of six population centers in the municipality of Rorainópolis, namely: the municipality's headquarters, and the protourban centers of Nova Colina, Ecuador, Jundiá, Martins Pereira and Boa Esperança. It was observed the existence of a hierarchy between the nuclei. This is manifested from the differentiated offer of goods and services, verified by the presence of certain equipment considered urban. The study brings relevant contributions to understand the dynamics of genesis and evolution of the urban on the Amazon frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is based on a bibliometric review aiming to provide an overview of the use of geotechnology applied to plan and management in medium-sized cities, as outlining the main trends and gaps, Scopus was selected as the key database for this study, considering its global use in the academic setting. The researched key terms appear only in 2007, evidencing the lack of papers about medium cities in highperformance journals. It was highlighted predictive models of urban sprawl and assessment of the ecological safety level of cities. Major innovations have adopted multiple satellite data sources, programming validation and optimization routines of image classifying algorithms, as well as the increment of semi-automated open and open-source processing chains. Given the various applications derived from geotechnologies, the adoption of these tools by municipal secretariats is essential to replace the archaic or inefficient territorial planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a piece of research into urbanization processes in Spain's medium-sized cities and their urban areas since 1987. The results show that the increases in their urbanized surface areas have been, in relative terms, the most important in the whole of the country's urban territory. Furthermore, this growth has been generated through less dense, more extensive forms and not only related to residential uses. The intensity and sprawling nature of these urbanization processes, particularly during Spain's 'prodigious decade of urban development' (1998-2008), have contributed to a change in the model and structure of the traditionally compact form of these cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze the current economic dynamics, the urbanization and the expansion of the lower circuit of the urban economy in Rio Grande do Norte and, specifically, on the road axis Natal-Caicó. We have adopted this road as cutting analysis due to the fact that subsystem of potiguar territory connect municipalities of the interior and the coast of the State, stand out by intercity passenger flows and be characterized by cities whose economic center is the highway that passes through, being the highway bordered by various activities of the economy not hegemonic. Our analysis is grounded in theoretical reflections on the socioeconomic dynamics of the potiguar territory and in the interpretation of statistical data regarding this dynamic and primary data resulting from field research conducted on axis Natal-Caicó. Thus, we reflect on the economic modernization of the potiguar territory, paying attention to the process of urbanization of that territory and the road axis Natal-Caicó and understated the contribution of expansion of not hegemonic economy to the process of urbanization. We conclude whereas the cities and the economy grow based on supporters of poverty structural economic activities produced by the modernization of the territory, this characteristic of the process of precarious work. As systemic response to this situation, there is the threading of the urban economy, with the lower subsystem increasingly dependent on top, as well as more permanent and receiver of workers with precarious work relations and unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This article presents the historical context of the creation of Goiânia, capital city of the state of Goiás, built in the 1930s as a symbol of the expansion of the demographic and agricultural frontier in central Brazil. The city emerged through the Pedro Ludovico Teixeira efforts, appointed state intervener by the President Getúlio Vargas. In the construction process, there was the boosters's discourse, which attributed to the promised "metropolis" the power to create good opportunities for economic growth. For this, they relied on natural resources such as rivers, the presence of rich nearby forests and the fields with a less sloping region. Methodology: The study used archival sources based on technical and memorialist reports, photographs, maps, newspapers and periodicals of the time, as well as bibliography based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Environmental History. Originality: The historiography of Central Brazil has often been analyzed from the perspective of the frontier and not from the perspective of environmental history. In this paper, we seek to appropriate these two issues, reinforcing the relationship between the rural and urban processes of the Cerrado environmental history in Central Brazil. Conclusions: The real scenario was different from the announced one, since nature was much more a barrier than a facilitating element of development. In addition, the ideals of modern urbanism were partially abandoned due to the opportunism of selling lots. Also, the growth took place, but not because of the abundance of natural resources, but because of the transfer of the capital that fed it back as it attracted new inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, more than half of the world's population lives in cities and this number is expected to reach 72% by 2050. In Brazil, the process of urbanization of the territory, usually rapid and unplanned, causes a myriad of environmental impacts. Urbanization makes the wealth and diversity of species decline. On the other hand, some species adapt to the anthropogenic environments because they obtain advantages of the urban matrix, using shelter or food available. Bats have an ecological plasticity that allows them to settle in forest remnants in the cities or directly in the built environment. In this essay, we defend the importance of medium-sized cities as spaces for the conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of urban areas is leading people to adopt cats as pets as they are better adapted to the modern lifestyle, require smaller spaces and could stand alone for longer periods compared to other animals such as dogs. However, environmental groups are concerned about the increasing population of felines in urban areas, as they believe that cats threaten the lives of wild birds and small mammals that may be extinct. This research note presents pros and cons of cats' presence in cities as how to handle them. Correct management of these animals is necessary, since the greatest environmental risk related to their presence is their uncontrolled reproduction, and consequent abandoning of undesirable pups by their tutors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, in the 1930's and 1940's, the concern with the formation of salaried class, necessary labor for the economic development of the country, is highlighted in the Brazilian social thought. Thus, internal and international migrations presented an emerging solution scarcity of workers for coffee harvesting and industry (Fordist / Taylorist model). This article analyzes migration through the debate established in Roberto Simonsen's work (1889-1948). The objective is to hold a debate based on the essay “Economic Resources and Population Movement”, published 1940. The hypothesis is that, in the author's thought, economic resources and the human factor are basic cells in the development of capitalism whose method production takes place in the industry. The methodology is guided by discourse analysis. The results and conclusions indicate that Simonsen, well ahead of his time, saw the need and state responsibility for the production of migration planning policy to improve living standards in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, 80% of Brazilian population lives in urban areas in a fragmented manner, causing environmental degradation and social inequality. Many Brazilian cities endure intense urbanization, like Campina Grande, for instance, is a medium-sized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, it undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the environmental changes that occurred in Campina Grande through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites and the years 1995, 2007 and 2014 were used in order to detect vegetation losses, using the change detection technique. Vegetation losses were perceived in all Campina Grande urban area. So, the city showed a tendency pattern: non-planned urban growth causes changes in the physical environment and in the spatial structure of the city, which reflects in people quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work objective was to verify the process of Presidente Prudente urbanization related to the unavailability of full sanitation, which was able to develop a contamination of groundwater, using as indicators of water quality, chemical and microbiological parameters such as pH, conductivity, nitrate concentration as well as fecal and total coliforms. In order to do so, the research was based in its methodology by a bibliographical analysis about the problem outlined in this work, and later developed through experimental research carried out in the peripheral regions located on the eastern zone of the city. Thus, there was obtained results that demonstrate the presence of undesirable chemical and microbiological compounds, focusing on the inadequacy of albuminous nitrogen and fecal and total coliforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evapotranspiration (ET) has great relevance in the air temperature and contributes to the climate balance in urban areas. In this context, this study aimed to estimate evapotranspiration in the city of Recife-PE in order to analyze the intraurban differences in the various types of roofing. Six digital images of the TM - Landsat 5 sensor regarding orbit 214 and points 65, 66 were used. The density of sensible heat and latent heat fluxes were calculated based on SEBAL algorithm. The evapotranspiration results were consistent when compared with values obtained by the method of FAO-Penman-Monteith, with absolute error between 0.18 and 1.23 mm d-1, minimum and maximum, respectively, and average of 0.86 mm d-1. The highest evapotranspiration rates were found in protection units and water bodies between 5.0 and 6.0 mm d-1, approximately, while in surfaces with intense constructive densification, values close to 1.0 mm d-1 were found. The methodology used consistently represented the various types of roofing and can promote a significant advance in the monitoring of the urban climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]