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The University-Business-Government cooperation, also known as triple-helix, has been identified as the most effective way to integrate the corporate and academic world, encouraging innovation projects that support regional technological development. Faced with the recent dismantling of the public funding system for academic research in Brazil, many Universities have advanced in their strategy of partnerships with companies, in the search for guaranteeing resources for the maintenance of their research activities. This paper seeks to discuss how these relationships have occurred in this scenario, through a theoretical and practical discussion, bringing the example of a case study carried out at the Technological Park of the University of Sorocaba, in the interior of the state of São Paulo. It was possible to show that the approach to the private sector is, above all, a survival strategy in the market for institutions that work with research. Amidst a political scenario that points to the retraction of the State's role as a provider of public resources for research, this apparently irreversible movement draws a new scenario for science and technology in the country, with the increasing presence of the private sector, which is leaving the role of client or demander of technologies and innovations generated in the predominantly public research infrastructure of the country, to occupy the leading role in technological development. A scenario that will continue to privilege only a few areas involved with issues of private interest, which are rapidly becoming issues of national interest, reducing the space for other areas of science, which will need to find their own way of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the perception of mom entrepreneurs of the region of Triângulo Mineiro (State of Minas Gerais - Brazil) about the use of ICTs in their businesses. A quantitative approach with application of online questionnaires was adopted. The main results show that respondents have used ICTs to support their management activities. However, the results also reveal that many respondents, even using ICTs in their businesses, do not necessarily feel comfortable in using these technologies to support their activities. The study reinforces the benefits of contemporary technologies to support the management process, but also reveals a scenario that can motivate training and qualification actions to optimize the benefits from ICTs in the Triângulo Mineiro region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several actions were deployed to contain the propagation of the new coronavirus and the flattening of the contagion curve, or rather, social distancing with partial or total suspension of commercial activities, including agricultural fairs. Current research identifies the effects of the pandemic on production and commercialization by family farmers in the Project of Sustainable Development Porto Seguro in Marabá PA Brazil. Study comprised field research and the application of a questionnaire with questions on the farmer's profile, characteristics of activities and impacts by the pandemic. Data from qualitative and quantitative approaches were tabulated and interpreted by descriptive analysis. Results showed a production increase by farmers and changes in sanitary practices. However, trade decreased and prices remained stable, impairing family income. Emergency help was important for income supplementation. Farmers had at their disposal TV, radio and WhatsApp for information, even though access to the Internet was not without difficulties. According to the interviewees, the pandemic's main negative items were lockouts, difficulties in selling, impairment of health and loss of products. Positive items comprised on-line agricultural fair, a new solution for reaching clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing climate urgency and unpredicted crisis, such as pandemics and wars, requires the acceleration of the sustainable transition and, particularly, the development and implementation of new renewable energy technologies. This acceleration depends on the capacity for mobilizing resources and skills present in the territory. In particular, the transition to a commercial phase poses important challenges that may be met drawing on the capacities developed in the initial experimentation phase, whose effects remain poorly studied. Portugal has a long experience in the development of marine renewable energy technologies - wave energy and floating offshore wind energy. This paper uses a longitudinal analysis, supported on a database of actors involved with the technology, to investigate whether the activities carried out during the initial phase of development permitted to start mobilizing the national industry, and to what extent this mobilization generated sectoral and regional centers of activity that can support future developments. The analysis shows that test and demonstration projects have a role in the mobilization of firms from relevant sectors, even if their ability to attract local companies is still limited. The activities are based on networks of companies distributed throughout the territory, with a predominance of the main metropolitan areas. These results can inform strategies to accelerate technology diffusion and increase the potential for industrial transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript takes as its object the technology transfer between universities and companies, with a focus on valuing technology. In developing countries, such as Brazil, the public sector has greater investment in R&D if compared to the private sector, as it is evidenced by the high capacity for generating patents by Brazilian public universities. Thus, if on one side there are universities with high potential for technology production, on the other side there are companies that need technologies for innovation and competitiveness. It is in this scenario that the Technological Innovation Centers (NIT in Portuguese) fit in. Specifically, it sought to understand the ability of technology transfer offices in Brazil to value technologies. To achieve this goal, the study used quantitative and qualitative research, called mixed, using a questionnaire. With the results and evidence found, it was evidenced that the NITs go through several difficulties, highlighting the need for qualified personnel and the absence of specific valuation methods for the reality of the Brazilian context of technology transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialization of natural products is growing exponentially in Brazil and, thus, industries need to have increasingly efficient production processes. In view of the industry's demands for process standardization and continuous improvement execution, the objective was to determine actions for the insertion of improvements in the company's production processes. The method is qualitative in nature, with a descriptive and exploratory design. As a research strategy, a case study was used in a natural products company. At the end of the study, it was possible to present proposals for improvement in the stock of finished product, avoiding damage to packaging, as well as changes in product identification, making the space more harmonious and enabling changes in the current layout. Still, it was suggested the implementation of a PCP sector responsible for receiving, processing, raising the demands of raw materials and purchase requests. This way, the employees from the production sector would be responsible only for the production, not needing to segregate orders of products already in stock and without raw material. It was also suggested the application of a supplier control metric with the development of a database, providing an effective improvement in the choice of suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current sociopolitical context marked by the advancement of new technologies and the transfer of the social life to the digital environment, presents a series of particularities and innovations provided by the so-called digital law. The object of investigation of the present work, which uses the theory of human rights generations as a framework for analysis, focuses on questioning whether the recognition of digital human rights as a catalog of human rights is already provided in the existing generations or, where appropriate, must be framed as a new autonomous and differentiated generation of human right. The methodology used is based on the qualitative review of the most relevant literature, with special attention to the Brazilian and Spanish, applying a differentiated sensitivity in relation to the most appropriate categorization in favor of the greater effectiveness and legitimacy of the human rights protection system in the digital environment. Our main conclusion advocates a theoretical position that, recognizing the characteristics of generational processes of human rights not only from a historical dimension but also from an axiological dimension in relation to the values that support the conformation of each generation, allows the transversal and inclusive recognition of human rights in the three traditional generations of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores technological development and its transfer in the context of cooperation between scientific and technological institutions (STI), represented in large part by universities, and companies. The motivation for the research arose from the finding that most studies on technology transfer do not clarify how the technology development process takes place. In this context, the objective of the research is to characterize the main aspects of the technology development and licensing process of patented technologies in the State of Paraná in Brazil. In methodological terms, the research is predominantly qualitative, with primary data collection in two phases: i) data on intellectual property requests and technology transfers from 16 STI from Paraná selected for the study; ii) questionnaire from 45 researchers who invented intellectual property claims to characterize the development process of protected and transferred and non-transferred technologies. It is inferred, from the study carried out in Paraná, that developing technologies oriented by the demand of the productive sector favors their transfer to society and that the intellectual capital of STI plays a key role in the beginning of successful interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study, of applied nature with a qualitative-descriptive approach, aims to show the importance of technology transfer (TT) projects in agriculture, especially the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation’s (EMPRAPA) project called Reniva – a network for the multiplication and transfer of propagating materials of genetic and phytosanitary quality. Cassava is a carbohydrate-rich tuber of great economic and social importance in our country and around the world. Its productive chain is one of the most important in family farming, employs more than 1 million people, and moves around R$ 10 billion a year in Brazil. However, it suffers many losses due to pests and low productivity. The Reniva Project contributes to the development and improvement of cassava cultivation through genetic improvement, selection of more productive and resistant varieties, technology transfer between Research, Development, and Innovation (RD&I) entities and farmers, process innovation, and know-how transfer to use these new technologies, resulting in more qualified manpower, adoption of new practices, availability of genetically resistant seedlings, “maniva-seed”, with higher productivity and adapted to different locations. Much is being done, but it’s necessary to verify the results and ensure the continuity of the project after the first cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of rural extension and agricultural research (I-ERPA) has been debated worldwide. In Brazil, I-ER-PA has been considered a strategy to overcome the diffusionist paradigm, related to the creation or merge of public companies. The objective of the study was to explore the literary production on I-ER-PA and shed light on the theme. Literary production of peer-reviewed articles was considered, specifically, papers indexed in Web of Science. A total of 28 combination of words was used to sample scientific papers. The study delivered a list of terminologies (theoretical frameworks, methodologies and approaches) related to I-ER-PA. Overall, studies referring to I-ER-PA increased considerably in the last decades. Brazil is highly ranked in terms of authorships and contributions to the topic. However, the Brazilian production presented a low number of citations, lacking partnerships with other countries and contributions about the Brazilian case, such as closing, creating or merging public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous scientific-technological developments, which characterize the current times, have undoubtedly transformed the society we live in. Therefore, it is mandatory education's objective to promote scientific and technological literacy for all students. To attain this, education must not be limited to the school, but rather different social sectors must promote spaces and proposals for formal, non-formal and informal education that contribute to classroom practices. With this premise in mind, a group of university professor-researchers, specialists in scientific teaching and educational technology, taking the paradigm of design-based research and in cooperation with secondary school physics teachers, we have designed the teaching methodology IDAS (Initiation, Development, Application and Synthesis). IDAS is a student-centered and learning-based methodology that seeks to promote the understanding of concepts, laws and theories related to science. Simultaneously it promotes the development of skills related to problem solving and critical and strategic use of the technology of information and communication. In this work, the IDAS teaching methodology is presented, described, substantiated and exemplified. Some results obtained by implementing it in the classroom are shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results of research that aimed to understand the role of networks and the ability to convert knowledge in the development of academic spin-offs. The data collection consisted of detailed interviews with five managers and partners from different spin-offs. The technique used to analyze the interviews was thematic content analysis. As outstanding results, it was possible to identify that the spin-off networks foster the formation of partnerships, which enable the construction of know-how, and, consequently, the learning and the ability to convert knowledge, which leads to the development of the studied institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to present elements of a research under construction about the possibilities of applying immersive methodologies in Basic Education. This discussion is justified by considering that, currently, the continuous and increasing diffusion of technologies and access to them by high school students, beyond the classroom, has been a challenge in the teaching and learning processes. The hypothesis of this text starts from the idea that there is a concern centered on technical means rather than a discussion focused on content and humanist formation. The dialogue with thinkers such as Marx, Gramsci, and Adorno, for example, may help (re) think this discussion. The reflections made here, from the historical-critical methodological perspective, point to the need to rethink the use of new methodologies in the contemporary educational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and Development in the field of wood science in Brazil began in the mid-1900s and involved a few laboratories of research institutions and universities. There was no R&D strategy for the area at the time. Forestry Engineering Courses, created in the 1960s, basically graduated silviculturists. In the early 1970s the only laboratory, in the area of wood science of the Forest Engineering Course, was wood anatomy. In the same decade, the creation of the FUPEF, the Freiburg Agreement and the Post-Graduation Course were important factors to promote R&D related to wood. Agreements as well as cooperation with the private sector were important for the formation of critic mass for the installation and operation of laboratories in the area. To attend the market demand, it was since the beginning, one of the priorities in the design of R&D projects in the area of Technology and Use of Forest Products. Over the years, professors from various disciplines, including wood anatomy, characterization and quality, standardization and certification, structural applications and products, drying, biodegradation and preservation, wood panels, energy, supply and logistics, chemistry, pulp and paper, have implemented several projects. A large part of the R&D program considered cooperation agreements and national and international partnerships. Future topics in the area of wood science focus on innovation. R&D will increasingly involve aspects related to nanotechnology, process automation, value-added products, reduction of energy consumption, and mitigation of environmental impacts in processing and use, and improvement of process efficiency. The main objective of the work will be to increase productivity to guarantee the sustainability and competitiveness of the Brazilian forestry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate actions of implantation of agroforestry systems, through the creation of Demonstrative Unit of Agroforestry Systems - UDSAF for family farmers in the rural community Nazaré, in the municipality of Paragominas. The strategies used were the workshops and a field day to disseminate the results. The entire process was built in a participatory manner. The agroforestry systems demonstration unit (UDASAF) was formed from the union of three areas, the first with 0.5 hectares with five years of implantation, the second with 0.15 hectares and one year of implantation, the third with 1 hectare, which was part of this work. On the Field Day, a survey was carried out to evaluate the strategies for implementing UDSAF in the community, checking the interest of participants in the SAF’s. The result was that 8% of participating farmers were indifferent and 92% showed a lot of interest. At the end of the event, the measurements of the questionnaires showed 100% efficiency for the three questions developed, namely, everyone involved said that they understood the production process in SAF's, that they would implement this technology on their properties and that they would recommend agroforestry systems for friends or relatives. The strategy of combining a demonstration unit and conducting a field day was very successful, as it allowed the possibility of transferring technologies and exchanging knowledge between the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a contribution to the current discussion about rural extension and its approaches, from a critical-analytical perspective, the article discusses a main theme: the need to move towards a rural extension based on synergistic dialogue and concerted action between farmers and rural extensionists, under conditions of epistemic horizontality. Confronting the vertical and dialogic approaches, trends between which the extensionist practices oscillates, three basic axes of analysis are proposed: a) the differences between transferring technology and coconstructing knowledge to solve situated problems, b) the recognition of the complementarity between scientific and peasant knowledge, and c) the dialogue of knowledge as the basis for joint and concerted action. It is concluded that combining multiple knowledge systems, the scientist and the peasant, in this case, contributes to strengthening the cognitive store today socially available to respond to agrarian problematics situations of different nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a analysis the Technology Transfer Agreement under the perspective of the Brazil's developmentalism landscape. With the ideas presented, the goal is to understand the application of the developmentalism ideals on the construction of the Brazilian technological development considering that the state must be stimulated to take a mature attitude of nurturer of internal development, without repressing the freedom of contract granted to the private individual regarding agreements involving technology. The presented idea can easily be adopted in Brazil, and the reason for that may be seen in this essay, that intends to bring a first approach on the necessity of a bolder posture from the Brazilian State on the technological development while in the middle of the current crisis scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there has been an alternation of natural stocks of sardines, species. In recent years there has been an alternation of natural stocks of sardines, a primordial species for the canning industries. To ensure the protection of its reproduction and to always guarantee high stocks, the Period of Defense was instituted. Thus, the objective of this study was to prospect and outline the fish canning industry about native freshwater fish species as an alternative to the canning process in order to stimulate the transfer of technology for food production Healthy and functional, that still does not have commercial appeal. The techniques of evaluation of acceptability and purchase intention of canned species of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and freshwater sardines (Hemiodus unimaculatus) were used. Matrinxã and freshwater sardines are promising native species as an alternative raw material for the fish canning industry, mainly to occupy different market niches, as well as providing other food options that guarantee food security to the less favored population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In It is the right of the blind to have access to university and to public office. To do so, selective processes need to adapt to meet this demand. The National High School Exam - ENEM, which is growing exponentially and ensuring access to many higher education - is available to the blind candidate to test Braille and ledor, volunteer candidate to transcribe answers, essays, and to describe images for the blind candidates. However, several complaints about the performance of this volunteer add up, especially with regard to the subjective description of figures. Considering the maps as great importance in the examination of images, occurring in at least 5 per issue, the question is: how to improve the design of maps contained evidence of Brazilian inclusive public selection processes, so that their oral description is accurate to blind candidates? Through the recommendations on the use of the graphical variables of Bertin (1983), together with the recommendations of the area of Accessibility, and the opinions of two volunteers who have acted as ENEM lenders, this paper proposes recommendations for the elaboration of maps to be described orally to blind candidates on the exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Technology Park of Salvador was inaugurated, in 2012, with the mission of stimulating the creation, strengthening and attracting innovative ventures and technology transfer, generating a set of positive consequences in the regional space and making of Salvador a business center of high added value. Based on this understanding, this article seeks to evaluate the design and implementation of this structure and its capacity to achieve the objectives outlined. The research is classified, as regards its method, as inductive and adopts the procedure of the Case Study. In addition to the analysis of documents related to the creation and administration of the Park, we used semi-structured interviews and the application of questionnaires to its managers and resident and incubated companies. This study demonstrated that there is a gap in this structure between what was planned and what was executed, a situation that apparently has a strong relationship with the dysfunctional of its governance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutions consider R&D strategic alliances an alternative way of generating innovation. Among the capacities that can contribute to alliance success is one called relational (RC), that is, a strategic alliance management construct with research gaps that have not yet been verified empirically investigated, such as whether experience with repeated or diversified partners can potentiate, in a distinct way, R&D alliances that have greater emphasis on research or development. Thus, the objective of this study is to verify how experience with repeated and diversified partners can potentiate the strategic R&D alliances that have a greater emphasis on research or development. The qualitative research was based on ten interviews. Data triangulation and content analysis were used to analyze the data. Three strategic alliances established between EMBRAPA and external partners constituted the corpus of analysis. It was concluded that the institutions involved in alliances, through experience with repeated partners, potentiated the RC in alliances focused on development activities, while that experience with multiple partners potentiated RC in alliances with focus on research activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a model for evaluating the development of Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), grounded in the balance between intellectual property protection and technology transfer. The model is applied to a phase transition taking place in Brazil, where, in accordance to the Technological Innovation Law of 2004, every Brazilian Science and Technology Centre must establish a TTO, responsible for the management of innovation processes in the institution. The model is presented through the analysis of data from twenty-nine TTOs, aiming at: 1) comparing globally the stage of development of twenty-six TTOs from the ecosystem of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil; 2) analyzing comparatively the historical evolution of four TTO (two from Brazil, one from the USA and one from Germany). The model introduced is not limited to TTO evaluation; it can be applied to study the development of innovation intermediaries in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the literature, the current Latin America (neo)extractivist paradigm would differ from the neoliberal, "classic" extractive pattern due to the lower relative weight of foreign private capital and the appropiation by the State of a substantial piece of the surplus through several mechanisms (e.g. normative and institutional reforms, growth of preexistent taxes, public enterprises' creation, imposing export taxes, etc.). This paper critically examines such thesis and then empirically contrast them for the Argentinean case by analyzing the continuities and the ruptures suffered by the hydrocarbon pattern between the neoliberal period and the (neo)developmentalist or "progressivism" model. The article's findings are paradoxal. On one hand, they show that the new legislation strengthened and completed the neoliberal reform and the public companies' creation and the expropriation of privatized firms consolidated the foreign capital's presence, reduced the National State participation on the hydrocarbon surplus and sharpened the social and environmental impacts of the model. On the other hand, the export taxes and the energetic subsidios policies have implied the enterprise risk's socialization by transferring a millionaire mass of resources from the public treasury to the capital, as well as they heightened the situation of energy crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study is to analyze whether the "Balde Cheio" (Full Bucket) Project, which is carried out in Mato Grosso do Sul State, may lead to a Local Productive Arrangement (APL) pointing out limitations and potentialities for its construction. As the methodological aspects, we used secondary data through literature and field research (visit farms). The technical training availability, the financial support given by the State, and the increased milk production/productivity in the properties are elements able to lead to the LPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate intervenors in the technology transfer process in a public university, analyzing its innovation agency from the point of view of protection of intellectual property. A single case study strategy was chosen using semi-structured interviews with agency managers and 13 researchers who actively participate in the process, document collection and direct observation. Results show the institutionalization of the agency by the university was preceded by a series of government incentives to support innovation and by partnerships established with other institutions. The main barriers identified among the intervenors are: activity overload, a lack of knowledge and interest from researchers, deficiencies in the patent drafting process and lack of human capital in agency activities, bureaucracy and a lack of support by the university. Facilitators included researcher academic experience, dissemination of intellectual property culture, outsourcing of the patent drafting process by the agency and its institutionalization by the university. Researchers are encouraged to engage in the process of technology transfer particularly by awareness of the importance of protecting discoveries, access to research resources, economic gains, and academic prestige. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a close relationship between economic development and technological advancement. In this article, a technology transfer project developed at UFMG for Crômic, an APL shoe company from Nova Serrana (MG), is evaluated. The data were obtained through documentary research in the archives of UFMG and semi-structured interviews with the main agents involved in this process. The process of transferring technology from UFMG to Crômic is a typical process of cooperation between universities and the productive sector, stimulating new innovation projects, new agreements, technological partnerships and new products. From its evaluation, it was possible to describe the démarches undertaken, to analyze the results produced and to propose some suggestions for improvement in the integration process between university and company still incipient in Brazil. The project studied proves the positive contribution of university-enterprise cooperation to promote industrial innovation, increase the competitiveness of the national product and the resumption of the country's development in the face of the serious crisis in which it is immersed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short essay I question the role of technology in the world we live from the dark focus of Canadian George Grant and the impact of the interest of the private sector in the global school reform. Everywhere, it seems, technology is the answer to the canonical curriculum question: what knowledge is of most worth? Its ethical, cultural, historical elements ignored, the curriculum question is now answered only, or least most loudly, by those dedicated to human life decoded one way only: well‐paid, comfortable, connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What can explain the fact that there was a massive entry of FDI in Brazil and it remains with a structural inertia in the national productive base? There is a series of macroeconomic facts that can help explain this inertia, such as low investment rate and the mismatching of key prices in the economy (such as interest rates and exchange rates), but the proposal made here is that there is a relevant microeconomic structural problem: lack of technological capability of Brazilian industrial firms. To analyze this proposition we separate the types of FDI (greenfield, merger and acquisition and portfolio) and the types of technology transfer channels (horizontal and vertical). From empirical and historical elements we build up the argument that the lack of technological capability is a key element in understanding the dynamism loss of the domestic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The close correlation between foreign trade and foreign direct investment makes internationalization a need for companies to expand their competitiveness and deal with international competition. Given this current scenario, the intensive use of technology transfer, particularly within parent and subsidiary, becomes an instrument of big business leverage. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze how technology transfer influenced the process of internationalization of the company Eurolls. The research was descriptive and qualitative, with data treatment based on the content analysis. The results showed that, although the sequential process of Uppsala is an important aspect to obtain knowledge about the local market, this process was not considered by the company, and the technology transfer was of fundamental importance to the direct investment in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian agribusiness has grown markedly in recent years, one of the activities that stands out most in this sector is the small agribusiness, which is usually started by families of rural communities as an alternative source of income. The this study aimed to educate farmers of the community in Rome, the city of Bananeiras - PB, with the use of minimal processing technology in order to add value to the final product, thus ensuring food security, nutritional and economical for producers and consumers Brejo Paraibano. a questionnaire containing 10 questions in order to make a survey of existing knowledge and awareness of family farmers on the issue was applied, but also to develop the perception of farmers on the subject. However, there is a need for technology transfer campaigns that can facilitate the learning and training of the same on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks at intellectual property policy and technology transfer (IP&TT) from the perspective of technological Innovation Center at the Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB). The literature review, analysis of Institutional Management of documents and the application of semi-structured interviews with UFRB managers were the methods used to carry out this research. The data indicate that the University has attempted to establish a policy of innovation since 2006, but was unsuccessful, faced with problems like lack of human resources, a protective culture of intellectual property rights, and the gap with the business sector. In 2014, despite the creation of coordinators to act only with the protection of the creations and technology transfer, in addition it needs to adopt other strategies to enhance their innovation policy as: the creation of a Commission of IP&TT; the expansion of table employees with training in IP&TT and actions to strengthen the culture of innovation among academics and businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato moth, Tuta absoluta, is presently an important pest on processing tomato crop in the Ribatejo region. This species was detected in 2010 In this crop and caused significant losses in 2011. The goal of this project is to develop decision-making tools to improve crop protection. During 2013, monitoring of the adults with sexual pheromone traps and the incidence on sampled plants, according to the crop phonologic stage was carried out weekly. Samples of entomological material were analysed in the laboratory to detect parasitism. In addition to this technical monitoring in the field, risk factors have been identified in order to build risk maps for decision-making support. This work was developed by "Protomate" - Desenvolvimento de uma nova ferramenta de apoio à gestão da cultura do tomate para garantia da qualidade do produto final" with financial support of the Proder program that aims to contribute to the accomplishment of the central goals involving European commitments. This network allows a constant sharing of knowledge, experience, and results in a timely manner. It is organised by COTHN, ESAS/IPS, ISA/UL, UE, FNOP and Agromais. Additionally, 15 growers' groups with 18 technicians, Sugalidal and Italagro, representing the processing industry, and the company Lusosem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities are sources of innovation: they may develop discoveries into marketable innovation while promoting policies that could potentially create a receptive environment for entrepreneurship. Technology transfer may occur to either the public or the private sector. In this way, universities must be involved in activities focused on transferring expertise and technology to user communities, industry, and businesses. A technology transfer office may be understood as a high performance team that guides research to business reality using different strategies. In order to suggest ways to improve communications and co-operation with industry and business community, this paper develops a reference model in which essential steps are presented to drive technology transfer offices to continuous improvement while focusing on strategic ICT planning. The model also considers the importance of training as a preparation for change as well as the creation of a knowledge base composed of case studies describing the transitions considered in each cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to verify how Inova Unicamp manages its technology transfer (TT) process. A TT process can be understood as the passage of technology and knowledge from one organization to another (Bozeman, 2000). We conducted a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview of the institution directors. The results reveal that the TT Inova Unicamp model management is in a continuous maturing process, but must still overcome bottlenecks related to a shortage of permanent staff, a large number of temporary staff and a lack of an institutional policy to regulate the creation of spin-off companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today’s context is obliging companies to prioritize increasingly higher investments in R&D. Educational institutions have technical knowledge, personnel and laboratories with high-level infrastructure. Governments are creating mechanisms to foster consolidation of the industrial structure, with the generation of jobs and income. Out of this convergence of motives and needs of these three actors, the “Triple Helix” model emerged. However it is seen that the level of interaction is less than expected. This observation prompted this research, by means of a single case study and theoretical model of Souza (1978), seeking to determine how far organizational culture infl uences the process of technology transfer. The analysis was carried out in a large private university in southern Brazil with a group of researchers and teachers of six technology courses. The evidence that emerged from the research confirmed the author’s hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the agricultural way, the activities of diffusion of technologies have the purpose to provide the producers with knowledge that can adapt, transform or maximize the found factors of production in the country properties, generally, with the purpose to improve the conditions of life of these people. In this direction, the SEBRAE/SP offers a program destined to the managemental qualification of agricultural producers that possesses differentiated methodology, bringing, as contribution to the agricultural sector, the professionalization in the management of the country properties. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop an explorative research on the "Programa Capacitação Rural"- SEBRAE/SP that it allowed to understand your methodology, the different forms of applications, and to estimate the opinion of participants about capacitating action. To this end, we used combinations of techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis (multivariate analysis) from interviews with instructors of the program and questionnaires to participants. The results had indicated that the program deal directly with the change of behaviors, attitudes and personal values of its participants in search of the valuation of the agricultural producer, the biggest professionalism and the necessity of enterprise vision in the conduction of the farming activities. The opinion research to a large extent showed high levels of approval of the analyzed variables, with prominence for the boarded content in the program, the group activities and the level of satisfaction of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th is paper presents an overview of patenting activities carried out by Brazilian public universities. Th e analysis is based on data and information collected directly at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), at the Technology Transfer Offi ce (TTO) at each university studied, as well as at the Lattes Database from the National Research Council (CNPq). Th e main results show a signifi cant increase in the number of patents fi led by Brazilian universities in the most recent period; a geographical concentration of academic patents in the South-eastern region, mainly in the São Paulo State; the leadership of FAPESP as the main coassignee; the diff erent licensing strategies adopted by universities and the high level of academic maturity of the inventors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors expose the motivations and foundations of the technological restrictions practiced by leading countries and the Brazilian posture in confrontation. The authors also show the alternatives used by companies and countries to get around restrictive practices. While prepared to fulfill international treaties, Brazil, as yet, has no clear strategy for acquiring those technologies related to its military defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches about nanotechnologies potential uses in agribusiness raise huge doubts of real benefits or harms in relation to this innovation adoption. Therefore concern of this investigation in including humanities in the debate about nanotechnologies diffusion. It is presupposed that given nanotechnologies effective incorporation to new nanotechnology products and processes, it will configure a deeper informational scientific techniques density in the Brazilian agrarian space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has verified the possibilities of technology transfer from the Department of Physics and Mathematics, the Medical School and the Dentistry School, located in the campus of USP in Ribeirão Preto, to the medical, hospital and odontologic equipment [MHOE] industry. The method applied was the multicase study, in which the university units were studied, as well as five companies in the vicinity of the same city which take part in the aforementioned industry. The focus of the research laid in the university entities, however, data was also collected with the companies' executives, in order to gather a sample of the thinking of this class of professional as well as of the academicians, on what concerns to the technology transfer [TT]. 178 lines of research were identified (24 potentially applicable in the MHOE industry), and 58 technologies developed by the university (1 drawn the attention of the executives). Thus, it has been verified the presence of potentiality of TT between the studied entities, but reflections were made on the (1) university bureaucracy; (2) the technology patenting process; (3) the USP's positioning on the technology selling marketing; (4) the reasons why the academy (don't) want the university-industry interaction; and (5) the passive behavior of the researched companies on the cooperation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of recruitment of foreign scientists after the Second World War figured prominently in the scientific policy of the Peronist government in Argentina between 1946 and 1955, which sought to exploit the German-trained human resources to modernize and increase domestic industrial capacity. The aim of this study is to identify precisely what were the possibilities and limits of that particular strategy in this particular historical moment. If Werner Heisenberg and other outstanding figures who sought to coopt the Peronist government demonstrate the potential implicit in the investment of resources in this policy unprecedented scientific and technological development, the figure of Ronald Richter shows the boundaries of it. Isolated from the scientific community, ultimately, is what gives and takes away the scientific category, the Austrian physicist performance can be contrasted with the now classic analysis of Kuhn on the mechanisms that regulate the so-called "normal science". Through this opposition is seeking to test a possible explanation of how a "fraud" of the proportions of controlled fusion project Richter in the Huemul Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tableware ceramic industry is one of most traditional in the country, an intensive manpower activity-branch, therefore interesting to countries like China, happening the closing of some plants and the disappearance of some producing polar regions in Brazil. Using a multiple-case study, this work main purpose was to understand how technology transfer elements had influenced the technological qualification of tableware industries in the cluster of Campo Largo, Paraná. The technology transfer elements considered had been absorption and managerial capacities, learning culture, transfer ways practiced and technologies transferred nature. For the primary collection of data, half-structuralized interviews had been used in eight cluster tableware manufacturing companies. Secondary data were gathered from printed periodicals and magazines and from electronic media. All companies reached technological operational capacity and some of them reached dynamic technological learning capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the maintenance of prominence of South Minas coffee culture in the national scenario, the state of Minas Gerais by means of its public institutions, has created a regional development program which consist in the formal channel for diffusion of information, innovations and technologies for the region. With that purpose, the Southern Minas Ambit of Coffee culture was established, which is designed to systematize and organize meetings in the area of coffee culture in the region, integrating the public institutions of research, teaching and extension, private institutions and the coffee farmers in the search for the following objectives: to meet the main problems concerning regional coffee growing. However, in spite of the importance of that program for the south region of the state of Minas Gerais, its management and performed services have not been analyzed yet. Therefore, this work was conducted with a view to evaluating this initiative of technology diffusion for rural development, a methodological approach being taken into account oriented by different research methods, analyzing and identifying the attitudes of the organizers, sponsors and of the behavior of the farmers in relation to that program. By that research, it was stressed that the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods proved to be an adequate and complementary approach to extract data and analyze the program under focus. Also, evidence was verified that the informal means of communication are the preferred, in which information and knowledge transfer occur with more ease from coffee farmer to coffee farmer by means of informal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, two major myths related to genetic engineering are confronted: the one that says that it will solve the problem of hunger and nutrition in the Third World, and the one that Genetically Modified Organisms are the same as crops produced through conventional breeding. The promises of more food and of no risks that come from these myths are here severely contested. For the author, taking into account India's reality, Genetically Modified Organisms present a corporate control component over agriculture, especially over small farmers, engaged in the production controlled by global corporations like Cargill, Monsanto and Syngenta. Her critiques pass by the economy of corporate globalization, the new technologies, the monopoly of knowledge, and intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When mentioned the protection of biodiversity, it is not only environmental issues that are being discussed in international meetings, it is the legal construction of the problem, those responsible for it and the possible solutions. In fact, divergent interests of national development for some States and of free markets for transnational corporations transform the issues of access to biological resources and technology transfer into grave disagreement among sovereign states. Nevertheless, there are several bioprospection arrangements among states, traditional communities and private firms. In this context, Brazil, privileged for its rich biodiversity and fairly good technological level, is aiming at a national law to regulate access to its biodiversity resources. However, this article explains why this law will not bring up the desired solutions, and that the main aim for Brazil must be not only the payment of royalties, but effective "technology partnerships". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the complex bilateral integration process involving Brazil and Argentina that began formally during the 80's, and displayed in its double scope: a) pacific cooperation on nuclear technology; b) constitution of a common market. This process evolution took place in three fundamental circles: the first one, approximation antecedents; the second one, decisive instruments for a large integration; and the third one, the solidification of two basis, one at the nuclear technological level, joining the two countries in the sui generis back up system and the operation of the Tlatelolco Treaty, the other, at the economic level instituting the Mercosur by the Asunción Treaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]