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Soja je leguminoza sposobna da usvaja elementarni azot iz vazduha zahvaljujući simbiozi sa kvržičnim bakterijama. Inokulacija semena soje visokoefektivnim bakterijama povećava usvajanje azota i pozitivno deluje na ostvareni prinos. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje uticaja primene NS Nitragina na prinos šest sorti soje različitih grupa zrenja. Inokulacija statistički veoma značajno povećava prinos soje, a povećanje se u proseku kretalo od 6,13% kod sorte NS Zoja do 8,49% kod sorte Sava. Soybeans are legumes capable of absorbing elemental nitrogen from the air thanks to symbiosis with symbiotic bacteria. Inoculation of soybean seeds with highly effective bacteria increases nitrogen uptake and has a positive effect on the achieved yield. The aim of this paper is to consider the effect of NS Nitragine application on the yield of six soybean cultivars of different maturation groups. Inoculation statistically significantly increased soybean yield, and the increase ranged from 6.13% in the cultivar NS Zoja to 8.49% in the cultivar Sava.

Visoki prinosi i stabilna proizvodnja soje pod direktnim su uticajem količine i dostupnosti hraniva biljkama. Cilj ovih istraživanja je ispitivanje uticaja NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima i efektivnih mikroorganizama na visinu biljaka kod tri sorte soje, različite grupe zrenja. Efektivni mikroorganizmi i NPK đubrivo sa mikroelementima statistički veoma značajno povećavaju visinu biljaka soje. NPK đubrivo sa mikroelementima povećalo je visinu biljaka za 1,92%, dok je kombinacija NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima i efektivnih mikroorganizama povećala visinu biljaka soje za 6,30%. High yields and stable soybean production are under direct influence of plant nutrient quantity and availability. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of NPK fertilizer with trace elements and effective microorganisms on the plant height of three soybean varieties which belong to different maturation groups. Effective microorganisms and NPK fertilizer with trace element statistically very significantly increase plant height. NPK fertilizer with trace elements increased the plant height by 1,92%, while the combination of NPK fertilizer with trace elements and effective microorganisms increase plant height by 6,30%.

Doktorska distertacija je odbranjena 19. septembra 2022. godine na Fakultetu za biofarming Megatrend Univerziteta u Beogradu.

Primena folijarnih đubrenja u toku vegetacionog perioda soje ima pozitivan efekat na visinu prinosa i kvalitet zrna soje. Cilj ovoga dvogodišnjeg istraživanja je sagledavanje uticaja folijarne primene NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima i 3% rastvora UREE na prinos kod tri sorte soje različite grupe zrenja. Godina i sorta imaju statistički veoma značajan uticaj na visinu prinosa soje. Folijarna primena NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima, kao i primena 3% rastvora uree statistički veoma značajno je povećala prinos soje, a statistički veoma značajne razlike bile su i između ova dva primenjena đubriva. The application of foliar fertilizers during the soybean vegetationperiod has a positive effect on the yield and soybean grain quality. Theaim of this two-year study is to consider the effect of foliar application ofNPK fertilizers with microelements and 3% UREE solution on the yieldof three soybean varieties of different ripening groups. The year andvariety have a statistically very significant effect on soybean yield. Foliarapplication of NPK fertilizers with microelements, as well as applicationof 3% urea solution statistically significantly increased soybean yield, andstatistically very significant differences were between these two appliedfertilizers.

Lokalitet gajenja soje sa svojim zemljišnim i klimatskim specifičnostima ima veoma veliki uticaj na ostvareni prinos, ali i na hemijski sastav zrna soje. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje uticaja lokaliteta na prinos, sadržaj proteina i ulja u zrnu soje. Sorta soje NS Kraljica ostvarila je najviši prinos zrna (4215 kg ha-1), sorta NS Kolos imala je najviši sadržaj proteina (40,4%), a sorta NS Atlas najviši sadržaj ulja (22,8%). Najviši prinos zrna (4409 kg ha-1) i najviši sadržaj ulja (22,6%) zabeleženi su na lokalitetu Sombor, dok je najviši sadržaj proteina (40,3%) bio na lokalitetu Rimski Šančevi. The location of soybean cultivation with its soil and climatic specifics has a very large impact on the yield, but also on the chemical composition of soybeans. The aim of this paper is to consider the influence of localities on yield, protein and oil content in soybean grain. NS Kraljica soybean variety achieved the highest grain yield (4215 kg ha-1), NS Kolos variety had the highest protein content (40.4%), and the variety NS Atlas has the highest oil content (22.8%). The highest grain yield (4409 kg ha-1) and the highest oil content (22.6%) were recorded at the Sombor site, while the highest protein content (40.3%) was at the Rimski Sancevi site.

Granulirani živinski stajnjak i pulsirajuće elektromagnetno polje mogu se primenjivati kako u organskoj, tako i u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji. Živinski stajnjak povećava prinos zrna i prinos proteina po jedinici površine, smanjuje sadržaj proteina, manje doze živinskog stajnjaka smanjuju sadržaj i prinos ulja, dok veće doze živinskog stajnjaka povećavaju sadržaj ulja i prinos ulja po jedinici površine. Pulsirajuće elektromagnetno polje povećava prinos soje, sadržaj i prinos proteina i smanjuje sadržaj ulja u zrnu soje, kao i prinos ulja po jedinici površine. Granulated poultry manure and a pulsating electromagnetic field can be applied both in organic and conventional production. Poultry manure increases grain yield and protein yield per surface unit and decreases protein content. Smaller doses of poultry manure decrease oil yield and content, while greater doses of poultry manure increase oil yield and content per surface unit. The pulsating electromagnetic field 110 increases soybean yield, protein yield and content and decreases oil content in soybean grain, as well as oil yield per surface unit.

U Odeljenju za soju, Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo iz Novog Sada do sada je registrovano 160 NS sorte soje, različitih grupa zrenja. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje prinosa, sadržaja proteina i ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine, najnovijih NS sorti soje priznatih u 2021 godini. U dvogodišnjim ogledima Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, na pet lokaliteta, najviši prinos imala je sorta soje NS Deneris (4574 kg ha-1). Najviši sadržaj proteina imala je sorta NS Pavle (40,53%), dok je najviši sadržaj ulja zabeležen kod sorti NS Zmaj (23,04%) i NS Deneris (23,01%). The Department of soybean, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has so far registered 160 NS soybean cultivars of different maturity groups. The aim of this study is to assess the yield, protein and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area, the latest NS varieties registered in 2021. In the two-year trials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, at five locations, the highest yield had late soybean NS Deneris (4574 kg ha-1). The highest protein content was early variety NS Pavle (40.53%), while the highest oil content was recorded in varieties NS Zmaj (23.04%) and NS Deneris (23.01%).

Razvoj nauke i tehnologije dovodi do stvaranja novih pristupa u oplemenjivanju useva i različitih metoda za podsticanje povećanja produktivnosti viših biljaka. Jedna od najnovijih metoda je implementacija ekološki prihvatljive tehnike korišćenja pulsirajućeg elektromagnetnog polja niskih frekvencija (PEMP). U radu su prikazani rezultati uticaja elektromagnetne stimulacije semena soje na broj zrna po biljci, masu 1000 zrna i prinos zrna u različitim agroekološkim uslovima. Soja zauzima važno mesto u pogledu ishrane ljudi i životinja, jer seme soje obiluje bogatim sadržajem ulja, proteina i masti. U trogodišnjem istraživanju u periodu od 2013-2015 korišćena je sorta soje Valjevka, gajena pri različitim količinama organskog granuliranog živinskog đubriva formulacije 4:4:4 (kontrola – bez đubrenja, 750 kg.ha-1 i 1300 kg.ha-1). Pre setve, seme je bilo podvrgnuto stimulaciji elektromagnetnog polja niskih frekvencija (PEMP) u sledećim konfiguracijama: kontrola - bez stimulacije i stimulacija naizmeničnim magnetnim poljem (PEMP) sa indukcijom od 30 mT i vreme ekspozicije od 15 min. Utvrđeno je da je varijabilnost ispitivanih parametara zavisila od sva tri faktora i to na statistički značajnom nivou od 1%. Istovremeno, vrednosti ispitivanih parametara je bila najveća u 2014. godini uzgoja u odnosu na 2013. i 2015. godinu (izuzev mase zrna po biljci koja je bila najveća u 2013) pri đubrenju od 1300 kg.ha-1 i stimulaciji semena sa PEMP. Prosečan broj zrna pri stimulaciji semena bio je za 32,64% (77,82) viši nego bez PEMP (58,67). Masa 1000 zrna sa PEMP je iznosila 155,99 g, što je bilo više za 2,06% u odnosu na varijantu bez PEMP (152,83 g). Prosečan prinos zrna soje za sve tri godine istraživanja sa stimulacijom semena je bio 4,85% (3481,25 kg.ha-1) viši nego bez PEMP (3320,14 kg.ha-1). Stimulacija semana sa PEMP ima ekonomsku opravdanost, obzirom na rast cena soje na svetskoj berzi. Rezultati sugerišu da PEMP tretman semena soje ima potencijal u kvalitetnoj, bezbednoj i visoko rodnoj proizvodnji i da se suprotstavi neželjenim efektima poput suše i nedostatka đubriva. The development of science and technology leads to the creation of new approaches in crop breeding and various methods to encourage increased plant productivity. One of the latest methods is the implementation of an environmentally acceptable technique of using a pulsed low frequency electromagnetic field (PEMP). The paper presents the results of the influence of electromagnetic stimulation of soybean seeds on the number of grains per plant, weight of 1000 grains and grain yield in different agroecological conditions. Soybeans occupy an important place in terms of human and animal nutrition, because soybean seeds are rich in oil, protein and fat. In a three-year study in the period from 2013-2015, the soybean variety Valjevka was used, grown with different amounts of organic granular poultry fertilizer formulation 4: 4: 4 (control - without fertilization, 750 kg.ha-1 i 1300 kg.ha-1). Before sowing, the seeds have been subjected to the stimulation of low frequency electromagnetic field (PEMF) in the following configurations: control - without stimulation and stimulation alternating magnetic field (PEMF) with the induction of 30 mT and exposure time of 15 min. It was found that the variability of the examined parameters depended on all three factors at a statistically significant level of 1%. At the same time, the values of the examined parameters were the highest in 2014 in relation to 2013 and 2015 (except for the mass of grain per plant, which was the highest in 2013) during fertilization of 1300 kg.ha-1 and stimulation of seeds with PEMP. The average number of grains during seed stimulation was 32.64% (77.82) higher than without PEMP (58.67). The weight of 1000 grains with PEMP was 155.99 g, which was 2.06% more than the variant without PEMP (152.83 g). The average yield of soybean grain for all three years of research with seed stimulation was 4.85% (3481.25 kg.ha- 1) higher than without PEMP (3320,14 kg.ha-1). Stimulation of seeds with PEMP has economic justification, given the growth of soybean prices on the world stock market. The results suggest that PEMP treatment of soybean seeds has the potential in quality, safe and high-yield production and to counteract the adverse effects such as drought and the lack of fertilizer.

Folijarni tretmani dva puta u vegetaciji sa efektivnim mikroorganizmima značajno su uticali na povećanje prinosa ispitivanih parametara. U godini sa nepovoljnim agrometeorološkim uslovima zabeleženo je povećanje prinosa zrna u zavisnosti od količine osnovnog đubrenja od 9,59-3,94%, dok je u godini sa povoljnim uslovima to povećanje iznosilo od 4,81-1,83%. Takođe, je utvrđen i povećan sadrćaj ulja u zrnu i prinos ulja po jedinici površine. Uvođenjem efektivnih mikroorganizama kao obaveznu meru uticalo bi se na smanjenje efekta suše, sigurniju proizvodnju i dobar kvalitet zrna. Foliar treatments twice in vegetation with effective microorganisms significantly influenced the increase in the yield of the tested parameters. In the year with unfavorable agro-meteorological conditions, the increase in grain yield was observed, depending on the amount of basic fertilizer from 9.59-3.94%, while in the year with favorable conditions the increase was 4.81-1.83%. It is established and increased oil content in grain and oil yield per unit area. By introducing effective micro-organisms as a compulsory measure, it would have an effect on reducing the effects of drought, more secure production and good grain quality.

Visokoprinosna, rana sorta ozime pšenice PKB Vizantija dobijena je metodom proste hibridizacije genetički različitih roditelja: sorte Chopin i sorte PKB Arena. Kod ove sorte uspešno su kombinovani geni odgovorni za vrlo visok potencijal rodnosti, solidan tehnološki kvalitet, otpornost prema poleganju, niskim temperaturama i vaţnijim bolestima kod pšenice. Sorta PKB Vizantija registrovana je od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije 2018. godine. Poseduje vrlo visoku biološku plastičnost i adaptaciju na različite klimatsko-zemljišne uslove i stabilnost prinosa, pri optimalnim nivoima agrotehnike. Na osnovu pokazatelja tehnološkog kvaliteta, svrstana je u II kvalitetnu klasu, B1 farinografsku kvalitetnu podgrupu i II tehnološku grupu. The high yielding, late winter wheat variety PKB Vizantija was created using the method of hybridization of genetically divergent parents: the variety Chopin and the variety PKB Arena. This variety successfully combines genes responsible for high yield potential, good technological quality, and resistance to lodging, low temperatures and more significant diseases of wheat. It has been registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia in 2018. It has broad adaptability, as well as yield stability, which enables it to be grown under various climatic-soil conditions with an optimum level of agrotechnics. Based on indicators of technological quality, it was placed in Quality Class II, Farinography Quality Subgroup B1, and Technology Group II.

U radu je razmatrana opravdanost i mogućnost proizvodnje soje, druge grupe zrenja, u organskom sistemu gajenja u cilju njene samoodrživosti uz ostvarivanje stabilnog prinosa. Poljski ogled bio je postavljen po dizajnu podeljenih parcela. Cilj ovog rada bio je da omogući sagledavanje razlika između sorti i primenjenih folijarnih tretmana sa rastvorom fermentisane koprive, preparata Vital tricho i kombinacije fermentisane koprive i preparata Vital tricho kao i interakcije oba faktora ispitivanja na broj bočnih grana i prinos zrna. Time bi se u organskom sistemu biljne proizvodnje povećale površine pod leguminozama, sa stabilnim zadovoljavajućim prinosima i raspolagalo sa sertifikovanim zrnom soje proizvedenim sa dozvoljenim inputima. Polazna osnova u ovom radu bio je je Zakon o organskoj proizvodnji i primenjena tehnologija organske proizvodnje. Urađena je analiza varijanse za obradu podataka, a srednje vrednosti testirane su LSD testom. Oba faktora ispitivanja ispoljila su statistički značajan uticaj na ispitivana svojstva. In this paper, justification and posibilities of second maturity group soybean production in an organic breeding system were examined, with the aim of it’s self-sustainability along with achieving sustainable yield. The field experiment was set by split-plot design. The aim of this paper was to enable the perceiving of differences between varieties and applied foliar treatments with fermented nettle solution, the preparation Vital tricho and a combination of fermented nettle and the preparation Vital tricho, as well as the interaction between both examination factors on the number of side branches and grain yield. Surfaces with legumes would thereby extend in an organic system of plant production, with stable and satisfactory yields and sertified soybean grain produced with allowed inputs would be at disposal. The initial basis for this paper was The Law on Organic Production and Applied Technology of Organic Production. An analysis of variance for data processing, and average values were tested via LSD test. Both examination factors have shone a statistically significant influence on the examined characteristics. Radovi sa 33. Savetovanja agronoma, veterinara, tehnologa i agroekonomista, Padinska Skela, 2019.

У одрживој пољопривредној производњи уношењем великих група бенефитних микроорганизама у агроекосистем могу да се испуне циљева IFOAM-а. Микробиолошки препарати могу да се примене као основно или допунско ђубрење у исхрани биљака. Применом препарат са ефективним микроорганизама у земљиште и фолијарно преко листа биљака постижу се стабилни приноси кукуруза уз очување биогености земљишта. Оглед је изведен 2016. године на земљишту типа чернозем К.О. Србобран. Третмани су повећали масу 1000 зрна кукуруза хибрида Пионеер 0412, (п

Pšenica je glavna hrana u skoro svim delovima sveta. Globalna potražnja za pšenicom raste za oko 2% na godišnjem nivou, dva puta brže od stope prirasta genetičkog potencijala za prinos. Na visinu prinosa pšenice pored agroekoloških uslova značajno utiče ishrana azotom, kao i optimalna gustina setve. Optimalnom gustinom se značajno utiče na komponente prinosa, kao što je broj klasova, broj zrna u klasu i masu zrna u klasu. Savremeni trendovi u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji diktiraju metode kojima se moraju zadovoljiti ekonomski, zdravstveni, ekološki principi, zato je za cilj istraživanja postavljeno da se ispita uticaj interakcijskog odnosa genotipa i gustine setve pri održivom načinu Ďubrenja na visinu prinosa zrna pšenice (kg/ha). Ogled je izveden na oglednom polju PKB Instituta Agroekonomik 2017/2018 godine. Osnovno Ďubrenje bilo je sa 400 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15) na celoj površini ogleda. U fazi nicanja cela eksperimentalna površina je tretirana sa mikrobiološkim preparatom EM Aktiv. U kontroli za prihranu se koristilo 150 kg/ha UREA-e tako je N1 129:60:60. U varijanti N2 primenjeno je 100 kg/ha UREA-e, tako da je ukupno uneto 109:60:60. U toku vegetacije usev je tretiran sa 2 folijarna tretmana sa EM Aktiv-om. Posejane su tri sorte pšenice Pobeda, Ratarica i Nogal u dve gustine 400 i 500 zrna na 5 m2. UtvrĎene su razlike u visini prinosa su značajno uticala na visinu prinosa. Kod svih genotipova u gustini od 500 zrna/m2 ostvaren je viši prinosa zrna. Na kraju vegetacije uvrĎen je sadržaj lakopristupačnih fosfora i kalijuma u zemljištu. U varijanti N2 utvrĎene su veće količine oba elementa. Wheat is the main food in almost all parts of the world. Global demand for wheat grows by about 2% annually, twice as fast as the rate of increase in genetic potential for yield. In addition to agroecological conditions, the yield of wheat is significantly influenced by nitrogen nutrition, as well as the optimal sowing density. The optimum density significantly influences the yield components, such as the number of scales, the number of grains in the class and the weight of the grain in the class. Modern trends in agricultural production dictate methods that need to satisfy economic, health, environmental principles. Therefore, the aim of the research was to investigate the influence of the interaction relation between genotype and sow density in sustainable fertilization method on the wheat grain yield (kg/ha). The visit was made in the field of PKB Institute Agroekonomik 2017/2018 year. The basic fertilization was 400 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15) on the entire surface of the experiment. During the emergence phase, the whole experimental surface was treated with the microbiological preparation EM Aktiv. In the feed control, 150 kg/ha of urea was used, so N1 129:60:60. In the N2 variant, 100 kg/ha urea was applied, so a total of 109:60:60 was entered. In the course of vegetation, crop was treated with 2 foliar treatment with EM Aktiv. Three varieties of wheat Pobeda, Ratarica and Nogal were found in two densities of 400 and 500 grains per 5 m2. The differences in yield yields were significantly affected by the yield. For all genotypes in the density of 500 grains/m2, higher grain yields were achieved. At the end of the vegetation, the content of light-chain phosphorus and potassium in the soil is classified. In the N2 variant, larger quantities of both elements were determined.

Na lokalitetu Bačke Topole, u 2013. i 2014. godine izveden je poljski ogled po slučajnom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja, sa rokovima setve običnog prosa (Panicum miliaceum L.) sorte NS Biserka. Primenjeni rokovi setve obuhvatili su vremenski period od dva meseca, od redovane setve (24. maja), preko zakasnele (6. juna), prave postrne (22. juna) do zakasnele postrne setve (8. jula). Prosečna visina biljke se linearno smanjivala sa kašnjenjem setve, kao i prinos prosa. U masi 1.000 zrna (krupnoći zrna) nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između rokova setve, ali je i tu najveća masa 1000 zrna bila u prvom roku setve i smanjivala se do zakasnele postrne setve. Između redovne i zakasnele setve postoje značajnije razlike u prinosu zrna. To se isto može reči i za razliku u prinosu između postrne i zakasnele postrne setve. Smanjenje prinosa zrna u postrnoj, u odnosu na redovnu setvu u ovom ogledu je oko 50%. A field experiment according to the random block system with four repetitions, with sowing times was performed in 2013 and 2014 at the site in Bačka Topola, for NS Biserka variety of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Applied sowing times covered a time period of two months, from regular sowing (24 May), to late sowing (6 June), real postharvest sowing (22 June), to late post-harvest sowing (8 July). Average plant height, as well as millet yield linearly decreased with later sowing. 1,000 grain weight (grain size) showed no statistically significant difference between sowing dates, however, the highest 1000 grain weight was registered for the first sowing date, and decreased to the late post-harvest sowing. There were significant differences for grain yield between regular and late sowing. The same can be said for the difference of yield between post-harvest and late post-harvest sowing. In this experiment, grain yield decrease in post-harvest in relation to regular sowing was approximately 50%.

Kukuruz je jedna od najznačajnijih žitarica u svetu i u Srbiji. Zbog značaja kukuruza u ishrani domaćih životinja do sada se pridavao veliki značaj izučavanju konvencionalnih sistema gajenja kukuruza. Obzirom na činjenicu da je danas kukuruz značajno zastupljen u ishrani ljudi sve su veći zahtevi za kukuruzom koji je zdravstveno bezbedan. Ovo iziskuje istraživanja i primenu novih tehnologija proizvodnje u održivim sistemima. Za cilj rada je postavljeno da se utvrdi masa 1000 zrna i visina prinosa zrna dva hibrida. Istraživanja su sprovedena na dve pracele KO Mali Iđoš gde je bio zasejan kukuruz ZP 505 i NS 640. Na delu ogleda koji se odnosi na konvencionalnu proizvodnju kao osnovno đubrivo korišćeno je 550 kg ha-1 (NPK 15:15:15) i URЕA 46% 100 kg ha-1 predsetveno. Na delu parcele za organsku proizvodnju koristio se kao osnovno đubrivo stajnjak 25 t ha-1 i predsetveno mikrobiološki preparat EM Aktiv 30 lit ha-1 i dva folijarna tretmana sa 7 lit ha-1. Hibrid ZP 505 je u oba oblika proizvodnje imao veće vrednosti ispitivanih parametara. Prosečno oba hibrida su u organskom sistemu proizvodnje imali za 9,26 % veću masu 1000 zrna i za 10,15 % viši prinos nego u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji. Maize is one of the most important cereals in the world and in Serbia. Due to the importance of maize in domestic animal nutrition, great importance has been given to the study of conventional maize farming systems. Considering the fact that today maize is significantly represented in human nutrition, there is a growing demand for maize that is health-safe. This requires research and application of new production technologies in sustainable systems. For the purpose of the work, it was set to determine the weight of 1000 grains and yield grain yields of two hybrids. The research was carried out on two traces of KO Mali Idjos where the maize ZP 505 and NS 640 were planted. 550 kg ha-1 (NPK 15:15:15) and UREA 46% 100 kg ha-1 were used pre-emptively in the part of the experiment referring to conventional production as basic fertilizer. On the part of the organic production plot, the primary fertilizer was 25 t ha-1 and the pre-emptive microbiological preparation EM Aktiv 30 lit ha-1 and two foliar treatments with 7 lit ha-1. The hybrid ZP 505 had higher values of the tested parameters in both production forms. In average, both the hybrids in the organic production system had 9.26% more weight of 1000 grains and 10, 15% higher yield than in conventional production.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj mineralne ishrane na prinos ozime pšenice sorte (Lazarica, Takovčanka, KG 56S, KG 100 i Ana Morava). Za ova istraživanja su izvedena dva ogleda (N1-80 kg/ha i N2-120 kg/ha). Studija je pokazala da je najveći prinos kod ispitivanih sorti pšenice postigla sorta Takovčanka (5,362 t/ha) sa kombinaciom đubrenja 120 kg/ha N,60 kg/ha P2O5 i 60 kg/ha K2O. Masa 1000 zrna kod ispitivanih sorti pšenice značajno je varirala zavisno od genotipa, a najveća prosečna masa hiljadu zrna (45,48 g) ustanovljena je kod sorte pšenice Takovčanka sa kombinacijom đubrenja N80P60K60. Investigations were carried out during the 2007/2008 year at the Center for Small Grains in Kragujevac. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of mineral nutrition on the yield of winter wheat varieties (Lazarica, Takovčanka, KG 56S, KG 100 and Ana Morava). Two experiments were conducted (N1-80 kg/ha and N2-120 kg/ha) in these investigation. The study showed that cultivar Takovčanka achieved their highest grain yield (5. 362 t/ha) with a fertilizer combination of N120P60K60. Thousand grain weights significantly varied across cultivars, and cultivar Takovčanka achieved the highest average value (45. 48 g) with a fertilizer combination of N80P60K60.

Alternativna žita su grupa ratarskih biljaka koje pripadaju žitima po botaničkoj pripadnosti ili po načinu gajenja i korišćenja zrna. Za naše farmere neke od vrsta mogu se definisati kao stara-nova i već pomalo zaboravljena žita, a druge su uvezene iz udaljenih predela. Stoga ih, zajedno sa već zaboravljenim žitima, treba uvrstiti u ratarsku proizvodnju na površinama koje bi bile neophodne za podmirenje domaćih potreba. Potrebe za proizvodima ovih žita u svetu sve više rastu, tako da bi se određene količine mogle izvesti. Veliki interes proizvođača hrane sa dodatnom vrednošću (funkcionalna, organska i bio-hrana) za ovim sirovinama počeo je posle proučavanja kvaliteta zrna alternativnih žita. Alternative cereals are a group of agricultural plants that belong to cereals, according to their botanical affiliation or by the method of cultivation and use of the main grain product. For our farmers, some such species can be defined as old-new and already somewhat forgotten cereals, while others are imported from distant regions. Therefore, together with already forgotten cereals, they should be included in crop production on surfaces that would be necessary to fulfill domestic needs. Since there is growing interest in these cereals in the world, certain quantities could also be used for export. The great interest of food producers in added value (functional, organic and bio-food) of these raw materials began after studying grain quality of alternative cereals.

The agriculture is the main sector where the greenhouse emission is the least reduced. In total emission of the nitrogen the agriculture in EU-28 in 2013 participated with 93%. One of the ways to reduce the greenhouse emission in the field of the food production are the sustainable systems such as the Precision Farming and the Law Input sustainable Agriculture. Law input sustainable agriculture in the world presents the largest way of food production especially from the aspect of energetic efficacy and improvement of the environment such as the preservation of the land quality. Wheat has very important place in the human nutrition especially in the undeveloped parts of the world there is bigger amount of the researches that are related to finding of profitable ways of the production with preservation of environment. With that aim have been done researches on experimental plot (test parcel) of the Institute PKB Agroekonomik in Padinska Skela (ΨN 440 56', λE 250 28') in vegetative period 2015/2016. The aim of the research was to explore the possibility of the cultivation of four genotypes of the wheat (Ratarica, Pobeda, Nogal, Apač) (factor A) by using organic fertilizers in the saving and foliar treatments with liquid microbiological preparation on the height of yield and microbiologic activity of the land in rhizosphere of the wheat. For foliar nutrition there was used liquid inoculate EM Aktiv where were mixed various types of effective microorganisms: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bac. subtilis, Bac. megaterium, Rhodopseudomona spalustris, Rodobacter sphaeroides, Saccharomyces carevisiae, Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces griseus. Fertilization: factor (B) was conceived in three variants. In the whole experiment in the autumn was put 400 kg NPK (15:15:15). For saving in the phase of twisting there were used: F1- mineral nitrogen fertilizer 150 kg.ha-1 (46% N); F2-1725 kg.ha-1 granulated poultry manure, (4,0% N, 2,7% P2O5, 2,2% K2O, MgO) 20 l.ha-1 of liquid microbiology inoculate in the soil + foliar treatment with 6 l.ha-1 of liquid microbiology inoculate in the phase of the tillering; and F3- 875 kg.ha-1 granulated poultry manure of the same formation + 20 l.ha-1 of liquid microbiology inoculate in the soil two foliar treatment in the phase of the tillering and stem elogation. The data were processed statistically by the method of the analyse of the variance by the method of two factorial split plot experiment and the importance of the differences between the treatment was tested with LSD test. Correlative coefficients have been also determined (Statistica 12.0). Examined variables statistically influenced with high importance (p0,05) je uticao genotip, dok đubrenje nije sttistički značajno uticalo na visinu prinosa. Đubrenje F2 je statistički značajno uticalo na visinu prinosa dok između F1 i F3 đubrenja nije bilo ststističke značajnosti.