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Uvod: Uprkos prepoznatoj vezi između nasilja u porodici i alkoholizma, druš- tvena i pravna podrška i zaštita porodice usledile su kasnije. Tek od druge po- lovine 20. veka pa sve do danas, beleži se veliki napredak u podizanju odgo- vornosti države da se nasilno ponašanje u porodici uzrokovano alkoholizmom prepozna i sankcioniše. Podaci ukazuju da je kod 50 do 60% presuda razlog za izricanje ove mere bezbednost i nasilje u porodici. Cilj: Cilj rada je prikaz tretmana osoba kojima je izrečena mera obaveznog lečenja alkolizma na slobodi, a koji su odlukom suda upućeni u Institut za men- talno zdravlje. Metod: Prikaz procesa tretmana u Institutu za mentalno zdravlje u Beogradu u kom se izvršava mera obaveznog lečenja alkoholičara na slobodi kroz Psihoedukativni program. Opisani su otpori u terapiji koji se javljaju usled od- sustva motivacije za lečenje, a koji neretko traju tokom celog tretmana. Iako tretman podrazumeva učešće saradnika u lečenju – članove porodice, važno je naglasiti da Psihoedukativni program nije terapija usmerena na dubinsku promenu ličnosti, niti je to porodična terapija alkoholizma. Rezultati: Početni deo tremana se sastoji od psihoedukativnog programa (6-8 nedelja) i obuhvata sticanje znanja o alkoholizmu kao bolesti (uzrocima, po- sledicama, pravilima ponašanja u apstinenciji), prepoznavanje ličnih i poro- dičnih posledica i zaustavljanje i korekcija zavisničkog i nasilničkog ponašanja. Rehabilitacioni deo tretmana odvija se u socio-terapijskom klubu lečenih alko- holičara gde se nastavlja sa učenjem i usvajanjem zdravih obrazaca ponaša- nja, odnosa, sistema vrednosti i stila života. Prikazana je saradnja sa drugim ustanovama i službama koje prate izvršenje ove sudske mere. Zaključak: Tretman osoba kojima je izrečena mera obaveznog lečenja na slo- bodi je složen proces u kom je neophodna bolja multisektorska saradnja i po- dizanje kapaciteta specijalizovanih službi kao i efikasniji sistem mera zaštite i podrške žrtvama nasilja. Introduction: In spite of the recognized relation between family violence and alcoholism, social and legal support, as well as family protection, have been available since recently. It is only from the second half of the 20th century until today that great progress has been made in raising the responsibility of the state to recognize and sanction violent behavior in the family. Data show that in 50 to 60% of convictions, domestic violence was the ground for the protection measure. Aim: To present mandatory outpatient treatment of persons who are referred to The Institute of Mental Health by Court decision. Method: Presentation of the treatment process at the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade where mandatory outpatient treatment of an alcoholic is administered by means of Psycho-educational Program. Defiance of therapy is described, occurring with lack of motivation for treatment, which frequently lasts during the whole treatment program. Although the treatment implies participation of contributors – family members, it is important to emphasize that Psycho-educational program is not the therapy aimed either at deep personal changes or is it equivalent to family therapy of alcoholism. Results: Initial treatment consists of a psycho-educational program (6-8 weeks) which includes acquiring knowledge of alcoholism as a disease (causes, consequences, behavior rules in abstinence period), recognizing personal and familial consequences and suspending and correcting addiction and violence behavior. The rehabilitation part of the program is carried out in a socio-therapeutic club of treated alcoholics, where patients continue to learn and adopt healthy patterns of behavior, relationships, values and lifestyle. Cooperation with other relevant institutions and services which follow up carrying out of the sentence is presented. Conclusion: Treatment of a person sentenced to mandatory outpatient treatment is a complex process where better multi-sectorial cooperation is necessary as well as strengthening the capacities of specialized services and more efficient system of protection measures and support to victims of violence.

Аутори овог рада говоре о феномену насиља у породици који има дуге корене, од патријархата до савременог друштва. Подсетили смо се врста породичног насиља и мера правне заштите од насиља и заокружили то неизоставним социолошким приступом проучавању овог феномена. Насиље у породици је индивидуални, групни, друштвени/национални и глобални проблем и неопходно је њиме се бавити, објашњавати га и нудити решења. У савременом друштву, које мора да буде синоним за људска права и слободе, нема места ни за какве видове насиља. The authors of this paper discusses the phenomenon of domestic violence, which has deep roots, and can be traced from the age of the patriarchate to modern society. The authors explored different types of domestic violence and measures of legal protection against violence. The paper concludes with an all-important sociological approach to the study of this phenomenon. Domestic violence is an individual, group, social / national and global problem, and it is necessary to deal with it, explain it and offer solutions. In contemporary society, which must be synonymous with human rights and freedoms, no form of violence has a place.

Cilj ove disertacije je da kroz prizmu koncepta transgresije i transgresivnog sagleda poetiku Nika Kejva. Reč je o opusu koji je formalno, žanrovski i tematski veoma raznolik, a transgresivnost se ispostavila kao jedna od ključnih osobenosti Kejvovih tekstova, koja ujedno pruža mogućnost tumačenja najvećeg dela njegovog stvaralaštva. Uvodni deo disertacije bavi se pojmovima transgresije i transgresivne književnosti kao književnog modusa, dugo i jasno prisutnog u okvirima književne tradicije. Transgresija se posmatra kroz pojmove zla, zazornog ili abjekatskog, karnevalskog, monstruoznog, gotskog i grotesknog, kao najčešćih koncepata u kojima se ona manifestuje. Nakon pregleda različitih koncepata u kojima se transgresivno realizuje u književnom stvaralaštvu, sledi pregled izdvojenih najučestalijih elemenata koji definišu određeni književni diskurs kao transgresivan. Četiri pojma se nameću kao ključni elementi transgresivnog diskursa: transgresivni junak, jezik prestupa, nasilje i naglašen prisustvo tela i telesnog. Nakon toga tekst disertacije se usredsređuje na biografske podatke o Niku Kejvu relevantne za ovu studiju, a potom sledi poglavlje o glavnim karakteristikama Kejvove poetike, s posebnim osvrtima na njegove autopoetičke tekstove i uticaj Svetog pisma na njegovo stvaralaštvo. Nakon toga slede poglavlja koja se bave Kejvovim poetskim i proznim tekstovima sagledanim kroz prizmu koncepta transgresivnosti. Kejvove pesme su podeljene u četiri grupe prema poetskom fokusu: 1) balade o ubistvima; 2) transgresivne ljubavne pesme; 3) pesme apokalipse i gradskog okruženja; i 4) pesme s elementima mitološke i literarne parodije. U okviru poglavlja podudarnih s tom podelom, analizirane su konkretne pesme, s fokusom na transgresivne elemente u njihovim narativima. Pretposlednja celina rada donosi kratak osvrt na neveliko Kejvovo prozno delo – romane I magarica ugleda anđela i Smrt Zeke Manroa. To poglavlje razmatra osobine koje ih određuju kao transgresivne književne diskurse i zaključuje da je reč o veoma sličnim romanima iako ih kritika doživljava kao vrlo različita prozna ostvarenja. U finalnom delu rada ukratko su sumirane predočene teze i zaključci i kao krajnji rezultat navedena je činjenica da je transgresivnost u Kejvovoj poetici gotovo neizostavno prisutna, te se ispostavlja kao karakteristika koja suštinski određuje njenu celokupnu umetničku prirodu. The aim of this dissertation is to give an analysis of Nick Cave’s poetics through the prism of the concepts of transgression and transgressiveness. In terms of form, genre and themes, Cave’s work is highly diverse, and transgression turned out to be one of the key features of his writings. At the same time, it provides an opportunity to capture most of his work when interpreting Cave’s poetry and fiction. The introductory chapter of the dissertation deals with the notions of transgression and transgressive literature, taken as a literary mode, which has been clearly present in the literary tradition for a long time. Transgression is analyzed through the notions of evil, abjection, carnivalesque, monstrous, gothic and grotesque, since they are the most frequent concepts of its manifestation. Following is an overview of selected elements which most often define a certain literary discourse as transgressive. Four notions are taken as the key elements of a transgressive discourse: transgressive hero, language of transgression, violence and prominent presence of carnality. The next chapter focuses on Nick Cave’s biography, especially on its parts relevant for this research. After that, the main characteristics of Cave’s poetry are discussed, with a particular interpretation of his own texts which explain his poetic foundations and the influence of The Bible on his work. The following chapters bring a reading of Cave’s poetic and prose writing through the perspective of transgression. Cave’s poems are divided into four groups based on their poetic focus: 1) murder ballads; 2) transgressive love songs; 3) apocalyptic and city songs; 4) songs with elements of mythological and literary parody. The songs belonging to the suggested groups are analyzed, focusing on transgressive elements in their narratives. The penultimate segment of the dissertation is dedicated to Cave’s smaller portion of work, his novels And the Ass Saw the Angel and The Death of Bunny Munro. This chapter looks at the characteristics which define these two narratives as transgressive literary discourses and concludes that their transgressive mode makes them very similar actually, even though they are traditionally perceived as fundamentally different pieces of fiction by critics. The final chapter shortly summarizes proposed ideas and conclusions. It defines the dissertation’s final result: transgression is almost unavoidable in Cave’s poetics, thus becoming the crucial trait which essentially defines its whole artistic nature.

In modern times, educational system is, among other things, based on the principle of inclusivity, which means that education must be accessible and adapted to everyone’s needs so that it enables each individual to develop, progress and reach one’s full potential. On the other hand, it is indisputable that educational system is not immune from violence. The question is how to prevent violence against students with developmental and other disabilities. Having in mind general neglect of the given topic in the literature, the paper summarizes results of various surveys on violence against students with disabilities in the context of inclusive education. The aim of the paper is to point out to some of the crucial guidelines on which the prevention and suppression of violence in an inclusive educational system could be based. U savremeno doba obrazovno-vaspitni sistem se, između ostalog, bazira na načelu inkluzije koja podrazumeva da obrazovanje mora biti svima dostupno i prilagođeno individualnim potrebama kako bi svaki pojedinac dobio priliku da se razvija, napreduje i realizuje svoje pune potencijale. Sa druge strane, ne- sporno je da obrazovno-vaspitni sistem nije imun na problem nasilja. Postavlja se pitanje kako sprečiti da učenici sa razvojnim smetnjama i različitim ob- licima invaliditeta postanu žrtve nasilja. Imajući u vidu zapostavljenost ove teme u literaturi, izlaganja u radu su posvećena rezimiranju rezultata istraživanja o nasilju u kontekstu inkluzivnog obrazovanja. Cilj rada jeste da se ukaže na osnovne smernice na kojima bi se moglo zasnivati preveniranje i suzbijanje nasilja u inkluzivnom obrazovno-vaspitnom sistemu

Kriminalitet sa elementima nasilja, izvršen u okviru porodice i partnerskih odnosa, izaziva znatno zanimanje javnosti, što se reflektuje i na intenzivniju aktivnost zakonodavca. U Republici Srbiji, pored krivičnopravne zaštite, donošenjem Porodičnog zakona 2005. godine, sistem mera zaštite od nasilja u porodici i partnerskim odnosima je proširen i na porodičnopravnu zaštitu. Dodatno, Srbija je 2013. godine ratifikovala i Konvenciju Saveta Evrope o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici iz 2011. godine (Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic violence, CETS No. 10). Poslednji set mera iz ove oblasti je usvojen 2016. godine, kada je Skupština izglasala Zakon o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici, koji je stupio na snagu juna 2017. godine. Usvajanjem, izmenama i dopunama zakonodavne materije, predviđene su mere koje se baziraju na multisektorskoj saradnji nadležnih institucija. Ipak, i dalje postoje značajni problemi u njihovoj primeni. Posledice kažnjavanja i segregacije za ovu vrstu delikata, odražavaju se na ukupnost porodičnih odnosa, kažnjenu osobu, ali i na decu, kao direktne ili indirektne žrtve, kako kriminalnog akta, tako i posledica krivičnopravne reakcije. Ciljevi rada su usmereni na eksploraciju diskutabilnih zakonodavnih rešenja, kaznene politike, problema u izvršenju kazne zatvora u Srbiji, koji se dodatno multiplikuju kada je reč o ovoj grupi počinilaca krivičnih dela. Cilj je takođe da se ukaže na nepovezanost državnih sistema, što za posledicu nekada ima neblagovremeno i neadekvatno reagovanje. S druge strane, nastojaćemo ukazati i na primere dobre inostrane prakse, posebno u domenu saradnje institucija, načina reagovanja i primene specijalizovanih tretmana prema počiniocima. Crime with elements of violence committed within a family or romantic relationship attracts significant amount of public interest which is further reflected in more intense legislative actions. Beside criminal justice protection in the Republic of Serbia, the system of measurements of protection against domestic violence and violence in relationships was expanded to family law protection with passing of Family Law in 2005. Additionally, in 2013 Serbia ratified the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence from 2011 (Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, CETS No. 10). The latest set of measurements in this field was adopted in 2016, when the Parliament passed the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence which took an effect in June 2017. Passing, amendments and supplements to the legislative matter introduced measurements based on multi-sector cooperation of appropriate institutions. None the less, significant issues in their application persist. The consequences of punishment and segregation for this sort of crime reflect the entire family relationships, the punished person but also the children, as well as the direct and indirect victims of the criminal act, but also of the criminal law reaction itself. The aims of this paper are directed towards exploration of the controversial legislative solutions, penal policies, issues in prison sentence serving in Serbia which are additionally multiplied when it comes to this group of convicts. The goal is also to stress the lack of communication within the state’s systems which, at times, results in untimely and inadequate reactions. On the other hand, we shall endeavour to point out some examples of a good application in foreign practice, especially in the domain of cooperation between institutions, their manner of reaction as well as the application of specialized treatments towards the offenders. Društvene devijacije, Porodica i savremeno društvo - izazovi i perspektive

У раду се бавимо интимним партнерским насиљем у породици (IPDV) и његовим утицајем на ментално и физичко здравље жена. Дали смо преглед истраживања менталног и физичког здравља жена жртава интимног партнерског на- сиља у породици. Дата истраживања казују да жене жртве насиља углавном обољевају од депресије и посттрауматског стресног поремећаја, као и повишене анксиозности. This paper deals with Intimate Partner Domestic Violence (IPDV) and its impact on the mental and physical health of women. We gave an overview of the research on the mental and physical health of women victims of Intimate Partner Domestic Violence. Data from the survey indicate that women who are victims of violence are mainly affected by depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as heightened anxiety.

Rad analizira komunikološku dimenziju terorističkog akta, polazeći od pretpostavke da se za nasiljem poseže radi prenošenja različitih poruka neverbalnim putem. Kroz istraživanje tehnike propagande nasilnom akcijom, na kojoj se u velikoj meri temelji komunikaciona taktika terorista, autor teži da ispita dalekosežnije domete komunikacione strategije pobunjeničkih formacija u borbi protiv dominantne hegemonije. Kombinujući elemente teorijske koncepcije propagandi Žaka Elila (Jacques Ellul) sa kulturološkim pristupom u objašnjavanju mehanizama funkcionisanja hegemonije, autor opovrgava gledišta koja pobunjenicima negiraju mogućnost da, korišćenjem nasilnih akata, efikasno ostvare propagandnu nameru. Autor zaključak zasniva na tri argumenta. Prvo, da je u savremenoj propagandi uticaj na ponašanje publike (ortopraxie) korisniji cilj od uticaja na promenu njenih stavova (ortodoxie). Drugo, da je u pretpropagandnom polju moguće uočiti elemente na koje se nasilni akt može nadovezati, a koji izmiču hegemonskoj kontroli, usled protivurečnosti između ideoloških naracija i realne strukture. Treće, da se terorističkim aktom nosioci istovremeno obraćaju različitim vrstama publike, sa različitim ciljevima. Autor zaključuje da se propagandna efikasnost može ispoljiti na dva plana: 1) kratkoročno, kada nasilni akt deluje kao direktni „okidač” za željeno ponašanje publike; i 2) dugoročno, uključivanjem čina i izazvanog ponašanja u mrežu sećanja, koje postaje element pretpropagande na koji se u budućnosti može referisati. Ključne reči: terorizam, komunikacija, propaganda, nasilje, propaganda nasilnom akcijom, Žak Elil, propaganda agitacije, propaganda integracije, pretpropaganda, hegemonija. The paper focuses on the communicological dimension of the terrorist act, starting from the position that the violence is used to convey various messages in a non-verbal way. Throughout the research into the propaganda of the deed, the technique on which communicational tactics of terrorists are mostly based, the author seeks to examine extensive ranges of communication strategies used by insurgent groups against dominant hegemony. By combining the elements of Jacques Ellul's theoretical conception of propaganda along with the cultural approach in the interpretation of mechanisms in which hegemony operates, the author refutes perspectives that deny rebellions’ possibilities for efficient realization of their propaganda goals by using acts of violence. The author’s conclusion is based on three arguments. Firstly, for modern propaganda, provoking the behavior of the audience (ortopraxie) is a more important goal than influencing its attitudes (orthodoxy). Secondly, it is possible to notice elements in the pre-propaganda field, which evade hegemonic control, due to the contradiction between ideological narratives and the real structure, and which insurgent propaganda may utilize. Lastly – by means of terrorist acts, their performers address different types of audiences with different goals simultaneously. The author concludes that the efficiency of propaganda can be manifested in two manners: in the short term – when an act of violence represents a direct “trigger” for the desired behavior of the audience; in the long term – by including the act and provoked behavior in the network of memories, which becomes an element of pre-propaganda that can be referred to in the future.

Заштита људских права и слобода један је од примарних циљева полиције у демократском друштву. Међутим, ниједно друштво није имуно на различите појавне облике незаконитог рада полиције. Неки од њих, попут полицијске тортуре (бруталности), представљају најтеже облике не само незаконитог већ и нехуманог поступања према грађанима. Имајући то у виду, чинило нам се важним да у овом раду размотримо изнова најзначајније аспекте феномена „полицијске тортуреˮ – основна значења, узроке, начине и последице његовог манифестовања. Наша намера је да на тај начин бар делимично отклонимо одређене недоумице у тумачењу ове појаве, али и да уједно повећамо заинтересованост научне јавности за истраживање полицијске тортуре, и то не само кроз теоријску анализу већ и кроз емпиријска истраживања конкретне појаве. Потреба за тим произлази из чињенице да у нашим условима нису до сада у довољном броју спроведена таква истраживања у којима би се системски и свеобухватно истражио феномен „полицијске тортуреˮ. Тhe protection of human rights is one of primary goals of police work in democratic societies. However, no society is immune to the various forms of illegal police work. Some of them, like police torture, are the hardest forms of illegal police activity and the inhuman treatment of citizens as well. The paper focuses on the aspects that appear to be essential, so the paper considers the most important aspects of the phenomenon of "police torture" - the basic meanings, causes, ways and consequences of its manifestation. Our goal is to remove certain doubts in the interpretation of this phenomenon, but also to increase the interest in investigating the appearance of torture in the police. Such a scientific study has not been conducted so far, so there is a need for further comprehensive investigations of the "police torture" phenomenon.

Poslednjih godina, viktimizacija nastavnika na radnom mestu postala je predmet interesovanja brojnih istraživača iz različitih zemalja. Prethodna istraživanja sugerišu da je većina nastavnika doživela nasilno ponašanje učenika tokom karijere, a da su nastavnici zaposleni u školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju posebno ugroženi. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje razlika u učestalosti i pojavnim oblicima nasilnog ponašanja učenika prema nastavnicima u srednjim školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju u odnosu na druge srednje škole. Uzorak čini 96 nastavnika u školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju i 566 nastavnika u gimnazijama, srednjim stručnim školama i srednjim umetničkim školama. Za procenu viktimizacije nastavnika korišćen je upitnik Radne grupe za nasilje u učionici usmereno prema nastavnicima Američkog udruženja psihologa (APA Classroom Violence Directed Against Teachers Task Force). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da između dva poduzorka nastavnika nema razlika u ukupnoj viktimizaciji, ali da postoje značajne razlike u pogledu pojavnih oblika nasilnog ponašanja učenika kojima su izloženi. Nastavnici u školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju učestalije su izloženi nepristojnim rečima [t (115,953) = -2,841; p = 0,005; η2 = 0,01] i nepristojnim gestovima [t (111,666) = -2,441; p = 0,016; η2 = 0,01], a nastavnici u drugim srednjim školama elektronskom nasilju [t (572,475) = 4,617; p < 0,001; η2 = 0,03] i pretnjama oružjem [t (565,000) = 3,498; p = 0,001; η2 = 0,02]. Dobijeni nalazi podržavaju pretpostavku o specifičnostima nasilnog ponašanja učenika prema nastavnicima u školama za učenike sa smetnjama u razvoju i impliciraju potrebu za daljim proučavanjem ove problematike. In recent years, victimization of teachers in the workplace has become a subject of interest to numerous researchers from different countries. Previous research suggests that most teachers have experienced students’ violent behavior during their careers, and that teachers in schools for students with disabilities are particularly vulnerable. The aim of this research was to determine the differences inequency and forms of students’ violent behavior directed against teachers in secondary schools for students with disabilities compared to other secondary schools. The sample consisted of 96 teachers in secondary schools for students with disabilities and 566 teachers in grammar schools, vocational secondary schools and secondary art schools. APA Classroom Violence Directed Against Teachers Task Force questionnaire was used to collect data on students’ violent behavior directed against teachers. Research results indicated that there were no differences in total victimization between two subsamples of teachers, but there were significant differences in the forms of students’ violent behavior they were exposed to. Teachers in schools for students with disabilities were more often exposed to obscene remarks [t (115.953) = -2.84; p = 0.005; η2 = 0.01] and obscene gestures [t (111.666) = -2.44; p = 0.016; η2 = 0.01], while exposure to electronic violence [t (572.475) = 4.62; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.03] and weapons threats [t (565.000) = 3.50; p = 0.001; η2 = 0.02] were more frequent in other secondary schools. The obtained findings support the assumption about the specificities of students’ violent behavior directed against teachers in schools for students with disabilities and imply the need for further study of this problem.

Cilj rada je da prikaže zalaganja civilnog društva za pravnu zaštitu žena od nasilja i razvoj zakonodavnog okvira za zaštitu žena od nasilja u Srbiji. Zalaganja za pravnu zaštitu žena od nasilja počela su osamdesetih da bi bila intenzivirana tokom devedesetih godina XX veka i to zahvaljujući aktivnostima ženskih grupa i feminističkih istraživačica. Međutim, do prvih zakonodavnih reformi i instrumenata pravne zaštite žena od nasilja dolazi tek nakon političkih promena 2000. godine, iako u to vreme još uvek nije postojao jasan strateški okvir i državna politika za zaštitu žena od nasilja. Razvoj državne politike, ratifikacija Istanbulske konvencije i otvaranje pregovora za pristupanje Evropskoj uniji (EU) postavili su novi okvir za zalaganja civilnog društva, koja su usmerena na harmonizaciju pozitivnih propisa i politika sa međunarodnim i evropskim standardima i dalje unapređenje pravne zaštite žena od nasilja. U radu je prvo dat pregled zalaganja civilnog društva za pravnu zaštitu žena od nasilja, a potom i prikaz razvoja relevantnog zakonodavnog okvira. U zaključnom delu je data ocena postojeće pravne zaštite žena od nasilja i ukazano na pravce daljih zalaganja. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of advocacy of the civil society in Serbia for legal reforms for better protection of women from violence and the development of the legislative framework for the protection of women victims of violence. Advocacy for legal protection of women against violence in Serbia began already in 1980s, primarily due to the activities of women’s groups and feminist researchers. Advocacy activities intensified during the 1990s. In 1994, the Group for Women’s Rights of the European Movement in Serbia prepared a first draft of amendments to the laws related to domestic violence and marital rape. Although not successful, this advocacy was very important in terms of raising awareness of state officials and general public about violence against women. First legal reforms and establishment of normative framework for the protection of women against violence, especially domestic violence, sexual violence and human trafficking, occurred only after political changes in 2000. They were initiated and largely based on drafts written by the experts of the Victimology Society of Serbia. The basis for these changes was the proposal of a harmonized reform of several laws in order to ensure criminal, civil and misdemeanour protection of women against various forms of gender-based violence developed in 1998 and further improved after 2000. Advocacy that followed resulted in first instruments of legal protection of women victims of violence: domestic violence was foreseen as a standalone criminal offense, restraining orders have been introduced, legal protection against sexual violence has been improved, and human trafficking was criminalized. Since the acceptance of Serbia’s EU candidacy and the start of the EU integration process, a strategic framework for the protection of women against violence has been developed; the protocols for dealing with domestic and intimate partner violence and other implementation instruments have been adopted, which set up a basis for more efficient implementation of legal norms in practice. Ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence and opening negotiations for the EU accession set a new framework for advocacy and contributed to further improvement of legal protection of women against violence. Stalking, sexual harassment, female genital mutilation and forced marriage have been incriminated. The Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence was adopted, which aims to ensure effective prevention from domestic violence and urgent, adequate and effective protection and support to victims through improvement of coordination and cooperation between competent services. This should ensure integrated, multi-sector and human rights-based approach to prevention, prosecution and protection of women victims of violence. Normative framework for the protection of women against violence is to a large extent in compliance with relevant international standards and the European law. However, it still needs to be fully harmonized with the Istanbul Convention and other ratified international treaties. On the other hand, it remains to monitor application of legislation in practice in order to assess its consistency, effectiveness and continue evidence-based advocacy for further improvement of protection of women victims of violence.

Kada govorimo o nasilju u školama, obično se misli na vršnjačko nasilje ili nasilje odraslih prema učenicima u školskom okruženju. Nastavnici kao žrtve nasilja učenika su mnogo ređe predmet interesovanja istraživača i šire javnosti. Prevalenca ovog fenomena nije zanemarljiva. Prema nekim podacima, od 75% do 80% nastavnika osnovnih i srednjih škola tokom svoje karijere pretrpi neki oblik nasilja od strane učenika. Nastavnici su najčešće izloženi verbalnom, emocionalnom/psihološkom, fizičkom i socijalnom nasilju. Akti nasilja uključuju direktno verbalno zlostavljanje, pretnje ili fizički napad, oduzimanje ili oštećivanje imovine, ogovaranje, ignorisanje, ometanje rada. Socijalno nasilje se često sprovodi anonimno, korišćenjem mobilnih telefona, interneta i društvenih mreža. Pored učenika, kao učinioci nasilja javljaju se i njihovi roditelji. Tamna brojka ovih pojava je velika jer se nastavnici nerado odlučuju da prijave lakše oblike nasilja. Nema dovoljno podataka o načinima na koje nadležni u školama reaguju na prijavljene slučajeve nasilja. Nasilje učenika nad nastavnicima je veoma ozbiljan problem. Istraživanja pokazuju da nasilje nad nastavnicima može imati dugotrajne negativne posledice po njihovo telesno, psihičko i emocionalno zdravlje, povezanost sa školom, posvećenost poslu i radni učinak. Predmet ovog rada je pojava nasilja nad nastavnicima od strane učenika osnovnih i srednjih škola. Cilj rada je da ukaže na problem nasilja i potrebu istraživanja fenomenologije i posledica nasilja učenika nad nastavnicima. Talking about school violence usually refers to peer violence or violence against students by adults in school environment. Teachers as victims of student violence are less often of concern to researchers and the general public. The prevalence of this phenomenon is not negligible. According to some data, 75% to 80% of teachers in primary and secondary schools have suffered some form of student violence during their careers. Teachers are usually subjected to verbal, emotional/psychological, physical, and social violence. Acts of violence include direct verbal abuse, physical threats or assaults, taken or destroyed property, gossiping, ignoring, obstructions of teacher’s work. Social violence is often conducted anonymously, using mobile phones, the Internet and social networks. Students’ parents also occur as perpetrators of violence along with students. The dark figure of this phenomenon is great because teachers are reluctant to report mild forms of violence. There is not enough information about the ways in which school officials respond to reported cases of violence. Student violence against teachers is a very serious problem. Research shows that violence against teachers may have long-term negative consequences on teachers’ physical, mental and emotional health, connectedness to school, dedication, and job performance. The subject of this paper is the phenomenon of violence against teachers by students in primary and secondary schools. The aim is to highlight the problem of violence and the need to study the phenomenology and consequences of student violence against teachers.

The results of previous studies consistently suggest that the teaching profession carries a high risk of victimization in the workplace. Teachers' exposure to violence is a relatively new field of scientific research, which is why the data on the scope and nature of this problem is limited, especially in our country. This paper presents the results of research on the frequency and characteristics of students' violent behavior directed against teachers in our schools. The sample consisted of 564 secondary school teachers from all over Serbia. The APA Classroom Violence Directed Against Teachers Task Force questionnaire was used to assess victimization of teachers. Research results indicated that, during the previous school year, almost 80% of teachers had experienced violent behavior from students, most frequently in the form of obscene remarks or gestures. Victimization was significantly related to gender, age, and length of teachers' work experience. Furthermore, significant relationships were determined between victimization of teachers and school type, size, and location. The obtained findings about the prevalence and factors related to victimization of teachers can have significant implications for future research and practice. Rezultati prethodnih istraživanja konzistentno sugerišu da profesija nastavnika nosi visok rizik viktimizacije na radnom mestu. Izloženost nastavnika nasilju je relativno novo područje naučnog proučavanja, te raspolažemo ograničenim informacijama o obimu i prirodi ovog problema, posebno u našoj zemlji. U ovom radu prezentovani su rezultati istraživanja o učestalosti i karakteristikama nasilnog ponašanja učenika prema nastavnicima u našim školama. Uzorak čine 564 nastavnika srednjih škola iz cele Srbije. Za procenu viktimizacije nastavnika korišćen je upitnik Radne grupe za nasilje u učionici usmereno prema nastavnicima Američkog udruženja psihologa (APA Classroom Violence Directed Against Teachers Task Force). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je tokom prethodne školske godine skoro 80 odsto nastavnika doživelo nasilno ponašanje učenika, najčešće u vidu nepristojnih reči ili gestova. Viktimizacija je značajno povezana sa polom, starošću i dužinom radnog staža nastavnika. Takođe su otkrivene značajne veze viktimizacije nastavnika sa vrstom, veličinom i lokacijom škole. Dobijeni nalazi o prevalenciji i faktorima viktimizacije nastavnika mogu imati značajne implikacije za buduća istraživanja i praksu.

Nasilje u porodici jeste problem koji egzistira u porodici od njenih najprimitivnijih oblika, koji prožima sva društva i sve kulture bez obzira na stepen njihove razvijenosti. Postojanje nasilja u porodici se ne primećuje dovoljno jer ga članovi porodice čuvaju kao tajnu, smatrajući da je to što se dešava u porodici deo njihove privatnosti. Krivično delo nasilja u porodici uvedeno je u zakonodavstvo Republike Srbije 2002. godine, kada država po prvi put objavljuje da nasilje u porodici nije lična stvar porodice nego da je društveno i državno pitanje, čime se obavezuje da učinioce ovog krivičnog dela kažnjava. Neposredni povod za uvođenje ove inkriminacije u naše krivično zakonodavstvo bila je težnja za zaštitom porodice i porodične zajednice kao opšteg zaštitnog objekta, ali i zaštitom pojedinih članova od drugog člana porodice koji primenjuje nasilje. Dostupni statistički podaci, ukazuju da je ova pojava sve više zastupljena, odnosno da se iz godine u godinu broj prijavljenih slučajeva nasilja u porodici uvećava. Takođe, uvećava se i broj osuđenih za krivično delo nasilje u porodici, iako je evidentno da je taj broj daleko manji od broja prijavljenih slučajeva. U radu su korišćeni zvanični podaci Republičkog zavoda za statistiku Republike Srbije za period od 2007. do 2016. godine. Cilj rada je sagledati obim prijava i optuženja za krivično delo nasilje u porodici. Dodatno, sa aspekta utvrđivanja blage, odnosno stroge kaznene politike, analiza je vršena u pravcu utvrđivanja vrste i mere izrečenih krivičnih sankcija za nasilje u porodici. Ne nasilju - jedinstven društveni odgovor

Ciljevi rada su usmereni na eksploraciju mogućnosti i empirijskih iskustava u primeni penalnih tretmana fokusiranih na promenu ponašanja nasilnih prestupnika. U radu su prikazani pojedini modeli tretmana koji se primenjuju prema osudjenima za nasilna krivična dela u penalnim uslovima u svetu. Kažnjavanje nasilnika najčešće ima retributivna obeležja, dok su, u našim uslovima, odsutne specijalizovane tretmanske komponente. Društvena reakcija dovodi do ekstremnih zahteva za izricanjem najstrožih kazni, pa i za povratak smrtne kazne u repertoar krivičnih sankcija. Istovremeno, nedostaju zahtevi za sprovođenje penalnih tretmana osuđenih nasilnika. Prikazom nekih od modela penalnog tretmana koji se sprovode u pojedinim državama prema ovoj kategoriji osuđenih, nastojimo ukazati da nisu eksploatisani postojeći potencijali u društvenom reagovanju. Ispitivanje statičkih i dinamičkih faktora kriminalnog ponašanja nasilnika, daje mogućnost fokusiranja penalnog tretmana na neke od ustanovljenih faktora. Osim konstatovanja stanja, ustanovljavanja stepena visokog ili veoma visokog rizika, penalna praksa oskudeva u tretmanima usmerenim na dinamičke faktore nasilnog kriminaliteta. Kvalitetna etiološka saznanja nemaju odraza kroz adekvatne penalne tretmane, tako da ostaju na nivou konstatacija. U penalnim sistemima gde se primenjuju tretmani prema nasilnim osuđenim, beleži se različit stepen efektivnosti. Proces usavršavanja i modelovanja ka efektivnijim oblicima penalnog tretmana nasilnika daje odgovor na osnovno pitanje - šta raditi sa ovom kategorijom osuđenih u zatvoru. Poznato je da simplifikovano zatvaranje, segregacija, izolacija i odmazda, nisu dovoljni, niti daju efekte u pravcu redukcije recidivizma. Zanemaruje se činjenica da preko 97% osuđenih jednom izlazi iz zatvora. Zapostavljanje dinamičkih faktora rizika samo odlaže problem nasilnog ponašanja za izvesno vreme. Situacija se dodatno usložnjava negativnim komponentama stečenim boravkom na izvršenju zatvorske kazne. Radom ukazujemo da penalna praksa u domenu redukovanja nasilnog kriminaliteta može biti efektivnija. Potencijal naučnih i empirijskih saznanja može biti eksploatisan u penalnim uslovima u pravcu redukcije nasilja i recidivizma. Ignorisanje tih saznanja neće redukovati nasilje, ma koliko duge zatvorske kazne bile izricane. This paper’s aims are focused on exploration of possibilities and empirical experiences in application of penal treatments focused on changes in behavior of violent perpetrators. The paper describes specific models of the treatments used on those convicted of violent crimes in penal conditions in the world. Punishments for perpetrators are most commonly of retributive nature while, in our environment, specialized treatment components are absent. Social reaction leads to extreme demands for sentencing ones to the most severe punishments, and even for re-introduction of the death penalty into the repertoire of criminal sanctions. Simultaneously, requests for conducting penal treatments on the sentenced violent perpetrators show absence. With the overview of some penal treatment models, which in certain states are applied on this category of convicts, we attempt to emphasize that the existing potentials in social reactions have not been utilized. Analysis of statistics and dynamic factors of the criminal behavior of violent perpetrators provides possibility of focusing the penal treatment onto some of the determined factors. Apart from verifying the state and ascertaining the degree of high or very high risks, penal practice lacks the treatments focused on dynamic factors of violent criminality. Quality etiological findings show no reflection in the form of adequate penalty treatments, so they linger on the level of being just mere declarations. In those penal systems where treatments towards violent perpetrators are applied various degrees of effectiveness are noted. The process of improvement and modeling towards the more effective forms of penal treatments for the violent perpetrators provides an answer to a basic question – what to do with this category of convicts in prisons. Simple incarceration, segregation, isolation and retribution are recognized but are not sufficient enough, nor do they have effects on recidivism reduction. The fact that over 97% of the convicts are bound to leave the prison is being overseen. Dismissing the dynamic risk factors only postpones the matter of violent behavior for some time. The situation is being complicated further by negative components obtained in serving prison sentence. With this paper we highlight that penal practice in the domain of violent criminality reduction may be more effective. The potential of scientific and empirical knowledge may be exploited in penal conditions towards violence and recidivism reduction. Ignoring them will not reduce violence despite convicting the perpetrators to long prison sentences. Ne nasilju – jedinstven društveni odgovor

Tokom poslednjih godina Srbija se susreće sa problemom nasilničkog ponašanja na sportskim priredbama, a neretko ovakvi događaji rezultiraju teškim telesnim povredama i velikim materijalnim štetama. Osim toga sportske manifestacije tako dobijaju negativnu konotaciju, iako bi sport trebalo da doprinese konstruktivnom razvoju dece i mladih. U cilju rešavanja ovih problema u Srbiji su usvajani novi i menjani već postojeći zakoni. U radu su data pojmovna opredeljenja nasilja na sportskim priredbama, a potom, primenom normativno-dogmatskog i komparativnog metoda, analizirana srpska zakonska rešenja uz osvrt na stanje i probleme u praksi, kao i na usaglašenost naše legislative sa međunarodnim, i posebno evropskim, standardima u ovoj oblasti. Svrha rada jeste da se posredno ukaže na moguće pravce reformisanja postojećih rešenja. Serbia has been facing the problem of violence at sports events, especially over the last few years. Such events have often resulted in serious bodily harm and significant material damage. In addition, sports events have been getting a negative connotation, although sport should contribute to a constructive development of children and young people. In order to solve these problems, new legal texts have been adopted and already existing texts have been amended in Serbia. Thus, the paper provides conceptual definitions of violence at sports events, and then, using the normative-dogmatic and comparative method, it offers analysis of serbian legal solutions with a review of the situation and problems occuring in practice, as well as analysis of the compliance of serbian legislation with international, and especially european, standards in this area. The purpose of the paper is to indicate the possible directions for the reform of the existing solutions. Ne nasilju - jedinsktevni društveni odgovor

Nasilno ponašenje dece u školskom okruženju iz perspek- tive institucije predstavlja jedan od oblika ponašanja koji onemogućava uspešnu socijalnu integraciju u školsku kulturu. Socijalna inkluzija dece koja se nasilno ponašaju zahteva dublje razumevanje uzroka problema kako bi ovaj društveni projekat postao efikasan i održiv. Razni oblici društvene i institu- cionalne nebrige i zanemarivanja dece i mladih u dužem vremen- skom periodu pokazatelj su nepostojanja društveno artikuli- sanog odgovora i odsustva strategije koja bi ponudila izlaz iz narastajućeg problema nasilnog ponašanja dece u društvu Srbije. Polazeći od J. Galtungove (Galtung) definicije nasilja kao ob- lika socijalnog odnosa rad nastoji da rekonstruiše aktuelne odnose između različitih socijalnih aktera koji interreaguju i utiču jedni na druge unutar zadatih institucionalnih koor- dinata školskog sistema u Srbiji, s ciljem da ponudi kritički osvrt, mapira postojeće probleme unutar školskog konteksta koji doprinose perpetuiranju nasilnih oblika ponašanja i ukaže na moguće pravce njihovog dekonstruisanja poštujući principe socijalne pravde, ljudskih prava i sloboda. U suprotnom, programi socijalne inkluzije bili bi samo još jedan projekat opravdavanja i učvršćivanja postojećih društvenih nejednakosti i nepravdi. Violent behavior of children in the school social context from the perspective of institutions is a form of behavior that prevents successful social integration into the school culture. Social inclusion of children who are acting violently requires a deeper understanding of the causes, in order to make this social project an efficient and sustainable. Various forms of social and institutional neglect of children and young people over a longer period of time are an indication of the lack of socialy articulated response and the absence of strategy that would offer a way out of the growing problem of violent behavior among children in Serbian society. Starting from J. Galtung’s definition of violence as a form of social relation. the paper tries to reconstruct the current relations between different social actors that interact within a given institutional coordinates of the school system in Serbia, aiming to offer a critical insight, to mapp the existing problems within the school context that contribute to the perpetuation of violent forms of behavior and to point out possible directions of their deconstruction respecting the principles of social justice, human rights and personal freedoms. Otherwise, the social inclusion programs would be just another project of justifying and reinforcing existing social inequalities and injustices.

Delinquent behavior of students, both in our country and in the countries in the region and the world, is a very topical and a complex issue, and as such, opens up space for a sociological study. Based on a very complex problem of a deliquent behavior at school, the research emphasis in this paper is on issues and problems relating to the deliquent behavior of secondary school students in Southeast Serbia, as well as on the correlation of features and forms of deliquent behavior and socio-economic and demographic features of students.

Radom se istražuje kako navijači fudbalskih klubova u Beogradu ocenjuju policijsko postupanje prilikom obezbeđenja fudbalskih utakmica povećanog rizika i policijske intervencije prema ekstremnim navijačima u slučajevima kada je došlo do narašuvanja javnog reda i mira u većem obimu. Istraživanje je realizovano tehnikom anketiranja, upitnikom koji sadrži 33 pitanja, na uzorku od 268 navijača. Obuhvaćeni su navijači tri vodeća prvoligaška fudbalska kluba iz Beograda tokom 2011. i 2012. godine. Pored toga, kao izvor podataka korišćena su službena dokumenta Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da navijači smatraju da je postupanje policije na sportskim priredbama pretežno nekoretno i da ga odlikuje neselektivna i prekomerna upotreba sile. Dobijeni rezultati mogu biti dobra osnova za neka buduća istraživanja, a svakako mogu doprineti prevenciji nasilja na sportskim priredbama i edukaciji policijskih službenika koji rade na poslovima obezbedjenja javnih skupova povećanog rizika. The aim of this study was to determine how football clubfans in Belgrade evaluate policing at football matches of increased risk, as well as police interventions towards extreme fans in cases when there was disturbance of public order and peace to a greater extent. The survey was conducted by using the polling technique, disseminating a questionnaire containing 33 questions, on a sample of 268 fans. It included fans of three leading premier league football clubs in Belgrade, during the 2011. and 2012. In addition, the official documents of the Ministry of Interior were used.The survey results clearly indicate that fans believe the police conduct at sporting events was generally improper, with the use of excessive force, and that in the event of incidents at matches, the police usually do not know who should be detained and when they should use force. Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific and Professional Conference 'Police College Research Days in Zagreb', 23-24 April 2015 in Zagreb

Nasilje u porodici je tema koja je zaokupljala veliku pažnju i kojom su se prvenstveno bavile mnoge nevladine organizacije za zaštitu ženskih prava u razvijenim državama Evrope i sveta u drugoj polovini prošlog veka, a kod nas je bavljenje ovim društvenim problemom dostiglo vrhunac krajem prošlog i početkom 21. veka. Međunarodne organizacije (UN, EU), kao i većina razvijenih država u svetu, pod pritiskom nevladinog sektora prepoznale su nasilje u porodici kao jednu od najvećih savremenih društvenih opasnosti, pri čemu su preduzete određene mere, kroz zakonsko određivanje ove pojave kao društveno neprihvatljive i društveno opasne, na sprečavanju i suzbijanju iste. Pri tome, u većini država nasilje u porodici je sankcionisano kroz krivičnopravni sistem. Kod nas je izmenama Krivičnog zakonika 2002. godine ova pojava definisana kao krivično delo. Međutim, to ne znači da je nasilje u porodici bilo dozvoljeno, zato što su i do tada u krivičnom zakonodavstvu postojala mnoga krivična dela sa elementima nasilja kroz koja se kažnjavalo i nasilje izvršeno u porodici. Imajući u vidu da je ovaj broj NBP – Žurnala za kriminalistiku i pravo posvećen profesoru Ljubiši Lazareviću, na samom početku ističemo njegovo mišljenje, gde on naglašava da je po sredstvima izvršenja i posledici krivično delo nasilje u porodici identično sa nekim drugim krivičnim delima, kao što su prinuda, teška telesna povreda, laka telesna povreda i ugrožavanje sigurnosti, ali da neće postojati njegov idealni sticaj sa ovim delima, već samo nasilje u porodici, za koje su, uostalom, propisane i teže kazne. Takođe, kod nas je nasilje u porodici sankcionisano i kroz prekršajnopravni sistem, i to putem prekršaja sa elementima nasilja iz oblasti Zakona o javnom redu i miru. U ovom radu bavićemo se načinima suzbijanjem ove pojave kroz eventualno vođenje prekršajnog postupka, pri čemu ćemo prikazati prednosti i nedostatke ovakvog načina sankcionisanja nasilja u porodici. Domestic violence is a topic that has drawn great attention and that mainly has been the subject of many nongovernmental organizations for the protection of women’s rights in the developed countries of Europe and the world in the second half of the last century, while in Serbia, dealing with this social problem peaked at the turn of 21st century. International organizations (UN, EU), as well as the majority of developed countries in the world, under the pressure of the non-governmental sector have recognized domestic violence as one of the greatest contemporary social threats. Certain measures to prevent and combat domestic violence have been undertaken, through the legal defining of these phenomena as socially unacceptable and socially dangerous. In addition, in most countries, domestic violence is sanctioned through the criminal justice system. In Serbia, through the amendments to the Criminal Code of 2002, this phenomenon has been defined as a criminal offense. However, this does not mean that domestic violence was allowed, because even until then the criminal legislation contained many crimes with elements of violence through which domestic violence was punished. Taking into account that this number of “NBP – Journal of Criminalistics and Law” is dedicated to professor Ljubiša Lazarević, his opinion on this subject should be pointed out – he emphasized that by means of execution and consequences, criminal offence of domestic violence is identical with some other criminal offences, such as coercion, grievous bodily harm, light bodily injury, endangering safety, but that its ideal concurrence with these offences would not exist, but only domestic violence, for which, after all, more severe punishments are prescribed. In addition, in our country, domestic violence is sanctioned through the misdemeanor system – through misdemeanors with elements of violence from the area of the Law on Public Order and Peace. In this paper, the author will discuss ways to combat this phenomenon through possible misdemeanor proceedings, and present the advantages and disadvantages of this way of sanctioning of domestic violence.

U radu smo prikazali rezultate istraživanja o emocionalnim i bihejvioralnim problemima mladih koji su izloženi nasilju u zajednici i nasilju vršnjaka. Pod nasiljem u zajednici podrazumevali smo nasilna dela koja su se dešavala na ulici, u školi ili na putu do škole, kao i na bilo kom drugom mestu koje nije porodica. Brojna istraživanja ukazuju na to da iskustvo nasilja dovodi do promena u ponašanju, osećanjima, socijalnim odnosima, a i da je povezano sa antisocijalnim ponašanjem. Uzimajući u obzir značaj roditelja i njihov odnos prema deci, proučavali smo da li i koliko određene karakteristike roditeljstva (toplina, uključenost, nadzor i konzistentnost) utiču na tu vezu. Istraživanje smo sproveli u Beogradu, na uzorku od 505 učenika VIII razreda, školske 2007/2008. godine. Primenili smo upitnike napravljene za projekat SAHA (The Social And Health Assessment), koji je sproveden u više zemalja širom sveta. Koristili smo skale za procenu: izloženosti nasilju u zajednici, vršnjačkog nasilja, antisocijalnog ponašanja, Skalu snaga i teškoća i Skalu za procenu roditeljstva. Ispitanici su izveštavali o događajima koji su se desili u periodu od godinu dana pre istraživanja. U ispitivanom uzorku, 74,9% mladih je bilo izloženo nasilju vršnjaka. Najčešće je bila prisutna socijalna manipulacija, verbalno nasilje (vređanje, psovanje ili ismevanje), uzimanje ili uništavanje imovine, a najređe fizičko nasilje. Nešto manji broj ispitanika (72,1%) prisustvovao je nasilju nad drugom osobom. Mladi su obično videli da nekome prete ili da nekoga pljačkaju. Najređe je, kao i kod vršnjačkog nasilja, bilo prisutno fizičko nasilje. Svaki peti ispitanik (20,4%) i sâm je bio žrtva nasilja u zajednici (bili su izloženi pretnjama, jurili su ih sa ciljem da ih povrede), a samo malo ispitanika je bilo fizički povređeno. Među mladima koji su imali iskustvo sa nasiljem, 26,9% bilo je dvostruko traumatizovano (izloženost i svedočenje nasilju). Rezultati koje smo dobili odgovaraju rezultatima drugih istraživanja – dečaci su češće i žrtve i svedoci nasilja u zajednici. U pogledu izloženosti vršnjačkom nasilju nismo pronašli da postoji razlika po polu. Ispitanici su u 82,8% slučajeva saopštili da su u periodu od godinu dana pre istraživanja ispoljili antisocijalno ponašanje. Obično su činili manje prekršaje: - lagali roditelje i nastavnike ili povremeno bežali sa časova. Mladih koji su ozbiljno prekršili socijalne norme (napalo vršnjaka, posedovalo oružje) bilo je 36,8%, sa delinkventnim ponašanjem 9,5% ispitanika, a 1,2% je zbog svog ponašanja bilo i zakonski sankcionisano. Blaža antisocijalna ponašanja pokazuju i dečaci i devojčice, ali ozbiljne forme češće ispoljavaju dečaci. Rezultati našeg istraživanja potvrđuju da postoji povezanost između izloženosti i svedočenja nasilju u zajednici i vršnjačkog nasilja sa emocionalnim i bihejvioralnim problemima mladih. Adolescenti koji su bili izloženi nasilju u zajednici pokazuju više problema u svim sferama funkcionisanja (osim u emocionalnoj) i manje su spremni na prosocijalno ponašanje. Očigledni je da postoje problemi u ponašanju mladih koji su svedoci nasilja u zajednici: pažnja im je slabija i manje su zainteresovani za uključivanje u pozitivne interakcije sa drugima. Žrtve vršnjačkog nasilja imaju više problema u odnosima sa vršnjacima, češće pokazuju emocionalne i probleme u ponašanju i hiperaktivni su. Utvrdili smo da su izloženost i svedočenje nasilju u zajednici povezani sa antisocijalnim ponašanjem, a i mladi koji su bili žrtve vršnjačkog nasilja manifestuju blaže oblike takvog ponašanja. Opisane probleme u funkcionisanju ispoljavaju i dečaci i devojčice. Pol se izdvojio kao značajan faktor moderacije samo u slučaju vršnjačkog nasilja – devojčice sa takvim iskustvom pokazuju više problema u ponašanju i pažnja im je slabija nego kod dečaka. Mladi koji su bili izloženi nasilju ili su bili svedoci nasilja u zajednici svoje roditelje češće opisuju kao nekonzistentne, manje zainteresovane i hladnije u odnosu sa svojom decom. Adolescenti koji ispoljavaju antisocijalno ponašanje smatraju da su njihovi roditelji i manje spremni da ih kontrolišu. Rezultati našeg istraživanja su potvrdili da nasilje kojem su mladi izloženi na direktan ili indirektan način, kao i nasilje vršnjaka, ostavlja posledice u mnogim sferama života, a može se dovesti i u vezu sa antisocijalnim problemima. Pol je i ovde značajan faktor koji utiče na prirodu te povezanosti – dečaci su pod većim rizikom da dožive nasilje, a devojčice da ispolje probleme u ponašanju. Jedina karakteristika roditelja koja dobro predviđa verovatnoću pojave problema jeste nekonzistentnost. Kada smo u analizu uključili i izloženost vršnjačkom nasilju, konzistentnost roditelja je izgubila značaj, a kao jedini značajan prediktor emocionalnih i bihejvioralnih problema mladih pojavila se izloženost vršnjačkom nasilju. Opisani rezultati mogu biti od pomoći prilikom kreiranja programa prevencije nasilja među mladima. In this paper we presented research findings on emotional and behavioral problems in youth who were exposed to community violence and peer victimization. Numerous researches indicate that experience of violence leads to changes in behavior, emotions, social relationships, but that it is also connected to antisocial behavior. Taking into account the importance of parents and their attitude towards children, we studied weather certain characteristics of parenting (warmth, involvement, supervision, and consistency) influence this relationship. Research was conducted in Belgrade, on a sample of 505 eighth grade students, during school year 2007/2008. We applied the questionnaires developed for the project SAHA (The Social and Health Assessment), which was conducted in several countries throughout the world. We used following assessment scales: Exposure to Community Violence Scales, Peer Victimization Scale, Antisocial behavior, The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Parenting Scales. Subjects reported on the events that took place over a period of one year before the survey. In the survey sample, 74.9% of adolescents have been exposed to peer victimization. The most frequent occurring was social manipulation, verbal abuse (insults, swearing or ridiculing), taking or destruction of property, and the least common physical violence. Slightly smaller number of subjects (72.1%) attended the violence against another person. Young people often saw someone being threatened or robbed. The least common was, as it was with peer victimization, a physical violence. One in five subjects (20.4%) was victim of community violence himself (they were subjected to threats, were chased after with intent to inflict injuries), but a very small number of subjects were physically injured. Among youth who had experience with violence, 26.9% of them were twice as traumatized (both through exposure and through witnessing). Our findings correspond to those from other studies – boys are more often both victims and witnesses of community violence. We did not find a difference in gender, regarding exposure to peer victimization. Total of 82.8% subjects reported that they expressed antisocial behavior during previous year. These usually consisted of minor infractions – lying to parents and teachers or occasional class skipping, but 36.8% of subjects seriously violated social norms (attacked peer, weapon possession). Delinquent behavior was manifested in 9.5% of subjects, and 1.2% of them were legally sanctioned due to their conduct. Both boys and girls exhibit milder antisocial behaviors, but severe forms are more frequently displayed by boys. Results of our study show connection between exposure, witnessing community violence, and peer victimization, with emotional and behavioral problems in youth. Young people who were exposed to community violence show more problems in all aspects of functioning (except in emotional one) and they are less willing to display prosocial conduct. Witnesses of community violence display more problems in behavior, poorer attention and they are less interested in participating in positive interactions with others. Subjects of peer victimization have more problems in peer relations, express more often emotional and behavioral problems, and are more hyperactive. We determined that exposure to and witnessing community violence are related to antisocial behavior, and that youth, who were subjects to peer victimizations, exhibit milder forms of these behaviors. Both boys and girls exhibit described problems in functioning. Gender appeared significant factor of moderation only in case of peer victimization – girls who were exposed, show more problems in behavior and have poorer attention than boys. Youth who were exposed to or witnessed community violence, describe their parents more often as inconsistent, less interested in their children and more reserved, and those who exhibit antisocial behavior consider their parents less willing to control them. Results of our study confirmed that violence young people were directly or indirectly exposed to, as well as peer victimization, has consequences in many aspects of life, and it can be brought in connection with antisocial problems. Gender is an important factor which influences the nature of this connection – boys have greater risk to experience violence and girls to manifest behavioral problems. The only parental characteristic that predicts well the probability of problem occurring is inconsistency. Once we included exposure to peer victimization into analysis, parental consistency lost its significance, and exposure to peer victimization appeared as the only significant predictor of emotional and behavioral problems in youth. These results may help us in designing programs for prevention of violence among youth.

Glavni cilj rad je analiza ključnih obeležja vandalističkih ponašanja. U radu je primenjena deduktivna metoda. Vandalistička ponašanja su deo socijalnog i ekološkog nasilja. Vandalizam je dobrovoljna destrukcija okruženja koja nema profitni motiv; to je namerni čin koji ima za cilj oštećivanje ili uništavanje materijalnih dobara koja su vlasništvo drugih ljudi. Takođe, vandalizam se može definisati kao zlonamerno ili maliciozna uništavanje i naruživanje privatnih i javnih objekata. Neke studije gledaju na vandalizam iz pozicije pojedinca i teškoća u prilagođavanju na društvo, posebno na školu ili na emocionalne probleme. Druge studije, vandalizam objašnjavaju kao „slabost" modernog društva koga karakterišu otuđenje i beznačajnost pojedinaca. Postoji sedam najvažnijih oblika vandalizma: gramzivi, taktički, ideološki, osvetoljubivi, vandalizam kroz igru, zlonamerni i virtuelni (on-fine) vandalizam. Vandalistički akti motivisni su besom, dosadom, anonimnošću, difuzijom odgovornosti, povećanim osećanjem moći, katarzom ili estetskim faktorima. The main aim oj this artic/e is an analysis oj the key characteristics oj the vandalistic behaviors. The pa per app/ies a deductive method. Vandalistic behaviors are a pa rt oj the so ci a/ and environmental violence. Vandalism isa voluntary destruction oj the environment with no profit motive whatsoever; its intentional act aimed at damaging or destroying an object that is another's property. A/so, vandalism is the willful or malicious destruction and defacement oj pri vate and public facilities. Some studies /ook at vandalism from the point oj view of the individua/ who commits it: personal traits, difficu/ties in adjusting to society at large and to schoo/ in particular, and emotional problems. ln other studies vandalism was explained as a „malaise" oj modern society that is characterized by alienation and meaninglessness oj individua/s. There are seven most important forms oj the vandalism: acquisitive vandalism, tactica/ vandalism, ideologica/ vandalism, vindictive vandalism, play vandalism, malicious vandalism, and virtual (on/ine) vandalism. Acts oj vandalism are motivated by anger, boredom, anonymity, diffusion oj responsibility, increased fee/ings oj power, catharsis or aesthetic factors.

U članku je prikazana i analizirana sadržina pravne norme koja propisuje krivično delo nasilničkog ponašanja na sportskoj priredbi ili javnom skupu. Izneta je ocena o njenoj usklađenosti s odredbama Evropske konvencije o nasilju i nedoličnom ponašanju gledalaca na sportskim priredbama, posebno na fudbalskim utakmicama. Osim toga, u kratkim crtama opisana je istorija propisivanja tog krivičnog dela u okviru pravnog sistema Republike Srbije. Ukazano je na nedostatke i nedoslednosti dispozicije krivičnopravne norme sadržane u članu 344a. Krivičnog zakonika Republike Srbije. Posebna pažnja posvećena je činjenici da je radnja osnovnog oblika krivičnog dela nasilničkog ponašanja na sportskoj priredbi ili javnom skupu alternativno određena, pa je za svaki od propisanih oblika radnje u radu objašnjeno i razgraničeno šta tačno znači i u čemu se ogleda. The Criminal Act of Violent behaviour at sports event or at public gathering is regulated uder article 344a of Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia. It includes several different forms of illegal behaviour. Legal norm prescribing that criminal act has been amended frequently in the period 2003–2009 and the most of amendments were analized and clarified within this paper. Author explained that Serbian regulations pose a very wide scope of provisions aimed at curbing the occurrence of spectator violence at their sports stadiums and facilities. The conclusion was drawn that all of Serbian laws in that field were drafted and enacted to satisfy the exigencies of the Council of Europe Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in Particular at Football Matches. Besides that, article 344a of Srebian Criminal Code was compared with relevant articles prescribing similar criminal act in Italy and England and the conclusion was drawn that Serbian legislative practice is in line with the best European practices in that field. The problem of inefficient application of Serbian laws and regulations was also mentioned within this text. Some proposals for solution of those problems were formulated and proposed.

Радом се проблематизују полицијска стратегија и тактика спречавања и сузбијања насиља на фудбалским утакмицама, с посебним освртом на Републику Србију. С тим у вези, анализирају се основна обележја насиља на фудбалским утакмицама у Републици Србији у функцији идентификације фактора полицијске стратегије и тактике његовог спречавања и сузбијања. Посебна пажња у раду посвећује се приступима, поступцима и средствима тзв. „високог и ниског профила“ обезбеђивања спортских приредби, посебно фудбалских утакмица. Док се „високи профил“ детаљно анализира са стратегијског и тактичког аспекта, „ниски профил“ се користи у функцији његове критике. This paper problematize police strategies and tactics to prevent and combat violence at football matches, with special reference to the Republic of Serbia. In this regard, there were analyzed the basic characteristics of violence at football matches in the Republic of Serbia in the function of identifying factors of policing strategies and tactics of its prevention and combat. Special attention in this paper is paid to the approaches, methods and means of so-called. „High and low profile“ to provide sporting events, particularly football matches. While the „high profile“ is detailed analyzed from strategic and tactical point of view, „low profile“ is used in the function of his criticism.

Nasilje navijačkih grupa predstavlja sve značajniji bezbednosni problem u Republici Srbiji. Ovakva konstatacija može se argumentovati kako učestalošću pojava koje se mogu svrstati u nasilje i nedolično ponašanje na sportskim priredbama (pre, tokom i nakon njih), tako i njihovim posledicama. Činjenice koje ukazuju na opasnosti po bezbednost koje su izazvane nasiljem navijačkih gruga u našoj zemlji, ukazuju i na neophodnost preduzimanja mera čija je svrha zaštita bezbainosti svih štićenih vrednosti koje su ugrožene ovom vrstom nasilja. Da bi se navedene mere valjano identifikale i primenile, neophodna je analiza: uzroka i uslova koji pogoduju nastanku i opstanku nasilja navijačkth grupa, njegovih oblika, prostorne i vremenske zastupljenosti, posledica koje su njime izazvane i njihovih drugih osnovnih obeležja. Imajući to u vidu, ovaj rad upravo je posvećen identifikaciji, svrstavanju i objašnjenju osnovnih obeležja nasilja navijačkih grupa u Republici Srbiji. U radu će se na osnovu analize geneze pojave navijačkih grupa u nekadašnjoj Jugoslaviji od kraja Drugog svetskog rata do njegovog aktuelnog stanja u Republici Srbiji, izvršiti periodizacija nasilja navijačkih grupa s ciljem analize njegovih osnovnih obeležja. Violence fan group is increasingly important security problem in the Republic of Serbia. Such fmdings may explam how the frequency of occurrence that can be classified into violence and misbehavior at sporting events (before, during, and after them) and their consequences. The facts point to the dangers to secunty are caused by violent fan groups in our country, point to the necessity of taking measures aimed at protecting the security of all protected values that are vulnerable to this kind of violence. To make these measures and apply the proper identifikale, it is necessary analysis: causes and conditions conducive to the emergence and survival of fan violence group, their shape, spatial and temporal distribution, a result that caused him and their other basic features. Bearing tnis in mind, this paper is devoted to identifying, classifying and explaining the basic features of fan violence groups in Serbia. The paper will be based on an analysis of the genesis of the appearance of fan groups in the former Yugoslavia since the end of World War II to its current situation in Serbia, make a fan group periodization of violence aimed at the analysis of its basic features. Pravo i forenzika u kriminalistici

I will attempt to explain the connection between violence (someone’s violence) and my own or Levinas’s or the State’s violence as a response to the initial violence (Violence against Violence) and finally the violence which remains in the mouth, throat, aftertaste [goût] or in disgust [degoût]. “Cet arrière-goût de violence” or “un quelconque arrière-goût de dégoût” [a sort of aftertaste of disgust].

U članku autori ispituju tri pozicije u estetičkoj raspravi o uzvišenom koja se vodila u 18. veku - Edmunda Berka, Imanuela Kanta i Fridriha Šilera. Oni takođe pokušavaju da rekonstruišu političku pozadinu svake od ovih teorijskih pozicija: starorežimski konzervativizam (Berk), republikanski liberalizam (Šiler) i romantičarsku žudnju za 'trećim putem' (Kant). Najsofisticiraniju i najzreliju teoriju uzvišenog pronalaze u Šilerovim estetičkim delima, pogotovo u onima koja su usledila nakon njegovog razočarenja u Francusku revoluciju i u kojima su najtemeljnije razmatrani odnosi između uzvišenog i paradoksa istorijskog nasilja. In the article the authors are examining three positions within the 18th Century aesthetic discussion on the sublime - Edmund Burke's, Immanuel Kant's and Friedrich Schiller's. They are also trying to reconstruct the political backgrounds of each of this theoretical positions: old regime conservatism (Burke), republican liberalism (Schiller) and romantic longing for the 'third way' (Kant). The most sophisticated and mature theory of sublime is found in Schiller's aesthetic works, especially in those following his disappointment in French Revolution, in which the relationship between sublime and paradoxes of historical violence is most thoroughly reflected.

O nasilju i hipohondriji. Autor rekonstruiše Levinasovo čitanje Hegela i njegovo razumevanje nasilja (neprijatelja i rata), služeći se tekstovima Franca Rozencvajga o Hegelovoj državi i Deridinom interpretacijom različitih atributa nasilja kod Emanuela Levinasa. Usredsređen je na klasifikaciju nekih figura nasilja iz različitih perioda Hegelovog života i njihovi tragovi u Levinasovim tekstovima, počevši od teksta „Liberté et commandement“ iz 1953. godine. Analiza slavne Hegelove analogije iz njegove Rechtsphilosophie o suverenosti i organizmu, odnosno čitanje nekih paragrafa njegove Naturphilosophie, treba da objasne vezu između totaliteta i nasilja, kao i Levinasovu „ontologiju kao alergologiju“, odnosno Deridinu autoimunologiju. Medicinske metafore i biološke analogije koje se pojavljuju i čije se poreklo istražuje u ovom tekstu, uslovljavaju politička stanovišta pomenutih filozofa i ponovo ih oživljavaju.

U ovom radu su razmatrani oblici nasilja u školama u Srbiji. Prikazani su rezulati istraživanja koja govore o relacijama i razmerama te pojave. Teorijski su analizirani mogući uzroci nasilja u školama i posledice do kojih ono dovodi. Studija ukazuje na značaj sprovođenja evaluacije preventivnih programa za suzbijanje ove pojave imajući u vidu sadašnje nepovoljne društveno-političke okolnosti. In this article various types of bullying and its characteristics in schools in Serbia were examined. Results of the previous research of developmental aspect and frequencies of this feature were considered. Psychosocial characteristics of and implications for bullies and victims are discussed. Estimation of the prevalence of bullying in school children maintained the evaluation studies of preventive programs in order to decrease bullying among scholars regarding the current unfavorable social-political context.

Rezultati velikih anketnih istraživanja provedenih u poslednjih 15 godina u okviru Evropske opservatorije za nasilje u školskoj sredini pokazuju kako se u Francuskoj postepeno razvilo, kod značajnog broja đaka, snažno osećanje odbojnosti prema školi koje je poprimilo obrise jedne prave anti-institucionalne (anti-školske) kulture. Njeno rodno mesto jesu rastuće društveno-ekonomske nejednakosti francuskog društva pa zato ne čudi prostorna koncentracija školskog nasilja i delinkvencije u tzv. “etablissements sensibles” u siromašnim, sve više getoiziranim periferijskim četvrtima. Školska organizacija, međutim, i sama saučestvuje u proizvodnji specifičnih formi nasilja i delinkvencije u svojoj sredini, putem akumulacije niza svakodnevih mikronasilja koja čine potku svakodnevnog ugnjetavanja i zapravo reprodukuju i pojačavaju nejednakosti u širem društvu, uključujući i društvenu nejedakost izgleda da se postane žrtva. The results of large surveys elaborated during last 15 years by l´Observatoire européen de la violence scolaire show that, within an important number of pupils, gradually progress a strong ressentiment toward school, which has taken a shape of a real anti-institutional (anti-scholar) culture. Its origine is taking place in growing social unequalities of french society with a spatial concentration of specific forms of violence and scholar youth delinquancy in „établissements sensibles“ located in poor, more and more ghetto-like housing projects at the outskirts of big industrial cities. The social organization of schools, however, participate in a sort of the co-production of these phenomena by the accumulation of a series of micro-violences which makes a frame of an everyday opression. They reproduct and reinforce unequalities of a larger society, including the social unequality of chances to become a victime.