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The aim of this paper is to compare 19th-century Latin American novels about piracy with 20th-century novels about drug trafficking in order to demonstrate that organized crime creates its own sovereignty juxtaposed with state sovereignty and that both pirates and drug traffickers are constantly renegotiating their relationship with the state. The literary corpus from the 19th century includes El filibustero (1864), by Mexican writer Eligio Ancona, and Los piratas en Cartagena (1886), by Colombian writer Soledad Acosta de Samper; from the 20th century, Contrabando (1991), by Mexican writer Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, and La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994), by Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo. This paper is divided into two sections; the first section deals with the relationship between pirates and drug traffickers and the State. It discusses the attitudes of the writers towards the State and the implications of the State actors in the illegal business. The second section discusses the existence of juxtaposed sovereignties represented through the creation of the social imaginary of piracy and drug trafficking. Drawing on historical and political resources on piracy and drug trafficking, this paper aims to create an interdisciplinary environment to discuss organized crime in literature and its political influence on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute la conexión entre la Poesía de César Vallejo y el Tao Te Ching con enfoque en el taoísmo, el misticismo, la ambigüedad y las metáforas poéticas en la poesía. El artículo también se enfoca en el lenguaje y la cultura divergentes utilizados en la poética, la intuición unitaria y la apofática en la poética.

Based on the foundations that characterize fully constituted sciences, the article questions the scientific status of economics and discusses why various paradigms coexist within it, whose theoretical and methodological foundations conflict. The first part reviews the cycles of the predominant theoretical currents and analyzes the scientific rigor of the main paradigms; in particular, it examines the inconsistencies and ambiguities of the neoclassical paradigm, which, despite being currently assumed to be dominant, is far from satisfying the basic demands of scientific work. In the second part, the confluence of the different theoretical bodies is discussed, and the class, political, and ideological component of each one is contrasted. To meet the demands imposed by the advancement of economics as a scientific discipline, it must be assumed that economic theories are not politically neutral; that, beyond the preaching of pseudo-neutrality that usually masks apologetic desires, it is necessary to recognize the close relationship that exists between class interests, objectivity, and scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pérez-López (2018) identificó tres parámetros para evaluar la calidad de una organización: eficacia, atractividad y unidad (Ariño, 2005; Ferreiro, Alcázar, 2019). La aplicación de estos parámetros se ha llevado a cabo mayoritariamente en entornos estables, puesto que eran los entornos habituales cuando Pérez-López formuló su teoría. Las últimas décadas han estado marcadas por grandes turbulencias sociales y empresariales (Millar, Groth, Mahon, 2018). Este artículo repasa las tres dimensiones de Pérez-López para diagnosticar la calidad de una organización y sugiere pautas para su aplicación en entornos turbulentos. Pérez-López (2018) identified three parameters to evaluate the quality of an organization: efficacy, attractivity and unity (Ariño, 2005; Ferreiro, Alcázar, 2019). The practical application of these parameters has taken place mostly in stable environments, since this was the state of the world when Pérez-López developed his theories. The last decades have been characterized by big social and organizational changes and high degree of uncertainty (Millar, Groth, Mahon, 2018). This article reviews the three dimensions of Pérez-López to assess que quality of an organization and suggests some guidelines for its implementation in volatile and uncertain environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the idea that the study of peripheral phenomena or marginalia in language can shed new light on the interpretation of other, less marginal linguistic data. Specifically, it focuses on the joining or separation of linguistic elements, which is often considered a typically marginal phenomenon, but which constitutes one of the syntactic criteria for classifying verbal periphrases. For this purpose, interpolation, i.e. the separation of the two components of a periphrasis by another element, is examined in three specific cases: , and . The analysis offers clues for reconsidering interpolation as a criterion for the classification of periphrases. At the same time, the study makes it clear that, on the one hand, verbal periphrases are characterised by a type of syntactic ambiguity and, on the other hand, their semantic value is decisive in determining their periphrastic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguous relative clauses with two possible antecedent nouns have been widely studied in Spanish since they cast doubt on the universality of syntactic parsing principles. Current research suggests that there is an early contribution of prosodic information in the disambiguation of this kind or sentences in oral comprehension and production tasks. In this paper we present two comprehension experiments of locally ambiguous relative clauses with two possible attachment sites in Spanish, in which different prosodic parameters were manipulated to yield either congruous or incongruous pairings of prosody and syntax, with the aim of testing their influence on listeners' attachment preferences of the ambiguous clause and on their response times. Additionally, fundamental frequency (F0) and temporal (pause distribution) prosodic parameters were manipulated in different subexperiments so as to assess their separate contribution to participants' performance. Our results confirm an effective and relatively early use of prosodic information by listeners during language processing. In particular, congruous prosody with syntax generally facilitates participants' responses, though this effect was found to vary across the two attachment options. Finally, F0 and temporal prosodic features were found to make a similar contribution to participants' responses, with few occasional differences between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a process to encourage and support the adoption of DevOps in small and medium software companies. The process was designed through the identification of elements suggested and identified in the literature through systematic mapping. The identified elements were harmonized, compared and integrated, resulting in a clear, homogeneous process without terminological conflicts composed of three sub-processes, roles, activities, artifacts, tools and process flows in BPMN as support for configuration management, integration, continuous deployment and monitoring from a fundamental and complementary approach of suggested practices. The proposed process was evaluated through a focus group made up of DevOps experts, who considered that the process is pertinent, clear, complete and applicable in small and medium-sized software companies. In short, the process describes a total of 82 activities, 16 artifacts, 9 roles and recommends 13 technological tools to support the automation of each of the activities related to each thread, which will guide professionals, companies and stakeholders to reduce the ambiguity and subjectivity in the understanding and adoption of DevOps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of transformers has been a subject to which much attention has been paid due to the importance it has in order to increase their life time and the quality of their exploitation. There are publications on techniques whose objectives are to predict the state of these machines. One of the tests used to diagnose mechanical defects in this equipment is the "Sweep Frequency Response Analysis" (SFRA). This article presents the SFRA tests carried out on two three-winding transformers in subtransmission substations. An analysis of each case is made based on the answers and results obtained, confirming that in the descriptions of the SFRA response patterns that make the standards for failure modes, there is ambiguity and it is difficult to discriminate between a mode of fails, another or perceive if more than one is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will try to provide good reasons that show the weakness of the arguments given by Contessa to support valid surrogate reasoning (SR) over solid ones as a source of representing. Firstly, I will analyze certain epistemic advantages of the criterion supported by solid SR, showing the limits of the criterion stipulated by Contessa. Secondly, I will show that the arguments given by Contessa to dismiss solid SR criteria are deficient since, at best, they do not demonstrate anything and, at worst, they either commit an ambiguity fallacy or a petitio principii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Environmental compensation is the final alternative to face the impacts of development projects that cannot be avoided, reduced, or mitigated. The offset of affected habitats or environmental elements usually substitutes ecologically equivalent resources. The Habitat-Hectare Method was initially designed to assess the ecological equivalence of native vegetation, and employs indicator scores relative to a reference habitat. The sum of these scores measures the structural condition of the environment against the reference, quantifying the number of hectares needed to compensate for the loss of similar habitat. Although it is not exempt from limitations, the values can be estimated from field data collected without ambiguity, in a reproducible way, with less bias than more qualitative methods. In this paper, we use a modification of the Habitat-Hectare Method to determine the equivalent area needed to compensate for habitat loss in a protected wilderness in Costa Rica. Methods: We worked in the Lomas de Barbudal Biological Reserve, north Pacific of Costa Rica, a protected wilderness where nearly 113 hectares will be flooded for the Río Piedras Reservoir. In a property previously identified as a potential compensation site, we assessed indicators for landscape, soil, vegetation structure, and ecosystem services; the scores were assigned in relation to the environment found at the flood site. Results: The environmental condition score at the compensation site was 44.7% (±15.9%) of the impact site. Consequently, considering the uncertainty in our measurements, compensating for the loss of each hectare would require between 2.23 and 3.49 hectares of a similar environment. Conclusion: Between 2.23 and 3.49 hectares of are needed to compensate for the loss of habitat in the Río Piedras Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows some views related to analogical hermeneutics as a theory of interpretation in which the equivocity and univocity ends are avoided. Under this scenario it is of vital importance to take a historical journey through the notions of analogy and hermeneutics in order to show the relevance of this study. Above all, the aim is to avoid the polarizations that lead philosophy into undesirable grounds. Instead, a balance between absolutist exactitudes and complete ambiguity is sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the children's story Tom, ojos azules by José Jiménez Lozano, through the study of the event, a central category in the contemporary short story as defended by the scholar Guadalupe Arbona Abascal. The analysis allows us to delve into the mystery of the story, discovering the richness of literary materials and the ambiguity of its reading as key aspects that explain the vivid and gratifying experience of the text for the child or adult reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: The article aims to discuss the concept of global governance as an analytical approach to international relations, by analyzing the components, scope and criticism Michael Zürn´s book A Theory of Global Governance: Authority, Legitimacy and Contestation, published in 2018. It proposes to discern the theoretical and conceptual innovations introduced in the book, and then to consider its criticism. On the one hand, the article analyzes the responses that the book received in the March 2021 issue of International Theory ; on the other hand, it explores the conceptual bridges between this work and the debate on global governance in Latin America, finding correlations between them. Methodology: This study is based on a discussion of secondary sources, resulting from a review of academic bibliography. Conclusions: The work suggests that the approach developed by Zürn expands the possibilities of theorizing about the transformation processes that take place on the international scene, revaluing the global governance approach as an analytical tool. It introduces in the analysis aspects that remain unexplained by traditional approaches. At the same time, it does not ignore the role of power, politicization and ambiguities in the international order. It manages to identify conceptual bridges with the Latin-American theoretical discussions. Originality: The article synthesizes the discussions around a recent work that introduces innovations regarding the use of global governance as an analytical approach, and links them to the debates in Latin American academia on this concept, deriving into a renewed approach to both its criticism and its explanatory capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thie present work, the result of a doctoral research, aims at designing a model of the linguo-didactic dynamics of translation, based on the treatment of lexical-semantic ambiguity produced by false analogues, as a linguistic phenomenon that conditions inadequacies in translation. Thiese inadequacies have been previously corroborated through a diagnosis made to translation students in Cuba, based on a translation test and the verbalization of protocols, which supports the need to deepen the approach to this phenomenon from a didactic perspective. Thie model, designed from the holistic-configurational method, allows, from the theoretical point of view, the improvement of the translatological practice in the classroom by highlighting the dynamic essence of the linguistic-cognitive and the didactic-translational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Word sense ambiguity is one of the major challenges we face when we carry out tasks related to Natural Language Processing, in particular those related to the processing of electronic language resources. In this study we address word sense disambiguation within the computing environment DAMIEN (Data Mining ENcountered). DAMIEN is an online workbench that embeds several techniques from different fields (corpus linguistics, statistics and text mining) in order to deal with text analysis to help in linguistic research tasks such as data collection, information retrieval and text classification, among others. By way of experiment, we carry out the analysis of the polysemic lexical units "cabeza", "cara" and "carta" in Spanish and present the results of the automatic disambiguation system developed with DAMIEN. Among the models that the environment offers we have deployed the supervised machine learning method with ingenious bayes algorithm because it has traditionally given the best results for automatic word sense disambiguation. It is a mathematical model that consists in extracting information from a corpus, setting from previously tagged datasets (training corpus), so that new datasets can be automatically classified by the system (trained corpus). It is important to highlight the flexibility and potentialities of DAMIEN for both the processing of electronic linguistic resources and the design of experiments in the field of natural language processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law is a social-normative and linguistic phenomenon. For this reason it shares the characteristic of indeterminacy with language. The main manifestations of linguistic indeterminacy are ambiguity and vagueness, hence the need to resort to interpretation as the main tool for applying the Law. There are various theories on legal interpretation, as well as methods or interpretative canons to identify those interpretations that are valid, excluding arbitrary or irrational ones. In this article we have carried out a brief examination of the characteristic features of current law, the indeterminacy of law, legal interpretation and interpretive canons, as well as the main theories that have been proposed on the subject, to end by developing the interpretation criteria included in the Civil Code, in light of the doctrinal contributions found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends the need to establish diachronic markings in the different lexicographic repertoires that overcome excessively simplifying approaches. Similarly, it advocates a more precise treatment of lexical obsolescence, which rigorously considers the age variable and establishes boundaries between the active and passive vocabulary, because the absence of a mark would imply, in principle, validity of the cataloged lemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I am going to analyze and criticize the proposal for conceptualizing the defeasibility of rules and the defeasibility of principles in the theses of Manuel Atienza and Juan Ruiz Manero. For this purpose, I will carry out a brief critical reconstruction of their proposal of distinction in order to indicate in a concise, clear and precise way how they understand the defeasibility of prescriptive norms. I will do that for the purpose of justifiying three points: a) the defeat of rules is better understood as a reinterpretative process of legal material; b) defeating rules is not equivalent to defeating principles; and c) the language of rules and principles presents the same operations and results as the language of recalcitrant experiences and axiological gaps, only that, unlike these, the first of the languages presupposes a prescriptive claim about how the language of the legal material should be understood. To achieve this objective, I will take the following steps: in section II, I will present critically the distinction between rules and principles, the notion of licit and illicit atypical act, and what it means to say that rules are resistant to principles. In section III, I will present that the reconstructed thesis suffer from ambiguity when they develop the notion of defeasibility. They present, on the one hand, a problem of superability between norms and, on the other, a problem of apparent relevance of a norm to solve an individual case. Likewise, I will offer a proposal to reformulate the defeat of rules from the theory of interpretation. Finally, I will end by showing that the language of rules and principles presupposes a normative thesis about how norms should be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores some of the angles of the ancient and complex relationship between History and Literature, with special attention on the episode of persecution and harassment of the Chinese community in Mexico, particularly in the northern region. Some of the texts that have been concerned with telling these events are reviewed, despite the willingness to keep them hidden and silenced; this examination is intended to explain the historical substrate that beats in Inés Arredondo's short-story "The Silent Words", the subject of analysis of the article. I use the notions of metaphor and ambiguity to try to explain how literary creation proceeds with the materials provided by history and how it builds an artistic image and a sense of recreated facts, always in adjoining and dialogue with the procedures of historiographical discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Maynard Keynes's (1936) concept of "animal spirits" or "spontaneous optimism" as a major driving force in business fluctuations was motivated in part by his and his contemporaries' observations of human reactions to ambiguous situations where probabilities couldn't be quantified. We can add that in such ambiguity there is evidence that people let contagious popular narratives and the emotions they generate influence their economic decisions. These narratives are typically remote from factual bases, just contagious. Macroeconomic dynamic models must have a theory that is related to models of the transmission of disease in epidemiology. We need to take the contagion of narratives seriously in economic modeling if we are to improve our understanding of animal spirits and their impact on the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]