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Democracy is considered to be the ideal foundation of societies today. In a democratic society, news media play a highly relevant role as avenues by which public and political powers can interact with society and facilitate civic participation. The public’s perception of the news media’s reputation is a crucial factor for enhancing trust and citizen engagement. This article presents a study of the reputation of the media (paper press, digital press, radio and television) in ten European countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. A quantitative method was applied to the results of a survey conducted to determine the reputation of news media among a sample of the informed population in those countries (1,000 residents of legal age who used media at least two or three times a week). The concept of reputation is thereby characterized in its association with the media, identifying its integrating attributes and assessing its incidence in each type of medium. The results indicate that, although television is the most widely used medium, the printed press enjoys a higher reputation in most of the countries studied, being seen as having the attributes of credibility and informative rigor. This study provides a detailed analysis of the scores given to media reputation attributes in the considered countries. It also offers a ranking of the media with the highest reputation in the countries examined, as well as a description of the reputational position of each medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the survivors in Spain of the free distribution press is the specialized publication Diario Médico, which has been disseminating health issues among professionals of the National Health System for 25 years. We did an exploratory-descriptive study about its origins and current situation, paying attention to its labour in paper, through the printed product, and in Red, through diariomedico.com. The techniques are the interview with its deputy director and the analysis of its products. The mixed format defines Diario Médico: it maintains its commitment to offer information on paper, despite having reduced the periodicity from daily to weekly; leads its paper readers to Orbyt, the digital press kiosk of the promoter group, Unidad Editorial, where it offers seven pages a day in pdf format with information for subscribers, and on the Web, with an edition that opens to the participation of the user. The informative tone of its contents and its usefulness for society, together with the growing interest of the non-specialized public in medicine and health, lead to Diario Médico, in our opinion, to have a double objective public: society in general and professionals of the System in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with the editorial positioning of 15 Spanish and Portuguese newspapers and magazines on Marcelo Caetano's official visit to Spain in 1970. The editorials and opinion articles are analysed using a quantitative, qualitative and comparative methodology. We identify different ideological orientations. The paper concludes that the official newspapers and some moderate ones were triumphalist in the opinions expressed; few opinions distanced themselves from the official political slogans; and the opposition press oscillated between keeping silent and expressing reservations about both regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Columns on language (CSL) are texts published periodically in the press through which expert knowledge about the language is transmitted. In this paper we focus specifically on the columns published in the Spanish press that deal with some aspect of women and language (CSLM). The objectives are to establish the different stages of the feminization of language through linguistic columnism, to determine which columnists write CSLM in each stage and which topics are recurrently dealt with in each of them. To do so, we follow the theoretical framework of Pragmatic Linguistics, with approaches and assumptions from Discourse Analysis. The corpus consists of 338 CSLM from 22 columnists. The analysis allowed us to distinguish three stages: 1. From the end of the 19th century to the end of the 1970s. 2. From the end of the seventies to the end of the twentieth century. 3. The 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a pragmalinguistic analysis of the manifestations of polyphony through reported speech, and oralization within a corpus of Columns about Language published in the Spanish press between 1960 and 2020. Based on the polyphonic theory and oralization in the media, as well as in previous studies on linguistic ideologies in the press, this mixed analysis aims at finding the most frequent reported speech and oralizing mechanisms present in the corpus, and identifying their discursive functions within these texts. The results show that, with few differences and throughout the period considered, the columns favor direct speech and interrogative statements. These strategies allow, in most cases, to reproduce other people’s discourses that are critically evaluated, and to establish a relationship of complicity with the readers of the column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze metaphors about the social outbreak in editorials, from Diario El Sur and Diario Concepción, two of Concepción's local newspapers. The corpus was composed of 23 editorials from these newspapers. Metaphor identification was done through Discourse Dynamics Approach to Metaphor. A total of 653 metaphors was found, which was then grouped, resulting in a total sum of 268 metaphors for the analysis. In this research, the editorial perspective about the social outbreak of two local newspapers was studied through metaphor. In both media outlets, similar metaphor vehicles were used. While Diario El Sur prioritizes the need for normalization, Diario Concepción legitimates the demonstrations as an expression of social discontent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a research advance of the project "Materialities, Education and Public: Uses and Social Meanings of the Archaeological Heritage in Sigsig". Its purpose is focused on the identification of educational, communicational and political problems in terms of archaeology and archaeological heritage in southern Ecuador. This first approach is based on the analysis of the written press ("El Mercurio" newspaper) from 2007 to 2021, considering the category of social use of the archaeological heritage. The aim is to recognize how archaeology interacts and is represented in the media under the conceptual principle of public archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the topics of insecurity, juvenile delinquency and criminal responsibility of minors appeared in numerous times at the written press in Argentina through diverse genres such as the newspaper article, the report, the opinion article or the editorial. In this paper, which takes part in a wider research carried out under the direction of Mg. Claudia Gaiotti in the framework of the Diplomatura en Ciencias del Lenguaje (I.S.P. "Dr. Joaquín V. González"), we propose a discursive approach of an opinion article about the Juvenile Justice Reform Project in Argentina, recently published in a national print media, from the francophone Discourse Analysis perspective. To accomplish this, we focus on the discursive analysis of the concessive argumentative connectives. We propose as a hypothesis that the concession introduced by argumentative connectives constitutes a discursive marker through which it is possible to recognize the locutor identities and the alterity voices. In other words, in the analysed article, the argumentative connectives related to the concession could be interpreted as a polyphonic-dialogical marker. As a continuation of this discursive analysis, we elaborate a pedagogical material oriented towards the teaching of the argumentation as a way of discourse organization at the secondary school subject Language and Literature. In this way, this article presents a dual objective: to characterize the discursive functioning of the concessive argumentative connectives and to elaborate a pedagogical projection of such issue dedicated to the secondary level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse a corpus of 137 texts published between 1888 and 1899. These texts are included in one of the most successful Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century: Las Novedades (New York, 1876-1918). In the analysis I will determine the linguistic ideologies and the discursive strategies used for the promotion of Hispanism and Spanish language in a sociopolitical context in which the Spanish hegemony was losing all its power at an international level. Thus, the ideologies found are divided in two different categories: the linguistic ideologies that give the language a cultural value and the linguistic ideologies that make reference to the economic and commercial value of the language. The results obtained from this analysis will contribute to understand the role of Spanish language in the United States. Furthermore, this paper presents an unpublished corpus of clear historiographic interest that contributes to clarify the panorama of Hispanism in a country like the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to highlight that the recognition of the factual truth is pivotal, if not essential, to the veracity of a political opinion, as Arendt advocates in her book Truth and Politics. We seek to emphasize that freedom of expression and opinion formation are directly related; and that, for the sake of freedom of speech, Arendt claims the role and political function of the press. In this way, the main points raised here will attend to the order of elaborating the relationship between freedom of expression and opinion formation, interrelating these two issues with the determining role of the press in a post-truth era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the media discourses about gender violence of Spanish and Italian newspapers on Facebook, focusing on the aggressors. Analyzing the ideology, we see if the news let infer a social or a patriarchal perspective about gender violence, considering both newspapers and users' discourses. We adopt the Critical Discourse Analysis perspective, with a linguistic-discoursive glance and with a journalistic one. And with a linguistic-cognitive-semiotic and analytical methodology. Results tell us that the Spanish and Italian press represent the aggressors through a patriarchal ideology, influencing the users' discourses. Moreover, both in the newspaper discourses and in the users', we find differences between Spanish and Italian texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a set of profiles of women written by Marta Brunet for the Chilean magazine Ecran between 1935 and 1936, published in her column "Alrededor de una mujer" (Around a Woman). This column was an important space for the divulgation and appraisal of artistic and intellectual activities of Latin American women of the period. The profiles are analyzed considering the medium in which they circulated. In this sense, I maintain that, unlike the female models that Ecran publicized on its pages, in Brunet s column the qualities of modern women were highlighted, with trajectories where work, travel and self-training were decisive for carrying out a personal and original project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper analyzes the impact of the contents about Banksy in the four main Spanish newspapers. The aim is to detect the treatment that the press makes about this figure and determine if these newspapers publish content in the same proportion, which is the main theme, what are the graphic resources they use, if there are evaluative connotations, etc. Methodology: Some of the hypotheses suggest that Banksy manages to put the media focus on the cause that his actions vindicate and that the more conservative newspapers are more critical and limit the space dedicated to him. All the publications that contain the word Banksy have been analyzed with a sheet elaborated ad hoc for this study. A total of 2248 items have been recorded, out of 221 pieces analyzed. Results: The ABC newspaper is where the negative evaluative connotations emerges to a greater extent, but also the one that offers the most space to Banksy or his work, followed by El País. The case claimed by Banksy is barely covered by all the newspapers, being null in the case of El Mundo. Conclusions: It is verified that a conservative newspaper such as ABC does not necessarily limit its space to this type of content. In general, the figure of Banksy and his actions, highly adjectived in all the newspapers, take center stage against the cause that he vindicates. The iconic nature of the Banksy concept, used often by newspapers as a brand, can be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A statistical bibliometric study of the trends of the topics related to the design, diagnosis of buildings and construction developed over the last 19 years is carried out through the analysis of five cases of international journals specific to the area of high impact research. in architecture and construction. The total volume of papers involved in the topics of analysis reaches 24,230 units. With these historical data it is expected to determine current issues, of sustained relevance and to detect emerging topics of great transforming potential in the discipline. Development trends are observed in the emerging topics of interest and percentage growth among all the topics considered. The variation in the level of participation of some topics in architecture and construction over time is defined in the cases analyzed. The results indicate the stable topics and those emerging whose development and antiquity announces a forthcoming trend that will transform again the way of designing, communicating and constructing the architectural object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes an intense controversy in which prominent members of a conservative sector of the Aguascalientes society took part, who manifested themselves through the local press, regarding the fact that in the second courtyard of the Government Palace the Chilean artist Osvaldo Barra Cunningham made, in 1961, the mural painting Aguascalientes en la historia. Some subjects in which the historical evolution of the Catholic Church is represented caused sting in certain sectors of the population, who felt aggrieved for interpreting, that the faith, beliefs and religious sensibilities of Catholics were freely offended. Images of religion captured on the walls of a civic monument, in an atmosphere prior to the Second Vatican Council, is the object of study in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study how the armed movement known as the Cristiada (1926-1929), that opposed the State with the Catholic Church in Mexico, was a symbolic event for the development and transmission of anticlerical thought through Latin America. From discourses circulated at journals such as Amauta (Peru), Claridad (in Argentina and Chile), and Repertorio Americano (Costa Rica) we will study reasons, circumstances and ideologies that took the Mexican case as an intellectual guide for Latin American modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to describe the semantic strategies, or cognitive repr, Chilean newspapers, create about mapuche culture, in relation to the press coverage given to the hunger strike organised by prisoners of this ethnic group. For this, the discursive strategies used by the newspapers mentioned before, and the representation of their interrelationship with the macrostructures in journalism, which finally aim to analyze the lexicalization in the configuration of the mapuche otherness, were studied. The methodology consists of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) --in relation to the ideological square (Van Dijk, 1999) and lexicalization-- and the Velazquez' model (2011) for the study of the journalist discourse related to the superstructure and macrostructure of news. As a conclusion, the newspapers analysed use semantic and cognitive strategies to discriminate based on ethnocentrism, giving it a specific ideological square and polarisation between Others and Us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the prevailing conflict framings of national (El País and El Mundo) and Catalan (La Vanguardia and El Periódico de Cataluña) newspapers in response to the management of the regional independence conflict (2010-2014). For this, a new conflict framing typology was developed, based on level of substantivity. The study has verified that territorial origin affects, but does not determine, the media's definition of the conflict and its preference for specific territorial models. The alignment between parties and the media appears to be the variable that best explains the orientation (pro-independence, constitutionalist, or federalist) of each newspaper. We have also verified the media's action as a polarizing agent based on territorial model preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus crisis has caused a complicated situation at a sanitary, economic and social levels, that requires of a fundamental work in communication area so that the society comprise and collaborate with the adopted measures. Through the review and synthesis of the scientific and reference literature, the present paper contrasts lessons learnt in previous public health crisis against the communication implemented from the institutional voices and from the press coverage during the first stages of the Covid-19 outbreak in Spain. This paper detects that the absence of an early announcement (or overtaking of the negative stage) and the control messages in a context of uncertainty caused a brusque transition to the following stage of the crisis, coincident with an explosion of the number of contagions, what generated fear. The spokesperson formula applied is against all recommendations of crisis communication. Regarding the journalistic coverage, examples of alarmism and sensationalism news arised. The numeric data have been the resource more valuable and the computer graphics the multimedia content more developed. Since the pandemic is still on course, it is recommended the learning and the adjustment of the communication and information to the citizens in the following stages of this crisis or in future crisis taking into account the group of first lessons presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodological criteria that may serve as a guideline to monetize press photographic collections from their reuse are presented and discussed. ABC (Spain) and The New York Times (USA) were taken as paradigms, and different aspects raised by the information and documentation professionals were considered: quantity and wealth of images, and internal and external demand. Every photographic press fund is susceptible to being monetized, although for its profitability it is necessary to design plans based on specific criteria such as the methodology proposed in this paper, which is based on three phases (prior, intermediate and applicative), and comprises the quantification, qualification, documentary treatment, users typology and dissemination. The analysis shows that a greater involvement on the part of photographers and press editors is necessary to make profitable the available photograph holdings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reconstructs and examines the participation in public life of the Chilean writer Francisco Bilbao during the early years of his political exile in the Argentine provinces (1857-1859). Its objective is to make a contribution to the studies on Bilbao and on political exile by considering the reasons that led him to choose that fate and examining the conditions that allowed him to play a relevant role in the press and in the associative movement despite being a political exile with revolutionary backgrounds and radical ideas. To that end, the characteristics of the society that welcomed him and his family, as well as the intellectual and political ties he wove are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text details the entertainment spaces where Delahuertistas and Escobaristas leaders participated during their exile in the United States, in the 1920s and 1930s. Their presence in movies, radio stations and festivals echoed them in the English press (main source for this paper), and in turn helped --consciously or not-- to project an image of the exile, the veteran of the revolution and the Mexican migrant. The protagonists of these exiles worked in the United States on movies, radio stations, newspapers, cultural festivals, theaters, and more, and learned about the practice. Taking into account that the majority of them returned to Mexico, and that some continued with these activities, we propose that the exiles imported cultural capital, which had repercussions on national artistic and cultural movements, such as the era of Mexican gold cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analizes the transformation of the press, particularly the evolution of its structure and discourse, during the Spanish War (1936-1939). It studies in particular the example of the anti-fascist press in Biscay, to show the profound changes that the 1936 putsch caused (change of personnel, bankruptcy, propaganda, censorship). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the informative coverage of 9 Latin American newspapers on the general election held in Spain on November 10, 2019. This is considered an important event that helped close a turbulent period of the national political life. A content analysis sheet was applied to all texts regarding the campaign appeared between November 1 and 11 (n = 35), considering, among other variables, location, extension, authorship, sources, genres, nature of the content and frame. The results allow concluding that the selected newspapers dedicated a wide space to the November 10 election. Furthermore, media outlet granted part of their coverage an interpretive dimension and offered a vision on the campaign dominated by the strategic and game frames, since they placed the focus on the polls and the possibility of post-electoral agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reconstruct the positions about sports of the Trotskyist newspapers Prensa Obrera and Politica Obrera of Argentina between 1995 and 2020, both belonging to two groups of militants who dispute control of the Partido Obrero. Emphasis will be placed on possible continuities and ruptures, as well as on the dialogue of these positions with the contributions of Marxism in the social sciences to think about sports phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the confrontation that took place in the press --in particular, in the newspaper El Comercio- between liberals and conservatives in relation to the formation of a new Congress in 1860. This Congress had the aim of modifying the Constitution of 1856, then in force. On the basis of this analysis, it is proposed a reflection on the role of public opinion and the limits of the freedom of printing in the midnineteenth century in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 1950s, Argentina initiated an unprecedented turn in economic development. In this context, the public image of immigration improved, now seen as the fastest way to supply skilled labor. This paper researches that image in the press of the period, and examines which specific factors made this improvement possible, where its limits were located, and to what extent this perception was true to the actual flows of immigrants received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the socioeconomic crisis of recent years in Spain, in which NGOs and social movements have had to face significant communication challenges and opportunities, this paper analyzes the case of Las Kellys, an organization for hotel maids created in 2016 that has used storytelling in its public relations actions with the media to successfully transfer to society its claims to improve their labor rights. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are combined to evaluate the communication tools used and the impact of their actions, providing useful insights to maximize the communicative effectiveness of other organizations, especially NGOs, through first-person narratives, with fully authentic, familiar and colloquial language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the news on Covid-19 and 2019-nCoV in the Spanish media. This is done by using news retrieved from My news database. The analysis includes the total amount of news in Spanish media by type of media; the evolution of the publication in digital media considering various periods of time, and the volume of news in the most used Spanish digital media. The results show that digital media are the most used among other types to publish on the topic, with a significant increase since the beginning of the alarm state. In this sense, some arguments on the function and utility of this type of media during the confinement are exposed. Also, the essential role of digital media covering the population’s information needs is discussed. The digital media with the largest number publications are abc.es, 20minutos. es, and elconfidencial.com. The value of this work is that it can serve as starting point for others in order to carry out content analysis on the subject considering different channels and digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rejection of the peace accords with farc sharply contrasts with the popular reaction to the demobilization process of the auc a decade earlier. In this paper I examine the discourse of the conflict with the purpose of exposing the latent ideologies that legitimate the use of violence. For this purpose, first, I examine the nature of ideology and its inextricable relation with language; then, I present empirical evidence of the discursive construal of paramilitarism as a minor agent in the conflict, and I link the resultant perception with an analysis of the nature of the Colombian conflict from a sociological perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The launching of Marca España in June 2012 reveals the Spanish Government concern to improve the country image both abroad and within the national territory. Some relevant people have a key role in the construction of the country image (Anholt, 2009a, Peralba, 2010). This article describes the features of the journalistic coverage of the term 'marca España' linked to specific people between 2012 and 2015, a period defined by a context of economic, social and institutional crisis. All the pieces that include the expression 'marca España' are analyzed through a content analysis and the three Spanish newspapers with the widest distribution, El País, El Mundo and La Vanguardia, are taken as a sample. This paper shows the close journalistic link between marca España and the Crown, the President of the Government and personalities of the political and business class as well as sport and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poetic work of Esther Tapia de Castellanos is a key piece for the understanding of two fundamental cultural phenomena in the process of construction of the national project of the Mexican liberals; from the perspective of the political use of literature, it contributes to the configuration of one / another sense of Homeland, because his poems propose feminine images that endow the face of the nation with the idea of a nation that tried to settle down in those years; from the purely literary representation, his poetry is full of portraits of the must be of the Mexican woman. In the communion of both aspects Esther Tapia's poetry is, at the same time, an exercise of acceptance of the roles traditionally imposed on women and a subversive act against them, if we consider that the incursion of women in the field of the literary creation goes beyond the limits of the closed and intimate space of the home and appropriates the public scenarios reserved for the male. In this paper we propose an approach to the poems of Esther Tapia that were published in the nineteenth century press. We took as a starting point the notion of Homeland to analyze from the poetic mechanisms employees, the way in which the female subject is refracted in the texts of this author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the bases for the aseptic establishment of Monstera acuminata Koch and Monstera deliciosa Liebm from leaves and the induction of in vitro organogenesis of M. acuminata K. from discs of stems of young shoots. Different disinfection protocols were applied to mature leaves and young shoots, from which foliar explants of 1 cm2 of both species were extracted, and stem disks approximately 1 mm of thick in M. acuminata K. The explants were established in semi-solid media with different hormonal treatments during the stage of aseptic establishment and induction of organogenesis. Disinfection with 3% of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) for 20 min and 50% Murashige y Skoog medium (1962) with PPM, led to less oxidation in the leaf explants of both species. All the explants in the two treatments belonging to M. deliciosa, grown in medium added with PPM and different disinfection protocols, survived, did not present contamination and more than 80% maintained answer's capacity until 49 days of culture. After 35 days of culture, with disinfection in Tween 20 + Ethanol 20% + 2.5% NaClO, and sowing of the explants in the MS medium added with 1 mg/l of BAP, 0.5 mg/l of AIA and 0.1 mg/l of ANA was induced to induce seven new shoots of stem disks. M. deliciosa had better ability to adapt to in vitro conditions. Advances in the establishment and induction of organogenesis in native araceas for wicker production are the basis for ex situ conservation of local populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On this paper, the understanding about how the Chilean written press constructs the mapuche culture will be propose, taking into account the news coverage of the mapuche prisoners' hunger strike to withstand the application of the anti-terrorism law in 2010.The main findings of this investigation are focused on the exclusive use of official sources for the journalistic approach of the indigenous protest, the elaboration of discursive-ideological strategies dividing them from us, and the transmission of a discriminatory and racist vision of the mapuche ethnicity through the intersemiosis of images and words from news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the way LGTBI+ people are represented by conservative and progressive Spanish newspapers. With this purpose in mind, a corpus has been compiled with news items published regarding the ratification of the legal nature of homosexual marriage in Spain on November 6, 2012. As a method, we have analyzed transitivity and the semantic roles of processes as an instrument of the Critical Discourse Analysis methodology. The main results reveal that there is a substantial difference between conservative and progressive newspapers: the prominence given by the conservative press to LGTBI+ people represents just one third of that displayed by the progressive press; the conservative press reduces the levels of consciousness, voice, cognition, desire, emotion and perception as compared to the progressive, which strengthens them. Finally, the conservative press uses negative processes as an LGTBI+ people's intrinsic feature; whilst the progressive uses them to reveal social injustice against them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the newspaper El Salvadoreño and its role in political discourse during the tumultuous years of the civil war in Central America between 1826 and 1829. Particular emphasis is given to the editorial board's use of concepts such as revolution, aristocracy, people, citizen, and patriotism, and to its goal of influencing public opinion regarding Salvadoran interests in the conflict. This review of El Salvadoreño also provides information regarding the aspirations and interests of Salvadorans during those years, while increasing our understanding of Central America and its people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a survey of 122 journalists from four Spanish newspapers carried out from 2015 to 2016, this paper analyses to what extent these professionals perceive a disconnection -a gap- between their role conception and their perceived role enactment, that is between their professional ideals and their journalistic practice, and which are the most "conflicting" roles in a Polarized Pluralist media system. According to the perceptions of the professionals surveyed, journalists in Spain hold a role conflict when they work in a newspaper. The findings show significant differences between the role conception and the perceived role enactment in six of the seven professional roles. The biggest divergences are located in the watchdog, civic and disseminator roles. The conflict between the professional ideals and their implementation in the news is always resolved in favor of the media organizations. Our results are consistent and support the previous studies that have defined the Polarized Pluralist media system as a media ecosystem where loumalists accumulate little power compared to the media organizations, which are in financial debt and dependent on political and economic powers. Results are discussed according to the literature review as well as the context in which the study was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the editorial position of the Peronist magazine Línea in the face of the formation of the Multipartidaria between 1981 and 1982, during the Argentine military dictatorship (1976-1983). The Multipartidaria brought together the main Argentine political parties and functioned as a tool to pressure the military government of the time to lay the foundations of the transition to democracy. However, it featured a more "moderate" sector, inclined to the agreement with the dictatorship, and a "harder" one, not inclined to agreement with the dictatorship. The paper studies how Línea evaluated the emergence of this new political space, what position it should adopt in the face of the dictatorship and how the Peronism that integrated it was to be handled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Transition, a part of the emerging press, in this case the comic weeklies El Papus (1977) and El Jueves (1973-1987), used humor as an informative and innovative weapon to promote, with remarkable social repercussion, a sarcastic view of Spanish social and political drift. This paper pretends to analyze what was the concrete editorial position of both publications in front of the essential political events of the Transition during these years and the constituent legislation itself (June 1977- December 1978). The text reviews the political position and analyzes how both magazines faced the emerging party system, in addition to consider whether they came to constitute the first manifestation of dissidence, of what is known as political "disenchantment", an early indication of discrediting the new political system which has occupied little attention in studies of that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Crónica (1883-1886), a morning paper from Buenos Aires, based its distance from party fights both on its title and on its editorial structure. It had three sections: a literary, a scientific and a journalistic one, so politics was out of the focus in the traditional way. It main genre was "alta crónica", which focused both in local characters and places. These "reportajes" allowed their chroniclers to find out and to experience several features of the genre which will endure for long time. Thereby, it offers a counterpoint to development of the chronicle genre and a different look both at literary and journalistic modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the articulation that exists between the 2009 coup d’état in Honduras and the increase of journalists murders in that country, as a result of the reconfiguration of power relations between local and international social actors at that time; as well as the concealment of the coup d’état carried out by the written press, through the examination of the ideological-political discourse used in different newspaper articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical approach aims to understand how the professional work of journalists and press determine the guideline of news about ethnic minority. For this, Critical Discourse Analysis, Media Sociology, and their corresponding analytical categories, like epistemological and methodological constructs, will be applied. These elements will be related with theoretical and empirical investigations to prove the thesis of this paper: the racist praxis of journalism culture comes from the own conditioning of the work of the media organizations, making a discriminatory discourse about ethnic minority (migrants and native people). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the press control practices used by the provincial political powers of Entre Ríos between 1862 and 1870. This period was characterized by an increasing political dispute and the deepening of public debate. An indication of this process is the increase in the number of newspapers and the diversity of their political positions. Most of the newspapers were Federalists and supporters of Urquiza, but they maintained a space of discursive autonomy and what was published did not always go along the lines of the caudillo's interest. Also, there were Unitary and dissident Federal newspapers which were very critical of the provincial government and the figure of Urquiza. Respect for press freedom as a legitimating principle of the exercise of power prevented the development of legislation restricting that freedom and discouraged the practice of filing law suits for libel against publishers or journalist among provincial officials. Hence, the way in which political power managed to limit opinion was dominated by informal practices of political control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the conflictive implementation of freedom of the press in Buenos Aires, after the fall of Rosas' regime. It examines norms and the initiatives to reform them, some trials, government actions, and the debates within the legislature and the press. The study discusses the traditional interpretation according to which, in the province of Buenos Aires, those years were characterized by a wide freedom of expression. It also argues that the difficulties to implement freedom of the press in the 19th century are explained by the tension between the consideration of the press as a pillar of civilized, republican societies and, at the same time, as a corrosive agent of the social and political order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes Argentine news coverage of Nazi crimes during the period of liberation of prisoners from concentration camps, when Allied troops discovered the "atrocities" that had been committed in them. For this purpose, a corpus was put together of news articles taken from the four main Argentinean newspapers of the period: the morning papers La Prensa and La Nación, and the evening papers La Razón and Crítica. The analysis of these materials shows that the Argentine press consolidated an interpretive paradigm of Nazism as absolute "barbarity." This type of coverage created confusion regarding the place specifically reserved for Jews in the Nazi system of destruction, despite the fact that the same press had been reporting on the systematic extermination of the Jewish populations in Europe ever since 1942. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the language's identitary space within the migratory process of the arabs onto Chile through the journalistic and literary activities developed by the immigrant community in this country. Secondly, it points out the feeling of arabicity or arabism that promotes and recreates this litterary corpus, which profoundly marks the poetic production of various generations of arab and chilean writers of arab origin. To this end, it presents textual samples of articles from the newspaper al-Iṣlāḥ (La Reforma), later called Mundo Árabe, and various poetic samples from the literary figures: Mahfud Massis (1916-1990), Matías Rafide Batarce (1929) y Emilio Mohor Zummers (1920-2002), amongst other big exponents of the arabic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the visibilization of the indigenous people rankülche of San Luis (Argentina) in the press, in a context characterized by the implementation of actions by the provincial government during the 21st century. This is the restitution of land in 2007 and the construction of "Pueblo Ranquel" for the community life of this population, inaugurated in 2009. The objective is to examine the journalistic notes, paying special attention to the representations built towards the natives, as well as around the emerging relation between them and the state. The focus is set on news of El Diario de la República, at the province capital, although also includes publications of other national newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses media coverage of corruption scandals in Spain between 1996 and 2009. The fi rst aim is to determine to what extent the two most-read newspapers in Spain, El País and El Mundo, cover corruption scandals following different political orientations. Results illustrate highly partisan media coverage: there are important differences in how these newspapers cover corruption cases, depending on the political party involved (PP or PSOE). A second goal is to analyse whether the media influence citizens' perception of corruption as a public problem. Results show that, when the number of news stories on political corruption increases, the percentage of citizens that consider corruption as one of the most important problems in Spain also increases. Media impact on public opinion is high and occurs in the short- to mid-term. Finally, the paper analyses to what extent the perception of corruption is influenced by changes in the perception of the economic situation, by showing that this variable has low explanatory power compared to media coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses deeply the news related to Food Safety published throughout 2014 in the four newspapers of greatest diffusion in the Galician Community in order to know their journalistic treatment and the most relevant topics. The most recurrent themes were Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. The Sea section was the one that included the largest number of news due to the importance of the fishing sector in Galicia. Information such as the distribution of fishing quotas or the Russian veto to European agricultural-food products was monitored continuously. News, related to nutrition and health, were also frequently published, highlighting the beneficial effect of the consumption of foods included in the Atlantic diet. Although serious food risks did not occur, the analyzed press also collected widely the health alert in France attributed initially to the consumption of Galician mussels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration and its regulation are key issues in society and, as such, are subject to political discourses that show the arguments of the different social actors, especially political parties. Press is one of the main mechanisms used by these social actors to show such discourses. Hence, this paper analyzes how six Spanish newspapers presented the political discourses on the Foreigners law, as the main legal-political instrument to manage immigration, from 2003 to 2016, as well as the position of the political parties that were the main sources of discourse. To achieve this, we worked with the Zapata-Barrero model, which categorizes political discourses on immigration into two types: pro-active discourses and re-active discourses, which shows their preference for managing multiculturalism as a challenge or a problem, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]