Search

The research analyzes the Twitter network made up of users and their interactions during the Conference of the Parties (COP) COP15 held in Montreal from December 7 to 19, 2022. The main objective is to measure the characteristics of the network and identify the key players in the conversation and the main topics addressed. We also sought to recognize if there was any relationship between the format of the messages and the level of engagement. To carry out the analysis, we used a methodology that combined quantitative and qualitative social network analysis techniques. The results suggest that communication through Twitter was a key factor in the successful mobilization of the environmental movement during COP15 and in raising awareness of the need to take concrete actions to address climate change. Likewise, the highest engagement was generated by mostly critical and urgent messages, focused on the need to take concrete action to address the biodiversity and climate change crisis. This reflects a separation between the activism reflected in the network and the scientific and political leadership present at the Summit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes the book "Green Public Policies: Design, Analysis, and Implementation" coordinated by Rafael Aguilera and Rogelio López, which addresses the topic of environmental public policies and their importance in the academic field. It highlights the increasing relevance of these policies since 2010 and mentions research journals where studies on the subject have been published. The need for plural and participatory governance is emphasized, considering the rights of individuals and vulnerable populations. The importance of scientific research and academic activity in this field is also mentioned. Additionally, countries such as Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mexico are mentioned for their environmental policies and research in this area. The book "Green Public Policies: Design, Analysis, and Implementation" published by the Nuevo León Editorial Fund aims to analyze public policies from a green and environmental perspective, addressing the challenges and difficulties of designing and implementing these policies, as well as their historical background and contemporary theoretical debates. The water crisis is highlighted, and the importance of a legal and philosophical perspective in the analysis of these policies is emphasized. The book also suggests that citizen participation and shared decision-making are fundamental in the formulation of socio-environmental public policies. [Extracted from the article]

In September 2020, Xi Jinping announced China's commitment to reaching maximum carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. This work aims to analyze the objectives and scope of these announcements, focusing not only on China's intention to present itself as a global leader in environmental matters, but also as a spokesperson for emerging and developing countries. At the same time, this announcement will be framed as the continuity of a state policy on environmental matters carried out since the 1990s, in line with the rise of China's international prominence. To do this, official documents and sources will be used, and it will be contrasted with the literature on the subject. Finally, it is proposed that the announced objective can be achieved, but under certain specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the importance of the melting of the Arctic ice for Mexico. The research examines the impacts of this process, the Mexican government’s environmental policies, citizen’s perception and the media’s approach to climate change and the melting of the Arctic ice. To obtain the results, an exploratory analysis was carried out, from which it was concluded that, despite the importance of the Arctic melting in the current climate crisis affecting all countries, and specifically Mexico, within the political agendas of the nation, the citizenry and the mass media, both climate change and the Arctic melting are secondary issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental strategies in tourism reduce the negative impact of this sector while seeking to achieve positive effects on its competitiveness and differentiation. However, there is still a research gap in the academic literature on the connection between eco-certifications and the prices that clients are willing to pay for this type of service. This paper analyzes guests' willingness to pay for rooms in environmentally friendly hotels in Mexico. The study focuses on three of the states with the largest number of hotel establishments in the country: Quintana Roo, Veracruz, and Jalisco. The differences among the states regarding the willingness of the guests to pay for hotels with eco-certification were evaluated by taking into account the category of the establishment. Hedonic price models were used to evaluate the effect of both eco-certification and different hotel attributes on the price of a room. Information regarding prices was obtained from the Trivago database, and the equations were estimated by taking into account data panel techniques. The results show a significant effect on the willingness to pay for hotels with eco-certifications, with differences among states and categories. The limitation of this research is the time of data collection and the place of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Chaco, one of the provinces with higher deforestation rate in Argentina, the trajectory of this indicator was not homogenous. Besides, the decision-making of provincial state had different paths to respond to this problem. Thus, this paper tries to answer what the causes that influence in the state fluctuations in the implementation of environmental policies are. Throughout a case study in which I compare four different moments between 2008 and 2019, I argue that the state fluctuations depend on the resolution of the conflict between two coalition (protectionist vs. productivist). State responds favorably to one or another when one of them deploys three strategies together: coordination, institutional and public pressure strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a critical study regarding the existing articulation challenges in the policy of substitution of crops for illicit use and the policy of conservation and sustainable use in ethnic territories in Colombia from a casuistic perspective referring to the orders issued by the judges of restitution of lands where orders have been issued regarding the restoration of ecosystems and biocultural rights. The axis of analysis of this article is guided by the following question: What are the conditions for the strategies of substitution of crops for illicit use in ethnic territories to be effectively articulated with the conservation and forest restoration tools? One of the findings and inputs for the discussion refers to the low integration and coordination of actions available to solve the problems of environmental scope associated with the territorial affectations produced by events related to the armed conflict in Colombia. By way of conclusion, the conditions that must be modified to solve the legal problems of restoration of rights and administrative disarticulation in terms of environmental policy and the policy of reparation to victims are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept, and implementation, of coordinated global climate governance at the metropolitan level is one of the biggest challenges in most of the world's cities. Yet--ironically--it is also one of the most overlooked aspects of the international environmental agenda. Specifi- cally, one of the main challenges is to achieve coordination in decision making, as well as in the implementation of actions to homologate the objectives of the different government agendas at all levels, i.e. the constitution of climate and environmental policies not only at the federal level but also at the state and municipal level (in the Mexican case). This article reviews the link achieved between the nine municipal governments that make up the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (AMG) through PACmetro, which promotes coordinated climate governance and addresses the gaps in international mechanisms for climate change policies. The above, generated through the synergies of different agendas, through the Institute for Development Planning and Management (Imeplan). Imeplan has integrated different actors, from different levels, to carry out coordinated actions on urban climate policies in western Mexico that contribute to the construction of a common urban agenda. The conclusion shows the contributions of Latin American local governments to a coordinated climate governance according to local contexts and how the will of cities contributes to the strengthening of the link between global climate governance, the exercise of paradiplomacy between different public, private and hybrid actors towards a common urban agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the state and community efforts to face both environmental problems and health effects in the country through two different strategies: 1) the Environmental Emergency Regions (REA) and 2) the Tayolchikawalis strategy (ET) of the Regional Agricultural Cooperative Society "Tosepan Titataniske" (Tosepan Titataniske Society (STT)). Methodology: A case analysis was carried out based on the physical review of the social and environmental situation in the territory, as well as the verification of the collective efforts to face the environmental problems that affected them. Results: It was observed that community processes are oriented towards solidarity development with collective participation, while REAs are projects focused on environmental recovery objectives with more limited social participation. Limitations: The main and most important difficulty in carrying out this work were the risks due to the health crisis that hindered some of the visits, interviews, and consultations. Conclusion: Both social efforts and the interest of the State manifest positive effects for territorial environmental recovery, but the social fabric can only be reestablished when the importance of collective participation in the planning and development of these projects is recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to establish recommendations for public policy to enhance the National Marine Waste Plan 2021-2030 in Costa Rica. The methodology employed in this research was a combination of expert consultation and discussion, as well as the analysis of secondary information. The findings of the research identified advances, omissions and challenges facing marine solid waste management mentioned, as well as providing possible options for public policy. The research concludes that it is necessary to create the necessary conditions to enhance its implementation considering aspects of measurement, articulation, circular and innovative models, directionality, and opportunities for marine waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the emergence of the first Canarian environmental associations at the end of Franco's regime. Starting with a general description of environmental policies during the dictatorship, the article then hones in on the role of the sociable, scientifico-naturalist experiences afforded by mountaineering groups, which in turn gave rise to a certain kind of environmental association in the Canary Islands. Furthermore, the article describes the organizational forms, the themes, the repertoires of action and the main environmental conflicts in which such groups participated, assessing their role as precursors of the new environmental movement that emerged during the transition to democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Green New Deal has been defined as "an unprecedented mobilization of resources to achieve 100% renewable energy to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions" (NEF, 2019, p.4). Currently there is consensus about its purpose, however, little has been theorized about its establishment in Colombia. In this sense, our objective is to identify the institutional changes required to establish a Green New Deal in Colombia, using a Delphi methodology, appropriate for interviewing experts. As a result of this research, it was found that, of the twelve useful public policies for their establishment identified in the theoretical framework, seven comply with the guidelines for assessing environmental policy instruments proposed by Labandeira et al. (2007) and therefore are considered necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concern about the relationship between environmental problems and moral reflection is not new, however, it has been treated from the legal specificity. Importance has been given to the economic aspect because the environmental tax is necessary in the collection of the different countries. But there is no moral foundation for ecological taxes. The lack of moral basis leads to distortion and easy access to commercial interests or, failing that, to distortion. Thus, the set of values supported by ecoethics allows public policies to have greater clarity and orientation at the time of planning all ecological legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article a literature review is carried out with the aim of analysing the current state of research on public policies on eco-innovation in tourism, to provide a knowledge base on the potential and nature of this object of study. A content analysis of the publications in the Web of Science database was carried out. Starting from open-access articles under a structured search equation, 182 articles from the period between 1991 and 2021 were identified; these were subsequently analysed and classified under the Cloud of Science and Tree of Science software. The results show that the study of eco-innovation and its relationship with public policies in tourism contexts is most advanced in Asian countries, and the literature in Latin American contexts is still at an incipient stage. Research on policies that promote environmental care and regulatory policies that improve ecological processes is identified, highlighting the importance of practices and operational factors. It is concluded that studies on remedial, punitive, and macro-regulatory policies for environmental science and technology are absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to explore in the literature, the definitions, descriptions and associations, related to the constructs: non-ecological behavior and non-sustainable consumption, in the last 20 years. Based on a narrative review, studies published between the years 2002-2022, in Spanish and English, were identified. 60 research studies were selected and examined through the creation of emerging categories that allow understanding and conceptualizing each construct. It is identified that they are multicausal and interdisciplinary constructs, which have been acquiring greater interest in scientific research due to their essential role and direct impact on the current ecological crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this interview with Javiera Barandiarán, Sebastián Rubiano enables us to reflect on the diversity of epistemologies revolving around Science and Technology Studies (STS) in Latin America. In an open conversation, Barandiarán shares the unique characteristics of the sociological and historical study of science in our region, including a colonial past, tensions, alliances with governments, and an ever-present extractivism. This interview enables us to observe the characteristics of the STS field in the context of the social, political, and technological challenges shared by several countries in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an infectious disease linked to environmental deterioration, this article analyzes the Ecuadorian public policies on climate change as a guarantee of the human right to a healthy environment, through documentary research based on the behaviorist theory of public policies. The deductive method and the documentary analysis technique were used. Ecuador has incorporated regulations on the adaptation and mitigation of climate change, and has implemented plans and programs to eliminate greenhouse gases. However, environmental policy requires state attention, generating investment in environmental matters for national financing (public-private). The strategic health sector requires a budget in order to guarantee the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, as the instrument of the National Environmental Policy is an essential tool for the environmental license, Law 6938/81, in its article 2, item III, instituted the evaluation of environmental impacts. With the development of the license studies, it was found that the environmental agencies, no matter how better equipped they were, would not have the conditions to proceed with the environmental impact assessment studies of certain activities and large-scale projects. Thus arose the need for these studies to be synthesized in a special document. The synthesis document was called, in the licensing system for polluting activities of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Deliberation CECA 3, of 12/28/1977), the "Environmental Influence Report" (RIMA), currently called "Environmental Impact Report". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor air quality in large cities such as Bogotá, due to fixed and mobile emission sources of particulate matter, negatively affects the social, economic and ecological systems of the city. Population growth is one of the main causes that influence air pollution. Therefore, it is considered necessary to analyze the cause-effect relationships of pollution, its sources and the effects on the population. For this reason, developing a model using computer tools such as system dynamics, which can evaluate different environmental policy scenarios, will help to reduce pollution levels and improve the life quality of the population. The methodology used was quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach, divided into four stages, gathering information, proposing the causal diagram, developing the simulation model and evaluating scenarios. Vensim® was the software used as the simulation tool. As a result, it was found that highly polluting stationary and mobile sources cause an uncontrolled increase in PM10. It was also found that annual conversion rates to clean technologies must be 10% per year or higher to achieve a 50% reduction in PM10 levels, in the medium and long term. The main conclusions were to determine that the use of simulation technologies such as system dynamics are very useful to formulate more effective environmental policies. The simulation presented the need for environmental policies to be long-term structural policies that do not vary depending on the change of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a systematic review of the scientific literature on participatory monitoring (PM) in Mexico in order to understand its dimensions and usefulness for decision-making and public environmental policies. For this, a conceptual scheme of the mp is proposed from the socioecosystemic perspective (SEPM) in accordance with interdisciplinary scientific approaches and citizen science, through eight structural dimensions. The qualitative method of analysis was based on the application of the Search, Assessment, Synthesis, Analysis (SALSA) protocol, and the use of Scopus and scielo databases. The results first describe general spatial and temporal trends for Latin America and, subsequently, focus on the analysis of 24 preselected and coded publications for Mexico, considering monitoring criteria related to eight structural dimensions of the conceptual scheme. It is observed that the SEPM in Mexico has increased since the year 2000, the scale has been local, the land tenure dominant of social property, the regional scope, and has been more applied to the forest, water and agroforestry socio-ecosystems. The sepm has great potential for decisionmaking at different organizational levels, especially when it is implemented in an integrated manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of environmental fiscal instruments (taxes and fees) used in Costa Rica to finance conversation activities on biodiversity is analyzed. The collection of fiscal income is estimated, as well as its distribution in the different projects in favor of the environment. These tax revenues have contributed to limitations and deficiencies in forest recovery and the protection of bodies of water, mostly located in rural areas, and have incorporated women and indigenous people in these economic and conservation activities. Thus, environmental fiscal policy has contributed moderately to the sustainable development of these rural territories, which makes it urgent for fiscal policy to identify new environmental fiscal instruments that redirect towards a resilient and inclusive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of renewable energy consumption, electricity demand, sustainable economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on international trade in the countries of U.S. - Mexico - Canada Agreement (USMCA). To do this, unit root, cointegration and causality tests are applied, and the long-term relationship between the variables is estimated. The results suggest that the variables are integrated of different order and that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between them. There is a positive relationship between the consumption of renewable energy, the demand for electrical energy and sustainable economic growth on international trade, while CO2 emissions reduce it. This implies that it is important to analyze energy policies that encourage increased consumption of renewable energy to boost international trade, in order to accelerate sustainable economic growth in the region. In addition, the feedback relationship between CO2 emissions and the demand for electrical energy could have important implications within the energy and environmental policy for the panel of countries in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests provide ecosystem services (ES) that confer comparative advantages to the land market. The aim of research was to value forests that support ES in agricultural systems located in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. The hedonic price method was used to observe the influence of the forest on the price of farms and the contingent valuation method was used to find urban inhabitants' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the conservation of the forests that guarantee these ES. Landowners identified carbon storage as the forest's main ES, but the price of the land did not reflect the economic benefits derived from these: the marginal WTP was - $ 964.4 dollars, a value that represents the opportunity cost of land use. However, the WTP per household was 0.33 dollars per year, a value that shows potential in the implementation of environmental conservation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Global Environmental Impunity Index Mexico 2020 develops a methodology for measuring environmental impunity levels. Environmental impunity is defined through a thick approach following green criminology and refers to the lack of investigation, prosecution, punishment, and damage reparation of crimes committed against the environment; non-compliance of environmental or climate policy objectives; and the inexistence of intergenerational strategies and policy programs. The results show low performance in Mexican states, as they reach half the maximum score they could achieve. This reflects fragile environmental policies and insufficient institutional capacities to protect ecosystems and guarantee the right to a healthy environment. We focus on the importance of measuring degrees of environmental impunity to operationalize environmental justice problems; we discuss the scope of the concept of environmental impunity; we explain the methodological design of its four dimensions, its forty-two indicators, and the statistical model of the Index; and we analyze its aggregate results. In conclusion, the need to develop more reliable systems of environmental indicators; the explanatory value of institutional capacities; and the complexity involved in measuring environmental crimes and damage are each highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article presents the theoretical foundations of environmental culture, based on the main contributions of an educational nature, taking as a starting point the analysis and conceptualization of the subject. To achieve the aforementioned, various scientific texts developed by authors at the international, national and local levels were consulted, which provide elements related to environmental culture and facilitate the understanding of cultural practices related to the environment, in addition, they give meaning to the complex network established between community members and the local environment. Therefore, environmental issues should be focused on promoting a culture in the population focused on reducing and counteracting environmental problems present today, preserving an adequate quality of life in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the link between three concepts: environment, sustainability and inequality. From the case of the Landfill of the city of San Carlos de Bariloche (Río Negro),the distributive effects of environmental policies (or the lack of them) are analyzed in three interdependent actors: social, private and state(including scientific-technological).Reconstructing the information from semi-structured interviews with key actors and bibliographic works that address this case, this article seeks to answer the question, what reasons explain why the main environmental problem in the city of Bariloche cannot besolved? It is concluded that the lack of aminimum vision among the group of actors overtime is sufficient reason for the impossibility of solving the main environmental problem of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the need of an Ethical code for the mining worker as part of the environmental management the nickel industry carries out in Cuba. Environmental Ethics has a paramount role as a discipline of theoretical-practical knowledge in conception of a sustainable development. In the mining-metallurgical business field, perception is quite formed that legal regulations are adequate for good environmental practices, ignoring the paramount role of awareness, which, above all, it is based on moral and political aspects. In that way, it is appropriate to draft a deontological code for the mining worker that ensures, together with the legal aspects, the improvement in knowledge, skills, norms, principles and convictions that facilitate the ecological management of natural system linked with society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractive activities constitute an essential strategic sector in the renewable transformation of the new energy model that the European Union is ambitiously promoting through numerous regulatory and strategic instruments in the last five years from the Paris Agreement until the recent approval of the proposed regulatory package "Fit for 55" and the European Climate Law, with the aim of achieving climate neutrality in 2050. To achieve this objective, the so-called critical mineral resources (CRM, critical raw materials) constitute a key element related to climate change and the development of renewable technologies of the new energy model, once again placing these activities at the center of the history of industrial and economic transformations, this time in the 21st century. Despite the impetus and attention from the European Union, through the EU Action Plan on minerals and raw materials essential for the development of strategic sectors and the promotion of their extraction, in Spain we continue in a regime of exceptionality and constitutional abnormality before the still pending Law of Bases of the Mining Regime (art. 149.1.25) that adapts the preconstitutional Law of 1973 to the organization and competences of the Autonomous State, and that dynamizes and promotes a new intelligent and environmentally climatic mining (Smart Mining) both with a current regulation in the granting of permits and concessions, as happens in the legislation of neighboring countries, as well as with the introduction of technologies that facilitate the search for resources with new prospecting methods and the resolution of mineral problems and improvement of the final products. However, maintaining a tradition of the Governments in Spain of the absence of regulatory predetermination and great discretion in their actions and decisions, paradoxically these activities have not received the slightest attention in the three pillars of our Strategic Framework for Energy and Climate, leaving a mere very punctual mention, and also in a prohibitive sense, in the recent Law on Climate Change and Energy Transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical analysis of public policies on environmental conservation, management, and tourism development in the protected natural areas of Ecuador to detect their dysfunctions, contradictions, and problems of applicability. A predominantly exploratory research methodology with a descriptive-analytical approach is used when studying and systematizing the different regulations, actions and guidelines existing and implemented by international and national organizations with competencies in environmental conservation and sustainable development. These are systematized and analyzed through the main documents of interest that include principles, strategic guidelines, and specific rules of application. Through primary and secondary sources, and internal documentation of various Administrations we have identified the most visible effects and impacts that these policies have generated in the protection and/or valorization of the natural heritage, as well as in the tourist development compatible with the conservation of these spaces, the generation of complementary income and economic diversification for local communities. We concluded that Ecuadorian regulations on the conservation of protected areas present notable points of collision and lack of coherence or coordination with tourism policies. This is the consequence of two main factors: the lack of a broad strategic vision and comprehensive territorial planning of these territories as sustainable tourist destinations and the lack of a framework for management, planning and collaborative planning between the different local agencies and agents that affect these spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the light of the technical complexity required for the design of environmental policies, we ask: What are the factors that influence the role of experts and the use of their knowledge in the design of an environmental policy? How is the political and economic context linked to the role of experts? We distinguish between two types of experts (proactive and advisory) and depart from the working hypothesis that experts will be more proactive in contexts of greater economic-environmental conflict over land uses and greater political plurality. To answer our questions, we compare the application of the National Law on Native Forests in the Argentine provinces of Formosa, Mendoza, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego between 2008 and 2012. Our findings show that experts play a proactive role in contexts of greater economic-environmental conflict but not necessarily in contexts of greater political plurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Describe the unsafe conditions of the environmental public policies in recyclers' cooperatives. Materials and methods: Descriptive research with non-experimental design, with a transectional character; Observation is used as a research technique and the questionnaire as an instrument using a Likert scale. The population is made up of 100 recyclers unionized through cooperatives in urban areas of the Cartagena de Indias district. The technique used to collect information was the survey; By selecting the questionnaire as an instrument, descriptive statistics was used, and the data were analyzed using SPSS and R.3.2.3 software. Results: More than 95% of the recyclers believe that the security measures are moderately or highly ful - filled; However, it is observed that for cleaning orders the percentage of high compliance is 68.7%, this being the lowest with respect to defective material or tool and incorrect warning systems. Conclusion: The material indicators or defective tools together with the incorrect notification systems to the actors gave results of high compliance, which is a sign of their propensity to favor the implementation of public policies aimed at the development of avoiding unsafe working conditions, with the support of current regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at examining, albeit briefly, the method, content and application of the mandatory financial guarantees imposed on operators by Law 26/2007, of October 23, on Environmental Responsibility (hereinafter LRM). We propose the need to subscribe in one of its modalities to every operator included in Annex III of the Law, highlighting three of its fundamental aspects: its requirement, its application and its purpose. Taking into account the principle of “whoever pollutes pays”, it is necessary for any operator that starts an activity with a significant risk to the environment, to subscribe to one of the modalities of the guarantees established in sections a), b) and c) of art. 26 of the LRM, to meet the obligations and responsibilities that the Law imposes on it as an operator. What is sought with these guarantee modalities is to ensure that the operator whose activity presents a greater potential of risk for the environment, can have the economic resources necessary to face environmental responsibilities and the high costs that adoption entails. of such measures to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment. Reference should be made to the environmental insurance policy, as the most common form of financial guarantees. Due to its characteristics and unique nature, it requires specific treatment. Therefore, we consider that, if these guarantees are not made mandatory, the environmental protection system established in the LRM would be significantly damaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on experiences of participation by civil society actors, we propose to develop a diagnosis of the relationship between society and the State in policies of adaptation to climate change in Acapulco, Guerrero. The information was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The information was coded and categorized by identifying one or more text passages with a theme and relating it to a code. We found a fragmentation of agendas and mechanisms for public action by civil actors in a political environment characterized by a sub-national authoritarianism that prevents the construction of dissident political agendas, and a lack of specialized knowledge about the problem of climate change by local activists. For climate science information to be assimilated, it must actively communicate in the appropriate language, seeking participatory mechanisms that generate reliable and transparent data production, and that strengthen the emergence of a common environmentalist agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the birth of air pollutant regulation and its transformation, which, formerly under state control, moved on to a regime based on market instruments. The author shows the gradual commercialization of the approach to air pollution problems, whose origins can be traced to the United States, summarized in three different historic moments: the Emission Trading Program (1982), the Average between Refineries (1985), and the Acid Rain Program (1995). These experiments, in a framework of the command and control environmental regulatory regime, led to the creation of the first atmospheric contaminant emissions market in world history and opened up the road to the new "cap and trade" environmental regulatory regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy paradigm represents a space for innovation and for the greening of the productive model that can bring not only environmental but also social and economic benefits. Spain has recently approved its first Circular Economy Action Plan, which, in the absence of an updated Waste and Contaminated Land Law in line with European regulations, is the first concrete expression of the Spanish Circular Economy Strategy 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy paradigm represents a space for innovation and for the greening of the productive model that can bring not only environmental but also social and economic benefits. Spain has recently approved its first Circular Economy Action Plan, which, in the absence of an updated Waste and Contaminated Land Law in line with European regulations, is the first concrete expression of the Spanish Circular Economy Strategy 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp forest (aguajales) are considered the main Amazonian tropical peatlands that contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity and the hydrological cycle, in addition to their considerable contribution in carbon sequestration and storage. Through an exhaustive literature review and field observations we identify the importance, threat factors and opportunity for these ecosystems. The peatlands store more than twice as much carbon as all the world’s forests together and form a target group for the study of climate change. Access to non-destructive extraction systems for the harvest of fruits must be articulated with socio-economic development plans. The application of participatory environmental education policies and economic incentives to the communities that protect these valuable territories is a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining activities depend on the feasibility of extracting non-renewable resources, so the interruptions of the mining cycle are intrinsic issues to mining, depending on economic, social, or technical factors that can obstruct the continuity of the process. This article addresses the characterization of different types of interruptions, encompassed here within what we call the post-mining stage, emphasizing on the perception of the population that is linked to the sites where mining is interrupted. Five case studies are taken that reflect different types of post-mining activities and processes, framed in the situation observed in 2018, using qualitative methods from the geography of perception. The contribution of the research lies in unveiling how the actions carried out by companies and governments overlap, contrasting with the perception of the populations that are linked to mining. This work is an approach to the understanding of what happens with the towns and the populations linked to mining once it ceases: how the relationship with the site and with its daily life is modified throughout the post-mining phase of differentiated way in each case presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the implementation of a forest conservation program in indigenous communities analyze how the indigenous population understands the state as an environmental ruling institution and how they perform as users of public policy. The results of this ethnographic study suggest that the implementation of this scheme of economic incentives for conservation generates a weak connection of the state as an environmental institution but reinforces the role of the state as a provider of development opportunities. With this scheme, the indigenous population has constructed alternative interpretations of forest conservation as an asset to attract future development opportunities and of economic incentives as rewards and tips. The main state effect of the program is the bureaucratisation of communities to adapt then to the state ideal of installing an audit culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several authors report a transition from lower to higher complexity in the environmental assessment politics, from an originally sectoral approach to a systemic and strategic perspective. However, as in any political process, these shifts are neither homogeneous nor linear. In fact, there are significant differences in the environmental assessment systems of the global North and South. This theoretical essay analyzes the tensions that the economic growth causes on the design and application of the environmental assessments in Latin America and Chile; and how the economic pressures have hampered the construct of a systemic, strategic and democratic environmental assessment, with the urgency that the critical Anthropocene context demands nowadays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste has been generating environmental problems for a long time, but some, such as packaging and plastics, have a proven utility (as we are verifying during the coronavirus epidemic); justifying the intervention of the Law. This regulation has evolved according to the perception of the environmental problems posed by waste, packaging and plastics; specifically, from the idea of "produce, use and throw away" it has moved to the circular economy. The work analyzes this normative evolution in the European Union and in Spain, from the original regulation to the current one, which already incorporates the philosophy of the circular economy, mainly in relation to plastics, and particularly at the national level, with projects and standards new in this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the seriousness of environmental problems, it is necessary for municipalities to acquire a greater role, develop strategies and capacities in order to preserve their natural resources for the benefit of current and future generations. In this context, it is examined, from the perspective of different actors--officers, businessmen and academics--the effectiveness of the programs and actions developed by the municipalities of Ahome, Guasave and Sinaloa to attend the main environmental challenges faced in the region. The study is based on the analysis of the development plans of these municipalities located in the northern area of Sinaloa and on the semistructured interview with the actors already defined. The interviewees agree that there is no authentic environmental public policy that marks the way forward to attend the environmental problems of the region, nor is there a necessary culture or environmental awareness by the population, which is worrying, since the natural environment begins to show signs of exhaustion and today is the time to act and to avoid waiting for irremiadable consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How are culture and nature represented in Tierra del Fuego National Park? The interest in addressing this question is to reflect on protected areas and, from there, analyze State policies of intervention in environmental conservation issues. With this objective we will study the Maiá-Kú interpretive center and the brochures offered in this national park. We understand that the culture-nature dichotomy is a particular type of interpretation of environmental conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the transformation of administration unilateral decisions, based on the incidence of participation principle in the formation process of administrative decisions, in order to contribute to the understanding of an adaptable administrative act theory in the colombian legal system. Methodological recourse, is based on the dogmatic revision of Administrative Law, and the contributions of the special part of Administrative Law as a way for the reconstruction to general theory. thus, the study of the special administrative procedure for the granting of environmental licenses in Colombia is proposed as a 'reference sector', that allows according to the findings, the analysis of the administrative act elements and the dogmatic consequences regarding its validity, beyond the vice for irregular issuance due to affectation of its formal element. It generates the possibility of proposing the configuration of other vices related to the competency, objective or finalistic elements, when the administrative acts are issued without the standards of participation from environmental justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One way to guarantee the food security of the eastern part of the country and to fight against climate change, is undoubtedly the construction of the underground tunnel in the municipality of Mayarí, due to the urgency of transferring the water from where it exists to the areas that they are scarce of this resource, which makes it a prioritized task, however, it is necessary to evaluate the impacts caused by such construction, taking into account the importance of the effects that already produce the country's environmental policy. The objective of this research is to identify, characterize and evaluate the environmental impacts resulting from the construction of the underground tunnel in the municipality of Mayarí and propose measures to minimize and correct the negative effects. As part of the work, a plan of measures for the prevention, mitigation and correction of negative effects was develo [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the respective effects of majority and proportional representation electoral systems on tax policies designed to reduce pollution. The following findings were obtained: in a majority electoral system, environmental regulation is extreme with very low or high taxes compared to a socially optimal policy; in a proportional representation system, environmental policy is moderate (taxes are moderate compared to taxes implemented in a majority system); and environmental policy in proportional representation systems more closely resembles a socially optimal policy. Electoral institutions account for these findings, which are due to the number of effective parties and legislative negotiation in Congress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]