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Objective. To analyze the differential expression of proteins of Ae. aegypti infected with Wolbachia and its association with the viral cycle of dengue virus (DENV). Materials and methods. We review a database of proteins from Ae. aegypti infected and uninfected with Wolbachia and we reviewed published articles in peer-reviewed journals that talk about participation in the protein and viral cycle of DENV. Results. We found proteins that expressed changes in Wolbachia infection, some increased and others decreased, which participate in the processes of entry, replication, and exit of DENV. Conclusions. There are changes in protein expression of Wolbachia-infected cells, which are necessary for the DENV replication cycle, explaining why some Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes are refractory to DENV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Investiga: Investigaciin, Vinculación, Docencia y Gestiin is the property of Revista Enfermeria Investiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of QhaliKay: Revista de Ciencias de la Salud is the property of QhaliKay Revista de Ciencias de la Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) cause morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic animals worldwide. The percentage of population immunity or susceptibility to these viruses in Ecuador is unknown. Objectives: To investigate the proportion of Ecuadorian populations with IgG antibodies (Abs) (past exposure/immunity) and IgM Abs (current exposure) against flaviviruses and alphaviruses and to study the activity of these viruses in Ecuador. Materials and methods: During 2009-2011, we conducted a serosurvey for selected arboviruses in humans (n=1,842), equines (n=149), and sentinel hamsters (n=84) at two coastal locations and one in the Amazon basin (Eastern Ecuador) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition test. Results: From 20.63% to 63.61% of humans showed IgG-antibodies for the flaviviruses: Dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV) Saint Louis encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus (WNV); from 4.67% to 8.63% showed IgG-Abs for the alphaviruses: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, and western equine encephalitis virus. IgM-Abs were found for DENV and WNV. Equines and hamsters showed antibodies to alphaviruses in all locations; two hamsters seroconverted to YFV in the Amazonia. Conclusions: The results show a YFV vaccination history and suggest the activity of arboviruses not included in the current surveillance scheme. Enhanced arbovirus and mosquito surveillance, as well as continued YFV vaccination and evaluation of its coverage/effectiveness, are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The disease caused by the dengue virus constitutes a serious health problem for tropical countries. The last decade has seen the re-emergence of this entity in Cuba, with evident changes in its clinical behavior. Objective: to compare the clinical-epidemiological behavior between two series of cases of patients with dengue confirmed diagnosis, in different periods of time. Methods: a descriptive, comparative study that included two series of cases of hospitalized patients with dengue confirmed diagnosis: series A, sample of 83 patients seen in 2017; and series B, sample of 327 seen in 2018. Variables such as: age, signs and symptoms, clinical findings, alarm signs, severe forms, and indicators of quality of care in dengue patients were analyzed. Results: in general, the acute febrile syndrome predominated, although other signs and symptoms such as asthenia, anorexia, rash and retro-ocular pain, manifested a higher incidence in series B. In both groups the most frequent paraclinical finding was lymphocytosis. In series B, the quality standards for the care of patients with dengue were more affected; as well as it also presented a higher rate of alarm signs, serious forms and complications. Conclusions: Although the study analyzed series of patients in two consecutive periods, the more complex behavior was evident in the second, due to the higher incidence of symptoms and less favorable figures for the quality standards established for the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. It is essential to determine the interactions between viruses and mosquitoes to diminish dengue viral transmission. These interactions constitute a very complex system of highly regulated pathways called the Innate Immune System of mosquito that produces effector molecules like antimicrobial peptides (AMP). These AMP function against bacterial and fungal infections, but on virus infections, there is less information. Objective. To determine the expression of two AMP genes (Defensin A and Cecropin A genes) in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with DENV-1. Materials and methods. The F1 generation of mosquitoes orally infected with DENV-1 was used. Infection assays in conjunction with real-time PCR analysis were used to determine whether the Defensin A and Cecropin A genes have potential roles in controlling DENV-1 replication in Ae. aegypti. As a reference, similar experiments were performed with bacteria Escherichia coli Results. Basal levels of defensin A and cecropin A mRNAs were expressed in uninfected mosquitoes at different times post-blood feeding. The infected mosquitoes experienced reduced expression of these mRNAs by at least eightfold when compared to uninfected control mosquitoes at all time post-infection. In contrast with the behavior of DENV-1, results show that bacterial infection produced up-regulation of Defensin and Cecropin genes; however, the induction of transcripts occurred at later times (15 days). Conclusion. DENV-1 virus inhibits the expression of Defensin A and Cecropin A genes of wild Ae. aegypti population from Venezuela. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: The study of dengue as a clinical and epidemiological entity is becoming increasingly important given the tendency to increase the number of cases and the rate of reported complications presented by patients suffering from it. Osbjective: to characterize the clinical-epidemiological evolution of patients diagnosed with dengue. Methods: a retrospective descriptive study of a series of cases was carried out at the General Hospital of Cienfuegos, in the period January-June 2017. All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue by IgM (N = 83) were included. Results: the average age was 42 years. The most represented age group was 40-49 years (28.9%). Patients with white skin color (74.7%), and female sex (59.0%) predominated. The municipality with the most cases was Cienfuegos. Fever was the main reason for consultation (96.4%), followed by headache (78.3%) and retroocular pain (64.4%). 36.1% of the cases presented an alarm sign. The most frequent paraclinical finding was lymphocyte predominance (95.2%). No ultrasonographic abnormalities were reported. Conclusion: all the patients studied presented a favorable evolution. Less than half of them presented some warning sign, and none developed any of the so-called serious forms of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates several functions in neurons, endothelial, and epithelial cells, including the cytoskeleton dynamics. Likewise, it has been reported that some cytoskeleton elements, such as actin filaments and microtubules, play an essential role during Dengue virus (DENV) infection. This work aimed to evaluate the role of CDK5 during DENV-2 infection by two methods, chemical inhibition, and gene silencing. The antiviral activity of roscovitine was evaluated using Plaque Forming Units (PFU) assay. The transfection efficiency and knockdown of CDK5, using artificial miRNAs, was carried out by flow cytometry. The effect on the viral envelope protein and cytoskeleton elements was evidenced by advanced fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. Roscovitine showed antiviral activity in pre and post-infection stages in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with roscovitine and miRCDK5 decrease the amount of CDK5 in uninfected cells. In cells infected and transfected with miRCDK5, as well as treated with the inhibitor, a significant reduction of the viral envelope protein was observed; however, no significant reduction of CDK5 was found. Also, evident morphological cellular changes were observed during the treatment with roscovitine in infected cells. The results indicate the potential participation of CDK5 during DENV-2 infection, possibly mediating protein translation or replication of the viral genome through the cytoskeletal dynamics regulation. Additional data are required to clarify the mechanistic of these phenomena using alternative methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The emergence of the liver damage is frequent in the clinical course of the infection due to the dengue virus, which is associated to the oxidative stress. Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness of the Vimang® concentrate in patients with diagnosis of liver damage due to dengue virus. Methods: A clinical open and randomized assay in phase III was carried out, in the Hepathology department of "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Provincial Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from June, 2014 to the same month in 2017, consistent in the use of Vimang® concentrate in 39 patients with reactive hepatitis due to dengue fever, who formed the study group, and then the results were compared with those of the control group, integrated by equally number of patients with the affection, in whom the habitual hygienic-dietary measures were applied. Results: In the series an important decrease of the mean values of the tests was obtained to evaluate the hepatic function in both groups, but they were more significant in the patients who received Vimang®. In the same way, an improvement was appreciated after 9 months in 89.0 % of the cases as for the decrease of the symptoms, compared to a 69.2 % of the controls. Hepatomegaly, as the most important physical sign, disappeared in the total of the cases after a year of clinical follow-up; however, it remained in 7.2 % of the control group. Conclusions: It could be demonstrated that Vimang® influences in a significant way in the control of the symptoms and in the humoral improvement of the patients who present liver damage caused by dengue fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consolidation of the teaching, assisting, investigative and administrative work is an element of vital significance in the pedagogical professional training that impacts in the acting of students as future professional. With this work it is planned to analyze some epistemic considerations for the pedagogical professional training of the health technologists; for which they are considered the main concepts and the considerations for the work of the pedagogical skills and their importance in the health technologist; also, it is revealed that there is no logical systematizing offering the obtention of tools for the pedagogical professional training in the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 207 patients with the serotype 3 of the dengue virus and alarm signs, admitted in the Progressive Cares room of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from September to November, 2015, with the aim of determining the clinical and epidemiological features in them. A high percentage of the series was of female sex in early youth, contrary to what was observed in other epidemic outbreaks, the alarm signs emerged early, between the 2nd and 3rd days of the disease clinical course, with prevalence of the severe hypotension. Direct relationship didn't exist between thrombocytopenia and the hemorrhagic manifestations, and the hepatic damage prevailed as unusual manifestation. It was demonstrated that the strict surveillance and the opportune performance in the room contributed to decrease its severity in the patients and in mortality, in spite of the high virulence of this stump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue virus infection has noticeably increased in recent decades. Vaccines development constitutes an essential strategy in the disease control. The immune system, however, plays an essential role in the appearance of severe forms, reason which provides a great importance to understanding the disease immuno-pathogenesis; this review contributes to this purpose. It is explained how the virus enters host cells mediated by receptors related to the immune system. The presence of non-neutralizing heterologous antibodies amplifies the viral infection. During the immune response, inflammatory cytokines are produced, which, together with the action of heterologous antibodies, the complement system and the action of cell populations, induce endothelial damage and the characteristic coagulation disorders of this disease. Finally, based on the warning signs associated with severe forms, the WHO issued a new classification which guides towards an opportune diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in Cortés Department, Honduras, during the period of 2003 at 2013, aimed at determining the characteristics of dengue in this region, describing its history and developing a prognosis mathematical model based on bioclimatic variables. In the series, sex didn't constitute a predisposing factor, while the age groups 5-9 and 20-49 years, being inhabitant in Choloma, Villanueva and Puerto Cortés were important elements in the emergence of dengue. Also the severe forms of the disease in children and young persons indicated a low immunologic memory and/or several exposures to serotypes of the virus. A defined, seasonal recurrent-epidemic pattern was obtained (of 4 to 5 years), because it corresponded to the rainy period of the region. Finally, it was concluded that the climate conditions of Cortés are conditioning the transmission of dengue, so that the prognosis of the epidemic events can be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dengue fever is an infection caused by arboviruses worldwide. Neurological complications of dengue virus infection can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral edema, hyponatremia, cerebral anoxia, microcapillary hemorrhage and liver failure. We report the case of a patient who developed intracerebral hemorrhage with fatal outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetives. To analyze the involvement of methyl guanosine triphosphate cap (5'cap) and the start site of the genomic RNA of Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) American genotype in translation, using a cell-free system prepared from human placenta. Materials and methods. The recombinant plasmid pTZ18R-D2 was prepared containing DNA encoding the 5'UTR and the irst 201 nucleotides of the viral capsid. This plasmid was used to transcribe the corresponding RNA (RNA-D2) without the 5' cap. The RNA-D2 was translated in a system consisting of the postmitochondrial fraction (S-30) from human placenta and the incorporation of [14C] aminoacids in the presence of RNA-D2 and in its absence (control) was evaluated. Seven antisense oligonucleotides (OAs1-7) directed against sequences of the SLA, SLB and CHP structures of RNA-D2 were designed and the effect thereof on RNA-D2 translation was analyzed. Results.The RNA-D2 produced a signiicant increase (p<0.001) in the incorporation of [14C] amino acids, with 75% stimulation of translational activity compared to the control. Analysis of the translation products showed peak incorporation corresponding to peptides with apparent molecular weight close to the expected (7.746 kDa).The OAs5, complementary to a sequence of SLB structure of RNA-D2, completely inhibited translation. Conclusions. The RNA-D2 was translated speciically and eficiently under conditions similar to human intracellular conditions, by an alternative 5' cap-independent mechanism, which would involve the SLB structure. This mechanism might be seen as an aim in the development of antisense therapies to inhibit virus replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The infection occasioned by the dengue virus is considered today an epidemic emergency, this due on one hand to the increment of the geographical endemic areas and for another to the changes that have come in the pattern of presentation of the infection, which is more aggressive, since it's common the presence of hemorrhage and shock, this increase the risk of morbility and mortality of this infection. The objective of the present article is the revision of the main characteristic of the illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica Medicina, Salud y Sociedad is the property of Revista Electronica Medicina, Salud y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to identify the risk factors associated to the epidemic of dengue virus infections occurred at Queretaro, Mexico. Methods: a case-control study was carried out on 49 cases and 49 controls. The data Included: age, sex, residency, schooling, occupation, clinical data, sources Infected with Aedes aegypti, travelling, source of waters, and protection to water recipients. The protection to door and windows was investigated. χ²test and odds ratio were estimated. Results: the age group of 20-39 years was the most affected and women predominated. The Satellite area contributed with 38 cases (77.1 %). The absence of mosquito nettings on windows had an OR = 1.8, and ignorance of preventive activities had an OR = 2.8, while the use of insecticides (OR = 0.30) and mosquito repellents (OR = 0.54) were protective factors. Conclusions: the epidemic outbreak in Queretaro confirmed that Aedes aegypti has adapted to greater heights. This fact should alert to the sanitary authorities to face the possibility of an epidemic outbreak with great affectation among population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iatreia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We conducted a clinical description of confirmed dengue cases admitted to the Hospital " César Garayar García" in Iquitos from January 25 to february 5, 2011. According to current WHO classification, major warning signs leading to hospitalization were: abdominal pain (28/28) and persistent vomiting (15/28), the causes of severity were: hypotension (9 / 13), severe bleeding (6 / 13) and plasma extravasation with respiratory distress (4 / 13). The median patient age was 22 years, however, 8 / 13 patients classified as severe dengue were under 16 years. In conclusion, unlike previous epidemics, we found a high involvement of young people and severity in the clinical presentation predominating a high frequency of shock (hypotension) and vascular leakage, which could be related to the circulation of an emerging variant DENV-2 which is more virulent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetives. To establish the existence of concurrent infections by different dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in an outbreak in the Northwestern in Peru during 2008. Material and methods. 73 serum samples from patients with dengue were analyzed during an outbreak that occurred in Northwestern in Peru between May and June 2008. Molecular biology techniques were used to serotype the DENV, thus, firstly the viral RNA viral was extracted using Viral QIAamp RNA mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, California, USA), then the viral cDNA fragments were reverse transcripted and amplified by means of the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and the RT-Nested PCR region techniques and finally, genetic sequencing of the viral cDNA fragments were performed using the Big Dye Terminator v.3,1 kit. Results. The 73 dengue cases presented infections by different serotypes: 34 (46.6%) by DENV-3, 29 (39.7%) by DENV-1, 4 (5.5%) by DENV-4, and 6 (8.2%) concurrent infections by DENV-1 and DENV-3. The most frequent clinical manifestations observed among dengue patients were fever and headache (100%), myalgia (94.5%), ocular pain (83.6%), arthralgia (78.1%), shivers (63.0%), nausea/vomiting (38.4%), positive tourniquet test (30.1%), and rash (20.5%). All patients with concurrent infections presented light clinical course of dengue fever (Df) except one patient who had moderate hemorrhagic manifestations. Conclusion. This is the first Peruvian report of patients with concurrent infections of two DENV serotypes without severe clinical manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The isolation of dengue virus with the traditional methods delay up to one month, in emergency situations as a classic dengue outbreak in Comas, Lima between April and May in 2005, an early diagnosis is necessary. We process 117 serum samples of patients with clinical diagnosis of dengue in viremic phase proceeding of the outbreak zone, by shell vial method for the isolation of the dengue virus in c6/36 cellular line. The serotype was identifying means indirect immunofluorescense using monoclonals antibodies. The isolation of the dengue 3 virus was achieved to the fifth day of crop in 48,7%(57/117) of the serums. The results suggest that the method of shell vial, in the minor time of isolation that the traditional method, can be implemented as method of diagnosis and used in the epidemiological surveillance of the dengue virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve pools of Aedes aegypti were assessed using RT-PCR and Nested/Multiplex PCR to detect dengue virus and to determine which serotype is present. The detection level of this molecular technique was one dengue serotype detected in a pool of 20 mosquitoes. Two dengue serotypes were detected in two mosquitoes; this finding could be the explanation of the co-occurrence of more than one serotype in the same geographic area increasing the chance of occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Finally, there is a molecular system that can be used in Aedes aegypti vectorial surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dengue represents an important public health problem in Colombia. No treatment is available and the vaccine has not been approved in all countries, hence, actions should be strengthened to mitigate its impact through the control of Aedes aegypti, the vector mosquito. In Colombia, surveillance is done using entomological indexes and case notification, which is usually informed late, leading to untimely interventions. Viral detection in urban mosquitoes using molecular techniques provides more accurate entomological information for decision-making.. Objective: To report results of virological surveillance in Aedes specimens collected during routine entomological activities of the Secretaría de Salud de Medellín. Materials and methods: Specimens were collected during two periods in each of which we selected 18 dwellings around each one of the 250 larva traps arranged for mosquitoe surveillance, as well as 70 educational institutions and 30 health centers. Specimens were identified morphologically, and divided in pools for viral detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We calculated the minimum infection rate and the adult infestation index for each group. Results: We collected 1,507 adult mosquitoes, 10 of which were identified as A. albopictus. Out of the 407 pools, 132 (one of them Ae. albopictus) were positive, and 14.39% were A. aegypti males. The minimum infection rates for Ae. aegypti were 120.07 and 69,50 for the first and second periods, respectively, and the adult infestation index was higher in educational institutions (23.57%). Conclusions: Using RT-PCR we identified natural infectivity and vertical transmission of dengue virus in A. aegypti and A. albopictus. We suggest the use of molecular techniques in arbovirosis surveillance and control programs in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are recognized vectors of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika arboviruses in several countries worldwide. In Colombia, Ae. albopictus geographical distribution has increased to include highly populated cities such as Cali and Medellín. Although this species has been frequently found in urban and semi-urban zones in the country, its role as vector of the dengue fever is poorly known.. Objective: To identify the presence of Ae. albopictus specimens naturally infected with dengue virus collected in Medellín. Materials and methods: Insects were collected in the Universidad Nacional de Colombia campus in Medellín. Individuals were classified as Ae. albopictus and confirmed by DNA barcode region analysis. Mosquitoes were processed for dengue virus identification, and a fragment of the NS3 gen was sequenced and compared with DENV-2 genotypes reported in the literature. Results: Sequence analysis of COI indicated Ae. albopictus individuals were similar to those recently reported in Colombia, and genetically close to those from other regions worldwide. Among the pools tested one was positive for DENV-2, and the NS3 analysis indicated it belonged to the Asian-American clade. Conclusion: We report the presence Ae. albopictus naturally infected with the Asian-American genotype of DENV-2 in Colombia. The presence of Ae. albopictus specimens carrying the most common genotype infecting humans in a highly populated city such as Medellín indicates its potential role as dengue vector in Colombia and highlights the relevance of including it in current vector surveillance strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a high incidence and prevalence of dengue in the department of Cundinamarca, and recently Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue virus (DENV), was detected in some of its rural areas.. Objective: To evaluate viral transovarial transmission in larvae and pupae collected in rural areas of the municipality of Anapoima, Cundinamarca. Materials and methods: Live larvae and pupae were collected from 53 homes and later they were taken to the laboratory in Anapoima, where they were classified, pooled and frozen. In Bogotá, they were homogenized, RNA was extracted with Trizol™, and RT-PCR and conventional PCR were performed. The amplified products were analyzed on 2% agarose gels. Results: In 54.7% of the houses we found A. aegypti in immature stages, and DENV-1 was the most frequent serotype. However, the simultaneous presence of DENV 1 and 2, DENV 1 and 3, DENV 1 and 4, and DENV 1, 2 and 3 serotypes was detected in some pools. Conclusion: The results confirmed the natural vertical transmission of the virus in the rural area under study. These findings confirmed the vector capacity of A. aegypti, and partly explains the persistence of the virus in the region and the possibility of transmission by the vector during adulthood without having ingested infected blood. This situation increases the risk of DENV infection in Colombia and the need for prevention and control programs in all areas where the mosquito is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]