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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK polyoma virus (BKV) coinfection is a severe and uncommon complication, manifested as tubulointerstitial nephritis in kidney grafts. Viral reactivations (CMV/BKV) cause renal dysfunction and are mainly related to the intensity of immunosuppression. We present 2 cases of renal transplant patients with CMV/BKV coinfection documented in renal biopsy. The gold standard for diagnosis is the identification of specific BKV/CMV inclusions by immunohistochemistry on histopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Galicia Clínica is the property of Sociedad Gallega de Medicina Interna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Urologia is the property of Sociedad Chilena de Urologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The lumbar superior triangle [of GRYNFELT] is an anatomical landmark traditionally described as an area of weakness in the posterior wall and a herniogenic place for lumbar hernias. This work shows that the aforementioned triangle is an anatomical landmark that allows the location of the inferior pole of the left kidney. Its importance in the clinical and surgical practice becomes relevant when performing a renal biopsy by establishing an anatomical landmark that allows the location of the inferior pole of the left kidney in order to achieve an aetiological diagnosis and define a therapeutic conduct. Hypothesis: The superior lumbar triangle locates the inferior pole of the left kidney. Objective: To prove if the anatomical landmark locates the inferior pole of the left kidney Materials and method: An observational retrospective design was applied to 195 patients who underwent a renal biopsy using the lumbar puncture technique. These were performed at Hospital Central between 2013 and 2018 under the clinical suspicion of glomerulopathies. Registers were kept in medical history, biopsy spreadsheet and the biopsy notebook from the nephrology service. Results and conclusions: The anatomical landmark allowed the visualization of the renal pole in 97,5% of the cases through echography and a renal puncture effectiveness in 84,9% of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solitary pulmonary nodule is defined as a rounded opacity that can measure up to 3 cm and is surrounded by healthy lung parenchyma. Its prevalence ranges from 2-24% in the non-investigated population and most of these have a benign course, requiring a differential diagnosis with neoplasms, infections, congenital and vascular origins. The relationship between oncological pathologies and renal manifestations in the form of paraneoplastic syndromes has been widely described in the literature since its first reports almost 100 years ago. Among the paraneoplastic glomerulopathies, membranous nephropathy is the one most associated with the development of solid tumors among those most frequently described in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and prostate. It is suggested that its origin is based on the response generated by the products formed from tumor cells. The case of a patient with a diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule who develops nephrotic syndrome is presented, confirming the presence of membranous nephropathy by renal biopsy. Due to presenting a positive anti PLA2R and the cause not being found in complementary studies, surgical extraction of the solitary pulmonary nodule was performed with which the remission of the condition was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the response to induction treatment with two treatment regimens, one with Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and the other with Cyclophosphamide (CFM), and mortality in a series of cases with Lupus Nephritis (LN) in the Colombian Caribbean region. Method: An analytical study was carried out with 414 patients with a diagnosis of LN classes III, IV and V confirmed by biopsy and treated between the years 2008-2020. The decrease in Serum Creatinine (CrSr) and Proteinuria in 24 hrs (Prot24hrs), in response to remission induction treatment (partial or complete), as well as mortality and its causes in the two treatment schedules were evaluated. Results: 414 patients were evaluated, of which 87% were women. The mean age was 37 ± 13 years. 324 were treated with MMF and 90 CFM. The predominant histological class was class IV (668.2%). Prot24hrs showed a decrease in both regimens, Class IV treated with MMF showed a significant decrease (p=0.0019). The CFM treatment significantly decreased the CrSr (p=0.0025), especially in Classes III (p: 0.0038) and IV (p: 0.0012); MMF did not decrease significantly for this parameter except for Class V (0.0046). There were no significant differences in response (partial or complete remission) between regimens, nor in mortality or its causes (p=0.4215). Conclusions: Both schemes can be used for induction in patients with LN, they have similar effectiveness and safety profiles. The high mortality from infectious causes indicates the need for greater control over patients and in education for the prevention of this cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A retrospective study was made to characterize the glomerulonephritis diagnosed by percutaneous biopsy made in the Nephrology Service of the University Hospital Complex Ruiz y Paez, of Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, between June 2012 and June 2017. One hundred and forty seven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (88.55%). A greater number of cases of glomerulonephritis was found in the group 11-20 years old (35; 23.81%) and among females (92; 62.59%), without significant statistical differences for age or sex. The steroidresistant nephrotic syndrome was the main indication of renal biopsy (77; 52.38%). An estimate of 84.35% of the patients (n = 124) did not present/display comorbidities and in 65.31% (n = 96) there was a clinicalhistológical correlation. The primary glomerulonephritis was more frequent than the secondary one (92; 62.59%). The primary one was observed predominantly in patients younger than 40 years old and among females; and the secondary one was identified most frequently in patients between 11 and 40 years old of female sex. It is concluded that a high frequency of glomerulonephritis exists in the location evaluated, affecting mostkly to feminine patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Urologia is the property of Sociedad Chilena de Urologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A clinical case is presented of a six-year old male with recurrent episodes of macroscopic hematuria, mostly associated to upper respiratory tract infections. Secondary involvement is discarded and handled with clinically suspected primary IgA Nephropathy, low risk to progression to end-stage renal disease. Even though it is relatively frequent disease, is rarely diagnosed by the first contact physician. In this report, it is informed about the advances in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of this entity, the clinical and histopathological aspects of the pediatric patient with renal disease, the dilemma on the diagnostic approach to invasive renal biopsy in a life-long disease that begins in a short age, the prognosis and treatment of the patient with hematuria of glomerular origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Chronic kidney disease is defined as a decrease in renal function, expressed by a GFR <60 mL/ min/1.73m² SC, shown directly by histological changes on renal biopsy or indirectly by markers of kidney damage. Objective: To determine the importance of prevention and diagnosis of early chronic kidney disease to improve quality of care for patients with chronic degenerative diseases in primary care. Material and methods: We studied a sample of n = 64 to which they made a series of studies necessary to evaluate overall condition as well as identification and classification of glomerular filtration. Results: Of the total sample 43.75% of the sample were counted only patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, was 30.06% of hypertensive patients, only the 3.12% resulted in significant proteinuria, Once we calculated the rate glomerular filtration rate was determined that 45% of the sample are within the stage 2 according to the classification given by the K/DOQUI and that 31% stage 1 having only 2% of total in terminal stages of the disease. Conclusion: We must not forget the importance of this disease because this disease process is a major cause of death and severe disability especially in our patients, taking into account the role played by the primary care treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Patología is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: The majority of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome respond to steroid therapy; however, approximately 1 5% of cases are steroid resistant, and this is a clinical challenge. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response to Mophetyl Mycophenolate (MMF) in children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). M ETHODS: We recruited 42 children with SRNS, ages 3.2 +1- 4.4 years. All patients received at least one course of 8- 1 2 weeks of prednisone with no response; renal biopsy was performed in 37/42 cases. Dose of MMF was 600 mgslm21 day for 6- 1 8 months and prednisone was reduced stepwise. Patients were evaluated clinically periodically, and proteinuria, serum creatinine, semm proteins, cholesterol and triglycerides were checked every 1 -3 months. RESULTS: 27(64%) patients had complete remission, 9(22%) partial remission and 6( 1 4%) no response. Mean follow up was 9.2 +1- 4.8 months. Of the responders 85% had either minimal change disease or mesangial nephritis (MGN) (22 cases); all but one of the partially responders bad MGN and those with no response corresponded to 4 cases with focal and segmental glomemlosclerosis (FGS), ! membranous nephropathy and I MON. Evaluation of26 patients who completed 1 8 months treatment showed, after an additional 4. 2 months period of follow up, that 1 8(69%) maintained their remission and 8 relapsed (3 1 %). CONCLUSIONS: Tllis report shows that M M F is a good therapeutic alternative for SRNS, achieving either a complete or partial remission in the majority of cases (86%) and stabilization of the remission in almost 70% of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a rare entity; early diagnosis is important for adequate and prompt treatment. The objective of this paper is to report the casuistic of RPGN in the Department of Nephrology of the Hospital de Ninos "Jorge Lizarraga" between January 2004 and January 2009. Method: Retrospective and descriptive study collecting data of the medical records of 8 patients, ages 3-13 years. Results: Six patients were females and the average for age was 11±3.5 years. The majority presented a previous infection (skin in 6 and pharynx in 1). Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were: edema, hypertension, hematuria, progressive azotemic retention, proteinuria and hypocomplementemia. Renal biopsy was performed in all patients with the following results: endo and extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis in 6 cases and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 2. Therapeutic measures were aimed to the treatment of infection acute renal failure. Methylprednisolone boluses were indicated in all patients, 6 patients were submitted to peritoneal dialysis. Six patients survived (2 with normal renal function and 4 with progression to chronic kidney disease), and 2 died. Conclusions: RPGN is a condition that occurs sporadically; its evolution depends of the severity of renal involvement, the extension of histological lesions and the precocity with which pharmacological and dialytic treatment are installed. Most patients survive but a significant number progress to chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Evaluation and analysis of the results of renal biopsy are important for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic matters. Objective: to evaluate a series of renal biopsies performed during the period 1978-2007 in the Hospital de Ni.os de Valencia, Venezuela. All patients had history of either primary or secondary nephropathies. Methods: 421 biopsies were done in 377 patients, ages 2 months-20 years; 57% boys. 26 patients were re-biopsed. Percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) was performed in all the patients, except in one who underwent open biopsy because of a solitary kidney. Renal tissue was processed for optical, inmunofluorescence and electronic microscopy in 98% of cases. The biopsy technique, clinical syndromes at presentation, hystopathological pattern, effectiveness and complications are described. Results: Adequate sample was obtained in 392 cases (93%) (more than 10 glomeruli) and inadequate or failed biopsy in 29 (7%). Clinical syndromes at presentation were: nephrotic syndrome: 199 cases (50%), atypical acute nephritic syndrome: 53 (13%), others: hematuria and proteinuria, isolated proteinuria, kidney transplant biopsy or systemic diseases: 143 (37%). The hystopathological pattern obtained was as follows: A.- Primary glomerulonephritis (PG): 302 cases, 77%, B.- Secondary nephropathies: 68 cases, 17% , C.- Kidney transplant biopsies: 28 cases, 5 %. Primary Glomerulonephritis diagnosis: minimal change disease: 140 cases, 46%, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: 79 (26%), diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis / mesangial: 67 (22%), membranous glomerulonephritis: 16 (5%). Secondary nephropathies: lupus nephritis: 20 cases (32.25%), IgA Nephropathy: 22 cases (35.50%), others: 20 cases (32.25%). Transplant biopsies: rejection 50%, acute tubular necrosis 25%, chronic rejection 20%, and recurrent disease 5%. Complications: transient hematuria: 21 (5%), perirenal hematoma: 3 (<1%), gut perforation (<0.2%), bleeding which required blood transfusion: 2 (<0.5%) and nephrectomy because of incontrollable bleeding 1 (0.2%). Conclusions: this series of renal biopsies is one of the first reported in Latin-America and one of the largest in the world. According to our results, renal biopsy is a reliable and safe procedure in pediatric nephrology. Our casuistic shows that it is useful for the diagnosis, prognosis and follow up of patients with various nephropathies, excellent effectiveness and low number of complications, with no mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the basic knowledge that mothers have about the practice of breast-feeding and to relate this knowledge to the beginning, the duration and forms of implementation of breast-feeding. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was made, by means of the application of a survey to 502 mothers who attended the outpatient clinic of public and private hospital centers of Caracas and Maracaibo during July to December 2007. Results: 90.64% (n: 455) of the mothers nursed their children; most of these mothers had an average of 2 or less children and came from urban areas. The group of age that prevailed was the one between 26 and 35 years. 55.12% (n: 113) of the children received maternal milk by a period of 6 months or more. Only 5.93% (n: 27) initiated breast-feeding before the first hour post-childbirth. 81.4% (n: 409) of the mothers knew the advantages of breast-feeding, although, most of them only knew the benefits for the baby. Only 55.18% (n: 277) of the mothers had information about some conservation form of maternal milk once extracted. Conclusions: The percentage of mothers who practice breast-feeding is high, and this is related directly to the age of the mothers, origin and parity. Nevertheless, the duration of breast-feeding is not as expected, neither the way to practice it; this is explained by the lack of information of fundamental issues about natural feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To study the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and its response to the treatment. Material and methods. 58 patients treated in the hospital in five years were study. Results. 31 patients were male (53%), the gender ratio was 1: 1 and the age from 1 and 14 years. The higher frequency (38%) was observed in the group of 2-6 years. All showed edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and massive proteinuria. 25 children (43%) had hematuria, and its permanence was related to resistance to the treatment. Initially, 19 patients (33%) had hypertension. Thirty six (63%) maintained normal values of urea and creatinine and in 28 of them (48%), the C3 fraction also was normal. Nine patients (16%), renal biopsy was made to them, being observed minimal injuries, such as more frequent histopathological finding. The majority (61%) hod good response to steroids. Conclusions. The NS is the disease with the higher morbidity among the renal diseases in children in our hospital and it is the fourth reason for consultation. In children it usually has good prognosis, but in some cases with resistant to steroids, it is necessary to assess renal function periodically and to do renal biopsy at the same time, following various therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the case of a 27-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome in whom the kidney biopsy showed focal and segmental glomerular foamy cells. The finding was difficult to interpret and was defined two years later when a new kidney biopsy revealed the classical features of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSG). Although foamy cells may present in FSG the finding consistently associates with clearcut classical glomerular lesions and has not been reported as the presenting feature. The finding might represent the earliest recognizable lesion of this condition in accordance to the proposed pathogenesis for FSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]