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The classification of private archives determines a planned process required to be done in accordance with the archiving method and techniques according to the type and contents of the documents they hold. Determination of the archival value of the document or material that adds the quality of being private to an archive sets the fundamental aim of the materials or documents within the private archive should be determined. However they have been acquired, for the later similar processes in the classification of such archives to be understood the terminology, applied method and techniques should be clearly explained and recorded. Especially the person archives are examples where more delicate work should be done in this regard. In these samples, where generally document based work is needed, person, person's family, kith and kin, work life, socio-economic status and similar properties can be surfaced via documents and materials. Via terminology and applied methods used accurately, these private archives can be presented to the interest of the public as archives with local, national and international value. The person archive of which the classification and regulation procedures are tried to be explained in the stud, was taken for supervision in 2016 and classification works have continued until November 2018. The archive classified according to 11 main records / material type(s), consists of documents/materials produced and taken in between 1899-1990. Each main type is organized according to the proper techniques to reveal the access and relations within itself. In the classification and arrangement work, the document type, method, equipment and legal terminology are defined based on literature considering the understanding of the process and that it can be example for the similar later works. In this regard, the basic aim of the work is determined as the explanation of the terminology and archiving methods needed to be used in classification and arrangement process of a private archive with examples. classification. For the fulfillment of this aim the types, production goals, relations of the [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the fiscal capacity of the Ottoman Empire. In the paper the fiscal capacity is defined in terms of the delay in the transfer of tax revenues to the central treasury. Delays in tax collection are analyzed as a function of distance to the center, tax types, and the volume of tax revenues. Econometric analysis based on data from the records of daily transactions of the central treasury (ruznamçe defterleri) of the late 16th century shows that the increased distance from the center is associated with a higher delay in tax collection. Moreover, the impact of the distance varies by tax types. It is also observed that compared to avarız taxes, revenues from jizya, ağnam, and mukataa enter into the treasury in a greater delay. Finally, results show that revenues with higher volumes are transferred to the treasury fa ster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labor relations has been an important subject of debate since the emerge of the capitalist mode of production. Various disciplines examined this subject under the context of their respective fields. In this paper, the relationship between companies and white-collar workers, which is a form of labor relation in context of voluntary servitude. The term "voluntary servitude" refers to absolute submission of people to their masters within the absolute monarchy in exchange of certain benefits. The concept is created by the French thinker Étienne de La Boétie and it arose during the era of absolute monarchies. However, voluntary servitude is no longer a concept that should be examined just in the context of the state, rather, it should also be discussed with regards to companies and employees. This paper aims to contribute to this discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about foreign fighters becoming actors in the Syrian civil war. It consists of three sections. Firstly, the concept of foreign fighters will be analyzed by referring to various usage of the term in the literature in order to avoid reductionism. It is hard to come across a consensus on the term of foreign fighters even though some scholars contribute to the process of conceptualization by emphasizing different aspects. The deterministic features of the term and obstacles towards agreed definition will be discussed in this section. Secondly, it will be examined how foreign fighters affect security and stability in the region. Finally, possible causes and measurements that can be observed in the countries where foreign fighters have nationality will be elaborated. As understood from the literature, the phenomenon of foreign fighter causes problems not only in the region where they fight. Indeed, they can shape social structures of origin countries and their diplomatic relations. In this paper, it is argued that recruiting, activities, surveillance, return and rehabilitation of foreign fighters bring forth new debates in terms of security, stability and international law. Also, it is believed that these issues can be overcome by collaborations at the global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel fuzzy mixed-integer programming model to the blood supply chain network design problem. The proposed location-allocation model optimizes the system by evaluating the fixed units in the blood supply chains and mobile units together. The most important source of uncertainty in blood supply chains is the amount of supply and demand. In order to overcome this uncertainty, the model is defined as a fuzzy model by using Verdegay Approach. As a real-life application, the supply chain of the Red Crescent covering a part of Eastern Anatolia and a part of South-Eastern Anatolia regions is examined. With the parametric solutions obtained from fuzzy model, useful recommendations and evaluations are made to the decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine relationship between financial development, economic growth and trade openness in Turkey for the period 2004-2017. The variables were determined Credit/GDP, M2/GDP as financial development level indicators, the variables were determined Export/GDP, Import/GDP as trade openness level indicators for the econometric application of the paper. Gregory-Hansen Cointegration test results indicate that there is not a long-run relationship between financial development and trade openness levels and economic growth. Another econometric method applied in the paper is based on Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test results, it was determined that there is a causality relationship from Import/GDP variables to economic growth variable which is an trade openness indicators. When the findings are evaluated in general, it is revealed that there is a relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Turkey for the period 2004-2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The veterinary anatomy education is taught as two phased, which are theoretical and practical education in Turkey. While in theoretical class a didactical instruction is presented, in practical class the learning process is consolidated by using mockup, model and cadaver. Nevertheless at the present time the mockups which are provided by commercially are prepared insufficiently as class materials. Therefore with this study, it was determined to create ruminant forelimb bone-joint-musclenerve models which are supported academically. For bone modelling 80 pieces of rectangular parallelepiped were prepared by using approximately 100 kg of clay, then by using carbon paper schemas were drawn on them. For polyester moulding bone modelling, by taking silicon pattern from the prepared model and reproducing with polyester moulding the mockups were made. The polyester models which were prepared for joint modeling were put together with steel construction as (to be) movable. During the process of muscle-modeling, colorful eva paper is used. For the nerve-modeling, forelimb nerves were placed on the main model which had been made before. Thus new alternative models were created for the purpose of education of veterinary anatomy. We are of the opinion that outcomes obtained from the study will give a different point of view in training process in veterinary faculties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil has an important place as the commodity where the fluctuation in price is mostly followed. In addition to its effect on the real economy in terms of supply and demand, its impact on the financial markets has been a subject that has been frequently studied. In this paper, the asymmetric volatility spillover effect of oil prices on the Turkish service sectors’ stock prices is investigated. For this purpose, a bivariate VAR-EGARCH model is employed for the daily return data. Results indicate that there is asymmetric volatility spillover from oil returns to all service sub-sectors except for the construction sector. These results confirm that the negative oil price shocks affect the service sector more than positive shocks. According to the results, the sector with the greatest asymmetric effect is the tourism sector, while the sector with the smallest was the service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic activities in the transport sector are one of the main reasons for the increase in carbon emissions. In recent years, it can be clearly stated that there has been a noticeable increase in service demand in the transportation sector depending on globalization and integration activities that have reached significant levels among the countries. In this respect, this paper investigates the relationship between the total output level of the transportation sector and the carbon emission sourced from the same sector for selected OECD countries spanning the period 1995-2016 within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator findings for the panel group show that there exists an inverted-U shaped relationship between the total output level in the transport sector and environmental pollution in selected OECD countries. The Country-specific results vary by country to another. Besides, the analysis reveals that the negative impact of total output on environmental pollution in these countries would be approximatively 36.033 billion dollars. It is seen that USA, Japan, France and Germany have reached this threshold income level. According to the results of Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) causality test, it is estimated that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between the carbon emission in the transportation sector and the total amount of output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies trust in the health system via survey data collected for a sample of 231 cardiology patients residing in three public hospitals in the Mersin province, Turkey. The paper uses a diversity of statistical methods for inference and testing. These include factor analysis, clustering techniques, and Markov transition probability matrices. Four central results of the paper are the following: First, demographic and socioeconomic factors, i.e., age, sex, marital status, education, and economic status, are not related with trust in the health system. Second, patients exhibiting higher levels of general interpersonal trust and higher levels of satisfaction from healthcare services have higher levels of trust in the health system. Third, interpersonal trust in nurses and physicians is strongly and positively related with impersonal trust in hospitals and the Ministry of Health. Finally, trust and distrust in the health system exhibit remarkable persistence from past to present in both interpersonally and impersonally. These results contribute to our understanding of trust building and erosion in the health system in the context of a developing country that has experienced a systemic transformation in the recent decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researches and ideas on society are seen to be increasing and become widespread in the periods that social depression and distress escalate. Sometimes, when it is difficult to solve this depressions and distresses, people who want to solve this problems start to create some kind of utopias and dreams. In this manner, in the very fist days of our Republic, Ismail Hakki Baltacioglu who is among our distinguished thinkers and educators, too put forward a new understanding of education by writing a book named as 'Schools in my Dream'. In this paper we tried to determine whether or not the problems which were important in the lifetime of Baltacioglu have still been continuing as well. As a result of the evaluation, we observed that some of the problems Baltacioglu mentioned in that period are continuing today. Therefore we specified that this problems must be overcome by taking some sort of precautions. Furthermore, in this paper we emphasized that ideas which are realizable and utopian must be distinguished. On the other hand, in this paper we also tried to describe the new understanding of school which Baltacioglu put forward. For him, school does not consist of solely four walls. He described school as a place which is physically modern, having open air classrooms instead of a closed area, rather than seeing beating as a means of education having a structure without beating, evaluating in accordance with the product, application and creativity instead of using the method which adheres only to the written and oral examinations in evaluation, having a system in which students deal with real tasks and get real outputs instead of having a system which tries to prepare students to real life just through artificial tasks, accepting universality in science and nationality on culture instead of having the attitudes which say that we must adopt whatever comes from the West or we must ignore whatever comes from the West. This work was written for the purpose of finding solutions to the problems and depressions of the day and it seems partially applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, a constantly increasing and intense competitive environment has forced businesses to use total quality management more effectively in order to meet constantly changing customer needs. To realize the quality at low cost has been the main purpose of the enterprises in order to obtain advantages against the competitors in the competitive environment. In addition, companies have been able to implement continuous improvement efforts in their management in order to adapt to changing technological conditions and global economic practices. Kaizen applications that have been used in all management activities, from increasing productivity, decreasing at costs, shortening of business processes and from production to marketing have ensured businesses find a place in the competitive market, which is becoming more and more difficult. In this paper, the effects of Kaızen philosophy and total quality management approach and practices on productivity in businesses are theoretically discussed with the support of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of foreign portfolio investments on economic growth in Turkish economy. For this purpose, using data from the period of 1986-2019, the effects of net foreign portfolio and fixed capital investments and net exports on economic growth are analyzed econometrically by employing unit root and multiple breakpoint tests, multivariate cointegration analysis and vector error correction model. According to the results, economic growth is positively affected by net foreign portfolio and fixed capital investments and net exports in the short run and in the long run. However, the estimation results show that the positive effect of foreign portfolio investments on economic growth is much lower low compared to other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial development enables individuals to have better access to financial resources. As the access to financial resources increases, income levels also increase. Equal distribution of the increase in income among individuals is an important research topic. Income inequality is generally measured by the Gini coefficient. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between financial development, inflation, urbanization, per capita gross fixed capital formation and Gini coefficient for Turkey, using Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration test, canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) and fully modified least square (FMOLS) estimators from 1987 to 2016. The results of the Bayer-Hanck test reveal that these variables are cointegrated. The long-term coefficients obtained from the CCR and FMOLS estimators demonstrate that inflation and gross fixed capital formation increases income inequality, whereas urbanization decreases the inequality in the long-term. Furthermore, the positive coefficient of financial development and the negative coefficient of the square of financial development confirm that the financial Kuznets curve hypothesis is valid for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of exchange rates on debtand equity-based foreign capital inflows in Turkey. For this purpose, long run coefficient values were estimated with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method using the monthly data of 1991:12-2019:10 period. According to the model estimation results, variables move together in the long run. However, the effect of exchange rate on debt-based foreign capital inflows is positive and the effect on equity-based foreign capital inflows is negative. These findings point out that in Turkey external debt burden is high, and the firms are orientation intensively outsourcing use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates the presence of underpricing and the timevariability of the level of underpricing over a broad sample comprising of 320 companies which have gone through initial public offerings (IPOs) in the Turkish stock market. Various methods employed in estimating the abnormal returns attest the validity of underpricing. Through our analysis it is determined that statistically significant abnormal returns, 10.2% with respect to IPO price on average, during the first three days after IPO is initialized are attainable. Yet, within the subsequent days these abnormal returns turn out to be negative, an example to this end is the observed -2.72% cumulative abnormal return in the five to fifteen days’ period, which is also found to be statistically significant. Moreover, we also report the decrease in the level of underpricing through time, i.e. while the first day abnormal return is 8.8% for the 125 companies which have gone public in 1999-2000, corresponding rate falls to 5.9% for IPOs during 2002-2015. Taking this decrease in underpricing level, which is also determined to be statistically significant, into consideration, we conclude that the developments in financial markets and IPO processes negatively effects IPO underpricing, but currently underpricing keeps its presence in Borsa Istanbul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to examine the effects of the characteristics of organizational culture on employees' perception of mobbing. Research data are obtained from nurses receiving education at Ataturk University Distance Education Application and Research Center Nursing Undergraduate Completion on the internet. The effects of the organizational culture on mobbing are firstly theoretically examined. The hypotheses, developed accordingly, are analysed with appropriate statistical methods. This paper concludes that organizational cultural characteristics affect mobbing and among those characteristics power distance and individualism/collectivism are more effective than masculinity/femininity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the failure of South Stream, the TurkStream project backed by Russia and Turkey aims at doubling natural gas supplies to Europe via the southern route. While the U.S. has repeatedly warned against Kremlin endeavours to increase EU energy dependence on Russian gas, several EU Member States see TurkStream favourable to their domestic energy agenda. This paper will, therefore, analyze the TurkStream project within the context of securitazation theory of International Relations literature, as seen by the U.S., Russia and the EU in order to identify the project's prospects for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the relationship between indirect taxes and consumer prices are tested with quarterly data of the period 2006Q1-2015Q2 for Turkey. Series are primarily seasonally adjusted and tested for stationarity. After finding that series are first-order stationary, the relationship between them are tested by employing Johansen Cointegration Test and Error Correction Model. According to findings of the paper, while the changes in indirect taxes have no effect on consumer prices in short term, it is observed that they affect consumer prices in a positive way in the long term. It is also tested that if the direction of the changes in indirect taxes differ in terms of the effects on the consumer prices. Our findings do give support to the asymmetry hypothesis which suggests different effects for opposite changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An absurdist play entitled Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) has had received many interpretations and criticism covering a wide range of issues since its first premiere in 1953 in the Théâtre de Babylone, Paris. The play offers varying approaches for appreciating the significance of historical context in interpretation as well as the relevance of linguistic and unconscious components of the text. For instance, the play is interpreted in term of politics, religion, psychoanalytic, homoerotic and philosophical approaches among many others. However, the play is not examined in relation to the functions of 'anacoluthon', a linguistic term which can generally be defined as an unexpected discontinuity or disjointedness in the expression of ideas within a sentence by giving rise to a form of words in which there is logical incoherence of thought. Accordingly, in this paper firstly the demarcations between 'language' and 'culture' are exposed briefly as both of the conceptions are heavily dealt with the term 'anacoluthon'. Secondly, anacoluthon is elucidated in terms of its use and function with reference to its historical context. However, the main purpose of this paper is to unveil the functions of anacoluthon by making a classification and also to expose intra-textual functions of anacoluthon by exemplifying the discourses in order to shed light into the psychological situations of the characters and figurative meaning of the play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of climate change on environment and economy have become one of the most debated issues academically and institutionally. In this respect, it is expected that transition to green economy will reverse or mitigate the negative effects of climate change on environment and general economy. In particularly, ILO and UNEP highlight that green jobs which will be created by green economy should also contain decent job concept. However, creation decent job in green sectors doesn't occur automatically and it needs unionisation and public intervention. In this line, aim of the work explores potentials for creation decent jobs fitting ILO's and UNEP's concepts and increasing the quality of green jobs which will be needed in transition process to green economy. In the study, it is analysed data from British Labour Force Survey and secondary data from the international institutions by using descriptive analysis and Chi square test method. Fundamentally, the paper argues that green sectors offer good opportunities for creation of better jobs and the paper brings in some evidence from British Labour Force Survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will focus on Schiller's understanding of play as a means of art. Schiller is known as a poet, philosopher, historian, and especially a dramatist. The drama as an expression of art was first introduced by Schiller in broader perspective. It has been accepted that there is a close link between play and art. The main reason for this is that they embody the same goal. Both make individuals get rid of the daily tensions and give happiness in simple terms. A child who is playing games does it just for the sake of getting pleasure, not something else for. Thus, it is better to regard art work as playing games. According to Schiller, human beings are feeling best as long as they make playing part of their life. He believed "Art is the only mean by which human beings can only be happy" there are also others who believe that art is not merely made-up like drama, but it also has mental and emotional complications. For those, art is not a simple drama, but it has creative and productive aspects. Schiller, as a playwright, poet, and philosopher, appreciated the beauty, and he created an original area of study as the education of aesthetics. He contributed by putting forward the importance of aesthetics and raised philosophical and socio-political concerns. In this regard, he made contribution to appreciation of beauty by study of impulse types (sense, structure, drama), aesthetics perception, relationship of aesthetics and freedom. Schiller suggests that there are two main impulses that human beings have. The first one is sensory impulse, and the second one is formal one. While the sensory impulse urges human beings to realize change, the formal impulse searches for unity, continuity, and stability. These two impulses need to be limited. For example, sensory impulses may cause problems in terms of ethical backgrounds. On the other hand, formal impulses may lead to emotional breakdown. It possible that this could be named as "animal within human body" In short, the accord between these two impulses may be reached by a third impulse namely the playing impulse. The playing impulse may be achieved by art. It is accepted that art is the remedy for alienation of human beings. According to Schiller, "art is the daughter of freedom." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate the effects of perceived value and switching cost on relationship commitment in accounting software industry. After an extensive review of the literature, a causal modelling approach is used proposing a conceptual model. A large quantitative survey was conducted with 1502 professional accountants working both in different service sectors and independent accounting bureaus in Turkey, who were accounting software program users. The sample population covers accounting managers, assistant accounting managers and certified public accountants from service industry and accountnig bureaus. The model is tested using structural equation modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is aimed to explain the direction and extend of the relationship between perceived overqualification and job satisfaction and the role of optimism on this relationship. The research was carried out on a sample of 124 officers who are before-time retired or resigned from their job in Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) or Gendarmerie General Command. The data used in the research were gathered by the questionnaire technique applied in the electronic environment by using the snowball sampling method. According to the results, perceived no-grow dimension of perceived overqualification has negative impact on both intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors dimensions of job satisfaction. Then, it is found that optimism has a partial mediating effect on the relationship perceived no grow dimension and intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of job satisfaction. However, it is found that perceived mismatch dimension of perceived overqualification has not any effect on dimensions of job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the views of geography teachers on branch teachers' committee meetings. This study utilized a qualitative method, phenomenological design. This study utilized a qualitative method, phenomenological design. The sample of research is composed of 12 teachers working in secondary education institutions in Karabük province. The data of the study were collected with a semi-structured interview form, developed by Kılcan, Çepni and Kılınç (2018). The data obtained from the participants after the application was analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the research, teachers' opinions on geography class meetings, collected under four main themes, "Planned in the Class Meeting", "Decision Making Methods in Class Meetings", "Contributions of Class Meetings to Field Education" and "The Effectiveness of Class Meetings". As a result of the study, geography teachers stated that they plan to increase student success at the class meetings, annual plans, assignments, cooperation with other teachers, measurement and evaluation. Geography teachers expressed their decision by exchanging more opinions during these meetings. Geography teachers argued that it is useful for education in the content of class meetings, however, a group of teachers stated that these meetings were kept on paper, that it did not go to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, as in the private sector in local governments, information technology (IT) has changed management approach. Many researchers argue that the use of IT in local governments causes structural changes in the organization, but it is not at the same level for each institution. The adaptation of the use of IT in local governments has been examined under two headings as e-service for citizens and intranet adaptation for institution employees. Within the scope of the study, a survey was conducted with expert managers working in 2 different metropolitan municipalities. In this context, the effects of machine bureaucracy, organizational routine, staffing restrictions and risk-taking culture factors on e-services and intranet adaptation are examined in this paper. As a result, findings obtained without study were discussed and contributed to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is a descriptive content analysis, aims to determine the overall profile thesis and articles, which entreated perceptions and behaviors about shopping centers in Turkey. As a result of the document review adopted as the data collection technique; between 1993 and 2016, 20 master's thesis, 13 doctoral dissertations, and 20 papers were accessed. Thesis and articles were analyzed in terms of the year, university, sample, independent and dependent variables. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 program and presented graphically in a descriptive format. Demographic factors, attractiveness factors, motivations and attitudes towards shopping centers were found to be the most important factors in national studies. Findings, in this context, have been discussed in detail. As a result of the research, a model proposal was made to use in future studies. Finally, the constraints of working are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to examine teacher opinions on various dimensions of social studies curriculum applied in elementary schools in Turkey between the years 2005-2016. The sample of the research was conducted by the thematic content analysis method consists of 6 articles and 1 paper which were done by qualitative research methods and contains teacher opinions on social studies program. In the study, the opinions of teachers were analyzed about the general of program, the evaluation dimension, the textbooks, the activities, the students' learning process and the achievements dimension. In addition, the suggestions based on teachers' opinions in the studies were also analyzed. The suggestions about this program were listed. It was seen that the most mentioned opinion was lack of time in practice and the most prominent suggestion was need for increase in-service training for teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes new local dialects compilations that have not been evaluted in our previous published study entitled "Agri province dialects". Agri province dialects, which haven't been investigated comprehensively except a few graduation papers until now, have an extensive tongue and culture stratification as in other Anatolian dialects and it also preserves many local words and archaic language. It is a well known fact that the solution of many unexplained problems in the Turkish grammer studies is hidden in today's Turkish dialects, historical dialects and local dialects. Taking this into consideration, we present nine different dialect texts that have been collected from various regions of Agri and we have not had the opportunity to publish elsewhere until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance is associated with top hierarchical staffs' power relationship and balance. "Governance", "corporate sovereignty", "corporate management" and "managing to top managers in enterprise" terminology are being used in literature. Other way, it capital on time for sustainable value maximization and for attending to their activity. In this paper, questionnaire has been made on Corum enterprises. According to aim of this paper, we asked for corporate governance of enterprises, awareness of working capital in enterprises and is meddling with "institutionalization". It is meaning to interaction to each side of workers and managers. The enterprises that have corporate governance must do to their working about working try to making a relations between corporate governance and working capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important criteria when choosing the countries that tourists travel or travel to is the cultural values they have. Culinary culture emerges as an important element of cultural attraction within these values. Culinary culture's richness of Turkish cuisine has also provided significant competitive advantage to Turkey. The aim of this paper is to examine the motivation of the tourists who visited Turkey for the consumption of local food. For this purpose, the survey was applied to 181 German and 280 Russian tourists who visited Antalya that is the most important tourist destination of Turkey. As a result of the research, it was determined that the motivations for tourists to consume local food were collected under five factors (cultural experience, interpersonal relation, health concern, excitement and sensory appeal). The research also found that the main theme given to local food consumption motivations varies according to the socio-demographic characteristics of tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis, if the productivity of the traded goods in a country increases compared to the productivity of the non-traded goods and such an increase occurs at a higher level than the other countries, the price of non-traded goods in this country will be higher than that in the other countries. Therefore, the relative price of nontraded goods will increase between these countries. This increase in relative prices will also increase the real exchange rate. In the other words, currency of the country in question will appreciate. This paper uses the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis and aims to determine the nexus between real exchange rate and productivity, using the data from 1990-2015 for 10 countries with high middle income. Towards this and, panel ARDL estimator has been used to obtain coefficients describing the long-term and short-term relation. The findings indicate that there is indeed a positive nexus between the real exchange rate appreciation and the productivity, in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial distress which is expressed as a condition where a company cannot meet or has difficulty paying off its financial obligations to its creditors. Since it is one of the basic problem of many business, the determination of the financial distress situation and taking necessary actions as soon as possible are vital for companies to survive. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is identification of the ratios which are indicators of financial distress of companies traded in the Istanbul Stock Exchange on a sectoral basis. Structural differences within sectors make it necessary to distinct sectors. Therefore, the artificial neural network application was done according to Public Disclosure Platform's sectoral distinction. The data set is comprimised by financial ratios of the currently traded companies and delisted companies in the Borsa Istanbul. The financial ratios derived from those succesful and failed companies which were separeted into 5 sub-sectors in manufacturing sector were analyzed using the method of Artificial Neural Networks. According to analysis results the most effective 10 financial ratios are sorted with respect to their decisiveness for each sub-sectors. Since different financial ratios are determined as financial distress indicators for different sub-sectors, every list of the financial distress indicators are interpreted by using sub-sectoral features, reports and conducted researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the accounting on social development within the scope of Turkey's accounting information needs. The study while sharing the contribution of accounting on the social development in the light of historical process with in the case studies and also discussing the Turkey's accounting information needs on the subjects of informality, tax loss and evasion, ensuring justice in income distribution, and transparency in the context of mosque aid in Turkey. Besides literary based compilation, the method of this paper is to seek solutions to Turkey's socio-economic issues, on the concepts of balance-control, equity and justice with in the rich-content of reckoning and recording culture. The solution of all the socio-economic problems in which the human factor is can be achieved by a full-scale setting of account. The setting of account is done by accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the olden times while nearly all of the total lifetime income generated by a movie was realized upon completion of theatrical view, thanks to developing technology and emergence of new distribution channels, income generation process and duration of income generation period has prolonged. Diversification of income sources and their spreading over time is a problematic issue for accounting science since it is a thread to one of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: matching principle. Due to their potential to generate income for decades, movies require peculiar accounting applications when compared to other products or services. This paper first demonstrates current application of amortization in Turkey and the U.S. Then movies are discussed in the context of "joint products" approach which we think is more suitable the income generation process and finally an alternative amortization application is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial crisises is one of the important issues which attract both financiers and economists' attention. Many theoretical and empirical work has been done on this subject. This study aims to measure the effects of the 2008 financial crisis on automotive sector traded in Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) by examining the change in the capital structure of the company pre and post crisis. This paper is decomposed from the other studies by examining pre and post crisis businesses' capital structures' differentiation. In addition, periods of the 2008 crisis and 2001 crisis is compared. In this paper by using the financial statements of the businesses in the automotive sector, in a total of four groups including liquidity, leverage, activity and profitability 20 ratios are calculated for a period of 14 years. Then, t-tests is done with the data obtained to determine how the change of the capital structure before and after the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of trade openness and financial development on foreign direct investment in OECD countries over the period 1996-2011. By using the system-GMM estimator suggested for linear dynamic panel data models, we find that trade openness and financial development are positively associated with foreign direct investment in the long-run. By using Granger causality test based on panel VAR model, we also determine the causal relationship running from these variables to foreign direct investment over the period. Thus, the empirical results imply that trade openness and financial development are the determinants of foreign direct investment in OECD countries. This paper may also provide some policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a sustainable life, changing habits of consumers that negatively affect the environment and developing new environmental-friendly behavior is inevitable. The planet that we live in is unique but, it was faced with enormous environmental damages and harmful effects of industrialization and urbanization both yesterday, today and especially tomorrow. Acceptance of environmental friendly life styles by consumers becoming more important every single day due to exceeded carrying capacity of the planet. Therefore, scientific research about behavioral changes for sustainability is nedeed more than today. In this study, community-based social marketing approach was used to improve environmentally-conscious behavior in communities, within the sustainable consumption behavior perspective. The field study is conducted with Çukurova University staff (academiscs and officers). The research was planned as an experimental design, in order to estimate the possible outcomes of community based social marketing (CBSM) implications on a specific community. During this study, to develop environmental-friendly behavior (recycling of waste paper), we determine tangible and intangible barriers and then we eliminate these barriers from the current environment. We have weighed the total waste paper in the garbage and recycled paper before and after the experimental settings and we have compared these measuremnets as a result. The results can be announced as a total success in paper recycling behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of Ferahfeza mode is attributed to Hamamizade İsmail Dede Efendi, but it was actually a mode that was created during the rule of Sultan Selim III, before Dede Efendi; nonetheless, it was Dede Efendi who added the final touches. In other words he recreated it. The Ferahfeza mode is a perfect example of modernization in music, an area in which Turkey's modernization drive has yielded the most successful results. This paper argues that Dede's exclusive systematization of this mode forms the intellectual foundations of modernism in Turkish music. By placing Dede at the center of this modernization process, it would lead to restoration of our musical memory and be a continuing process rather than an extensively patch worked musical theory. In this study, we will make assessments regarding Turkey's modernization experience through Dede and Ferehfeza mode and underline the correlations which assure our music historical aspect with tradition; nonliterary facts, ignorance for the general culture domains, faulty culture policies which comes from western system practices, Dede's social habitat, his oeuvres, new modes composed, new method usages. By this way we aim to represent our original modernization process by founding our theory on our musical bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social skills is the general name for the individual ability to adapt to and within society, the attitude, behaviour and ideas that individuals present in order to set up positive communication among people. The achievement of social skills begins with the early years of life and continues throughout the whole life learning. The social skills which are quite essential for strong social constiuctions should not be random. Social skills should be taught in on organized way in the education system and children should be provided chances to practice these skills in daily life. The education of social skills should not only be the responsibility of teachers, but it should also concern parents and people living in the close environment. Families as well as teachers should be active in the process of teaching children social skills. This paper presents social skills the importance of the development of social skills in children and the position and effect of the familiy, schools and the environment in teaching social skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perspectives in humanenvironment geography with an Anglo-American perspective and evaluate the reflection of these perspectives in Turkish geography with a historical approach. One of the most common definitions of Geography states that geography is the study of human-environment relationships. This definition has been understood in terms of environmental influences until the last 100 years. However, due to social, technological and political developments on one hand, and development of scientific thought on the other, new interpretations of human-environment relationship emerged. The first objections to environmental determinism, which favored the environmental influences, based on the fact that the biophysical environment gives opportunities and it is up to the human groups to choose among various options. The technological and social developments have diminished the influence of the environment and stressed the culture and adaptation capabilities. Thus a new possibilistic approach has emerged and constructed the base for cultural ecology. Especially in the last 40-50 years environmental perception replaced the previous concepts as a result of ever increasing human mobility. On the other hand the large-scale projects and cultural constructions marked the human as changing the face of the Earth. Cultural ecological perspective replaced by political ecology shortly after because of increasing influence of political processes, policy effect and power relations between different socio-cultural groups. Characterized by regional geography methodologically and by environmental deterministic approaches philosophically, Turkish geography is far from following these paradigmatic shifts in a meaningful way. This research discusses all these different approaches and processes in Turkish geography and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The background of Shia-Sunni/Salafi conflict, one of the problems can not be solved in Islamic thought, emerged at the nearly beginning of the history of Islam. During the first period while center of gravity of the competition was between Sunnism and Shiism today the conflict axis of Islamic political thought seems to have shifted to Shiite-Salafi conflict as a result of intensive Salafi activities. Salafis are of the opinion that all other movements and sects are non-Muslim moving from that they described themselves as defender of pristine first era of Islam. The widespread dominant belief that the Shiites think generally fed from these claims even though they don't conduct a sharp distinction as salafis did. Iran and Saudi Arabia are not only representatives of the polarization which representing two radical ends of Islam but also supporters. Turkey has been pointing out that regional state must prevent the crisis based on sect to emerge the peace and stability in this region. In this paper, Iran-Saudi Arabia axes competition and the attitude of Turkey on this issue is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Israel is one of the disputed countries of the Middle East. These discussions are related to foundation process of the state of Israel and disputes regarding Israel-Palestine question as well as to the fact that Israel is the only Jewish state in the Middle East and in the world. Different formation process of Jewish people over centuries on the ground of faith and nationality as well as the confusing and disputed background of Zionism lead to a number of speculations regarding the state of Israel. Some of those speculations are over the perception that Israel is a religios state. This paper studies effects of Jewish references and religious organisations and groups in Israel over politics, public life, legal system and state policies. The findings reached here indicate that Israel is a semi-religious and semisecular a state. Actually the fact that Israeli political society is composed of groups with different cultural tendencies even if sharing a common fate makes such a hybrid system inevitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the consideration on the rising importance of the applications in Occupational Health Safety (OHS) has vital importance for the workers in work life. In this study the effects of OHS applications on the job satisfaction has been examined. In order to determine the relation between the level of OHS and job satisfaction, this paper includes a theoretical framework and a survey conducted to the workers of KYK (101 person) in Erzurum. Collected data were analyzed and interpreted in the SPSS 16 program. As a result of the research, we found out that, there is a strong positive relation between the level of occupational health-safety practices and job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are a society which had adopted Islam beginning from 10th century AD. This new religion brought about major novelties in our lives. It influenced our language, thought and our lives. It has also principles set forth regarding problems we could face in social life which are called "transactions (deeds) ". Mankind is a social being. He lives in the society and he has a role that he undertakes (e.g. employee, employer, civil servant, boss, farmer, artist, artisan, craftsman etc). Labor is the common denominator of those roles. This paper aims to elucidate the value given to labor in the holy book (The Noble Quran) of our religion Islam - to which we belong to and which made radical changes in our lives - and in the words and practices of our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important assumption of the classical economy is the homo economicus. This concept implies the rational actor in economic life. On the other hand, homo economicus may be inadequate in explaining behaviors of human-being. Liberals, especially Hayek, considers the individual as an irrational actor and evaluates the rationality in the context of competition process. In this process, homo academicus which is related with the education and production of first-hand knowledge, searches for its meaning in an era of capitalizing of knowledge and education. Especially, production conditions in the academic institutions which are under the effect of capitalist business logic do not allow the scholars to produce more than the needs of market. This situation leads to get the form of proletariat of labor of the scholars. In this paper, it is aimed to examine the problems of scholars which can be classified in a place between the values of homo economicus and homo academicus. And also it tries to explain and understand how inhuman capitalism unskills the labor of scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only one-quarter of Turkish women participate in the labor force, one of the lowest rates in the world. This paper looks at the relationship between female labor force participation and economic, demographic, educational and religious factors. The main finding is that Turkey actually has more women working outside of their homes than would have been expected given Turkey's circumstances. Religion seems to be less associated with low female labor force participation in Turkey than in other countries with large Muslim populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses co-integration and causality approach to investigate the relationship between export and economic growth in Turkey over period 1980-2010. In the study, Turkey's total annual exports, gross domestic product and gross fixed capital formation variables are used. Johansen cointegration test result show that there is co-integration between export and economic growth in the long run. The result of VECM test conclude that the impact of emergent shock disappearance in the long run. There is a causal relationship from export to economic growth according to Granger Causality test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, relations between personality and job satisfaction are discussed. "Relations are focused on which personality components?" is tried to be answered. Hypothesis are analysed according to the inputs gained from 200 workers belong to banking sector. According to the analysis it is found out that there are limited relations between some components of personality and job satisfaction. According to the results contribution of the research to the organizational theory is discussed and suggestions for following researches are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Research and Development (R&D) project selection has emerged as one of the most important investment decisions for the success of companies. R&D project selection is a complex decision-making problem for the evaluation procedures involves multiple qualitative and quantitative criteria. This paper aims to propose the fuzzy TOPSIS model based on a group decision-making process in selecting R&D projects. An illustrative example is presented in this paper to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology over the existing quantitative approaches. In this example, five alternative R&D projects are evaluated based on six criteria by four decision makers and the best one is selected. In addition sensitivity analysis is used to see how sensitive the proposed model is to changes in the weights of criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]