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There are many words witnessed in the historical Turkish dialects or only in the Old Uyghur Turkish. One of them is the verb yaktur- arose to reproduce works to spread Buddhism. The word is not found in texts with Runic letters. The reason for this may be due to the fact that paper and printing techniques are not used in the writing of these texts. In the explanations given by the researchers, the origin of yaḳtur- is not entirely clear. This verb is mostly seen in Old Uyghur Turkish with the meaning 'to get books, copies etc. printed or to print'. The word in question is not found in texts with Runic letters. This may be due to the fact that paper and printing techniques are not used in Runic letter texts. We think that yaktur- 'to get books, magazines, etc. printed’ can be combined with the verbs *ya- and yak- in terms of root, meaning and structure. For this reason, the relationship between the meanings "to print books, copies etc." with the verbs *ya- "to approach", yak- to "approach", yak- to "drive, to rub" have been examined and explanations have been made in terms of etymology, structure and semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkish hand weaving, originating from Central Asia, has an important place in the national culture. They took the weaving that exists in their culture with them wherever they went from Central Asia. Especially the Muğla region has gained an important place in carpet and rug weaving after the Yörük (Nomadic) and Turkmen settlements. The villages of Milas, Fethiye and Bodrum have become important centers for carpet and rug weaving.Most of the local productions belonging to the past, which have ethnological importance such as hand-woven, are generally evaluated through the studies based on the works of that period. Based on archival records, there is hardly any work in this area.In this paper, the content of some of the documents related to Muğla weaving in the Cevdet Classification Military Document of the Presidency Ottoman Archive will be mentioned, and the daily use of hand weaving in Muğla in both military terms and in the Ottoman period and therefore the importance of Turkish culture will be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Words are undoubtedly one of the most considerable elements of languages. In addition to this, each type of word has its own unique function in expressions. In general, if the necessary amount of vocabulary learning is achieved numerically in the learning of a language, it is considered a natural process to reach correct expressions by using the learned words in positions or forms similar to other languages that are classified in the same way as that language in terms of typological syntax. However, the situation is very different in the Chinese language. Words in Chinese are unlike any other language in the world due to their unusual usage characteristics. This is especially true for separable verbs that express action. Chinese separable words are verbs used to express certain behaviors. This type of verb also has the characteristics of "li (separation)", which means to be used separately, and "he (combination)", which means to be used together. From a pragmatic point of view, they are often influenced by other elements in the process of using them. These influences can cause separable words to be pragmatically different from general inseparable verbs. Therefore, separable words are not only the key content of Chinese teaching, but also a major difficulty for Chinese learners. This paper aim to analyze the example sentences and sorts out the differences between the correct and misused words, and then draws the corresponding pragmatic condi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Together with mass media the film has very important role in protecting our national mental values. In the presented artice the film language, oral literary language and the professionalim of the film actor in the pronounciation of oral literary language are analyzed. While speaking the film language being closer to the spoken language several reasons are shown: The basic reason is to protect the natural colour, initial curiosity and national character of the language. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the national character of language is very important chracteristic feature of the film language. In several parts of the paper it is spoken about popularizing of the film languageand the author criticizes active usage of slangs, vulgar words and jargons in the film language. Samples from different Azerbaijan films in several parts of the paper arouse great interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to report the trends of academic studies on augmented reality in mathematics education. The study is descriptive research and is a kind of literature review within the limited databases scanned. During the study, a search was made in the categories related to education by using the keywords "Augmented Reality" and "Mathematics" in Web of Science (WoS) databases. The data set of the study consists of 122 academic studies published between 2010-2022 in accordance with the criteria determined by the researcher. According to the results of the study, the number of mathematics education research on augmented reality has increased in 2016 and later in parallel with the following years. While the most frequently published language in these studies was English, the most common type of academic study was articles and papers. The most commonly used research models are experimental, systematic review and screening, respectively. On the other hand, USA, Mexico, and Spain are the three countries where mathematics education studies related to augmented reality are published the most, respectively. The most frequently used keywords in mathematics education studies related to augmented reality were "augmented reality", "mathematics", "stem", "virtual reality", "technology", "stem education" and "math education". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief look at etymologic dictionaries is indicative of the fact that the word gırtlak was analyzed from different perspectives. This word, which is not found in pre-modern Turkish linguistic sources, began to appear in modern Turkish after an unspecified period of time and is today used in many dialects as gırtlak, qırtlaq, hırtlak, xirtlek, xirtdek and so on. Therefore, the present paper aimed to explain the structure of gırtlak based on historical and contemporary linguistic data. In addition to an overview of the linguists' point of view on the word, the paper also presents a novel analytical approach to its structure. It should be also noted that some other words were useful in this regard, including qort (sip) defined in a Chagatai dictionary called Sangalakh, qurtum (sip), xirtdek/qırtlaq (throat), udlaq (throat) in Azerbaijani Turkish, xortum (sip) in Iranian Turkish dialects, and ġurt (sip, gulp) used in Persian with a Turkish origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to determine the effect of regional Turkish features on the written expressions of high school students who study Turkish in Romania; to describe the problems experienced in this regard; and to provide ideas for students' effective and efficient language education in accordance with standard Turkish. In this regard, the study papers applied to the students consisting the study group were examined in terms of the characteristics revealed in oral studies of regional Turkish dialect, while qualitative analysis methods and techniques were used. Turkey Turkish is a language that is written in the Turkic language. As a result of the research, it was seen that the students formed their Turkey Turkish written expressions under the influence of the regional Turkish pronunciation characteristics and therefore they moved away from the standard Turkish from time to time. It was determined that the mistakes experienced in this subject are generally in the form of deterioration in the harmony of back vowel/front vowel, elision due to the tendency to speak quickly and easily in the oral language, syllable fusion, sound changes and transposition of the dialect of the region. In addition, it has been observed that some words and groups of words that are often used by some students in daily life are reflected in written expression by taking the usage form in oral language as a reference rather than the form in standard Turkish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to assess the ritual of vowing with a functional approach in the case of Anşa Bacılılar. The paper also aims at revealing the functions carried out by the ritual of vowing in the community life. The study has been conducted with a ethnographic method in the villages of Tokat-Zile and Yozgat-Çekerek, all of which are affiliated with the community of Anşa Bacılı. The ethnographic field survey has been performed in two separate periods of time. Having been carried out between April 2009 and April 2012, the first generally took the daily life of Anşa Bacılılar as topic. The second one between May 2014 and July 2015 mostly focused on the vowing beliefs and rituals of Anşa Bacılılar. The data was compiled with participatory observation and in-depth interviews for both the field surveys. Having been classified according to the determined categories, all the data was then characterized and assessed with a functionalist point of view. In the offerings of vow and lokma among Anşa Bacılılar, a kind of exchange the essence of which depends on the principle 'do ut des' is observed, and it is concluded that there is a mutual agreement between the individual and holiness via a sanctified gift. At the end of this agreement, thanksgiving sacrifice is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the educational researches published about social media from a bibliometric perspective. The study used the case study design, which is a qualitative research design. The keyword "Social Media" was searched in research topics in the Web of Science (WoS) database. "Document title", "abstract" and "keyword" were chosen as search criteria. Studies published between 2007 and 2021 were included in the analysis. The bibliometric data of 3861 academic studies contained in WoS educational researchs category constitute the data set of the study. The study found that educational researches on social media especially as of 2008 and this trend continued in the following years. The most frequent languages of publication in the field of social media in education are English, Spanish and Portuguese, respectively, and the most frequent types of academic research are articles, papers, and book chapters. Michigan State University, Florida State University System and University of North Carolina are the affiliations with the highest number of publishing researchers. In Turkey, Anadolu University is the affiliation with the biggest number of authors publishing research about social media in education. The USA, England and Australia are the three countries where studies about social media in education are published the most, respectively. The number of citations of academic studies published after 2010 is increasing every passing year. The most frequently used keywords in academic studies on media literacy in education are the concepts of "social media", "higher education", "Facebook", "Twitter", "e-learning", "social networks" and "Web 2.0". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the very beginning of the human history, body cleanliness is one of the basic needs. At first, human beings have supplied the needs of cleaning from rivers and lakes. With the development of civilizations they have started to build baths. In Roman Period these baths have been combined with Gymnasiums and become a part of the social life while they were merely small places of bathing in Ancient Greek. In the course of time, bath architecture which gained new functions and typologies with the effects of different nations and geographic places has maintained its own existence in Turkish culture as a popular ingredient in it. In this paper, mansion baths that were built in Ottoman period in Cyprus are studied. Firstly all locations of baths were determinated, photographed and measured during the research. Then, the determinated baths have been tried to being described comprehensively in the light of the documents and knowledges that are achievable. Main plan in mansion baths was built on the basis of "dressing" and "hotness" sections. Also, there are installation parts like "water tank" and "boiler room". The baths which have a peculiar schema in itself constitute the exceptional examples of bath typology. With this paper, introduction to science world of mansion baths which are generally ignored in most of the researches because of the small sizes, are aimed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every branch of science which deals with man - from literature to psychology - studies disasters experienced by societies. Great Patriotic War was one of such disasters and it left its mark on the 20th century Soviet-period Russian literature. War reflected in literature with all its aspects and the literary works of writers and poets of the war period were enhanced by the manifestation of the human soul. One of the prose writers of the 20th century was Yuri Bondarev who emphasized the destructive side of war in his works by portraying the physical, social and mental deterioration of man during the war. In one of his works - the novel The Hot Snow - the author shows the human nature tested under hard conditions of war and gives the account of the people's struggle for their motherland and freedom as they fought against the enemy with limited resources. This paper presents an effort to study the novel The Hot Snow by war-period prose writer Yu. Bondarev from philological and psychological perspectives. The psychological trials experienced by each character in a different way, the moral and mental changes in the person caused by war were studied in the paper under different titles. The goal of this paper is to provide a pattern of the use of psychology in the analysis of pieces of literature and to support the research in the area of psychology of literature. As a result this paper - besides demonstrating the meaninglessness of war once again - will be important for revealing the psychological sources of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textbook evaluation has appealed to the interests of the researchers in various contexts, and numerous studies have been conducted on this specific issue. The review of available literature on textbook evaluation, especially the ones held in the Turkish context, revealed that most of the studies did not follow a theoretical framework for their textbook evaluations. Additionally, it is observed that some studies were conducted employing document and content analysis techniques without a robust conceptual framework, or they have evaluated the textbooks through the views of teachers, students, and parents using a checklist developed by researchers for textbook evaluation. It is a fact that evaluating the textbooks without a theoretical framework might violate the reliability and validity of the reached decisions. Thus, the present paper intends to review the frequently employed textbook evaluation approaches in the literature and provide some background knowledge to its readers, especially to the teachers, researchers, and pre-service teachers who are interested in the textbook evaluation approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horse has been an important element of the Turkish lifestyle. From the oldest Turkish inscriptions, it has been seen that there is a wide range of vocabulary around the horse. The horse, which was thought to have been domesticated 6000 years ago, is a food source which uses both its milk and meat also it is a vehicle used in transportation and war. In term of findings from the culture of Afanesyevo show that the Turks living in the region tamed horses and camels. Between 2700 BC and 1700 BC horse bridles were discovered in the cultural areas. Archaeological excavations in various parts of Eurasia yield tombs of warriors buried with horses. In ancient Turkish culture, many words were used around the horse. The color of the horse, its type, its clothes, the tools and equipment used with the horse found their equivalents in separate words. In this paper, the vocabulary used in Turkish dialects and accents related with mares with respect to gender of horse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of verbal adjectives in the written expressions of learners of Turkish as a foreign language according to various variables. It was prepared in line with the survey model of the quantitative research methods and it has a descriptive feature. The research population were B2-level students who were learning Turkish at Akdeniz University Turkish Teaching Centre. The research sampling, on the other hand, consisted of 60 students who were having training in this centre during the 2018-2019 academic year. Demographic information form and composition papers were used as data gathering tools. The data were collected at different times by letting the students perform an application once. During the application, instructions were given and the students were asked to complete their task. The written expression works were scored by two field specialists. The collected data were interpreted by using quantitative data analysis techniques and Fleiss KAPPA analysis, which is one of the interrater reliability calculation techniques, was computed. The analysis techniques were decided after applying the normality test for the independent variables "gender, mother tongue, residence time in Turkey, objectives to learn Turkish, mother education level, father education level and frequency of reading a Turkish publication" of the research separately. According to the findings, it was found that the students' scores in the rubrics, which was prepared to measure verbal adjective use of the students, did not show statistically meaningful difference according to the gender. However, it significantly differed based on the mother tongue, the residence time in Turkey and the objectives to learn Turkish. Moreover, it was revealed that their scores in each section meaningfully differed according to the mother-father education level of the students. There was also a difference between the frequency of reading a Turkish publication and students' scores in the rubric. As a result, the gender factor had no effect on the verbal adjective use of the students. It was concluded that the speakers of Turkish origin languages were more successful. In addition, it was revealed that as the residence time in Turkey got longer, the students' success also increased. It was finally concluded that the increase in the educational level of the parents had a positive effect on the scores of the students and the students' success increased as the frequency of reading a Turkish publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throghout this paper, each type of relations and aspects such as political, social and economic ones, between the early Ottoman World and the Italian will be discusssed and their effects to the art will be expressed. Economic affairs between the Ottomans and the Italians kept a relationship. The political connections developed with commercial relations.The relations started at the time of Anatdionseljuks, flourished during the Menteşeoğulları and Aydınoğulları and improved durng the Ottomans. The Beylik of Menteşeoğulları unovoidably established some commercial and political relations with the Latins. As a result some works (The Mosque of Milas Ulu the Mosque of Ahmet Gazi and the Madrassah of Ahmet Gazi in Pecin) had Latin effects. Consequently, a view supported by some reasons has been discussed in this paper. This view can be expressed in a way that densely commercial and political relations have led to the Latin effects in some buildings of the early Ottoman Art and Architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper dwells on the effect of reading fluency strategies on reading comprehension skills and reading motivation in the 4th grade Turkish lessons. In the study, students' opinions about reading fluency activities were also identified. The sample of the research consists of 59 (30 experimental and 29 control) students. In the research, mixed method which combined quantitative and qualitative data together was utilized. Descriptive statistics, the Student's t-test, Paired sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were administrated to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, content analysis was used to analyze the quantitative data collected through semi-structured interview form. The results of the study indicate that reading fluency strategies have a positive influence over the experiment group students' reading comprehension skills and reading motivation. Furthermore, it was found that the experimental group students expressed positive opinions about reading fluency strategies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is the essence of a society, it is a structure that contains all the cultural elements of society. It is the most important element that provides human interaction, communication and social reconciliation. Proper use of language should be the most important goal of the individuals who make up the society. It is an indisputable fact that language teaching should be systematically and regularly conducted. For this reason, Turkish teaching programs are being prepared in our country. The grammatical gains in Turkish teaching programs are the most important guide in teaching correct use of language. This study was carried out in order to determine the grammatical gains in the 2015 and 2017 Turkish teaching programs and to investigate the differences between them. In this study, "document review" method which is one of the qualitative research methods was used. The paper compares the differences between the two programs for class 5, 6, 7 and 8. The study is limited with these class levels. When examining the grammatical gains of both programs, it was found out that there were differences in the expressions of the gains between the two progrmas and the differentiation of the expressions were made according to cognitive processes of the students. It was also found out that there were grammaticals gains which only included in one of the two programs and there were differences in the distribution of grammar topics to class levels. The last difference between the two programs was that some integrated grammatical gains in the 2015 program were divided into two gains in the 2017 program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with rock scripts, figures (petroglyphs) and writings which we have been considering for last twenty years. The scientists refer the beginning of age to the discovery of scripts. However it is proved claim that the pictures and figures started to be carved on rocks back in 14th millenium BC. Pictures carved on rocks are able to be interpreted into certain explanations as scripts and human history of 15 thousand years is available to our perception. Rock pictures and figures with turkic features are regularly encountered in most parts of Asia and Europe and north part of Africa. They possess similarities with toponyms, architectural and other cultural components. While considering all the cultural components it becomes obvious that the turks have been existing on earth for 15 thousand years with magnificent culture. The paper touches upon issues regarding the ancience of rock petrogylphs and figures with turkic features and their located areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the approach of „Çocuk Sesi” magazine to its „female and male” readers, the „convenience of texts to children” in pedagogical terms, „the qualification of awards” given to readers that ranked first at weekly competitions and the „titles” readers preferred to use before the surname act. This examination on „Çocuk Sesi” periodical which was published for the first time i Latin Alphabet in „the history of the Republic of Turkey” shed light on the history of its period. This study used „qualitative research method.” The preferred study technique is „document analysis.” The data obtained is classified into four themes including „gender,” „convenience to children,” „qualifications of awards,” and „reader titles.” It is concluded in this study that this periodical included subjects that would satisfy both genders such as „paper doll works” for „girls” and „sports” section for „boys” in regards to „gender theme.” It is confirmed that some sentences seen in some texts of „Çocuk Sesi” periodical were not „convenient for children” in pedagogical terms. Gifts given by „Çocuk Sesi” periodical to its readers include different types such as „little sheep, tayyare lottery ticket, swimsuits, photograph machine and gramophone.” Examining the editions in 1928 - 1930, it is established that some readers wrote down „Son of Border Battalion Commander...,” „Daughter of Tobacco Factory Manager...” as their titles because the surname act was not in enacted yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the text of "Kısâs-ı Enbiyâ" found as untitled in the registered text called Chagataische Sammelhandschrift "Chagatai collective manuscripts" has been studied. The text has been written as a verse with Chagatai Turkish version. Based on the type and language characteristics of the paper, It can be said that it was written at the end of the XVIII century. The study has been composed of three parts, namely language analysis, transcription and transfer to Turkey's Turkish. In the first part, the major language features of the text have been examined, in the second part, its transcription has been made, in the third part, the transfer to Turkey's Turkish has been carried out. The features of Western Turkish (= Oghuz Turkish) are drawing attention in the additions and words in the texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmodernism, which emerged as an art movement in the USA after modernism, is a movement of thought which criticises modernism and opposes the characteristics of modernism or complements them. Postmodern literature, which creates style and substance differently from modern literature, makes the reader rewrite a text by using intertextuality, metafiction, and pluralism techniques. Postmodern literature, which merges fiction and historical facts, involves an action of recreating new texts based on prewritten texts. The narrator undertakes an active role asking questions to the reader, hooking and keeping the reader in suspense in postmodern texts. Orhan Pamuk is one of the most prominent authors of postmodern literature using the metafiction technique in today's Turkish literature. This paper studies Orhan Pamuk's novel Kırmızı Saçlı Kadın (The Red-Haired Woman), which involves other texts and includes a narrator selected from the characters of the text and presented as if the author is the narrator, in terms of the narrator's role. Metafiction, which is the most distinct character of postmodern novels, and the relationship between the reader and narrator will be analysed in this work of art, where the narrator is selected from the characters and the reader is implicitly involved in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the necessity of cultural continuity; the function of cultural venues is needed to be examined as the places where culture is produced and transmitted in the field of folk dances as well as in other cultural areas. At this point, with concern of cultural values being vanishing as the places where culture is kept alive and transferred to the future generations, comes the concern of culture vanishing itself. Two seperate contracts being signed by Unesco in 2003 and 2005 regarding the protection of cultural heritage also validates that opinion as Unesco mainly aiming the protection of cultural diversity and heritage, considering the function of cultural space as one of the most important elements of this activity. Venues of social life in traditional cultural structure of folk dances are places where traditional celebrations and rituals are created and kept alive such as birth, circumcision, marriage, vintage and spring festival tradition. These places are subject to a rapid change and transformation by the effects of todays both global and local conditions and affects. Changing life conditions combined with differences in global and local culture has generated new dimensions in culture and place interaction, and tradition still continues in these transformed venues. Today, the importance of cultural venues in the transfer of folk culture to new generations is more significant than ever considering the negative effects of urbanisation, technological developement and globalisation on cultural continuity and diversity. In this paper; the function and transformation of cultural venues is examined and discussed in terms of culture, place and human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transkription texts called a turkish Works which written without the Arabic alphabet. Turkish language materials so called Transkription texts are wortten whit the alphabet of Latin, Greek, Armanian, Kiril, Assyrian, Jew, Georgian etc. In this paper two transcription texts, which were written in 1869 in German language, and their spelling properties will be introduced. Transcription texts are important sources since they give information about Turkish language phonology, morphology, syntax and vocabulary for the time period when they were written and geography where they were written. The oldest identified transcription is Codex Cumanicus. The oldest transcription which brings light to Turkish language spoken in Turkey is Regola written by Argenti in 16 th century. Nowadays, German, French, Italian and English transcription texts are being still discovered. Adolf Wahrmund's "Praktische Handbuch der osmanisch-türkischen Sprache" and P.J. Piqure's "Grammatik der türkisch-osmanischen Umgangssprache: nebst einem Anhange von einer Auswahl verschiedener Gespräche, Sprichwörter und einer Wörtersammlung in alphabetischer Ordnung: mit genauer Verzeichnung der Aussprache" works are useful and benefical works for people who want to study this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about Turkic people living in Iran, a mosaic country, still remains confidential. Various Turkic tribes are known to be living in Iran, but there is no detailed information available about these people. For example, dialects of Turkic they speak, dialect features, language atlas, in habited areas and their characteristics, folklore and literature can be mentioned. Although precise and detailed information may be found on the Iranian official statistics, information such as ethnic groups and their languages have always remained missing. Therefore, it is not easy to learn about the ethnicities living in Iran and the languages spoken by them. Hence, it will only be possible to obtain information from either field or indirect studies. As a result, to obtain information about the ethnicities of Iran, in particular Turks living in Iran, one has only these two options. To begin with obtaining such information about Turks of Iran, a 1949 Iranian army survey can be used. The statistics have been published in ten volumes by the Iranian army. This work is, thus far, the only official survey in Iran containing information such as ethnicities and languages that they speak, their numbers, settlements and birth rates. Information concerning Iranian Turks is published by a colonel from Tabriz named Mahmoud Panahiyan in four volumes in 1972. The basic information used in this article about Iranian Turks is based on the statistics from 1949 survey. Based on these statistics, settlements and the numbers of the Turks that live in south provinces of Iran will be summarized in tables and displayed on the maps. The south provinces of Iran are Khuzestan, Boyer Ahmad, Bushehr, Fars, Kerman, Hormozgan ve Sistan o Baluchestan. But this study is not contains Fars province. In addition, this information will be compared with the 2011 census statistics using the settlement names. In addition, an effort has been put into determining the current situation of Turks in the Fars province of Iran and some errors and lack of information present in 1949 survey is outlined. This paper attempts to resolve the discrepancies between present-day information and information from 1949. The results are discussed and analyzed. This study aimed to determine the places and numbers of Turks living in Iran. Therefore, we believe that it will be convenient for future studies especially dialect studies and in preparing language atlases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounding is one of the most productive ways of word-formation along with affixation in agglutinative languages. This is also true for modern Turkic languages. But in the language of Orkhon Inscriptions, the condition is different. There are very few compound words in Orkhon Turkic, most of them being proper names. But there are some phrases, including reduplicative words, composite names, numeral phrases and "compound verbs" that were considered as compound words by some researchers. The aim of this paper is to distinguish these pseudocompounds from genuine compounds and to suggest that even without those few genuine compounds Orkhon Turkic could function and express very different ideas. So we assume that agglutinative languages can function without compound words, because they have larger opportunities for affixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to official figures 3 million Turkish, which contribute to Germany in some fields such as trading, politics, sports, literature, live in Germany. Therefore, a wide variety of academic studies about Turkish people living in Germany are done and going to be done both in Turkey and Germany. Turkish-German commercial relationship, adaptation of Turkish people to Germany and their economic power are the most researched subjects. However, subjects such as Turkish courses and language usage of Turkish people in Germany were postponement until today. For this reason, it is observed that some third-generation Turkish youth can understand but can not express themselves in Turkish language. In this paper, firstly a short description about the Turkish population in Germany is given and afterwards the importance of Turkish language to permanency of Turkish identity is mentioned. Next, studies about this subject which were done in Turkey and Germany are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the First Balkan War, the Conference of Ambassadors held in London and representing the six Great European Powers. (England, Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Russia.) It began its work on 17 December in 1912 under the direction of the British secretary Edward Grey. European powers had politico-strategic interests on Albania, which cross the boundaries of Balkan States. They could not allow the establishment of bigger Albania and being a threat to the safety of the members of the Balkan Alliance (Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece). It has been foreseen the fragmentation of Albania between them. Thus, the Great Powers didn't respect the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of Albania aimed at meeting its neighbors' intentions. For example Serbia that is landlocked, with no access to an ocean and sea, has a disadvantage because it cannot easily transport and import products and guns to other parts of the world. They discussed the borders of Albania in the conference. The issue of borders connected to solving the Adriatic question and Aegean Islands problems. They established International Boundary Comissions to study the exact border. This paper aims to analyze the attitude of Great Powers on Albanian's borders in the Conference of Ambassadors in London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sense of urbanity is a concept that expresses how much do people living in a particular urban geography care about or internalize the culture of the city, whether, in this respect, they adopted the specific attitudes and behaviours of the city they live in or not, and whether they have feelings for civic responsibility to the city or not. The impacts of migration on sense of urbanity are a controversial topic from various aspects. In this paper, the sense of urbanity is analysed in the specific sample of senior high school students and young people preparing for university in Kırıkkale. The reason for choosing Kırıkkale as a universe of this study is a city formed by migration, and maintained to be a migration and emigration city. Cluster sampling method as one kind of probabilistic sampling is used in this study, and the selected sample for the research is 2000 people in the 17-25-age range. The data obtained were analysed by statistical methods. According to the results obtained, the sense of urbanity among young people living in Kırıkkale is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Politic is a wide and complicated field, and it has its own treasure. Politicians, addressing every field and every citizen, have to have extensive knowledge and at the same time they need to express it with political language. The language used by politician should be understandable by citizens. Anyway, the main aim of the politician is to be able to express him/herself to the citizens. This paper aims to study the election speeches in terms of linguistical aspects, done by women and men politicians before the Early Election. In the first part, corporate section reveals the details of the topic starting from the definition of political language. The implementation part of the study contains the analysis of election's speech done by women and men from different ideological views; comparison of the nominees in terms of the way of using language, the agenda topics they have; and finally, the findings will be assessed in terms of language of women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At all levels of education as well as teaching Turkish to foreigners is an issue to be dealt with on the importance of input and output. In this respect, the work of writing and language learning that is possible to determine the level of their writing skills. In this context, at the end of term exams and courses, as well as on the data obtained, the detection and correction of errors, both in terms of the potential students and the teacher guiding the student is. In addition, the students already know their mistakes, to gain the ability to write in the future is important to minimize errors. At this work we identified the Iranian students writing problems and presented their recommendations for the solution. The study designed as a survey. The Data collected about the students problems on writing from the exams which the centre done on writing part and the students composition papers during the period. The mistakes of the students made in written expression, grouped audio information, morphology, the syntax and orthography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The narrative texts of Mihr ü Mâh have a key position among literary transactions in Classical Turkish Literature. One of those is the treatise engrossed by Zarîfî on which two dissertations at undergraduate and postgraduate levels have been written up. Results obtained from these studies revealed availability of three manuscript copies of the work in question. On the other hand, previous works attested the presence of another copy of the manuscript. Last cataloging studies carried out by the Turkish Manuscript Foundation have also manifested this additional copy. In this paper, known issues of this work inside and outside Turkey are introduced. In addition, some questions overlooked in the above-stated thesis and shortcomings stemming from readings as well are discussed in conjunction with some considerations in respect to identities of the copies predicated. The fact that one of the copies that appears in the postgraduate study which includes a comparative text of the two copies is not at odds with the inspected issues is also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern man believes that their life should be completely under their control and anything that does not fall in this category is automatically ignored by them. This autonomy should also last until the very end of one's life. Scientific and technological developments in medicine in the treatment of severe patients have made significant advances in the recent years, enabling life prolongation also in the cases when it might be contrary to the patient's and relatives' will and the doctor's opinion. At times when the lives of unconscious incurable patients are sustained and prolonged through complete dependence on machines, the situation is nothing but a meaningless prolongation of agony. When the individual is fully conscious, they make a statement in their last will to respect their autonomy at the end of their lives also in the cases when they are unconscious or are unable to express their wishes rationally, for example when suffering from such conditions as dementia or Alzheimer's disease. This paper aims to address the issue of patient's advance decision, which is a fairly new concept to Turkish medical environment. The discussion of patient autonomy, euthanasia and self-determination is supplemented with examples for additional clarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, it has been aimed to describe and giving the language properties of Hüsn-ü Hat Risalesi by Mehmet Vasfi Efendi, which is registered in number 401 in Michigan University (Islamic manuscripts at Michigan). From the paper features of the work of art written an exquisite line, it is estimated to be written in 1772. The work of art is one of the exquisite example of Islamic text brought into the most beautiful writing of the world by Turkish calligraphers in Ottoman Empire, carries weight with both the art of calligraphy and the features of the Turkish cultural language in 18th century. To be written in a magnificent line, makes it easy for us to see better. In other words, far from spelling mistakes to be seen especially in the texts of the Old Turkish language text makes it important in terms of language investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of high and low vowels in the first syllable is a quite important problem in Old Turkic. How can this important problem be solved and which method must be carried out? Old Turkic sources are not adequate for solution of this problem, so we need to refer comparative Turkic Languages. In this stage, can Dīvānu Lugāt-it Türk contribute us? Can phonotactics of Mahmut Kašγarî be useful for quality of rounded vowels? In this paper, we would like to focus on this problem and offer a solution suggestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to find out the attitudes of Turkish children who live in Belgium towards Turkish in terms of demographical features. Research design of this study is scanning model. The participants are 198 Turkish children who took Turkish and Turkish Culture course in 2010-2011 education year in Anvers, Gent, Genk and Brussel regions of Belgium, were chosen randomly and aged between 11- 15. In order to reach data for the study, "Attitude Scale of Turkish Children Who Live Abroad Towards Their Mother Tongues" and "Personal Information Form", which were developed by the researchers, were used. SPSS 19.0 package program was used for analyses. In the study the findings from the analyses were interpreted as significant with 0.05 significance level. After the research, it has been seen that the attitudes of Turkish Children who live in Belgium towards their mother tongue are high (among the points of none, a little, middle, high and full). Moreover, the attitudes of the Turkish children in Belgium who participated in the study towards Turkish have been revealed not to change significantly in terms of gender, age, mother's educational status, father's educational status, father's job, the frequency of going to Turkey and the length of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this scientific research paper, the founder personality of Köse Mustafa Pasha who took part in large scale construction and repair activities in Divrigi district of Sivas in 18. Century and after has been focused on. Starting from Pasha's Foundation and archive documents, structures he built in the region were identified and as a result of the field work, whether these works reached today or not was determined. The structures which have been identified to reach today have been presented in detail with photographs and drawings and their positions in the Ottoman Architecture have been evaluated. The main resources of the study consist of the foundations, belonging to Köse Mustafa Pasha, in the archives of Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives and General Directorate of Foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Earthquake of Erzincan in 27th of December in 1939 not only affected Erzincan but also nearby cities. Casualities and destruction in Sivas and its towns is horrific. In this paper our purpose is to explain the role of Sivas in 1939 Earthquake. In edition to the destruction in Sivas by the earthquake, we also try to tell about efforts of Sivas to Erzincan by the help of archive documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the human adventure of civilization, the steps taken in the name of lifestyles, tools used, beliefs, styles of working, mental and artistic actions, political and social organizations were never easy. The logical answers to questions that were raised with the change and the increase in variety of human needs caused the development of scientific methods. Those methods developed to ease the life are also responsible for the birth of some principles. Thus the thinking necessary for human needs gave start to the process of designing. With the basic principles necessary for the designing process thought now gets out of the mind and begins to become a functional means. The design, which comes into being by first imagining and then putting this imagination on paper to be shaped and realized, has some principles. When held in the context of principles and elements, these provide comprehensible designs in visiual perception for both the designer and the observer. In this way the various Turkish groups immigrating to Anatolia from the XI. Century, have shaped a unique artistic language by synthesizing the customs and traditions of local civilizations with their own. Considering that the founding of the visual design principles were determined only by 1900's, the XIII. Century weavers have produced rightly admired Anatolian Seldjuki era carpets as a result of their own aesthetical perception and synthesis. Only eighteen of those Anatolian Seldjuki carpets with different designs survived today. However, from those eighteen survived (as whole or as bits and pieces) two pieces of carpets which currently are in The Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum (Inventory #683 and 692, 693) appear similar, but upon scrutiny, it is now known that they are independent to each other. Thorough examinations of these two Anatolian Seldjuki carpet pieces have shown that original bordure measurements were different. Also the color differentiations of outer nacres made us think that these pieces were wowen separately. The similarities in colors, units, course and gaps made them understood as two parts of one carpets. However, close examination shows that on the forms placed on the carpet backdrop of #692-693, the last one and a half lines have both a change of colors and the creation of a different effect by putting an additional color on the units. Thus it is now thought that these two pieces of Anatolian Seldjuki carpets are from two independent carpets bearing similar aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study sui generis characteristic of Turkish way of thinking in creative process was investigated under the topic of Turkish Mind. This study aim to provide first, a critical review of the rudiments on mind and innovation related to society. Later section will focus on the concept of entrepreneurship and its development that evaluated according to Turks. The paper ends with a discussion of the potentials of Turkish Mind in open innovation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout this paper, the architectural monuments in the village Yuvali, which is located 45 km northwest from Kayseri and was evacuated due to a heavy flood in 1970s, have been assessed. Primarily, the historical records have been examined, and several field-researches have been made relating the buildings which have been determined to locate in the village Yuvali as a result of this examination. Based on this field-research in the village mentioned, two mosques and a namazgâh have been found out. Today, since it is not a settlement area any more, the buildings in the village have been desolated. Thus, this study aims at making the inventory of the monuments and gaining these into the Turkish scientific world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes numerical data and sectoral distribution relating to child labor in Turkey. The information is taken the labor force research data collected by the Turkish Statistical Institute. Several attempts have been made to resolve the problems of child workers in Turkey. The first stage was the implementation of the International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor (ILO/IPEC). After introduction of the program, many organizations started various activities directed towards children workers in Turkey. Since these initiatives were coordinated and complementary activities there were remarkable developments in the fight against problems of the child workers. The Turkish Statistical Institute examined the child labor force proportion by means of three separate statistical components and the results revealed that number of the child workers has a tendency to decrease. Despite some statistical research carried out in Turkey, the precise number of children that are working cannot be determined. Some of the leading factors can be listed as paucity of research carried out in this area, inaccurate official statistical data regarding the number of children who are working illegally, employed as unpaid family workers, working in the streets, working on the temporary or seasonal basis, and other related factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it is a general known fact that the Ottoman Empire’s settlement politics is mainly based on outer places untill the VI. Century. In other words citizens were sent from Anatolia to the conquered lands. But this policy became towards the inner places because of obligations. Today a lot of villages in Anatolia were built with the migrations to the inner lands. The migrations from the Caucasia to the inner lands play an important role in the foundation of our country, and this subject is our article’s main theme. In this paper, the migration in XIX. Century, towards Ottoman Empire from Caucasia, especially towards Anatolia are being examined. Information is given about the places where they have been settled in Anatolia and about Cherkess villages created by immigrants in Sivas, in middle Anatolia. The Caucasians settled in Sivas are mostly found in: Sarkılsa, Yıldızeli, Kangal and Zara towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Felt making is known the oldest textile surface all around the world. There is no definite evidence about felt making and usage but its first usage on paper at Homer "Ilyada". After 1071 Malazgirt Victory, nomadic Turkish tribes came from Central Asia to Anatolia with their culture. Because of widely using fields of felt, it is in the daily life from past to present. Nowadays there are a lot of souvenirs and touristic things to make felt. At the same time Turkish, European or American artists prefer to use felt for their art works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]