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Numerous studies have investigated the risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, AD-risk factors related miRNAs were rarely reported. In this study, AD-risk factor related miRNAs of 105 Chinese individuals (45 AD patients and 60 cognitively normal controls) were investigated. The results showed that Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-20a-5p, and Hsa-miR-497-5p were related to AD and education, Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-181c-5p, Hsa-miR-664a-3p, Hsa-miR-27a-3p, Hsa-miR-451a, and Hsa-miR-320a were related to AD and depression. Target prediction of above miRNAs showed that these miRNAs were involved in the generation and clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), important molecules related to cognition, and disease-activated microglia response to AD. It is worth noting that Hsa-miR-185-5p was related to both education and depression, whose decreased expression pattern in AD patients was alleviated by education and enhanced by depression, and participates in Aβ generation and accumulation. Our results indicated that certain education and depression factors can contribute to AD progression by modulating miRNA expression, implying that preventive interventions might alter AD progression in Chinese patients.

Immune infiltration remains at a high level in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It has been confirmed that immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME) is intimately bound up with the progression and the clinical outcome of ccRCC. The prognostic model, developed based on different immune subtypes of ccRCC, has a predictive value in patients’ prognosis. RNA sequencing data, somatic mutation data of ccRCC and clinical information were acquired from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The key immune-related genes (IRGs) were selected and by univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Then the ccRCC prognostic model was developed. The applicability of this model was verified in the independent dataset GSE29609. Thirteen IRGs including CCL7, ATP6V1C2, ATP2B3, ELAVL2, SLC22A8, DPP6, EREG, SERPINA7, PAGE2B, ADCYAP1, ZNF560, MUC20, and ANKRD30A were finally selected and a 13-IRGs prognostic model was developed. Survival analysis demonstrated that when compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had a lower overall survival (p

Bone fracture is one of the most common injuries in the human musculoskeletal system. This study was performed to investigate the effects of celastrol on bone wound healing in rats. Bone wound models of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with low (10 μg/kg) and high (100 μg/kg) celastrol for 14 days. Serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents, bone mechanical properties, bone mineral density (BMD), and the levels of osteogenesis-related and inflammation-related proteins were assessed at the end of the experiments. Rats feeding with celastrol grew normally as control. Compared with model, celastrol administration significantly increased fracture strength, elastic load (0.12 vs 0.16 kg/m), bending energy (11.23 vs 14.23 n x mm), and BMD (0.49 vs 0.54 g/cm3), particularly at a high dose. Serum Ca (2.2 vs 2.7 mmol/L) and ALP (217.3 vs 245.8 IU/L) contents were significantly increased after a high dose celastrol administration, although P content did not change. Western blot analyses showed that OPG (0.72 vs 1.15) and COL-1 (0.20 vs 0.42) but not RUNX2 were upregulated significantly after celastrol administration, and IL-1α (0.82 vs 0.37), IL-6 (0.62 vs 0.28), MCP-1(0.68 vs 0.18), and VEGF (0.62 vs 0.42) were significantly downregulated, while IFN-γ was upregulated (0.29 vs 0.46). Our data demonstrate that celastrol effectively promotes the healing of bone wound in rats and may be further explored as a therapeutic agent to treat bone fracture.

The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a biomarker for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is routinely detected in clinical pathology department. However, the spatial heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in intrapulmonary tumors and extrapulmonary metastases is still a challenge for the clinical testing. This study aims to explore the differences of PD-L1 expression in test samples obtaining from different sites of NSCLC. This study may contribute to the detection strategy of PD-L1 in patients with advanced lung cancer.One hundred and thirty-one cases of consecutively detected PD-L1 (22c3 assay, Dako) staining in metastatic NSCLC and 972 cases of non-paired intrapulmonary NSCLC were collected. The discrepancies of tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 expression in intrapulmonary samples and extrapulmonary metastatic samples of different sites were compared.The positive expression rate of PD-L1 in extrapulmonary metastatic NSCLC (TPS ≥ 1%) was 61.83%, and the TPS was significantly higher than that in intrapulmonary tumors (P=0.03). The PD-L1 scores of the specimens obtained from different sites were significantly different (P=0.007). The positive rates of PD-L1 in liver and adrenal metastases were 85.71% and 77.78% respectively, and their TPS were significantly higher than that of the intrapulmonary samples (P0.05). The positive rates of PD-L1 in lymph node, bone, brain, soft tissue, and pleural metastases was 40.00%-66.67%, with no significant differences compared to intrapulmonary tumors. The analysis of histological subtype and sample type showed that the PD-L1 score of extrapulmonary samples of adenocarcinoma subtype or surgical specimen was significantly higher than that of intrapulmonary tumors. The analysis of clinicopathological parameters showed that the PD-L1 positive expression or high expression were significantly correlated with male patients, smoking history, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild type.The expression of PD-L1 in metastatic NSCLC is generally higher than that in intrapulmonary tumor, and the positive rate of PD-L1 expression was discrepant in different sites of specimen. The differences of PD-L1 score between extrapulmonary metastatic samples and intrapulmonary samples may be associated with different metastatic sites, histological subtype, and specimen type.【中文题目：非小细胞肺癌不同部位组织样本PD-L1 表达水平比较研究】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 程序性死亡配体1（programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1）作为非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）免疫治疗患者分层标志物已进入临床病理常规检测。然而PD-L1表达在肺内和肺外不同转移部位的空间异质性是困扰临床检测的难题。本研究旨在探讨NSCLC不同部位组织样本的PD-L1表达评分的差异，从而有助于晚期肺癌患者的PD-L1检测策略的制定。方法 回顾性收集PD-L1（22c3抗体，Dako）临床病理连续检测的131例肺外转移性NSCLC以及同期非配对肺内肿瘤972例进行对照分析，对比肺外与肺内肿瘤组织样本检测的PD-L1肿瘤阳性比例评分（tumor proportion score, TPS）差异。结果 肺外转移性NSCLC的PD-L1阳性表达率（TPS≥1%）为61.83%，TPS评分显著高于同期肺内肿瘤（P=0.03）。不同部位组织样本的PD-L1表达评分具有显著差异（P=0.007）。肝脏和肾上腺转移瘤的PD-L1阳性率高，分别为85.71%和77.78%，其TPS评分均显著高于肺内肿瘤（P0.05）。淋巴结、骨、脑、软组织和胸膜转移瘤的PD-L1表达率为40.00%-66.67%，TPS评分与肺内肿瘤无显著差异。组织学和样本类型分析显示，腺癌类型和手术切除的肺外样本PD-L1表达评分显著高于同类型肺内肿瘤。临床病理参数分析显示，PD-L1阳性表达和高表达均与患者男性、吸烟史以及表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）野生型显著相关。结论 肺外转移性NSCLC样本的PD-L1表达评分高于肺内肿瘤，且不同部位组织样本的PD-L1表达阳性率存在差异。肺外转移性肿瘤与肺内肿瘤的PD-L1检测差异可能与不同转移部位、组织学和样本类型相关。 】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；程序性死亡配体1；异质性；肿瘤阳性比例评分】.

Bone fracture is one of the most common injuries in the human musculoskeletal system. This study was performed to investigate the effects of celastrol on bone wound healing in rats. Bone wound models of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with low (10 μg/kg) and high (100 μg/kg) celastrol for 14 days. Serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents, bone mechanical properties, bone mineral density (BMD), and the levels of osteogenesis-related and inflammation-related proteins were assessed at the end of the experiments. Rats feeding with celastrol grew normally as control. Compared with model, celastrol administration significantly increased fracture strength, elastic load (0.12 vs 0.16 kg/m), bending energy (11.23 vs 14.23 n x mm), and BMD (0.49 vs 0.54 g/cm3), particularly at a high dose. Serum Ca (2.2 vs 2.7 mmol/L) and ALP (217.3 vs 245.8 IU/L) contents were significantly increased after a high dose celastrol administration, although P content did not change. Western blot analyses showed that OPG (0.72 vs 1.15) and COL-1 (0.20 vs 0.42) but not RUNX2 were upregulated significantly after celastrol administration, and IL-1α (0.82 vs 0.37), IL-6 (0.62 vs 0.28), MCP-1(0.68 vs 0.18), and VEGF (0.62 vs 0.42) were significantly downregulated, while IFN-γ was upregulated (0.29 vs 0.46). Our data demonstrate that celastrol effectively promotes the healing of bone wound in rats and may be further explored as a therapeutic agent to treat bone fracture.

Numerous studies have investigated the risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however, AD- risk factors related miRNAs were rarely reported. In this study, AD- risk factor related miRNAs of 119 Chinese individuals (47 AD patients and 62 cognitively normal controls) were investigated. The results showed that education, tea consumption, leisure activity, and social connection were low Body Mass Index (BMI), depression, and smoking were potentially risk factors for AD patients. Moreover, we screened exosome microRNAs (miRNAs) for the aforementioned lifestyle-related factors. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that our clinical observations were correlated with the miRNA expression profile for education, depression, leisure activity, and social connection. Furthermore, we predicted the targets of differentially expressed miRNAs and found that many of them were reported to be involved in the generation and clearance of Amyloid-beta (Aβ), important molecules related to cognition, and disease-activated microglia response to AD. Our results indicated that certain education and depression factors can contribute to AD progression by modulating miRNA expression, implying that preventive interventions might alter AD progression in Chinese patients.

Distant brand extension as an essential strategy of obtaining benefits was highly focused on the normal marketing practice and academic research. In the current study, we aim to recognize that how individuals with different levels of empathy respond to distant extensions under corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate competence (CC) associations to explore the corresponding neural mechanisms using event-related potentials (ERPs). We divided subjects into two groups involving a high empathy (HE) group and a low empathy (LE) group according to an empathy measure questionnaire. The subjects first faced a brand name following the CSR or CC association descriptions, and then, they were asked to evaluate the new product of brand by a five-point scale. Current results revealed that the participants of the HE group were more apt to accept the distant extension products than those of the LE group. Additionally, in the HE group, products from a brand with CSR associations were more acceptable than CC associations. Moreover, a larger N2 amplitude was elicited in the LE group than in the HE group. For the LE group, an augment N2 was found under CSR than CC associations, reflecting that LE consumers might perceive conflict when evaluating distant extensions and allocate more cognitive resources to deal with CSR information. At the later stage, the HE group showed a greater P3 than the LE group. For the HE group, an increased P3 was elicited under CSR than CC associations, suggesting that empathic individuals might show motivational salience and helping willingness toward distant extension products, especially under the CSR scenario. These results provide potential electrophysiological evidence for the positive impact of brand associations on the evaluation of distant brand extension in the case of subdividing different empathic individuals.

To evaluate the prognostic value of the percentage of high-grade patterns (micropapillary, solid, and complex glands) in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).A total of 1049 patients undergoing radical surgery with pathological T1-2N0M0 LUAD were screened retrospectively, and 191 patients were involved in the final analysis. Disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. The optimal cut-off value was determined using maximally selected rank statistics.The entire cohort was divided into quartile groups based on the percentage of high-grade patterns: Group 1 (≤ 30%), Group 2 (31-55%), Group 3 (56-85%), and Group 4 (≥ 86%). There were significant differences in smoking history (P = 0.041), EGFR mutations (P0.001), and ALK rearrangement (P = 0.010) between the four groups, but no significant differences in other clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that a higher percentage of high-grade patterns predicted worse DFS (P = 0.001), and multivariate analysis indicated that the percentage of high-grade patterns was an independent predictor (Group 2 vs. Group 1, HR = 2.136, P = 0.228; Group 3 vs. Group 1, HR = 3.355, P = 0.035; Group 4 vs. Group 1, HR = 5.147, P = 0.003, respectively). A cut-off value of 20% (P = 0.048) and 50% (P0.001) for high-grade patterns were tested, and both revealed a significant difference in distinguishing DFS between subgroups.The percentage of high-grade patterns is associated with the prognosis of early-stage invasive LUAD. A higher percentage indicates a worse prognosis.

Continental strike-slip shear zones that may bear important information about the evolution of convergent tectonics often occur to accommodate plate convergence. When and how shearing along the shear zones responds to plate interactions, however, are often debated. In this study, we investigated the Oligocene–Miocene leucocratic dikes from the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone, which was active during India-Eurasia plate convergence, to constrain the timing and mechanism of ductile shearing along the shear zone. The dikes are structurally grouped into pre-, syn-, and postkinematic types with respect to ductile shearing. Prekinematic dikes from ca. 41 to 30 Ma have low whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr(i) values (0.707–0.710), generally high εNd(t) values (–3.31∼–7.98), and variable εHf(t) values (–7.9∼+5.7). Their magma sources involved high thermal perturbation inducing partial melting of the lower crust, and contributions from the mantle that were possibly related to extensional collapse of the orogenic belt prior to tectonic extrusion of the Sundaland block. Syn- and postkinematic dikes from ca. 28 to 20 Ma dominantly have high whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.707–0.725) and low εNd(t) (–5.83 to –9.76) values, and either negative or positive zircon εHf(t) values (broadly in the range of –12 to + 7.6) for coeval but separate crustal magma sources. The results imply that major shearing accompanying retrograde metamorphism along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone was localized to crustal level. A synthesis of regional structural data suggests that Oligocene–Miocene shearing along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone and lateral tectonic extrusion of the Sundaland block proceeded in response to progressive India-Eurasia plate convergence. Distributed and inhomogeneous middle- to lower-crustal flow along the boundaries of and within the Sundaland block occurred during the tectonic extrusion.

In order to better understand how price and evaluation impact consumers' decision making, this research examined the neural bases underlying consumers' cognition of the two important clues when shopping online. An ERP experiment was conducted involving 19 Chinese students and the behavior data revealed that product price and evaluation significantly influenced their willingness to purchase mobile phones online, and the speed with which they made purchase decisions supported cue-diagnosis theory. Further, ERP results indicated three neural stages of decision-making: early automatic cognition with emotional valence and negativity bias effects elicited by product evaluation ratings, an evaluation stage exhibiting an attention, and a final stage featuring an evaluation-categorization pattern associated with pleasurable sensations. Specifically, those three neural stages of online decision-making were coded with corresponding event-related potentials in brain, that is, N1 and P2 in automatic cognition stage, P300 in evaluation phase, LPP in concluding phase. Hence, the research results reveal neurological effects of product price and evaluation on online purchases and deepen our comprehension of consumers' cognitive process.

The energy harvesting of a hydrokinetic turbine based on tandem flapping hydrofoils is investigated experimentally and numerically. The mechanisms with crankshafts and connecting rods are adopted to convert the oscillatory motions of the hydrofoils into rotary motions. The hind hydrofoil performs oscillatory motion in the vortex flow of the fore hydrofoil. The longitudinal spacing L x between the two hydrofoils is fixed while the phase difference e between the flapping motions of the two hydrofoils can be shifted from − π to π . The global phase shift Φ , which is the combination of L x , e and the Strouhal number S t , is adopted to describe the vortex interaction modes. The effects of S t and Φ on the energy harvesting have been tested. Experimental data show that the highest hydrodynamic efficiency of single hydrofoil is 25.2 % at S t = 0.235 . The optimum parameters for the energy harvesting of tandem hydrofoils have been found. The highest hydrodynamic efficiency is found at S t = 0.24 with Φ / 2 π ≈ 0.3 . Numerical simulations are performed to study the vortex interaction modes of these typical cases. The beneficial vortex pattern and the detrimental vortex pattern, which result in the highest and lowest efficiency of the turbine, have been investigated.

Aging is a primary risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). SIRT2, an NAD

Since few reports have mentioned the role of FOSL1 in the radiotherapy sensitivity of glioma, this study would dig deep into this aspect. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated by magnetic bead assay were identified by microscopy, qRT-PCR and western blot. The number of apoptotic cells was counted 72 h after X-ray irradiation to evaluate the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. The effects of radiotherapy, FOSL1 and miR-27a-5p on basic cell functions were detected by functional experiments. The expressions of FOSL1, apoptosis-related genes and miR-27a-5p were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot as needed. The differential expression of FOSL1 and the effect of miR-27a-5p on survival rate were analyzed using GEPIA and UALCAN, respectively. FOSL1 was found highly expressed in glioma cells and patients. The appearance of spherical cells and high expressions of CSC-related markers indicated the successful isolation of CSC-like cells. The increment of X-ray dose enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. Radiotherapy down-regulated cell viability and the expressions of FOSL1 and Bcl-2, but up-regulated cell apoptosis and the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, which could be partially reversed by overexpressed FOSL1 or further enhanced by shFOSL1. MiR-27a-5p was highly expressed in in patients with glioma, which was associated with poor prognosis, while shFOSL1-inhibited miR-27a-5p expression enhanced the sensitivity of glioma stem cells to radiotherapy. In vivo experiments further verified the results obtained from in vitro experiments. Silent FOSL1 strengthened the radiosensitivity of glioma by down-regulating miR-27a-5p.

To realize the quick compensation of the sag voltage by the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), reduce the influence on the sensitive load. This paper proposes a compound compensation based on pre-sag compensation and minimum energy compensation. Firstly, the compensation phasor diagrams of pre-sag compensation and minimum energy compensation are analyzed, and the respective output voltage and active power are obtained. Secondly, the working process of the compound compensation is explained, and the compensation phasor diagram and analytical formula are obtained. Finally, simulation and analysis results verify the effectiveness of the compensation strategy, which compensates voltage amplitude and phase, reduces energy loss, and improves voltage compensation time.

For this paper, an experiment of low-pressure Argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was conducted in a closed chamber. Obvious $E$ – $H$ mode transition could be observed in the experiment. To solve the problem that microwave interference diagnosis can only measure the average electron density along the transmission path of the microwave, a new microwave interference diagnosis method based on fluid dynamics modeling is put forward to gain an accurate distribution of electron density. Using this new method, the spatial resolution of electron density could be improved. Finally, the electron density of low-pressure ICP was diagnosed both with this method and the Langmuir probe. The results revealed that the electron density increased with power and the peak value reached $7.8\times 10^{17}\text{m}^{-3}$ at the radio frequency power of 700 W. The consistency in the distribution trend of electron density that resulted from two different methods illustrates that the new method can provide a relatively accurate spatial distribution detail of electron density. The electron temperature was measured via the Langmuir probe and the results show that the temperature declines with power.

The basis of plasma stealth technology is the attenuation of electromagnetic waves by plasma. In this study, the calculation principle of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is introduced and a FDTD time–space coupling model of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma is established. The time-domain variation characteristics of electromagnetic waves entering the plasma are analyzed. The plasma parameter distribution under different conditions obtained using the COMSOL fluid mechanics model is introduced into the FDTD model. The plasma reflectivity measurement experiment was carried out in a microwave anechoic chamber, and the influence of different experimental conditions on the plasma reflectivity was analyzed. The variation of reflectivity under different plasma parameter distributions is obtained. The results show that increasing electron density and plasma thickness and enhanced plasma distribution uniformity are beneficial for improving the attenuation effect of plasma on electromagnetic waves. These results provide a reference for the inductively coupled plasma parameter distribution in a closed quartz cavity, which provides a basis for the plasma to attenuate the electromagnetic waves.

Adding electronegative gas to the inert gas is an important means of adjusting the plasma parameter distribution. In this paper, a fluid model of the Ar/O 2 inductivly coupled plasma (ICP) is used to investigate the parameter distribution, while the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and the transport coefficients are obtained by the Boltzmann equation solver module to improve the accuracy. The spatial-temporal evolution of the electron density and the electron temperature of the ICP are obtained and the influence of the discharge power and the oxygen mole ratio on the distribution of the ICP parameters is compared. Additionally, the physical mechanism is researched using the diffusion-transport theory of the plasma. In order to verify the reliability of the model results, an experiment is carried out to diagnose the discharge parameters. The results of the simulation and the experiment are performed for different power and oxygen mole ratios and a good qualitative and numerical agreement is obtained, indicating that the inclusion of the simulation results in a high accuracy.

The Tuolai Group dominates the Central Qilian Terrane, and there are different opinions on the age and tectonic attribute of the Tuolai Group. Based on large-scale geologic mapping and zircon dating, the Tuolai Group is divided into four parts: metamorphic supracrustal rocks, Neoproterozoic acid intrusive rocks, early–middle Ordovician acid intrusive rocks and middle Ordovician basic intrusive rocks. The metamorphic supracrustal rocks are the redefined Tuolai complex-group and include gneiss and schist assemblage by faulting contact. Zircon U–Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS dating was conducted on these samples of gneiss and migmatite from the gneiss assemblage, quartzite, two-mica schist and slate from the schist assemblage. The five detrital samples possess similar age spectra; have detrital zircon U–Pb main peak ages of 1.7 Ga with youngest U–Pb ages of ~1150 Ma. They are intruded by Neoproterozoic acid intrusive rocks. Therefore, the Tuolai Group belonging to late Mesoproterozoic and early Neoproterozoic. With this caveat in mind, we believe that U–Pb detrital zircon dating, together with the geologic constraints obtained from this study and early work in the neighboring regions. We suggest that the formation age of the entire crystalline basement rocks of metasedimentary sequence from the Central Qilian Terrane should be constrained between the Late Mesoproterozoic and the Late Neoproterozoic, but not the previous Paleoproterozoic. The basement of the Central Qilian Terrane contains the typical Grenville ages, which indicates the Centre Qilian Terrane have been experienced the Grenville orogeny event.

In this letter, we investigated a new (2\(+\)1)-dimensional sine-Gordon equation. By the subsidiary ordinary differential equation method, some new explicit solutions are given. These solutions include hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric function solutions amongst others. In particular, a topological 1-soliton solution is derived.

A quartz sandwich inductively coupled plasma (ICP) stealth radome model was designed. The finite element method and Z-transformed time-domain finite difference (ZTFDTD) co-simulation method were used to establish the fluid model of ICP discharge. Based on the spatial distribution of electron density associated with electromagnetic scattering, a Z-transformed time-domain finite difference method model was established to calculate the wide-band backscattering of the quartz sandwich plasma stealth radome. The results show that the inductively coupled plasma can produce a higher density plasma, which can effectively reduce the radar cross section (RCS). The plasma electron density peak increases with the increase of air pressure, but the uniformity will also change. difference. When the air pressure is constant, as the power increases, the reflectivity develops toward the high frequency and multi-band trend, and the overall attenuation effect increases. When the power is constant, the attenuation effect first increases and then decreases with the increase of the air pressure.

In order to analyze the influence of the wake jet on the tail flow field during the take-off and landing phase of the aircraft, this paper uses Computational Fluid Dynamics technology, takes an aircraft as the research object, and uses the RANS equation, Realizable k-ε turbulence model and the Delaunay unstructured meshing method. The Roe discrete scheme is used to numerically simulate the wake field of the aircraft using the coupled implicit algorithm, which is divided into two conditions: wake jet and no wake jet. The simulation results show that there is a certain back pressure zone in the wake field of the aircraft, the gauge pressure range is -272∼1067 Pa, the pressure difference at the same position in the wake field area is small, the range is -240∼60 Pa, and the wake field pressure has little correlation with the wake jet, and there is no separation vortex under the two conditions. The simulation results verify the rationality and effectiveness of the simulation calculation, and provide a certain theoretical reference for the safe take-off and landing of the aircraft.

Biomass pyrolysis has become one of the promising technologies for fuel and fine chemical production. Cellulose constitutes the main body of plant biomass and may serve as a stereochemically pure reservoir to obtain active reagents for the synthesis of biologically active substances and structural units of valuable chemical substances. This study investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) and tin (Sn) modified mesoporous sieve R-MCM-41 (R: Cd or Sn) on the pyrolysis of cellulose via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The Si/R molar ratio of metal modified catalysts was between 100:1 and 10:1. TGA showed that Cd- and Sn-modified MCM-41 can effectively promote the degradation of cellulose, which was almost completely volatilized at 650 °C under the catalysis of Cd-MCM-41(50) and Sn-MCM-41(50). Py-GC/MS tests were carried out with different R-MCM-41s, reaction temperatures of 450 °C, 550 °C, and 650 °C, and the cellulose-to-catalyst ratios of 5:1, 1:1, and 1:5. The use of Sn-MCM-41 promoted the formation of glycolaldehyde and a limited amount of 1,2-cyclopentanedione and 5-methylfurfural. Cd-MCM-41 catalyzed pyrolysis produced higher levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one (LAC), 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1,2-cyclopentanedione, 3-methyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione, furfural, hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde, and butanone. When the pyrolysis temperature increased from 450 °C to 650 °C, the content of most small-molecule chemicals in the products increased by 1.8–4.1 times. When applying over-dosage of Cd-MCM-41(50) in the pyrolysis, anhydrosugars were completely degraded and dehydration/decarbonylation reactions were extensively enhanced, resulting in major products of butanone, furfural, and 5-methylfurfural. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed.

Four metamorphic massifs in southeastern Tibet – the Xuelong Shan (XLS), Diancang Shan (DCS), Ailao Shan (ALS) and Day Nui Con Voi (DNCV) – have been suggested to constitute coherent parts of the Ailao Shan-Red River (ASRR) shear zone. This study details the cooling/exhumation histories of the crustal-scale shear zone by determining the cooling paths of the ALS massif and comparing these paths to those of the DCS massif. We show that the different parts of the ALS massif have experienced two stages of diachronous cooling histories. The two cooling stages of the ALS massif, i.e., an early rapid cooling of ca. 45–715 °C/Myr and a late slow cooling of 10–17 °C/Myr, differ significantly from the cooling of the DCS massif along the same shear zone, which featured an early slow cooling of 11–17 °C/Myr and a late rapid cooling of 30–140 °C/Myr. This study confirms that differing cooling/exhumation histories exist along the same crustal-scale shear zone. From the contrasting cooling/exhumation histories, we would argue that the ALS and DCS massifs are isolated units with different tectono-thermal histories during the Oligo-Miocene tectonic evolution of southeastern Tibet.

The K-G model has better practicability and superiority than the E-μ model. Conventional triaxial tests of frozen sand samples were carried out at -10 C under confining pressures of 0.5 MPa, 1.0 MPa, 2.0 MPa, 4.0 MPa and 6.0 MPa. During the consolidation process, the samples behave an isobaric state. While the confining pressure σ3 is unchanged, axial pressure σ1 is gradually increased during the shearing process. The test results show that the volumetric strain increases nonlinearly with the increase of the volumetric stress in the isobaric state, showing a power function trend. An improved K-G model is proposed to describe strain softening of frozen sand during shear. The verification results show that the model has good applicability.

With a view to the potential application on stealth design of inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the simulation model of ICP scattering parameters was established by using COMSOL and ZT-FDTD method. Some detail of the interaction between electromagnetic wave and plasma in time domain which was difficult to be observed in experiment was revealed in the simulation. Wave source points composed of continuous reflection waves in the plasma were observed. The position of the wave source depends on the spatial distribution of the electron density peak. The influence of gas pressure (10 mTorr~1 Torr) and power (300~700 W) on attenuation efficiency was studied. The wave attenuation in plasma is characterized by band attenuation. The attenuation significantly improved with the increase of pressure and thickness monotonically. As the power increased, both the band width and amplitude of wave attenuation increased.

Setting the thickness and pressure for an absorbing plasma is difficult in plasma stealth engineering. In this study we established a numerical model of electromagnetic wave propagation in radiofrequency plasma using a z-transformed, finite-difference, time-domain method. We studied the effects of thickness and pressure on the reflectance, transmittance and attenuation of the plasma under three typical electron density distributions: uniform, axially symmetric and monotonic. The results show that the electron density distribution has a significant influence on the electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics. The attenuation effect reaches a maximum when the electron density is increased monotonically along the wave propagation direction. An increase in thickness can significantly increase the attenuation rate of the incident wave and reduce the transmittance, but has little effect on the reflectance. An increase in air pressure reduces the reflectance of the incident wave and increases the transmittance and the attenuation rate. However, once the air pressure exceeds a certain threshold, any further increase in air pressure will no longer enhance the attenuation rate.

This study contributes to empirical literature concerning the spatial evolution of industrial structure. We use the GIS technology and the deviation range method to analyze the spatial evolution of industrial structure in 11 cities in Hebei province in the year 2002 and 2010. Our empirical analysis indicates four major problems: the industrial layout is too concentrated, the optimization of industrial structure is relatively low, the industrial structure is similar and diseconomies of scale and the industrial structure are similar and diseconomies of scale. Then we give specific recommendations to the above problems. Finally we discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice and indicate avenues for future research.

The study bases on the peculiarity of the emergency events in the college life and the particular characters of the college students. We carry out the study by using the suitable new, which can induce emotion and the suitable respondent. The study divides into three parts. The first part is the study about the spread process of the emotion, we can get that the process developed in the order as “emotion sharing-emotional contagion-emotion sharing once again”. The second part is the study about the spread ways of the emotion, we can get that the intimacy and the trust can forecast the spread of the emotion. The third part is the study of the model building of interpersonal relationship, using the data we get from the survey. After the summarization, we give our conclusion in the end of the study.

Sentiment contagion is similar to an infectious disease that spreads in a crowd. In this study, we extend the proposed SOSa-SPSa model (susceptible-optimistic-susceptible and susceptible-pessimistic-susceptible) by considering the interaction between optimists and pessimists. Simulation results show that our model is reasonable and can better explain the entire contagion process by considering three groups of people. The recovery speed of pessimists has an obvious regulative effect on the number of pessimists and the possibility of optimists coming in contact with pessimists to be infected as pessimism plays a greater role than that of reverting to susceptibility. The number of pessimists is positively related to the possibility that optimists come in contact with pessimists to become pessimistic but is negatively related to the possibility of the other way around. When the speed of spontaneous generation is slow, the number of pessimists sharply increases. However, the increase is not so apparent when the speed of spontaneous generation reaches a certain number.

As the boundary between the Indochina and the South China blocks, the Ailao Shan-Red River (ASRR) shear zone underwent a sinistral strike-slip shearing which is characterized by ductile deformation structures along the Ailao Shan range. The timing issue of left-lateral shearing along the ASRR shear zone is of first-order importance in constraining the nature and regional significance of the shear zone. It has been, therefore, focused on by many previous studies, but debates still exist on the age of initiation and termination of shearing along the shear zone. In this paper, we dated 5 samples of granitic plutons (dykes) along the Ailao Shan shear zone. Zircon U–Pb ages of four sheared or partly sheared granitic rocks give ages of 30.9 ± 0.7, 36.6 ± 0.1, 25.9 ± 1.0 and 27.2 ± 0.2 Ma, respectively. An undeformed granitic dyke intruding mylonitic foliation gives crystallization age of 21.8 ± 1 Ma. The Th/U ratios of zircon grains from these rocks fall into two populations (0.17–1.01 and 0.07–0.08), reflecting magmatic and metamorphic origins of the zircons. Detailed structural and microstructural analysis reveals that the granitic intrusions are ascribed to pre-, syn- and post-shearing magmatisms. The zircon U–Pb ages of these granites provide constraints on timing of the initiation (later than 31 Ma from pre-shearing granitic plutons, but earlier than 27 Ma from syn-shearing granitic dykes) and termination (ca. 21 Ma from the post-shearing granitic dykes) of strong ductile left-lateral shearing, which is consistent with previous results on the Diancang Shan and Day Nui Con Voi massifs in the literature. We also conclude that the left-lateral shearing along the ASRR shear zone is the result of southeastward extrusion of the Indochina block during the Indian–Eurasian plate collision. Furthermore, the left-lateral shearing was accompanied by the ridge jump, postdating the opening, of the South China Sea.

The Diancangshan (DCS) metamorphic core complex (mcc) along the Red River Fault Zone (RRFZ) is an incomplete mcc composed of two units with distinct characteristics, i. e. a lower plate of amphibolite grade tectonites intruded by synkinematic monzogranite, and a greenschist grade detachment fault zone. Lower plate rocks possess high temperature (high- T ) structures and L or L>>S mylonites with left-lateral strike-slip shear sense. The detachment fault zone is a low temperature (low- T ) shear zone with top to the E to SE extensional shearing and has typical S-L mylonites with both shearing and flattening strains. Low- T tectonites also include several mylonitized porphyritic monzogranite intrusions in the lower plate. The mcc is juxtaposed by non-metamorphosed Mesozoic sedimentary rocks to the west, and cut by Quaternary faults in the east, presenting a Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentary basin along Er Hai Lake. Through structural analysis of the DCS mcc, together with the geochronological and paleomagnetic analysis of mcc's in contiguous areas, we would argue that the occurrence of mcc's in a fan-shaped area between the Red River fault zone and Sagaing fault zone in SE Asia is related to regional extension during Oligo-Miocene period. The extension is attributed to the differential rotation in the Indochina block, caused by the clockwise rotation and rollback of the obliquely subducting Indian plate since about 33 Ma.

This study recruited 148 lung cancer patients and 157 healthy Chinese individuals to evaluate the personality traits of Chinese lung cancer patients using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and to investigate the associations between these traits and the rs6090453C/G and rs6011914C/G polymorphisms of the neurotensin receptor 1 gene. The results demonstrated significant differences in the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire total and subscale scores between the 2 groups. Significant differences were found in the reward dependence 2 (RD2) score between the rs6090453C/G genotypes and in the total harm avoidance (HA), HA1, HA2, HA4, and RD2 scores between the rs6011914C/G genotypes. Thus, patients with lung cancer have specific personality traits, and variations in the neurotensin receptor 1 gene may be involved in the biological mechanisms of the HA and RD personality traits.

According to the shortcoming that traffic detector configuration is not considered in traffic flow prediction, this paper proposes an algorithm for short-term traffic flow prediction based on traffic sensor optimization with particle swarm optimization. The paper takes the minimum mean square prediction error as the objective function, selects suitable detectors with PSO algorithm, and predicts the short term traffic flow with wavelet neural network. The test results with America I-84 highway measured data show that the proposed algorithm can ensure the accuracy of short-term traffic flow prediction, the investment costs can be reduced effectively, and can provide the certain theory instruction for the optimal layout of traffic detector in highway engineering.

Collaborative CAD systems enabling collaboration in computer-aided design processes among distributed designers are gaining more and more attention. Yet, such systems, especially in support of collaborative assembly modeling, are hardly achievable. Targeting this gap, this paper addresses an Internet-enabled real-time collaborative assembly modeling system, named e-Assembly. This emerging system allows a group of geographically dispersed designers to jointly build an assembly model in real time over the Internet. In particular, this paper proposes a new assembly representation, called Collaborative Assembly Representation, for Internet-based collaborative assembly modeling. Also, collaborative assembly constraint satisfaction is addressed based on three coordination rules embedded in e-Assembly. Furthermore, the system architecture and realization of e-Assembly are provided. Finally, a prototypic implementation of e-Assembly is presented for demonstration and discussion.

Collaborative CAD systems enabling collaboration in computer-aided design processes among distributed designers are gaining more and more attention. Yet, such systems, especially in support of collaborative assembly modeling, are hardly achievable. In an effort to bridge this gap, we are dedicated to developing a collaborative CAD system with aim at 3D assembly modeling. As part of this effort, this paper addresses one function module of the system, a Web-based Product Structure Manager, which enables the Collaborative Product Structure Management (CPSM) in collaborative assembly modeling. In particular, CPSM facilitates product data sharing among distributed designers and supports collaboration in product structure creation and modification. A bench clamp assembly is used as an example to illustrate the Product Structure Manager for supporting collaborative assembly modeling.

Demand forecasting for port critical spare parts (CSP) is notoriously difficult as it is expensive, lumpy and intermittent with high variability. In this paper, some influential factors which have an effect on CSP consumption were proposed according to port CSP characteristics and historical data. And analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to sieve out the more influential factors. Combined with the influential factors, a least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) model optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) was developed to forecast the demand. And the effectiveness of the model is demonstrated through a real case study, which shows that the proposed model can forecast the demand of port CSP more accurately, and effectively reduce inventory backlog. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i5.3238

To investigate the grey correlation between psychological factors (personality, coping style and perceived social support) and adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and analyze the impact of various factors on the PTSD, we selected 120 outpatients of traffic accident from three-level of first-class hospitals in Shenyang, Liaoning province. All the patients were surveyed 90 days after the accidents for several questionnaires, including the PTSD checklist-civilian version (PCL-C), Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) for adult, coping style questionnaire and perceived social support scale (PSSS). Our study reveals that Personality, coping style and social support all have significant impact on PTSD, and that in these important factors, all dimensions' grey correlation with PTSD are ordered as immaturity, neuroticism, psychoticism, mixed type, friend support, extroversion, other supports, family support, lie and maturity from high to low.

This study recruited 148 lung cancer patients and 157 healthy Chinese individuals to evaluate the personality traits of Chinese lung cancer patients using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and to investigate the associations between these traits and the rs6090453C/G and rs6011914C/G polymorphisms of the neurotensin receptor 1 gene. The results demonstrated significant differences in the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire total and subscale scores between the 2 groups. Significant differences were found in the reward dependence 2 (RD2) score between the rs6090453C/G genotypes and in the total harm avoidance (HA), HA1, HA2, HA4, and RD2 scores between the rs6011914C/G genotypes. Thus, patients with lung cancer have specific personality traits, and variations in the neurotensin receptor 1 gene may be involved in the biological mechanisms of the HA and RD personality traits.

Online apparel consumption is becoming an indispensable consumer apparel buying patterns. Based on consumer purchase decision style theory and the technology acceptance model theory, using cluster analysis, structural equation model and other quantitative analysis tools, this paper try to find out how different decision-making styles making consumers behave different when they are shopping apparel online. The results show that there are three major purchasing decision style consumers, each type behave obviously different from the other two type of consumers. Finally, marketing strategies for online apparel are suggested.

In this work the multifractal spectrum features of micro-CT images were extracted and classified the features of multifractal spectrum using C4.5 decision trees which can help doctors to diagnose osteoporosis. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) allows for classical anatomical imaging well suited to the study of skeletal structures, and the multifractal spectrum can reflect the complex and self-similarity characteristic of structures. So we extracted the multifractal spectrum features of trabecular bone micro-CT images, and used C4.5 to classify. The results shown the proposed method has a higher accuracy, and this method adopted here could be a useful supplement to the clinical observations for osteoporosis diagnosis.

A broadband minimum variance distortionless response beamforming method based on time-domain signal is proposed for smart antenna, which constructs the complex weights using Hilbert transform and can obtain the stable optimum solution in short time period. The proposed algorithm has superior performance in a mobile communication system and is demonstrated through computer simulation.

In this paper, an intelligent optimal algorithm of generalized AR spectrum estimation (GAR) based on Particles Sward Optimum (PSO) is presented. After the model of GAR spectrum estimation suitable for numerical optimum is established using the error estimator in Burg algorithm, GAR algorithm is developed based on PSO. The results of its numerical simulation results are given and discussed. In contrast to Burg algorithm, GAR shows its better performance of spectrum estimation in the gain of ratio of signal to noise (SNR), frequency shift, spectrum splitting and frequency resolution at the cost of computational quantity.

In this paper, a broadband MVDR(minimum variance distortionless response) beamforming method based on time-domain (TMVDR) is presented Using TMVDR beamformer, stable sample matrix estimation could be obtained in short time period To obtain the stable optimum solution of TMVDR, a numerical searching method optimized by PSO algorithm with constrain condition is introduced Out-sea experiment show the performance of TMVDR beamformer applying PSO algorithm proposed in this paper.

To study the forward efficacy of lacrimal passage obstruction in different location treated by frequency-doubled YAG laser.The forward efficacy of obstruction at different lacrimal passage located in 66 eyes from 64 cases treated by frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser respectively were analyzed.The forward cure rate of stenosis of the puncta, dacryogogatresia, and common lacrimal duct stenosis is 100%, 94% and 89% respectively. As for dacryocystorhinostenosis, lower to 29%.Frequency-doubled YAG laser is more fit for puncta stenosis, dacryogogatresia and common lacrimal duct stenosis. Choosing the other treatment is suitable to dacryocystorhinostenosis which is accompanied by chronic dacyocystitis for YAG laser' s poor forward efficacy.

Collaborative assembly modeling has emerged as a stream of collaborative CAD research and development. Yet, it is still not clear how constraint satisfaction should be implemented in real-time collaborative assembly modeling, even though intensive research in geometric constraint satisfaction has been extensively conducted. To this end, this paper formally describes the constraint satisfaction problem in the context of real-time collaborative assembly modeling, and presents a method for the problem solving in support of collaborative assembly computation for constraint satisfaction. Overall, this method consists of a proposal of computing protocol and an incremental constraint satisfaction approach. In particular, the rule-based computing protocol is deliberately designed to safeguard model consistency via an incremental modeling sequence. Governed upon the computing protocol, a two-phase incremental constraint satisfaction approach of new contents is introduced to enhance computation efficiency in the multi-user involved modeling process. The proposed method has been incorporated into the implementation of an Internet-based real-time collaborative assembly modeling system.Copyright © 2004 by ASME