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The article presents information on how the change of ownership of the Oshkosh, Wisconsin-based newspaper "Oshkosh Northwestern," affected the quality of the paper. The "Oshkosh Northwestern," was one of the most successful newspapers in Wisconsin during the 1900s. In the fall of 1997 the two families that owned it brought in a team of consultants to upgrade the publication. The improvements set the stage for the paper to be sold three times in less than three years. The paper was first sold by its family owners to OgdenNewspapers Inc. on May 15, 1998. A little more than a month later in early July 1998 it was acquired by Thomson Corp. On July 21, 2000 the Northwestern became property of Gannett Co. Inc. The newspaper became demonstrably worse in the five years after its family owners sold it to a series of chains. With fewer reporters writing fewer local stories and generating less copy for the local section, circulation fell more than 4 percent from the time Gannett acquired the paper in 2000 through the end of 2002.

This paper explores the context of a Kindergarten team in a suburban P-3 school in Wisconsin developing literacy coaching support. Facing recent neoliberal accountability reforms that have greatly expanded teacher competition, dismantled teachers' unions, and added the role of the coach to the school, "confidence" is an issue that the coach and teachers struggle with as they seek to improve minority student achievement. Using a case study design and feminist sociological framework highlighting emotional labour, the affective economy, and the psychosocial possibilities of the work of Pierre Bourdieu , this research examines professional capital as a form of educators' experience. Ultimately, we see that the landscape of power and emotions is complex as it divides "good" and "bad" White and middle-class teachers. Possibilities for extending the uses of feminist sociological theory in early childhood literacy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Receiver Operating Characteristic curves have been widely used to represent the performance of diagnostic tests. The corresponding area under the curve, widely used to evaluate their performance quantitatively, has been criticized in several respects. Several proposals have been introduced to improve area under the curve by taking into account only specific regions of the Receiver Operating Characteristic space, that is, the plane to which Receiver Operating Characteristic curves belong. For instance, a region of interest can be delimited by setting specific thresholds for the true positive rate or the false positive rate. Different ways of setting the borders of the region of interest may result in completely different, even opposing, evaluations. In this paper, we present a method to define a region of interest in a rigorous and objective way, and compute a partial area under the curve that can be used to evaluate the performance of diagnostic tests. The method was originally conceived in the Software Engineering domain to evaluate the performance of methods that estimate the defectiveness of software modules. We compare this method with previous proposals. Our method allows the definition of regions of interest by setting acceptability thresholds on any kind of performance metric, and not just false positive rate and true positive rate: for instance, the region of interest can be determined by imposing that ϕ (also known as the Matthews Correlation Coefficient) is above a given threshold. We also show how to delimit the region of interest corresponding to acceptable costs, whenever the individual cost of false positives and false negatives is known. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by applying it to the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Data. We provide Python and R packages supporting the presented method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Assessment, Feedback, Incentives, and eXchange (AFIX) is a quality improvement model used to increase childhood and adolescent immunization rates in the United States. We evaluated implementation of a similar quality improvement model to boost adult immunization rates. Methods: During November 2016 through May 2017, adult immunization outreach specialists conducted 124 in-person visits to clinics in Wisconsin that immunize adults, submit immunization information to the Wisconsin Immunization Registry (WIR), and agreed to participate in adult AFIX. Outreach specialists ran immunization assessment reports using the WIR and showed a paper copy of the report during the visit. Health care providers were encouraged to implement at least 1 of 18 strategies (eg, reminder-and-recall intervention, giving adult immunization resources to patients) to increase adult immunization rates. Outreach specialists conducted follow-up with health care providers at 3, 6, and 9-18 months after the initial visit to encourage strategy implementation. We compared AFIX sites with control clinics on practice type, geographic location, and clinic size. Results: Clinics that participated in adult AFIX had a significantly larger increase in median adult immunization rates for completion of the human papillomavirus vaccine series at the 9- to 18-month follow-up than control clinics did (10.4% vs 7.7%; P =.02). The median immunization rate for 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine/23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine completed in series was higher, but not significantly so, among adult AFIX clinics than among control clinics (12.6% vs 10.7%; P =.18). Conclusions: Adult AFIX resulted in increased awareness about adult immunization recommendations and may be a useful tool for increasing adult immunization rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utility of communicating hazard vulnerability to the public through monuments and historical markers commemorating and describing past disasters is explored in this paper. A survey of county emergency management directors in Wisconsin focused upon their awareness of such monuments and their attitudes regarding the effectiveness of disaster markers and commemoration in communicating hazard risk to the public, both residents and visitors. Emergency managers held disparate views regarding the effectiveness of the markers among the public, although managers in counties with markers tended to hold a higher opinion of their effectiveness in communicating hazard risk and to be more willing to commemorate future disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the experience of four major public sector unions in Wisconsin since the passage of Wisconsin Act 10 in 2011. The four unions are the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), the American Federation of Teachers (AFT-Wisconsin), the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), and the Wisconsin Education Association Council (WEAC), an affiliate of the National Education Association. Wisconsin's prior legal framework for public sector collective bargaining is explained and compared to the new highly restrictive framework established by Act 10. That new framework, established by state legislation, is analyzed, as are its impacts on the membership, revenues, structures, and practices of the four unions. In general, we find the impacts to have been very dramatic, with a loss of active union membership averaging approximately 70 percent overall, and concomitant dramatic losses in union revenues and power. These shocks have engendered the restructuring of two of the unions examined, the downsizing of the third, and the de facto exiting from the state's public sector in another. There have also been significant changes in representation practices in one union, but less so in the others. We conclude by discussing best union practices based on this experience, as well as considering what the recent public sector union history in Wisconsin may portend for public worker union membership nationwide, since the issuing of the Janus Decision by the U.S. Supreme Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rapidly increasing costs of medication acquisition can pose a challenge for health-system pharmacy budgets. The impact of dose-rounding in a pediatric oncology population has not previously been well documented and a retrospective review was undertaken to quantify the potential cost benefits. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with an oncologic diagnosis was performed for cytotoxic agents, asparaginase products, and biotherapy administered between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017. In the analysis, orders that could be rounded down to the nearest vial size by 5 or 10% were included. Medication pricing information was based on wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) and was provided by the Department of Pharmacy. Cost savings per medication were determined by multiplying the WAC of the medication by the number of vials saved. Results: Over a 4-year span, 347 patients were evaluated and 552 out of a possible 3110 orders (17.7%) met criteria for a theoretical cost savings of approximately $1,126,000 (∼$3200 per patient). Rounding down doses by up to 5% resulted in a potential savings of about $529,000. When rounding was extended to 5–10% of the originally ordered dose, an additional $597,000 of approximate cost savings could have been realized. The medications with the largest impact on cost savings were rituximab, pegaspargase, and erwinia asparaginase. Conclusions: For pediatric oncology patients, there exists a unique potential cost savings opportunity if doses are rounded down within 5 or 10% of the originally ordered weight-based or body surface area-calculated dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer has steadily risen over the years owing to changes in lifestyle and environment. Presently, breast cancer is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths among women, making it a crucial global public health concern. Thus, the creation of an automated diagnostic system for breast cancer bears great importance in the medical community. Objectives: This study analyses the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset and develops a machine learning algorithm for accurately classifying breast cancer as benign or malignant. Methods: Our research is a retrospective study, and the main purpose is to develop a high-precision classification algorithm for benign and malignant breast cancer. To achieve this, we first preprocessed the dataset using standard techniques such as feature scaling and handling missing values. We assessed the normality of the data distribution initially, after which we opted for Spearman correlation analysis to examine the relationship between the feature subset data and the labeled data, considering the normality test results. We subsequently employed the Wilcoxon rank sum test to investigate the dissimilarities in distribution among various breast cancer feature data. We constructed the feature subset based on statistical results and trained 7 machine learning algorithms, specifically the decision tree, stochastic gradient descent algorithm, random forest algorithm, support vector machine algorithm, logistics algorithm, and AdaBoost algorithm. Results: The results of the evaluation indicated that the AdaBoost-Logistic algorithm achieved an accuracy of 99.12%, outperforming the other 6 algorithms and previous techniques. Conclusion: The constructed AdaBoost-Logistic algorithm exhibits significant precision with the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset, achieving commendable classification performance for both benign and malignant breast cancer cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research assesses the challenges facing rural local governments, impediments to addressing them, and the extent to which rural local governments would benefit from additional revenues, management capacity, or partnerships. Using survey data from rural local governments in Wisconsin, findings indicate longstanding problems related to revenue limitations, management capacity, and service delivery remain, but there are also significant concerns about high-speed internet access, affordable housing, and substance abuse. Impediments to addressing challenges include financial limitations, reduced state support, and declining community involvement. Obtaining additional revenues and partnerships with other, nearby local governments were viewed as the most helpful methods to address community challenges. Overall, the results update and expand on existing research on the challenges facing rural local communities, and further highlight the need for additional research on this specific subset of local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents findings of a study on the effects of sick leave policy on teacher absenteeism in California and Wisconsin. The researchers found that three sick leave policy variables influence absenteeism among school teachers, while income protection plans result in higher short-term absenteeism. By requiring the teacher to report after every absence reduces short-term absenteeism. The decision of school districts to adopt sick leave policies depend on the costs and benefits of these policies, which are likely to vary widely among schools.

This article examines the experiences of the Wisconsin State AFL-CIO and its leadership in developing and advancing a long term strategy to resolve what has become a primary collective bargaining problem: maintaining employer-based health care coverage that is both sufficient and affordable to workers, within the context of the ongoing crisis in costs inherent in the American system of privatized and fragmented health insurance. The paper explores the unique solution that has been proposed in Wisconsin: a modified single-payer plan, under the auspices of the state, but with a union-management oversight commission, and a partnership between state government and private health care providers. The solution is assessed in terms of its political viability and the extent to which it might serve as a model for healthcare reform elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the coverage of ten Wisconsin newspapers on women's suffrage between 1911-1919. Factors that influenced the coverage; Relation of newspaper's coverage to methods of news gathering; Sources of various suffrage items.

In 2015, Wisconsin began mandating the ACT college entrance exam and the WorkKeys career readiness assessment. With population-level data and several quasi-experimental designs, we assess how this policy affected college attendance. We estimate a positive policy effect for middle/high-income students, no effect for low-income students, and greater effects at high schools that had lower ACT participation before the policy. We further find little evidence that being deemed college-ready by one's ACT scores or career-ready by one's WorkKeys scores affects college attendance probabilities. Pragmatically, the findings highlight the policy's excellence and equity consequences, which are complex given that the policy has principally helped advantaged students. Theoretically, the findings shed light on students' (dis)inclinations to update educational beliefs in light of new signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript examines how a shared sociospatial or "rural" identity may uniquely facilitate mental health care delivery. In particular, we consider the significant but largely unexplored role that domestic violence center staff, whom we term "Reputational Provider-Experts" or RPEs, play in addressing the mental health needs of rural women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Using data collected through semi-structured individual and focus group interviews with RPEs across 12 counties and four tribal reservations in northern Wisconsin (N = 15), we detail the sociospatial commonalities that enable RPEs to provide trusted, sustained mental health support to rural women. Because these advocates are rural community members whose approach implicitly appeals to local norms and values, we argue that they represent rurally concordant providers. In this way, rurality emerges as a meaningful and novel form of patient-provider concordance, one with critical relevance to addressing the rural mental health crisis in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Context: The lack of court-ordered support for race-based policies that maintain and create integrated schools has forced communities of color to seek other avenues to obtain equitable education, such as school choice. Individual states and the federal government, as seen in grant provisions through the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, are encouraging the expansion of choice at the very time that options for increasing student diversity, particularly racial diversity, are being narrowed by the courts. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: The article uses critical race theory to examine the outcomes of specific school reforms, based on market theory models of school choice, that were designed to alleviate schooling inequities in urban districts. Setting: The context of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, serves as a microcosm of urban districts that have embraced school choice to create more equitable schooling options. Milwaukee, like most metropolitan areas, has a history of court-ordered desegregation that served as a temporary solution to racially segregated schools. Given the federal and district court turn from supporting race-based desegregation policies in schools, Milwaukee and other metropolitan districts are looking for new models to serve students of color in their districts and cities. Research Design: This article is a conceptual paper that incorporates data from a variety of sources to support the authors' conclusions. Data Collection and Analysis: Data for this project were taken from the U.S. Census Bureau, documents from newly created small high schools, such as Web sites and curriculum designs; current newspaper articles discussing issues of small high schools; archival newspaper articles documenting the creation of the 1990 choice and charter programs; professional experiences as a member of the Bill and Melinda Gates institutional selection and small-school team support system; and an empirical study that documents teachers' attempts to provide curriculum and instruction in newly created small schools. Conclusions/Recommendations: In combination, these data sources tell the story of market theory reforms that will continue to struggle to meet reformists' goals to serve all Milwaukee populations so long as policy makers and the courts continue to deny the irrefutable power that race and class exercise in parental choice in U.S. urban schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic modes of political economic regulation impact provision for the parks system in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Green spaces during Milwaukee's first liberal era consisted mostly of private properties accessible only to the city's elite and/or to those willing to pay a fee to drink in its boisterous bier garlens. Collective open space investment at the turn of the 19th century signaled the beginning of a second, decades-long era of Keynesian state provision for parks. A steady decline in that investment for Milwaukee's parks since the 1980s has provided the context for a set of new, yet seemingly liberalized governance experiments to emerge from the now defunct managerialist system. In this paper I employ regulation and regime theories in conjunction with thirty-six in-depth inter- views to argue that these new parks experiments hail the beginning of a third era in parks provision. The new era is marked by an apparently neoliberal shift in regulation for open space on the basis of state actions to market public parks provision to a multiplicity of private actors. It is different from the first liberal era because the state withdraws its fiscal commitment to parks but still employs them to continue its active role in environmental and-by extension-social regulation. A multiplicity of local parks governances are promoted in the name of environmental citizenship but are problematic because they form new and localized geographies of social reproductive discipline in the benevolent rhetoric of responsibility, choice, and empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many communities have switched to single stream recycling in the past several years. At the same time, there has also been an increase in the number of communities using an automated collection system, with these program changes often being implemented simultaneously. We conduct a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey to estimate consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for the combined switch to automated collection of solid waste with single stream recycling in Madison, Wisconsin. We find a mean WTP of approximately $3 per household per month, suggesting that on average, consumers perceive the new program to be beneficial. We then perform a benefit-cost analysis where the most conservative calculation yields an annual net benefit of almost $25 per household from moving to single stream recycling with automated collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines efforts to improve water quality in the Fox- Wolf River basin in northeastern Wisconsin. It places the history of these efforts within the context of sustainability-based environmental policy, including reliance on broadly inclusive stakeholder involvement and collaborative decision making. Water quality in the area has improved significantly over time, but further improvement will require intensive actions focused on nonpoint sources of pollution and remediation of con- taminated sediments. The barriers to such actions require consideration of new policy approaches that can complement conventional regulation. A review of the promise and limitations of collaborative decision making indicates what can be done both in this case and in comparable locations around the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors conduct a survey to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the switch to automated collection of solid waste with single stream recycling in Madison, Wisconsin. Because many respondents were unwilling to vote in favor of the new program at no additional cost, the authors examine the factors leading to this result. Study results indicate the probability of supporting the new program was lower for those older than age 50 years and for those who stated that sorting recyclables in the current system was convenient; individuals who identified with either the Democratic or Green Party were more likely to support the proposal. We believe the majority of "no" responses to this voting question are not protesting bids and, therefore, represent a true zero WTR. In addition, the authors believe city officials could have done more to influence the public`s perception of the new program in their effort to facilitate this change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applied projects are required of all students in accredited Certified Public Manager (CPM) Programs. This paper tracks the implementation of applied projects in Wisconsin. It identifies barriers to successful implementation, as well as implemented projects' value to the students, their organizations and the educational programs that require the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has been shown to enhance daily activities, increase participation in individualized planning and supports, and accommodate the transition needs of students with disabilities. This study examined the benefits and challenges regarding technology use when providing transition services for youth and families receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits. Specifically, it explored the nuances of employing technology to encourage engagement in Wisconsin Promoting the Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (WI PROMISE) services and foster communication between counselors and participants. This qualitative study used a constant comparative method for analyzing data collected through two focus groups of WI PROMISE counselors. Counselors identified technology as essential to maintaining contact with WI PROMISE participants as well as extant barriers including inconsistent access to the internet, financial expense, and insufficient training and support. Recommendations for using technology to communicate with transition-age youth and their families will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of transitioning into adulthood is a critical phase in life. The navigation of government benefits adds further complexity that can affect employment outcomes for youth with disabilities. Some individuals hesitate to work out of fear to losing access to monetary, disability, and related health care benefits. However, using available work incentives while pursuing employment and career paths can provide opportunities to work and address poverty without forgoing needed services. The Wisconsin Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE) research grant aimed to positively change youth readiness to work through the use of Motivational Interviewing, work incentive benefits counseling, financial capability building, shifting expectations, and help in navigating transition resources. To measure the impact on readiness to work, 126 transition-age youth receiving supplemental security income (SSI), 188 of their family members, and 411 Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (DVR) counselors working with the youth and families completed a modified Stages of Change Scale survey. Results indicated that youths' work readiness and positive feelings about work significantly increased from baseline to follow-up, along with an increase in employment rates. The implications of these findings highlight the utility of incorporating the stages of change theory into the design and implementation of services and supports to increase work readiness for youth with disabilities in transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-agency data systems can improve data-based decision making across service systems. The Promoting the Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE) federal research demonstration projects required inter-agency collaboration to provide needed support to youth receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and their families. Wisconsin PROMISE built a system that gathered data from multiple agencies and provided a holistic picture of participants for use in evidence-based decision making. The inter-agency management information system (MIS) supported both formative evaluation of operational activities and short- and long-term impact analyses. Wisconsin PROMISE provided services and collected participant data using information technology (IT) systems distributed across eight different state agencies and multiple divisions within those organizations. The framework implemented for the Wisconsin MIS met the project objectives for an interorganizational data system and addressed the inherent challenges of collecting interorganizational data. The MIS was used for sharing data for both service delivery and research, while providing insight into the effectiveness of PROMISE project initiatives and all agencies serving the individual and their families. The purpose of this article is to share an example of how a MIS was built so others can replicate and/or use lesson learned to build something similar for their own purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we use data collected from Wisconsin superintendents to determine the extent to which the curtailing of collective bargaining facilitated local public management reform adoption. The results show the near elimination of collective bargaining did spur substantial reform adoption in areas of performance pay and recruitment, and that longer serving superintendents and those with partisan ideologies were more likely to adopt management reforms. However, the results also indicate that curtailing collective bargaining appeared to hurt employee morale and made it more difficult to recruit and retain quality teachers. The results contribute to the public human resource literature by providing a real life case study of how public management practices change when collective bargaining is eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considers the activities of Center on Wisconsin Strategy (COWS) in the field of regional development. Initiatives taken by COWS towards local economic development; Agenda of COWS; Lessons that can be learnt from the COWS experience.

We identify the factors correlated with the use of economic development incentives after the Great Recession of 2007–2009 to determine the presence of entrepreneurial development regimes. We utilize a unique dataset that combines information on incentives (tax increment financing districts and selected tax abatements and business assistance) with economic, fiscal, and political characteristics for all municipalities in the largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. These three states bordering Lake Michigan share similar histories and settings, thus targeting the research focus on the key attributes of interest. Our empirical results demonstrate substantial dissimilarity between incentive types and across states, most likely due to policy structures and reforms at the state level that encourage different municipal development regimes. Whereas municipalities, particularly larger ones, continue to use tax abatements, exemptions, and credits to pursue employment growth, the municipalities gravitating toward tax increment financing tend to be suburbs with low unemployment rates and relatively highly educated residents, and not places with greater employment density or manufacturing employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of medical education courses and symposiums to be held in the year 1990. The symposium "The Heart of Cardiology is Noninvasive" is scheduled on April, 20-21, 1990 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This symposium is designed to provide the clinician with a comprehensive updated tutorial on echocardiographic techniques in cardiovascular assessment. "Killingbeck Cardiovascular II" is a 3-day course for radiologists, cardiologists and vascular surgeons featuring lectures, preferred papers and live televised demonstration of new interventional cardiovascular techniques.

The article presents information about various short-term medical courses. The symposium titled "The Heart of Cardiology is Noninvasive," is designed to provide the clinician with a comprehensive updated tutorial on echocardiographic techniques in cardiovascular assessment at Milwaukee, Wisconsin from April 20 to April 21, 1990; Killingbeck cardiovascular II is a 3-day course for Radiologists, Cardiologists and Vascular Surgeons featuring lectures, preferred papers and live televised demonstration of new interventional cardiovascular techniques at Leeds, England from July 11 to July 13, 1990.

A certain social-political geography recurs across European and North American societies: As post-industrialization and mechanization of agriculture have disrupted economies, rural and nonmetropolitan areas are aging and declining in population, leading to widening political and cultural gaps between metropolitan and rural communities. Yet political communication research tends to focus on national or cross-national levels, often emphasizing networked digital media and an implicitly global information order. We contend that geographic place still provides a powerful grounding for individuals' lifeworld experiences, identities, and orientations to political communications and politics. Focusing on the U.S. state of Wisconsin, and presenting data gathered in 2018, this study demonstrates significant, though often small, differences between geographic locations in terms of their patterns of media consumption, political talk, and anti-elite attitudes. Importantly, television news continues to play a major role in citizens' repertoires across locations, suggesting we must continue to pay attention to this broadcast medium. Residents of more metropolitan communities consume significantly more national and international news from prestige sources such as the New York Times, and their talk networks are more cleanly sorted by partisanship. Running against common stereotypes of news media use, residents of small towns and rural areas consume no more conservative media than other citizens, even without controlling for partisanship. Our theoretical model and empirical results call for further attention to the intersections of place and politics in understanding news consumption behaviors and the meanings citizens draw from media content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) were designed to curb opioid misuse and diversion by tracking scheduled medications prescribed by medical providers and dispensed by pharmacies. The effects of PDMPs on opioid prescription, misuse and overdose rates have been mixed due in part to variability in states' PDMPs and difficulties measuring this complexity, and a lack of attention to implementation and enforcement of PDMP components. The current study uses qualitative interviews with key informants from 3 states with different PDMPs, Connecticut, Kentucky and Wisconsin to explore differences in the characteristics of the PDMPs in each state; how they are implemented, monitored and enforced; and unintended negative consequences of these programs. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with key informants from each state representing the following sectors: PDMP and pain clinic regulation agencies, Medicaid programs, state licensing boards, pharmacies, emergency medicine departments, pain management clinics, first responders, drug courts, drug treatment programs, medication assisted treatment (MAT) providers, and harm reduction organizations. Interview guides explored participants' experiences with and opinions of PDMPs according to their roles. Data analysis was conducted using a collaborative, constant comparison method. Results: While all 3 states had mandated registration and reporting requirements, the states differed in the implementation and enforcement of these and the extent to which provider prescribing was monitored. These, in turn, influenced how medical providers perceived the PDMP and changed how providers prescribed opioids. Unintended consequences of state PDMPs included under-prescribing for pain and "dumping" patients who were long term users of opioids or who had developed opioid use disorders and may explain the increase in illicit heroin or opioid use. Conclusion: State PDMPs with similar mandates may differ greatly in implementation and enforcement. These differences are important to consider when determining the effects of PDMPs on opioid misuse and overdose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a context dominated by the seemingly paradoxical juxtaposition of gentrification and abandonment in New York City during the early 1980s, Peter Marcuse developed an influential typology of displacement that can be conceptualized as a movement from the most readily observable forms of "last-resident" displacement to increasingly less measurable forms of "exclusionary displacement" and "displacement pressure." While the typology depends heavily on the explanatory frame of demographic transition and the movement out of space, Marcuse also included the possibility of a contradictory form of "chain displacement" that often occurs in non- and/or pregentrification spaces without demographic change. Using geocoded data from 16 years of eviction records in Dane County Wisconsin, this research not only demonstrates the existence of chain displacement within specific neighborhoods, but also exposes sites of "multiple eviction" that combine with forms of disadvantage and relative demographic "stability" rather than patterns more characteristic of gentrification processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the transmission of family values, work and welfare among poor urban Black women in the U.S. In this paper, the authors present findings about the dynamic interaction among family values, family transmission processes, and young people's attitudes and behavior regarding both work and welfare, a dual focus that is seldom seen in research about occupational attainment. The authors examine the values about work and welfare and their transmission in relation to work status and perceptions of future work among a group of 50 poor Black women aged 15 to 23 from inner-city Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The findings of the authors indicate both that and how the intra-familial value transmission processes are important to the economic lives of young adults. These findings provide direct support for the expansion rather than reduction of economic and social welfare policies and related programs that will maximize the abilities of all family members to contribute to social capital development.

This paper extends and modifies the Sewell and Hauser (1975) analysis of annual earnings cross-sections of male Wisconsin high school graduates through the 14th year following high school graduation. In the first part of the analysis, we estimate a simple recursive model of earnings attainment (including social background, mental ability, and post-secondary educational attainment) for annual earnings cross-sections for the years 1965 to 1971 (8 to 14 years after high school). We find that the degree and manner in which the variables in our model influence earnings vary across annual cross-sections. In the second part of the analysis, we shift earnings profiles to allow for the assessment of the returns to schooling net of work experience. The results of the "experience controlled" analysis suggest that (1) the economic returns to post-secondary schooling are approximately 10 percent per year if a bachelor's degree is obtained and approximately 6 percent per year if a bachelor's degree is not obtained, and (2) the economic returns to post-secondary schooling are quite constant across experience levels. Bias in the estimation of economic returns to schooling and interactions between the effects of ability and other variables on earnings are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the 30th Annual Midwest Nursing Research Society conference which will be held on March 31 to April 3, 2006 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The conference is hosted by a number of schools including Marquette University, University of Wisconsin-Madison and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Students placed in special education programs for emotional and behavioral disorders with emotional disturbance (ED) identification have academic outcomes that lag both students in regular and special education. This issue is especially important for youth attending urban schools. Although prior research has examined students identified as ED, little research has examined how students who experience de-identification fare with regard to academic or behavioral outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between ED de-identification and student outcomes in the United States. The study uses longitudinal, administrative data to estimate the relationship between special education de-identification from ED and both academic and school discipline outcomes. Results of regression models with a variety of fixed effects, including student fixed effects, suggest that students who are de-identified have higher academic achievement after de-identification and a lower probability of experiencing an in-school suspension (ISS). Results for out-of-school suspension (OSS) are mixed. The results suggest that appropriately timed exit from special education services for students with ED who have been determined by individualized education program (IEP) teams to be suitable for de-identification is unlikely to harm students academically but that extra attention to OSS may be needed. The results point to the need for more attention to de-identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study assessed the impact of the Nia Imani model of care on homeless African-American women, many of whom abused drugs, experienced interpersonal violence, and faced other challenges when seeking to improve their lives and health. Nia Imani Family, Inc., is Milwaukee, Wisconsin's, only long-term transitional living facility. Grounded in Black feminist thought, our study included focus group interviews with 39 women who had lived at Nia Imani, and successfully completed its programs; and one individual interview with the founder, who had also experienced homelessness (N=40). Themes were identified through thematic analysis, and included the following: crucial social support, learning self-worth, stability and structure, appreciation for strict rules, and importance of parenting and financial literacy classes. To ensure effective interventions, there is a need for nurses to understand how community-based and community-led programs, like Nia Imani, impact the health and well-being of African-American women, who have experienced homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe user-centered voting systems that would support the safe conduct of voting in a pandemic environment. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has complicated our democratic processes. Voters and poll workers feel threatened by the potential dangers of voting in business-as-usual polling stations. Indeed, significant problems were encountered in the recent 2020 primary elections in Wisconsin, where the National Guard had to be mobilized because so few poll workers reported to work, and more than 90% of polling places had to remain closed. Method: We describe a number of possible user-centered solutions that would help protect voters and poll workers in times of pandemic, and also report the results of a survey that asked voters and poll workers about what kinds of systems might make them willing to vote. Results: Political as well as safety considerations will need to be considered as these safer voting solutions are designed since, surprisingly, the kinds of solutions preferred depend on the political affiliation of the voters. Conclusion: Human factors professionals have a large role to play in realizing the safe, successful implementation of these user-centered systems. Good human factors analysis can help minimize the risk to voters and poll workers. Moreover, human factors methods can help safeguard democracy by creating safe and well-engineered environments that are conducive to voting in the age of pandemics. Application: Creating safe and effective voting solutions that protect voters and poll workers during pandemic outbreaks is crucial to the preservation of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the Great Recession, austerity programs and restrictions on the public sector were introduced worldwide. In this article, I ask how and why labor coalitions in two states used differing organizational structures to respond to "shock politics" that severely restricted public-sector unions in 2011. I find the availability or lack of a citizen-initiated veto referendum shaped but did not completely explain differences in strategic choices between unions in Wisconsin and Ohio. Rather, tensions among allies and lack of time for strategic planning also contributed to a nonhierarchical coalition in Wisconsin, while Ohio unions had ample time to create a bureaucratic coalition and plan a successful veto referendum campaign. I argue that given sufficient time to respond to political threats, hierarchical organizations can promote efficient, effective deployment of some political tactics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIDS service organizations have played a vital role in responding to the HIV epidemic, yet many are plagued by an underrepresentation of racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities in leadership positions. In response, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, HIV Division, created the Wisconsin Health Leaders Fellowship program to provide training and skills to gay and bisexual men of color in HIV service organizations in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The program was evaluated using in-depth pre- and post-Fellowship interviews with fellows, their agency preceptors, and Fellowship staff (n = 23 interviews). Results indicate that the Fellowship was successful at developing leadership skills and increasing the confidence of the fellows. However, findings revealed the need to address larger social and structural issues alongside supporting individuals in order to create effective, sustainable change. There is a need for cultural diversity trainings for organizational leaders, changes to organizational hiring and promotion practices, and improving opportunities for formal education for racial and ethnic minority men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the first archives to begin collecting in the area of film, radio, television and theatre, the WCFTR recently launched its Featured Collections digital exhibit as an experiment in bringing its collections to wider public view through scholarly contextualisation and digitised selections from print, film and video materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information related to the 30th Annual Midwest Nursing Research Society Conference held from March 31 to April 4, 2006 at the Hilton Milwaukee City Center in Wisconsin. The theme of the conference is "Linking Research and Practice: A Roadmap for the Future." The event features a number of special event to mark its thirty years in existence.

The article offers information related to Wisconsin Promoting the Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income demonstration project, one of PROMISE grants, provided interagency family case management support and youth-centered pre-employment transition services to promote economic independence aimed at increasing youth and family member welfare. It mentions that such projects tested the impact of the provision and coordination of services and supports for youth.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine whether demographic and disability variables predict total health care expenditure of Wisconsin PROMISE. The findings are intended to assist in promoting cost-effectiveness for future similar initiates. This study data were extracted from Wisconsin PROMISE data set. This study had a total of 1,443 youth with disabilities (M age = 14.89). The majority of participants were male (69%). Our results indicated that some demographic and disability–related characteristics are associated with total health care expenditure in control with VR case during PROMISE, control without VR case during PROMISE, and treatment group. Overall, findings of the current study suggest demographic and disability variables do assist in predicting total health care expenditure of Wisconsin PROMISE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study sought to assess the current awareness, knowledge, and behavior regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD) association among a convenience sample of patients from a large Wisconsin-based integrated medical-dental health care organization serving largely rurally based communities. An anonymous 10-question survey was distributed at regional medical and dental centers of dental and medical clinics of a single health care institution over a 4-week period, to achieve a cross-sectional sampling of patients aged 18 to 80 years. Among 946 respondents, 616 were female. Patient-reported periodicity for dental visits was highest between 6 months and 1 year (56.4%). Respondents reporting "poor-fair" knowledgeability surrounding DM–PD association correlated with highest interest in learning more about DM–PD relationship (p <.0001). While over 80% of respondents correctly answered questions about gum disease symptomology and contribution of oral health practices on diabetes prevention, only 51% knew that PD affected blood sugar control. Willingness to comply with medical screening conducted by dental providers for diseases affecting oral health was indicated by 44% of respondents (p <.0001). Study results indicated that knowledgeability levels among patients surrounding the effect of PD on DM needed improvement. Strategic educational interventions targeting improved health literacy among patients may further promote prevention of DM–PD complications. Health literacy gaps remain to be addressed in patient understanding of the importance of detecting and managing dysglycemia for maintenance of periodontal health, creating opportunities for patient education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sport-related concussion (SRC) has been associated with cognitive impairment, depression, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. American football is the most popular sport among males in the United States and has one of the highest concussion rates among high school sports. Measured head impacts and concussions are approximately 4 times more common in contact practices compared with noncontact practices. The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association passed new rules defining and limiting contact during practice before the 2014 football season. Purpose: To determine if the SRC rate is lower after a rule change that limited the amount and duration of full-contact activities during high school football practice sessions. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 2081 high school football athletes enrolled and participated in the study in 2012-2013 (before the rule change), and 945 players participated in the study in 2014 (after the rule change). Players self-reported previous concussion and demographic information. Athletic trainers recorded athlete exposures (AEs), concussion incidence, and days lost for each SRC. Chi-square tests were used to compare the incidence of SRC in prerule 2012-2013 seasons with the incidence in the postrule 2014 season. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to determine differences in days lost because of SRC. Results: A total of 67 players (7.1%) sustained 70 SRCs in 2014. The overall rate of SRC per 1000 AEs was 1.28 in 2014 as compared with 1.58 in 2012-2013 (P =.139). The rate of SRC sustained overall in practice was significantly lower (P =.003) after the rule change in 2014 (15 SRCs, 0.33 per 1000 AEs) as compared with prerule 2012-2013 (86 SRCs, 0.76 per 1000 AEs). There was no difference (P =.999) in the rate of SRC sustained in games before (5.81 per 1000 AEs) and after (5.74 per 1000 AEs) the rule change. There was no difference (P =.967) in days lost from SRC before (13 days lost [interquartile range, 10-18]) and after (14 days lost [interquartile range, 10-16]) the rule change. Conclusion: The rate of SRC sustained in high school football practice decreased by 57% after a rule change limiting the amount and duration of full-contact activities, with no change in competition concussion rate. Limitations on contact during high school football practice may be one effective measure to reduce the incidence of SRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors adopt the Five-Factor Model of personality structure to explore how personality affected the earnings of a large group of men and women who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957 and were re-interviewed in 1992. All five basic traits-extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience-had statistically significant positive or negative earnings effects, and together they appear to have had effects comparable to those commonly found for cognitive ability. Among men, substantial earnings advantages were associated with antagonism (the obverse of agreeableness), emotional stability (the obverse of neuroticism), and openness to experience; among women, with conscientiousness and openness to experience. Of the five traits, the evidence indicates that agreeableness had the greatest influence on gender differences in earnings: men were considerably more antagonistic (non-agreeable) than women, on average, and men alone were rewarded for that trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This family farm in Wisconsin was started in 1868 by my great-grandparents and farmed by the generations that followed. My brother and I inherited the farm and tried to keep its 160 acres as a working farm, even as we lived in other places and pursued other careers. What is a family farm, we finally asked, if there is no family on the land to farm it? My way of letting go of this childhood home and family farm is to tell the tale as a witness to the ending of another family farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of wage comparability in the decisions of arbitrators in final offer wage disputes between Wisconsin teachers and school boards in 1977-86. The authors find that wage increases agreed to earlier in the bargaining round by comparable school districts (specifically, other districts within the same athletic conference) had a substantial impact on the decisions of the arbitrators. This result is not predicted by most theoretical studies of interest arbitration, but it is consistent with previous institutional research, the written awards of Wisconsin arbitrators, and the bargaining strategies of the parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managers of unionized Wisconsin firms were surveyed in 1984 concerning their companies' experiences with gainsharing programs, profit-sharing plans, employee stock-ownership plans, employee participation programs, joint union-management committees at the plant level, and communitywide union-management cooperation committees. Managers assessed gainsharing, profit-sharing, and participation programs as improving company performance more than the other types of programs. The local community cooperation committees were perceived as having no effect on firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]