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The translation of early Iberian fiction into French had a transformative impact on the learning of vernacular languages and printing. This article explores the impact of Iberian fiction (1525–1550) on the French literary panorama of the mid-sixteenth century. It analyses how the translation of novelas sentimentales and libros de caballerías offered a laboratory for experimentation in three main areas. First, Iberian fiction provided an opportunity for translators to translate directly from Castilian. The translations of Iberian fiction were also an opportunity to promote the French vernacular through the adoption of roman typefaces for the printing of vernacular material. Finally, Iberian fiction translated into French played a key role in the development of book illustration. These innovations would have long-lasting consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amongst the various translations from Hebrew into Spanish produced in medieval Spain, those of Mishnaic tractates are inspiring scholarly interest in recent decades. The present article is concerned with some aspects of these texts. Particularly interesting are the questions of attitudes to them; their cultural/ intellectual significance and function; what they tell us about languages in the late medieval Iberian Peninsula. Finally, the article presents an edition of a previously unknown MS of such a translation from the Cairo Geniza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation often involves economy of certain words or phrases, and conversion of sentence structures is not uncommon. In this paper, the authors demonstrate with examples the application of these techniques and postulate the general principle that should be followed in the application.

Background: The Osteoarthritis Knowledge Scale (OAKS) is a validated tool for assessing knowledge about hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, to date, there has been no translation and adaptation of the OAKS for the Turkish population., Objectives: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the OAKS into Turkish and to assess its psychometric properties in the Turkish population with and without hip or knee OA., Methods: The OAKS was translated following accepted guidelines. A validation study assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability and measurement error. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factor structure., Results: A total of 278 participants (n = 70 with hip OA, n = 105 with knee OA, and n = 103 without OA) were included. Internal consistency was 0.72, 0.79 and 0.79 for participants with hip OA, knee OA, and no OA, respectively. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.72 (95% CI; 0.45-0.85), 0.89 (95% CI; 0.82-0.93) and 0.88 (95% CI; 0.79-0.93) for participants with hip OA, knee OA and no OA, respectively. It had three principal components accounting for 57.2% of the total variance., Conclusions: The Turkish version of the OAKS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring OA knowledge in the Turkish population, including those with and without hip and knee OA. Test-retest reliability was below acceptable levels in the population with hip OA only. Therefore, we recommend that the ICC be interpreted with caution when used in this population., (© 2024 The Author(s). Musculoskeletal Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study investigates the relationship between cognitive processes and translation quality in the context of English-Arabic translations of journalistic articles. Specifically, it explores the translation processes at the orientation, production, and revision stages and the relationship between such processing and translation quality, using keylogging software (i.e., Translog II) to record the experiment. Twenty-two translation trainees participated in the study, translating a news article from English into Arabic. Presas's (2012) rubric for assessment was used to evaluate the translation quality, and several correlation analyses were applied to the data. Findings revealed negative correlations between translation quality and online revision, translation duration, and text production. The trainees' translations demonstrated limitations in communicating the main ideas of the target text (TT) to the target language (TL). The findings also showed the trainees' focus on online revision and editing and the concentration of translation time and cognitive effort in the drafting phase. The researchers recommend including the three phases of translation (reading, drafting, and revision) into translation training courses and equipping translator trainees with the required skills for each translation stage., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The article discusses the role of the poet, writer, journalist and translator Rinaldo Küfferle (1903–1955) in the distribution of Ivan Bunin’s works in Italy in the 1920s and 1930s. Küfferle’s critical essays about Bunin in Italian literary journals, his translations of Bunin’s poems and short stories, different stages of promotion of the writer's works in Milan publishing houses (a novel “The Life of Arsenyev” and a collection of short stories) are identified and analyzed. The article also provides a number of archival materials on Küfferle’s personal relations with Bunin.

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The term 'complex emotional needs' (CEN) is used here to describe people with difficulties and needs that are often associated with the diagnostic label of 'personality disorder'.People with CEN might use out of hours services such as emergency departments and Crisis Resolution/Home Treatment (CRHT) teams more often when experiencing a mental health crisis.Very little is understood about the experiences of both those receiving, and those delivering care, for people with CEN within CRHT settings. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: There are differences between priorities for those delivering and those receiving care within CRHT settings. CRHT staff members are likely to focus more upon those aspects of their role relating to risk issues. managing resources, anxieties and the expectations of others. Service users, meanwhile, focus upon the caring relationship, wanting staff to listen to them, and to feel supported and reassured.In the papers reviewed, service users experiencing CEN did not always feel 'listened to' or 'taken seriously' especially in relation to risk issues and decision‐making. What are the implications for practice?: Relating the findings to mental health nursing and CEN within the context of CRHT, to better understand the person experiencing a mental health crisis, mental health nurses need to focus more upon the person and when making decisions around their care and must be aware of the potential for power imbalances.Collaborative 'sense‐making' in relation to a person's risk behaviours may help. Background: A growing body of qualitative evidence focusing upon the experiences of care within Crisis Resolution/Home Treatment (CRHT) is emerging; however, a firm evidence base regarding both the giving and receiving of care for those with complex emotional needs (CEN) in this context is yet to be established. Objective: A qualitative evidence synthesis was used to develop a comprehensive understanding of how crisis care for people with CEN is experienced by both those giving and receiving care, within the context of CRHT. Method: Findings from 19 research papers considering both clinician and service users' experiential accounts of CRHT were synthesised using meta‐ethnography. Findings: Both the giving and receiving of care within a CRHT context was experienced across four related meta‐themes: 'contextual', 'functional', 'relational' and 'decisional'. Discussion: Service user accounts focused upon relational aspects, highlighting a significance to their experience of care. Meanwhile, clinicians focused more upon contextual issues linked to the management of organisational anxieties and resources. For those with CEN, a clinician's focus upon risk alone highlighted power differentials in the caring relationship. Conclusions: There is a need for nurses to connect with the experience of the person in crisis, ensuring a better balance between contextual issues and relational working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper ' Zur Dynamik elastisch gekoppelter Punktsysteme ' by Schrödinger (1914) does not seem to have attracted the attention that it deserves. We translate it into English here and we discuss its results in detail, with a view to its possible influence in the modern theories of generalised continua. The clever solution found, in terms of Bessel functions, by Schrödinger of the problem of the vibrations of a linear infinite chain of molecules gives some important methodological hints for contemporary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Dietrich BonhocfYer’s Wider stand und Ergehung. Briefe und Aufzeichnungen aus der Haft (Letters and Papers from Prison) is fragmented, it is a popular pamphlet, both for nonacademic as well as academic readers. In this pamphlet, the author puts forward some very important concepts, such as "non-religious Christianity’, "this-worldliness of Christianity" and the "crucifixion of God". These concepts have a far-reaching impact on the entirety of Christian theology. The Chinese translations, both the Hong Kong version and the Mainland version, are translated from the English translation, instead of the original German version. Mis-translation stemming from this kind of translation will inevitably affect the acceptance of the original text. The purpose of this article is not to compare the differences between the original German text and the Chinese versions from the translation perspective, but is instead, stalling from the contrast between the original German text and the Chinese versions, to re-interpret BonhoefTer's thoughts, and to explore the ethical dimension of Bonhoeffer’s "non-religious Christianity”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit for Carers (ASCOT-Carer), developed in England, measures the effects of long-term care (LTC) services and carer support on informal carers' quality of life (QoL). Translations of the ASCOT-Carer into other languages are useful for national and cross-national studies. The aim of this paper was to report on the translation and cultural adaptation of the original English ASCOT-Carer into German, to assess its content validity and to test for its construct validity (convergent and discriminative/known-group validity)., Methods: Translation and cultural adaptation followed the ISPOR TCA guidelines. As part of the translation and adaptation process, five cognitive debriefing interviews with informal carers were used for evaluating linguistic and content validity. In addition, a sample of 344 informal carers of older adults, who received home care services in Austria, was used for hypothesis testing as suggested by the COSMIN checklist to assess convergent and discriminative/known-group validity as part of construct validity., Results: Cognitive interviews provided evidence that questions and response options of the German ASCOT-Carer were understood as intended. Associations between ASCOT-Carer scores/domains and related outcome measures (convergent validity) and expected groups of informal carers and the care service users they care for (discriminative validity) supported construct validity of the translated instrument., Conclusion: The German ASCOT-Carer instrument meets the required standards for content and construct validity which supports its usefulness for (cross-)national studies on LTC-service-related QoL-outcomes in informal carers. Research is encouraged to assess further measurement properties of the translated instrument.

This article examines the literary productions of "Chico hard, ink and paper" and how the process of crossing, or transposition of languages, present in their narrative structures, configures the signature of their new writing project. Therefore, we opted for a comparative study that happens in three different fronts: in the first, by problematizing categories such as translation, signature and writing, we seek to map the categories of thought that give theoretical support to the aesthetic work undertaken by Chico Buarque. In the second, we aim to demonstrate how the narrative structure of the novel Budapest is constructed through a mirror metaphor, in which cinema presents itself as the double of literature. Finally, we question how Chico Buarque's narratives can be metonymy of a contemporary Brazilian literary cartography that is characterized mainly by the intense processes of crossing and breaking borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To validate a Perioperative User Participation questionnaire (POUP) that measures elective adult surgical patient experiences and evaluation of the significance of selected perioperative care items., Materials and Methods: A generic perioperative user involvement questionnaire (POUP) was developed in the form of four psychometric scales based on the Fundamentals of Care (FoC) framework. The POUP is designed to capture patients' perceived and subjective importance of selected items of perioperative care. It was developed in Danish and comprehensive Danish-Norwegian translations were conducted. Face and content validation were conducted involving patients and expert nurses. The relevance of items was assessed by 68 patients, and the internal consistency of the scales was calculated., Results: Danish and Norwegian patients assessed the POUP's face validity, and perioperative expert nurses reported no problems in clarity or ambiguity. However, a few reformulations of the questionnaire texts were suggested. None of the questions were reported as irrelevant or difficult to answer nor was any topic reported missing. Patients assessed all items as relevant, and the internal consistency for the three scales was between 0.8 and 0.9, and no differences between countries were found., Conclusion: The POUP questionnaire has four scales; the items are valid, but the scales need further statistical validation and refinement. At present, the POUP might provide insight into how elective adult surgical patients value the significance of perioperative care., (© 2022 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic College of Caring Science.)

Aims: To translate and culturally validate the Estabrooks' Kinds of Research Utilization (RU) and the Conceptual Research Utilization Scale (CRU) into Brazilian Portuguese; and to describe the research use by health professionals working on Long Term Care Institutions (LTCI) for older people., Background: Research utilisation ensures greater quality and effectiveness in the care provided by health professionals. However, there are no instruments to evaluate research utilisation in Latin America countries, like Brazil., Materials & Methods: A methodological cross-sectional questionnaire validity and descriptive study. The translation and adaptation of the instruments was performed in seven steps following psychometric guidelines. The instruments evaluate research utilisation by health professionals in clinical practice. The RU is composed of single-items of instrumental, persuasive, conceptual and overall forms; and the CRU the conceptual form through a 5-item scale. Professionals of technical level and graduated working in nine LTCI were evaluated from August to December 2018. Descriptive and inferential (reliability, correlation, internal consistency and structure of CRU) analyses were conducted., Results: Sample composed of 117 professionals, 67.5% of healthcare aides and 32.5% of graduated health professionals. All forms of research utilisation showed high implementation in practice (about 75% of the time, or frequently). CRU internal consistency (α = 0.885) and structure were adequate. There were significant correlations between RU and CRU (from very low r = 0.187 to high r = 0.712). Intra-rater, inter-rater and alternate forms reliability ranged from moderate to substantial., Conclusions: The Brazilian versions of the RU and the CRU are valid, reliable and acceptable for evaluating research utilisation by professionals working on LTCI. It is of great relevance to introduce these instruments in low- and middle-income countries to have future data on how much older people care is influenced by the best evidence available. These instruments can be adapted to different healthcare settings and populations., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In this paper, the translation invariant massless Nelson model with ultraviolet cutoff is investigated. It is proven that the fiber operators does not have a ground state if the interaction is not infrared regular. Similar results have been obtained by other authors under severe assumptions on the regularity of the mass shell. The method introduced in this paper works under very general conditions and relies only on rotation invariance of the mass shell, non-degeneracy of ground states and the HVZ theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gregor Mendel's classic paper, Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden (Experiments on Plant Hybrids), was published in 1866, hence 2016 is its sesquicentennial. Mendel completed his experiments in 1863 and shortly thereafter began compiling the results and writing his paper, which he presented in meetings of the Natural Science Society in Brünn in February and March of 1865. Mendel owned a personal copy of Darwin's Origin of Species, a German translation published in 1863, and it contains his marginalia. Its publication date indicates that Mendel's study of Darwin's book could have had no influence while he was conducting his experiments but its publication date coincided with the period of time when he was preparing his paper, making it possible that Darwin's writings influenced Mendel's interpretations and theory. Based on this premise, we prepared a Darwinized English translation of Mendel's paper by comparing German terms Mendel employed with the same terms in the German translation of Origin of Species in his possession, then using Darwin's counterpart English words and phrases as much as possible in our translation. We found a substantially higher use of these terms in the final two (10th and 11th) sections of Mendel's paper, particularly in one key paragraph, where Mendel reflects on evolutionary issues, providing strong evidence of Darwin's influence on Mendel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health research among Arabic speakers is increasing, and with it the need to assess psychopathology of Arabic-speaking populations, including natives, refugees, and immigrants. However, major challenges include the unavailability of appropriate Arabic tools, and the difficulty of judging whether available tools are appropriate. Critical judgment of psychometric tools is important, because they are used for high stake decisions such as clinical outcomes and diagnoses. We identified Arabic-language tests that measure constructs related to mental illness and health, critically analyzed their methodologies, and provided broad recommendations for future research. We conducted a systematic search query using four online databases and followed step-wise exclusions. We identified 115 articles published between January 1998 and August 2019 which produced 138 Arabic tests to screen or diagnose or plan treatment for psychological disorders. More than 80% of tests were translated or adapted from English using methods that are not comparable with the latest standards. Methods of establishing validity, reliability, and equivalence, were also limited, with one quarter not reporting reliability, and the majority using only one source of validity evidence. There is much room for improvement when making decisions about translation or adaptation designs, as well as conducting and reporting psychometric evidence., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.)

Background: To facilitate change for person-centred care, there is a need to invest in measures to assess if and how healthcare systems are delivering care based on the principles of person-centred care. This paper describes the first phase in developing an item bank to measure patients' experiences of person-centred care., Aim: The aim was to translate, culturally adapt and evaluate candidate items to measure person-centred care from the patient's perspective., Methods: The Centre for person-centred care at Gothenburg university and the UK Person-centred and coordinated care model informed our conceptual framework. The initial pool of item candidates originated from a previous systematic review where 855 items were identified. In this study, a mixed method design was used involving persons with experience as patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals and researchers in person-centred care or questionnaire design (n = 84). The item analysis included two validation rounds using web questionnaires, a focus group and cognitive interviews., Results: From the initial pool, 155 items covering core domains and subdomains of person-centred and coordinated care were selected for translation and qualitative item analysis. After translation, 44 items were excluded (duplicates). After the first validation round, 21 items were rephrased and 35 were excluded (due to low ratings, lack of comprehensibility, were duplicates or too specifically phrased). To reflect the ethical basis of person-centred care, rewordings were also made to encompass the patient as an active partner in care and where communication and information goes two-ways and care is co-created. After the second round, 11 items were rephrased and 25 items were excluded (for being redundant/repetitive). Six new items were added (covering access to care, patient capabilities, mental well-being and identifying goals)., Conclusion: We have developed a first set of 57 items to proceed towards developing an item bank to measure the patient experiences of person-centred care., (© 2021 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic College of Caring Science.)

Multilingual controlled vocabularies are rare and often very limited in the choice of languages offered. TIIARA (Taxonomy for Image Indexing and RetrievAl) is a bilingual taxonomy developed for image indexing and retrieval. This controlled vocabulary offers indexers and image searchers innovative and coherent access points for ordinary images. The preliminary steps of the elaboration of the bilingual structure are presented. For its initial development, TIIARA included only two languages, French and English. As a logical follow-up, TIIARA was translated into eight languages--Arabic, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Mandarin Chinese, Italian, German, Hindi and Russian-- in order to increase its international scope. This paper briefly describes the different stages of the development of the bilingual structure. The processes used in the translations are subsequently presented, as well as the main difficulties encountered by the translators. Adding more languages in TIIARA constitutes an added value for a controlled vocabulary meant to be used by image searchers, who are often limited by their lack of knowledge of multiple languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we ask ourselves if psychoanalysis is a science and what type of science it is, we raise many questions related to the notion of faithfulness. For instance, we might ask what it means to be faithful to a text, to the essence of an author’s writings, or to his or her creative power. If being a psychoanalyst means, at the very least, being able to translate the other’s thoughts, one of the difficulties of this task lies in what we call the complexity of translation. Analysts translate, interpret, interfere with the thoughts of the other in order to open up new paths, to offer themselves as a projection screen, or to try to create a link between two subjects so as to make room for the present, which is sometimes erased by history. To elucidate some of these issues, Scarfone (this issue) focuses on a discussion on the ethics of the analyst and of psychoanalysis [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The traditional definition of retranslation as the second or later rendering of a work into one same language is necessarily transformed when seen from a perspective informed by multimodality and intermediality. While the influence of multimodality on our understanding of translation practices has been variously discussed in the literature, little has been said about the relation between multimodality, intermediality and retranslation. Accordingly, this paper has two goals. Firstly, it seeks to discuss how multimodality and intermediality may have an effect on our theoretical knowledge of retranslation. Secondly, it aims to illustrate these theoretical observations through the analysis of different textualities originating in Bashir Lazhar, a one-character play by Québécois playwright Evelyne de la Chenelière. Of particular interest to build the present case study are the French and Spanish versions of the dramatic text as well as a specific stage performance delivered by French-Mexican actor and translator Boris Schoemann in Mexico City in 2012. The study will show how various semiotic codes interact through intermodal, intermedial retranslation practices in order to create new meanings in the performance text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French physiologist Augustin Charpentier (1852-1916) published the first accounts of the size-weight illusion-the observation that if two objects differ in size but have equal mass, the smaller will feel heavier when lifted. In the current paper, translations are presented of Charpentier's much-cited 1891 paper on weight perception and the size-weight illusion, and his little-known brief 1886 paper which contains the earliest experimental data on the illusion. Charpentier explained weight illusions in terms of the sense of effort involved in lifting the object and the contrast with the expected effort. Modern research shows that people quickly adapt and use the appropriate force to pick up objects, but the illusion persists even when appropriate force is used; expectations therefore affect the perceptual system more strongly than the motor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evaluation of transition readiness is indispensable for long-term follow-ups of adolescent patients with childhood-onset chronic diseases (CCD). We developed a Japanese version of the TRANSITION-Q (TRANSITION-Q-J) and used it to assess Japanese patients with CCD., Methods: The TRANSITION-Q-J was developed through forward and backward translations followed by cognitive interviews with five adolescent patients. The field test was conducted with 125 adolescent patients, and a retest was conducted with 113 adolescent patients., Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor analysis model including F1 (communication and self-management) and F2 (examination behavior). Sufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability were demonstrated among the total 14 items, F1, and F2 (Cronbach's α > 0.80, intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.85). Convergent and discriminant validity for the 14 items and F1 were acceptable; however, F2 did not correlate significantly with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Independent Consciousness Scale. Regarding known-groups validity, the older group had a significantly higher mean TRANSITION-Q-J score (50.05) than the younger group (43.28; P = 0.04). The same results were found for both F1 and F2., Conclusions: The TRANSITION-Q-J for adolescent patients with CCD was developed and its reliability and validity were verified. This scale is easy to administer. In addition to being a tool for transition period support, it could be used to verify effective factors and in program outcome evaluation, including intervention studies., (© 2020 Japan Pediatric Society.)

Background: Importantly, little is known about the cancer patients' perceptions about nurses' caring behaviors in Arab countries (Jordan specifically). This is mainly related to a lack of short Arabic instruments that measure nurse-patient interaction from a caring perspective., Objective: To translate and validate an Arabic version of the Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale-Patient Version (CNPI-23P)., Methods: The CNPI-23 was translated into Arabic using Brislin's model of translation. A cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing were used to collect the data from patients with cancer through a self-administered questionnaire, which included the Arabic version of CNPI-23P and demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and exploratory factor analysis were used., Results: One hundred fifty patients were recruited. A content validity involving experts and 20 patients indicated that the statements were clear, understandable, and in logical and easy order. Reliability analysis of CNPI-23P subscales ranged between 0.71 to 0.91 and 0.95 for the total Arabic version of CNPI-23P. Results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the 23-item scale score reflecting 4 caring domains with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.896, and Bartlett test of sphericity was significant (P < .001)., Conclusion: The Arabic version of CNPI-23P is reliable and valid and can be used in research, clinical, and educational settings in Arabic countries., Implications for Practice: The Arabic version of CNPI-23P may increase our understanding of cancer patients' perceptions about nurses' caring behaviors in Arab countries., Competing Interests: The author has no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Terminology translation is a challenging task that requires specialized knowledge and skills. It involves transferring terms from one language to another while preserving their meaning and function. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively expound upon terminology translation, focusing on an automotive context. Particularly, this paper examines the issue of terminology translation between English and Arabic for automotive texts. Methodology: The paper uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyze a corpus of several automotive brochures. It identifies three terminology translation problems between the two languages and proposes some strategies to deal with each of them. Findings: The paper finds that the three main problems are: terminology recognition, translation equivalence and term variations. Originality: This paper is one of the few studies that delve into the specific issues of automotive terminology translation between English and Arabic, a relatively under-researched area in translation studies. By identifying key problems and proposing strategies to address them, it adds value to the existing body of knowledge and sets a foundation for future research in this area. Research implications: The study has implications for both translation practice and research. For practitioners, it provides strategies to overcome common challenges in automotive terminology translation between English and Arabic, which can enhance the quality of their work and contribute to the development of this specialized field. For researchers, it opens up new avenues for exploration in the field of terminology translation, particularly in the context of different languages and domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critiques the concept of cultural translation as theorized and used in postcolonial studies. Taking contemporary Pakistani anglophone fiction as an example, the paper considers the use of the concept of cultural translation in postcolonial theory as a strategy for legitimizing and valorizing a specific kind of sensibility and literature, the 'migrant' and/or cosmopolitan sensibility and literature, produced almost exclusively in/for metropolitan locations and in European languages by postcolonial migrant writers. This literature, the paper argues, overturns and subverts the concept and practice of linguistic and textual translation proper as theorized in the discipline of translation studies in which the source culture of the translated text exercises a certain priority over the target or receiving culture and the key concern is about what transformations the target language and the receiving culture undergo in the practice and process of translation. In postcolonial literature, the paper contends, it is the source culture and text that are transformed to suit the expectations and literary taste of the readers in the target language and culture. In this sense then, postcolonial cultural translation actually signifies a transformation of the native culture of the postcolonial writer, a transformation that is manifested in the specific migrant and cosmopolitan sensibility represented in his or her work. To construct the theoretical framework for this discussion, the paper establishes two positions on the concept of cultural translation, one from Homi Bhabha and Robert Young, the other from Gayatri Spivak and Edward Said. In light of the contrasting views of these theorists and critics, the paper discusses the work of four Pakistani anglophone writers, two from the first generation, namely Ahmed Ali and Bapsi Sidhwa, and two from the second generation, namely Musharraf Ali Farooqi and Mohsin Hamid. The paper sees their work in relation to the concept of cultural translation and highlights their distinct position with regard to this concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study adds to the rising field of dissemination and implementation research on Emotionally Focused Therapy. We evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Hungarian EFT-KACS, examined the impact of the EFT Externship training done through translation on Hungarian therapists, and we investigated how therapist background characteristics related to outcomes. A total of 340 Hungarian professionals completed the questionnaires (N = 152 in 2016; and N = 188 in 2018) at three data collecting points-prior to (N = 329), after the training (N = 254), and 6 months later (N = 101). Results suggest the Hungarian EFT-KACS has similar psychometric properties as the original English version and shows high internal consistency. The 4-day EFT Externship trainings done through translation provided significant, lasting increases in perceived EFT-specific knowledge and competency, and in alliance, similar to findings in English- and Spanish-speaking countries. Externship outcomes were also found to be related to specific therapist experience and background characteristics., (© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.)

The National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD)1 strongly supports comprehensive assessment and evaluation of students with learning disabilities by a multidisciplinary team for the identification and diagnosis of students with learning disabilities. Comprehensive assessment of individual students requires the use of multiple data sources. These sources may include standardized tests, informal measures, observations, student self-reports, parent reports, and progress monitoring data from response-to-intervention (RTI) approaches (NJCLD, 2005). Reliance on any single criterion for assessment or evaluation is not comprehensive, nor is a group assessment, such as universal screening or statewide academic assessment tests, sufficient for comprehensive assessment or evaluation. This paper is intended to inform administrators, educators, parents, and others concerned about the effective identification and education of students with learning disabilities about the components, processes, and participants necessary for comprehensive assessment and evaluation, as well as optimal practices that should further enhance the education of students with learning disabilities. The NJCLD has long recognized that inappropriate assessment and evaluation practices may result in questionable incidence rates for learning disabilities (NJCLD, 2001a). Similarly, the NJCLD (2001a, 2001b) has provided a solid foundation for addressing the issues of assessment, evaluation, identification, and eligibility of students with learning disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov, a Soviet physiologist and surgeon, made meticulous attempts at reviving heart and lung transplantation in the last century. Herein, we present an English translation of Demikhov''s 1969 paper of Transplantation of the Heart, Lungs and other Organs (published in Eksperimental''naia Khirurgiia i Anesteziologiia), which represented a synopsis of his experiences with experimental transplantation. A brief account of Demikhov''s life and contributions to transplant medicine is also given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease with profound effects on the global society, as it affects individual lives, communities, societies, and even nations. As governments try to gear up on the war against this pandemic, an issue of importance pertains to the use of information systems. The systems are used to collect data on the prevalence of the disease, and analyze and transmit the data from the lower levels of the health administration where the testing is done to the higher levels of national policy making where different kinds of interventions are designed. In this article, we argue that the manner in which the representation of the disease is constructed is an important area of concern as it shapes the picture of the disease prevalence and influences how these statistics then get used for the planning of interventions such as supplying drugs and pro-health campaigns. Drawing from the domain of Science and Technology Studies (STS), with a focus on Bruno Latour's (1999) ideas of “circulating reference” we first develop the theoretical notion of representation, and then apply it to an empirical analysis of the reporting systems, both paper- and computer-based, of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique. The successive movements of information about HIV/AIDS prevalence across the various administrative levels are seen as translations that are being constructed through the communication and work practices of the health care workers at different levels, and are shaped by the political interests of the different stakeholders involved, including international agencies and national health authorities. Latour's notion of circulating reference is drawn upon to analyze the question of what is lost, what is gained, and what remains invariant through the successive stages of translation in the construction and use of the representation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of translation as a method for teaching English for Specific Purposes has recently gained attention. Historically speaking, the use of translation has been regarded as a constraint to learning a second language, especially considering the negative reputation of the Grammar-Translation school. However, current research has shown that translation could be used as an effective teaching method in ESP classes at the university level. This research aims to scrutinise published research about translation employment in ESP classrooms. The paper scrutinises 25 Articles using inductive thematic analysis. The articles under scrutiny resulted from a systematic literature search of Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Ebsco. The inductive thematic analysis led to the discovery of themes linked to the learner and translation activities and teaching practices, including defining learners’ level, course specifications and designing, academic and administrative instruction, translation as a communication tool, enhancing speaking accuracy, consolidating the learners' lexical repertoire and strengthening comprehension skills. Implementing translation activities in ESP classrooms is prominent in consolidating the four skills. The results of this paper suggest that the application of Translation in ESP classrooms as an aiding tool is a pivotal issue that English language teaching practitioners should consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shakespeare's tragedies are simple to understand yet at the same time. They are complex to portray. His grasp on how humans respond coupled with ghosts, murderous villains and many fancy soliloquies continue to find their place in different cultures all around the world. This has inspired various filmmakers to not only find inspiration from his work but also attempt to rejuvenate its artistic soul by touching it with their auteur. This research paper explores the works of Vishal Bhardwaj in his attempt to adapt Shakespeare into Indian cinema. Through studying and objectively analysing his trilogy of films (Maqbool, Omkara and Haider) with a close reference to Shakespeare corresponding plays (Macbeth, Othello and Hamlet) respectively, the paper aims to highlight the nexus between the culture and how human emotions remain consistent despite it. The plot, context and the characters of the film will be analysed and compared with the original text of the plays to bring attention to the similarities and the differences that exist between the two, which in turn will highlight how Indian culture has affected and evolved the original tragedies to suit its taste. The paper also aims to highlight the auteur of Vishal Bhardwaj as a scriptwriter, director and song composer and highlights the resonance in his three works despite the cinematic age gap between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Complete source publication citations are provided for 1,492 translations from the Russian language produced under the direction of Dr. Harry Hoogstraal, at U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three (NAMRU-3) in Cairo, Egypt, from ca. 1967 through 1986. Each citation is annotated with the corresponding translation(s) for which it is the source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cartoons, since they combine written text and visual content, has a major role in conveying different messages about Covid-19. This significance has typically come from the power of images and words that occurred in the cartoons and their impact on receivers' response thereafter. In translation, cartoon creates difficulty because of the cultural aspects and ideas that are created for a specific audience and community. Hence, in this paper, the focus will be specifically on analysing the language of selected cartoons and the translation approaches of the cartoonists' language in the Covid-19 era in Iraq, and this analysis is attained by adopting Norman Fairclough's model of critical discourse analysis. The researcher has categorised cartoons as follows: rhetorical, idiomatic, narrative, and rhymed, so this paper will concentrate on the analysis of the message behind each category that is employed to influence the audience and how it can be translated, especially if it encompasses idioms related to the Iraqi culture, musical rhyme, rhetoric, and pun. Accordingly, analysis of the constituent aspects of the cartoons necessarily takes place on linguistic and cultural levels so as to distinguish how each cartoonist represents the denotative and connotative meanings of the lexical items that are associated with cartoons drawings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the influence of globalization and the dominance of English as the de facto language of scientific research, doctoral students in North Africa generally and in Morocco specifically face a certain linguistic discrimination hindering the visibility of their academic contributions. Therefore, they resort to translation from French into English as a survival strategy. Several studies have demonstrated that the advent of Artificial Intelligence-powered translation tools has proven effective in improving the quality of students' writing performance. The present study seeks to investigate the role of AI-powered translation tools in facilitating the composition of research articles, specifically within the pure sciences disciplines of physics, biology, chemistry, geology, and mathematics. Moreover, this paper aims to identify the AI tools preferred by doctoral students for translating and post-editing their articles. Besides, it sheds light on the perceptions of doctoral students and PhD holders regarding the utility of AI-powered language tools in enhancing the linguistic quality of research articles. The present research is quantitative. It takes the form of an online survey comprising 17 items. Moroccan doctoral students frequently use AI tools to translate from French to English and to enhance the quality of their English to meet academic writing standards. By exploring the effectiveness of AI-powered translation tools in overcoming linguistic barriers, this paper contributes to enhancing the visibility of Moroccan doctoral students' publications in the global scientific community. Finally, the findings can inform English language materials designers in Moroccan higher education to deeply understand the linguistic challenges encountered by doctoral students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will discuss Pieter Bruegel's painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus and William Carlos Williams' poem 'Landscape with the Fall of Icarus' through the conceptual lens of intersemiotic translation to explore how the poem's rendition of the painting departs from the more traditional concerns of interlinguistic translation, i.e., the focus on optimum fidelity between the source and the translated text. With a focus on the visual-verbal (a)symmetries, the paper will try to look into how intersemiotic translation between pictorial and linguistic texts throws into quandary the hierarchical relationship between source text and translated text by culling out different but complementary meanings by means of their respective significatory codes to engineer an augmentation of meaning, rather than a faithful preservation of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with two main topics of interest for Translation Studies: the exploitation of multilingual comparable corpora and the analysis of the relationship between a text category and its linguistic manifestation in specialized texts. In the first part of this study, we make a review of some theoretical issues related to the use of specialized corpora in translation practice. The aim in this part is not only to satisfy punctual terminological needs, but also to explore new possibilities, like those proposed by Functional Stylistics for the study of conventionalisms in specialized texts. In the second part, we describe some of the steps involved in the process of compilation and exploitation of a particular specialized corpus, that of neuromuscular diseases in pediatrics. We thereby study corpus characteristics and analysis, automatic extraction of definitional contexts, and analysis of the thematic chains and its textual markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Maria Dąbrowska’s vast correspondence, which complete, in a way, her Dzienniki [Journals], constituting very valuable biographical material, so far published only in selected fragments. Among many of her sets of letters, the most interesting ones are those exchanged with her husband, Marian Dąbrowski, her partner, Stanisław Stempowski, and later on with his son, Jerzy, as well as with her very close friend and partner, Anna Kowalska. This article discusses the most important sets of letters from and to Dąbrowska, indicating their historical value and biographical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profiles the theoretical physicist, Ettore Majorana. Achieved status; Contributions to theoretical physics; Translation of the works of Majorana.

In the paper, fansub translation is compared with traditional paper-based translation. Their differences and similarities are summed up as well. Then there comes the most important part, in which fansub translation is connected to manipulation theory. The manipulation factors which influence the fansub translation and manipulation on fansub translation examples are also presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]