19 results on '"Gómez-Carrillo, M."'
Search Results
2. Trends in Transmission of Drug Resistance and Prevalence of Non-B Subtypes in Patients with Acute or Recent HIV-1 Infection in Barcelona in the Last 16 Years (1997-2012).
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Ambrosioni J, Sued O, Nicolas D, Parera M, López-Diéguez M, Romero A, Agüero F, Marcos MÁ, Manzardo C, Zamora L, Gómez-Carrillo M, Gatell JM, Pumarola T, and Miró JM
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- Acute Disease, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Spain epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections genetics, HIV Infections transmission, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 pathogenicity, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and non-B subtypes in patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection in Barcelona during the period 1997-2012., Methods: Patients from the "Hospital Clínic Primary HIV-1 Infection Cohort" with a genotyping test performed within 180 days of infection were included. The 2009 WHO List of Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance was used for estimating the prevalence of TDR and phylogenetic analysis for subtype determination., Results: 189 patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection were analyzed in 4 time periods (1997-2000, n=28; 2001-4, n=42; 2005-8, n=55 and 2009-12, n=64). The proportion of patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection with respect to the total of newly HIV-diagnosed patients in our center increased over the time and was 2.18%, 3.82%, 4.15% and 4.55% for the 4 periods, respectively (p=0.005). The global prevalence of TDR was 9%, or 17.9%, 9.5%, 3.6% and 9.4% by study period (p=0.2). The increase in the last period was driven by protease-inhibitor and nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor resistance mutations while non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor TDR and TDR of more than one family decreased. The overall prevalence of non-B subtypes was 11.1%, or 0%, 4.8%, 9.1% and 20.3 by study period (p=0.01). B/F recombinants, B/G recombinants and subtype F emerged in the last period. We also noticed an increase in the number of immigrant patients (p=0.052). The proportion of men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) among patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection increased over the time (p=0.04)., Conclusions: The overall prevalence of TDR in patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection in Barcelona was 9%, and it has stayed relatively stable in recent years. Non-B subtypes and immigrants proportions progressively increased.
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- 2015
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3. Longitudinal HIV-1 gp120-C2V3C3 phylogenetic surveillance and tropism evolution in patients under HAART.
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Moretti FA, Gómez-Carrillo M, and Quarleri JF
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- Genotype, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, Longitudinal Studies, Molecular Sequence Data, Plasma virology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active methods, Evolution, Molecular, HIV Envelope Protein gp120 genetics, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 physiology, Phylogeny, Viral Tropism
- Abstract
This 8-year longitudinal study was aimed to analyze the HIV-1 gp120-C2V3C3 sequence dynamics, their phylogenetic relationships and tropism evolution in patients under HAART. Such viral analysis comprised two compartments: plasma and PBMC. Fifty gp120-C2V3C3 genomic sequences were characterized from 16 patients: 41 from plasma when viremia was measurable and 9 from PBMCs if plasma viral load was undetectable. The vast majority of HIV isolates (43 out of 50) were ascribed to BF subtype, irrespective of the compartment (plasma or mononuclear-cells) analyzed. A statistically well-supported clustering phenomenon was observed for each patient sampling data. Each cluster comprised viral sequences from both compartments analyzed. In the vast majority of cases, the viral sequences obtained along active production periods were intermingled with those identified from proviral sequences. A substantial stability of co-receptor tropism for the HIV BF subtype was observed over an 8-year followup.
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- 2013
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4. Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues.
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Jones LR, Moretti F, Calvo AY, Dilernia DA, Manrique JM, Gómez-Carrillo M, and Salomón H
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- Adolescent, Adult, Amino Acid Sequence, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Argentina, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gender Identity, HIV drug effects, HIV Infections virology, Humans, Infant, Male, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Anti-Retroviral Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV genetics, HIV Infections drug therapy, Mutation, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology
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We studied drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in 2623 pol sequences. Out of 94,828 amino acid substitutions that were detected, 8749 corresponded to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 3765 to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and 7141 to protease inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations. The most common DRMs were L10I, I54V, L90M, V82A, A71V, L10V, M46I, M184V, M41L, T215Y, D67N, L210W, K70R, N348I, V118I, K103N, Y181C, G190A, K101E, V108I, L100I, V90I, K101Q, and A98G. As expected, DRMs frequencies depended on viral genotype. The amounts of NRTI and PI resistance mutations among B and BF sequences from children were higher than among sequences from adults. The frequencies of PI and NRTI resistance mutations among B and BF sequences from adult men were higher than among sequences from women. Some of these observations can be explained in light of the available epidemiological information, but some cannot, indicating that further studies are needed to understand the antiretroviral resistance epidemics in Argentina.
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- 2012
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5. Characterization of full-length HIV-1 CRF17_BF genomes and comparison to the prototype CRF12_BF strains.
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Aulicino PC, Gómez-Carrillo M, Bello G, Rocco C, Mangano A, Carr J, Sen L, and Foley B
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- Gene Order, Humans, Phylogeny, Recombination, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genome, Viral, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 genetics, Reassortant Viruses classification, Reassortant Viruses genetics
- Abstract
The aim of this work is to characterize the full-length intersubtype recombinant structure of the HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form CRF17_BF. A single genome of CRF17_BF was originally described in 2001 as being largely similar to CRF12_BF. Since then, more genomes of CRF17_BF have been sequenced but not adequately described in publications. Here we describe CRF17_BF as a genuine CRF, and analyze its recombination pattern based on bootscan analyses, subtype signature patterns, and phylogenetic reconstruction of subtype-delimited segments. We show that CRF17_BF can be distinguished from CRF12_BF in several regions of the genome, including vpu, pol, env and nef. A complete and accurate characterization and description of recombination breakpoints in CRFs is required for a proper surveillance of HIV-1 genotypes, and important for epidemiological purposes., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2012
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6. An analysis of 332 fatalities infected with pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina.
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Balanzat AM, Hertlein C, Apezteguia C, Bonvehi P, Cámera L, Gentile A, Rizzo O, Gómez-Carrillo M, Coronado F, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Chávez PR, and Widdowson MA
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Argentina epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza, Human mortality, Influenza, Human virology, Pandemics
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Background: The apparent high number of deaths in Argentina during the 2009 pandemic led to concern that the influenza A H1N1pdm disease was different there. We report the characteristics and risk factors for influenza A H1N1pdm fatalities., Methods: We identified laboratory-confirmed influenza A H1N1pdm fatalities occurring during June-July 2009. Physicians abstracted data on age, sex, time of onset of illness, medical history, clinical presentation at admission, laboratory, treatment, and outcomes using standardize questionnaires. We explored the characteristics of fatalities according to their age and risk group., Results: Of 332 influenza A H1N1pdm fatalities, 226 (68%) were among persons aged <50 years. Acute respiratory failure was the leading cause of death. Of all cases, 249 (75%) had at least one comorbidity as defined by Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Obesity was reported in 32% with data and chronic pulmonary disease in 28%. Among the 40 deaths in children aged <5 years, chronic pulmonary disease (42%) and neonatal pathologies (35%) were the most common co-morbidities. Twenty (6%) fatalities were among pregnant or postpartum women of which only 47% had diagnosed co-morbidities. Only 13% of patients received antiviral treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. None of children aged <5 years or the pregnant women received antivirals within 48 h of symptom onset. As the pandemic progressed, the time from symptom-onset to medical care and to antiviral treatment decreased significantly among case-patients who subsequently died (p<0.001)., Conclusion: Persons with co-morbidities, pregnant and who received antivirals late were over-represented among influenza A H1N1pdm deaths in Argentina, though timeliness of antiviral treatment improved during the pandemic.
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- 2012
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7. Incidence of HIV type 1 infection, antiretroviral drug resistance, and molecular characterization in newly diagnosed individuals in Argentina: A Global Fund Project.
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Pando MA, Gómez-Carrillo M, Vignoles M, Rubio AE, dos Ramos Farias MS, Vila M, Rossi D, Ralón G, Marone R, Reynaga E, Sosa J, Torres O, Maestri M, Avila MM, and Salomón H
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- Adult, Argentina epidemiology, Cluster Analysis, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Incidence, Male, Phylogeny, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious epidemiology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, RNA, Viral genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sex Work, Substance-Related Disorders complications, pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus genetics, Anti-Retroviral Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 drug effects
- Abstract
An HIV incidence estimation was performed among men who have sex with men (MSM), drug users (DUs), sex workers (SWs), and pregnant women (PW) from Argentina. Volunteers older than 18 years old without a previous HIV-positive diagnosis were included. HIV-positive samples were analyzed by the Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) to estimate incidence. By partial RT-PCR and sequencing of the HIV pol gene, an HIV subtype and resistance profile were determined. A total of 12,192 volunteers were recruited from October 2006 to September 2008. A higher HIV prevalence was detected among trans SWs (33.9%, 38/112), male SWs (10.8%, 12/111), and MSM 10.4% (161/1549). HIV incidence estimates by STARHS was also higher on trans SWs (11.31 per 100 person-years), male SWs (6.06 per 100 person-years), and MSM (6.36 per 100 person-years). Antiretroviral primary resistant mutations were detected in 8.4% of the study group, with a higher frequency in female DUs (33.3%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 124 (57.9%) samples were subtype B, 84 (39.3%) intersubtype BF recombinants, 5 (2.3%) subtype C, and 1 (0.5%) subtype F in the pol region. Subtype B was most commonly found in MSM and male SWs whereas the intersubtype BF recombinant was more prevalent in female DUs, female SWs, and PW. Given the high HIV prevalence and incidence found in most of these groups, monitoring the continuing spread of the HIV epidemic is essential for determining public health priorities, assessing the impact of interventions, and estimating current and future health care needs.
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- 2011
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8. Antiretroviral resistance among HIV type 1-infected women first exposed to antiretrovirals during pregnancy: plasma versus PBMCs.
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Soto-Ramirez LE, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Durán AS, Losso MH, Salomón H, Gómez-Carrillo M, Pampuro S, Harris DR, Duarte G, De Souza RS, and Read JS
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- Caribbean Region epidemiology, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections transmission, HIV-1 drug effects, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Latin America epidemiology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, Mutation, Patient Selection, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious epidemiology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, Prospective Studies, RNA, Viral blood, Viral Load, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral genetics, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 genetics, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy
- Abstract
Resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in plasma samples from HIV-1-infected women who received antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis during pregnancy was assessed and correlated with the detection of RAMs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). The study population was composed of HIV-1-infected women enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Latin America and the Caribbean (NISDI Perinatal Study) as of March 1, 2005, who were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection during the current pregnancy, who received ARVs during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, and who were followed through at least the 6-12 week postpartum visit. Plasma samples collected at enrollment during pregnancy and at 6-12 weeks postpartum were assayed for RAMs. Plasma results were compared to previously described PBMC results from the same study population. Of 819 enrolled subjects, 197 met the eligibility criteria. Nucleic acid amplification was accomplished in 123 plasma samples at enrollment or 6-12 weeks postpartum, and RAMs were detected in 22 (17.9%; 95%CI: 11.7-25.9%). Previous analyses had demonstrated detection of RAMs in PBMCs in 19 (16.1%). There was high concordance between RAMs detected in plasma and PBMC samples, with only eight discordant pairs. The prevalence of RAMs among these pregnant, HIV-1-infected women is high (15%). Rates of detection of RAMs in plasma and PBMC samples were similar.
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- 2008
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9. HIV type 1 genetic diversity surveillance among newly diagnosed individuals from 2003 to 2005 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Dilernia DA, Gomez AM, Lourtau L, Marone R, Losso MH, Salomón H, and Gómez-Carrillo M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Argentina epidemiology, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Genetic Variation, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, Population Surveillance
- Abstract
To perform a diversity surveillance study we characterized viral subtypes among newly diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires city. Plasma samples were collected from 322 drug-naive newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals attending two voluntary counseling and testing centers. Sequences of pol and vpu genes were obtained from 283 samples and viral subtype was characterized by Neighbor-joining trees and Bootscanning analysis. BF recombinants were found in 56.9% followed by subtype B strains (39.2%). CRF12_BF structure was found in 27% of BF while another 27% had that structure only in one of both genes analyzed. Unusual non-B-non-BF strains were found in 3.9% (11/283). They were further analyzed by database searching and maximum likelihood trees in order to track their origin. Two subtype C sequences were found to be related to South American isolates while another two subtype C sequences and the subtype C segment of a BC recombinant were found to be related to isolates from Senegal. We also identified the CRF16_A2D previously found in Argentina and the CRF06_cpx commonly prevalent in Africa. The B segment of a BD recombinant was also found to be related to the Argentinean Bs suggesting a recombination between an African and a local strain. We also found a BK and two BA recombinants. In conclusion, CRF16_A2D and a new line of subtype C (of Senegalese origin) seem to be successfully established and are now spreading in Buenos Aires. BF recombinants keep recombining with local strains losing the CRF12_BF structure. Altogether they are changing the diversity of HIV in Argentina.
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- 2007
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10. HCV genotype distribution among HIV co-infected individuals in Argentina: relationship with host and viral factors.
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Quarleri JF, Bolcic FM, Bouzas MB, Laufer N, Gómez Carrillo M, Mammana L, Kaufman S, Pérez H, Cahn P, and Salomon H
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- Adult, Aged, Alanine Transaminase blood, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Argentina epidemiology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections transmission, Hepatitis C virology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data, Viral Load, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1, Hepacivirus genetics, Hepatitis C epidemiology
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Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in individuals infected with HIV is associated with a higher incidence of liver injury hepatic decompensation, and decreased survival than that observed in an HIV-monoinfected population. While prevalence studies on HIV/HCV coinfection have been performed in the U.S. and in some European countries, little is known about HCV genotype distribution in Latin America. The main objective was to evaluate the HCV prevalence and genotypes among HIV co-infected patients, and their relationship with HCV viral load, serum ALT level and T lymphocyte CD4+ cell count. These data pursue to increase the knowledge from South America about a pressing problem from HIV-infected patients. Retrospectively collected specimens from 593 HIV-positive individuals in Argentina were tested for anti-HCV These were analyzed for HCV-RNA qualitatively and quantitatively. The HCV genotype was determined by the RFLP method. One hundred and twenty-nine (21.7%) HIV-infected individuals were anti-HCV positive; 65.9% of them exhibited detectable HCV-RNA. Genotype 1 (43, la/c; 9, 1b; and 5, 1a/c+1b) was present in 57, while 1, 14 and 13 were infected with genotype 2, 3 or a mix, respectively. Co-infected individuals were more likely to be male, without significant differences in age and CD4+ cell counts than HIV-monoinfected individuals. HCV infection prevalence in patients co-infected with HIV highlights the impending public health impact of this problem. Considering the increasing rate of HCV genotypes with lower response rates to treatment among HIV co-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy success might be jeopardized by HCV coinfection.
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- 2007
11. [HIV virus: virological aspects and laboratory diagnosis].
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Gómez Carrillo M, Bouzas B, and Sen L
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- Algorithms, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 physiology, Humans, RNA, Viral analysis, Virus Replication, HIV Infections diagnosis
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- 2006
12. Higher transactivation activity associated with LTR and Tat elements from HIV-1 BF intersubtype recombinant variants.
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Turk G, Carobene M, Monczor A, Rubio AE, Gómez-Carrillo M, and Salomón H
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- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome virology, Adult, Cell Line, Child, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Viral genetics, Gene Products, tat genetics, Genes, Reporter, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Recombination, Genetic, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transfection, tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Genetic Variation, HIV Long Terminal Repeat genetics, HIV-1 genetics, Transcriptional Activation
- Abstract
Background: HIV-1 is characterized by its rapid genetic evolution and high diversity as a consequence of its error-prone reverse transcriptase and genetic recombination. This latter mechanism is responsible for the creation of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) found in nature. Previous studies from our lab group have shown that the epidemic in Argentina is characterized by one highly prevalent circulating recombinant form, CRF12_BF, and many related BF recombinant forms. Since transcriptional transactivation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element requires the essential viral Tat protein, since these genetic structures underwent recombination in variants widely spread in South America, the aim of this work was to study transcriptional activity associated with the recombinant LTR and Tat elements., Results: Differential transcriptional activity was measured for the BF recombinant LTR/Tat complex that is present in widely spread viral variants was demonstrated. This analysis demonstrated a higher activity for the BF complex when compared to its B subtype counterpart., Conclusion: This study indicates structural and functional consequences of recombination events within the LTR promoter and Tat transactivator protein of a naturally occurring HIV-1 recombinant form.
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- 2006
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13. HIV-1 genetic diversity in Argentina and early diagnosis of perinatal infection.
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Aulicino PC, Gómez Carrillo M, Kopka J, Mangano AM, Ovejero M, and Sen L
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- Argentina, Child, False Negative Reactions, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections transmission, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Heteroduplex Analysis, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Male, Perinatal Care, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Viral Load, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Recombination, Genetic genetics
- Abstract
HIV-1 diagnosis of perinatally exposed children is usually performed by molecular biology-based methods, allowing the direct detection of the virus. Thus, HIV-1 genomic variability within and across strains plays a major role in relation to the sensitivity of these tests, often leading to misdiagnosis. We describe the performance of an in-house multiplex nested PCR (nPCR) for early detection of HIV-1 infection in perinatally exposed children born in Argentina, where the percentage of diverse BF recombinants is as high as 80%. After evaluation of 1316 HIV-1 perinatally exposed children collected over a 7-year period, the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic nPCR was of 100% and 99.2% respectively, with only two false negative cases indicating a good performance of the diagnostic nPCR in the Argentine pediatric cohort. In search of unusual HIV-1 subtypes among 22 HIV-1 infected cases presenting partial or complete HIV-1 gene amplification failure, we performed phylogenetic and recombination analysis of a vpu-env fragment in addition to gag and env Heteroduplex Mobility Assay screening. The most unusual findings included two subtypes A and a novel BC recombinant, while the majority of the strains were a variety of different BF recombinants. These results indicate the presence of novel and heterogeneous genotypes in our country and the need of continuous viral surveillance not only for diagnostic test optimization but also for the eventual implementation of a successful vaccine.
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- 2006
14. HIV type 1 BF recombinant strains exhibit different pol gene mosaic patterns: descriptive analysis from 284 patients under treatment failure.
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Quarleri JF, Rubio A, Carobene M, Turk G, Vignoles M, Harrigan RP, Montaner JS, Salomón H, and Gómez-Carrillo M
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- Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Argentina, Drug Resistance, Viral, Drug Therapy, Combination, HIV Infections virology, HIV Protease genetics, HIV Reverse Transcriptase genetics, HIV-1 drug effects, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phylogeny, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Treatment Failure, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Genes, pol genetics, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 classification, Recombination, Genetic, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use
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Different complex structures of the pol gene have been identified in 284 HIV-1 B/F recombinant sequences obtained from a group of 587 patients under treatment failure from Argentina. To analyze the mosaic structures of these viral sequences and to determine their phylogenetic relationship, the 284 partial pol gene sequences of BF recombinant viruses were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Intersubtype breakpoints were analyzed by bootscanning. Phylogenetic relationships were determined by means of neighbor-joining trees. The analysis of the sequences showed multiple phylogenetic topologies clustering within intersubtype BF reference sequences. At least three different mosaic patterns were found compared to previously described BF-type viruses with unequal distribution in the studied population. The analysis also showed that HIV-1 BF recombinant viruses with diverse mosaic structures are phylogenetically related in their F segments and in selected B fragments with the F1 subtype and with BF recombinant viruses from Brazil, respectively, suggesting a common recombinant ancestor. No association was observed between the prevalence of each mosaic pattern and the frequency of major drug-resistance mutations in PR and RT.
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- 2004
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15. Drug resistance testing provides evidence of the globalization of HIV type 1: a new circulating recombinant form.
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Gómez-Carrillo M, Quarleri JF, Rubio AE, Carobene MG, Dilernia D, Carr JK, and Salomón H
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- Cluster Analysis, Genes, pol, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Phylogeny, Recombination, Genetic, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 drug effects
- Abstract
To monitor HIV-1 diversity in Argentina, a phylogenetic-based analysis of HIV-1 partial pol sequences obtained for resistance testing in 587 treatment failure patients was performed in Buenos Aires city between 2001 and 2003. HIV-1 RNA was isolated from plasma samples and partial pol fragments amplified by RT-PCR. Sequences were obtained by automated sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and recombination patterns characterized. A total of 299 sequences grouped into clade B (50.94%) and 284 were B/F recombinants (48.38%). Four sequences were grouped into clades A, C, and F (0.68%). The clade C sample, 96105, was found to be a BC recombinant and samples 103396 and 104575 showed the same mosaic pattern with Kisii5009 from Kenya and 97KR004 from Korea, previously described as A2D recombinants. With the presence of two full-length genomes, one from Kenya and one from Korea, and now two partial genomes from Argentina, this recombinant is designated CRF16_A2D. Its presence on three continents shows that CRF16_A2D has a global distribution.
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- 2004
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16. Troublesome diagnosis in two children born to HIV-1 infected mothers.
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Liberatore D, Olivari P, Gómez Carrillo M, Martínez M, García L, Rodríguez C, Martínez Peralta L, Libonatti O, and Avila MM
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- Adult, Child, Preschool, DNA, Viral analysis, Female, HIV Core Protein p24 analysis, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Polymerase Chain Reaction, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections transmission, HIV-1 genetics
- Abstract
In order to assess early HIV infection vertically transmitted in children it is necessary to use techniques that directly detect HIV. Positive results were found in some rare cases who later seemed to have cleared the infection. We communicate two cases of children with troublesome diagnosis. Two girls born to HIV-1 infected mothers were followed-up since birth up to 40 months old, with viral culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), p24 antigen detection and serologic techniques. PCRs were positive in three opportunities at 2, 8 and 30 months of age in the first child and confirmatory tests for specific antibodies remained indeterminate up to the age of 34 months. Positive viral DNAs were detected in two opportunities in the second child at 2 and 4 months of age. Western Blots were negative since 25 months. No virus was recovered nor was p24 antigen detected during the whole period of study in either child. Sequestration of the virus in lymphatic tissue, low replicative ability of the virus and/or immunological tolerance can be postulated in the first case. In patient 2, it could be hypothesized that infection, if any, had cleared up.
- Published
- 1998
17. [Evaluation of indirect immunofluorescence as a supplementary test for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection].
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Ceballos A, Devito C, Pampuro S, Gómez Carrillo M, Libonatti O, and Martínez Peralta L
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- Adult, Blood Donors, Blotting, Western, Cell Line, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, HIV Antigens immunology, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Risk-Taking, Sensitivity and Specificity, AIDS Serodiagnosis methods, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, HIV Antibodies analysis, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV-1 immunology
- Abstract
In order to be used as an alternative or complementary test to confirm HIV-1 infection, the efficiency of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was compared with Western blot (WB) in 362 samples from persons with high and low risk behaviour. A panel of sera with 220 WB positive, 122 WB negative and 20 WB indeterminate sera were tested by an "in house" IFA. The sensitivity of IFA was found to be 98.63% and the specificity 98.36%. Therefore, IFA appeared to be an efficient alternative method to WB, since the cost of testing by IFA is less than 10% of WB testing. We observed a direct relationship between WB protein reactivity and IFA results. In 15 samples with coincident indeterminate results for WB and IFA, antibody reactivity to p24 and gp160 presented the highest frequency. On the other hand, antibodies to viral glycoproteins were always present in IFA weak positive samples, showing their high predictive value.
- Published
- 1998
18. Different integrated and unintegrated HIV-1 DNA after superinfection and cell to cell transmission.
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Marquina S, Libonatti O, Ceballos A, Gómez Carrillo M, Martínez Peralta L, and Rabinovich RD
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- Cell Line, Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA, Viral, HIV Infections transmission, HIV-1, Superinfection
- Abstract
Efficient superinfection of H9HTLVIIIB cell line (persistently infected with HIVHXB2 strain) with HIVMN strain is reported. The superinfecting viral DNA was found in the chromosomic and extrachromosomic fractions at early stages, but at 48 hours post superinfection, it remained mainly unintegrated. Interestingly, superinfected cells only produced HIVHXB2 in the supernatant and no increase of viral yield of this persistent virus was observed. Remarkably, virions of both strains. HIVHXB2 and HIVMN, were recovered after cocultivating superinfected cells with MT2 cell line. In the extrachromosomic fractions of seven different superinfected subclons of H9HTLVIIIB, viral DNA of the superinfecting HIVMN strain predominated while in the chromosomic fraction, the proportion of superinfecting viral DNA differed. The study of the presence of different integrated and unintegrated genomes in a single cell could be crucial in the understanding of HIV biology.
- Published
- 1997
19. [Molecular analysis of the principal neutralization epitope (V3 loop) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Argentina].
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Gómez Carrillo M, Piccardo C, and Libonatti O
- Subjects
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome microbiology, Adolescent, Adult, Amino Acid Sequence, Argentina, Base Sequence, Child, Preschool, Consensus Sequence, DNA, Viral genetics, HIV Seropositivity congenital, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Antigenic Variation genetics, HIV Antigens genetics, HIV Envelope Protein gp120 genetics, HIV Seropositivity microbiology, HIV-1 immunology, Peptide Fragments genetics
- Abstract
The main goal of the present paper was to analyze the molecular diversity of the principal neutralizing domain (V3 loop) of the HIV 1 gp120 in samples from patients of Argentina. The study was carried out on a total of 30 HIV 1 positive blood samples, obtained during 1991-1992, belonging to 15 intravenous drug users (group A), 5 homosexual men (group B), 8 children born to HIV 1 positive mothers (group C) and 2 AIDS patients (group D). By using extracted DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes and from infected cells of the viral isolates in the case of the 2 AIDS patients, the V3 loop region was amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction. Direct sequencing by Sanger methodology was then performed on DNA fragments and nucleotide sequences obtained were translated into the correspondent amino acids. Consensus sequences for each group and a general consensus sequence were established (Table 1). Its alignment with V3 loop amino acid sequences of the major HIV 1 strains isolated worldwide is showed in table 2. Homology analysis between each sequence of the study population and sequence of different HIV 1 isolates showed that most of these samples share high homology with SF2 and BH10 strains. In contrast a low homology was found with JH3 and MN isolated (table 3). The presence of highly conserved amino acid residues as substitutions and insertions was determined in the Argentinian V3 loop sequences giving them a local pattern. The present paper is of great importance for our country, considering that the V3 loop is the main neutralizing domain becoming a major target in the development of HIV 1 vaccine. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the sequencing of the principal neutralizing domain of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 in Latin America.
- Published
- 1992
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