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Integrated project delivery (IPD) has gained significant attention as an effective alternative to traditional project delivery models. Profit distribution is a crucial aspect of IPD projects, influencing their overall success. This study aims to investigate the key factors impacting profit distribution to offer strategic guidance for project management practices. The study employs a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to establish an updated research framework in this domain. Through this analysis, 24 articles with highly relevant and extensively cited sources are identified for further examination. Grounded theory is subsequently applied to distill the findings. This process yields a foundational theoretical framework that delineates the factors influencing profit distribution in IPD projects, namely, contribution, resource-based input, effort level, and risk sharing. Additionally, a textual analysis of ten burst words is conducted to discern research trends and identify future areas of study. This research contributes to the existing literature by addressing gaps and providing a roadmap for future IPD investigations. A theoretical framework of influencing factors in profit distribution in IPD projects is developed based on the literature. The findings not only enhance understanding of profit distribution dynamics in IPD projects but also guide the implementation and optimization of IPD practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted wide attention due to its less susceptibility to drug resistance, broad‐spectrum biocidal activity and biosafety in normal tissues. However, the traditional photosensitizers (PSs) face the disadvantage of poor therapeutic efficacy due to the requirement of an aerobic environment to generate 1O2 through Type ІI pathway. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel cationic conjugated oligomer oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) and studied its antibacterial photodynamic activity against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Importantly, the OPV can rapidly produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through double pathways, Type I and II mechanism under white light irradiation, and efficiently kill E. coli and MRSA at a nanomolar level. The dual type photosensitizing capability makes OPV promising for enhanced PDT to treat pathogens and tumors in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro‐electro‐mechanical system gyroscope detection output is susceptible to drift due to ambient temperature variations. Furthermore, the drive‐mode vibration amplitude is affected by the signal pickup circuit and structural parameters, which significantly influence the temperature drift of the bias and scale factor (SF). This study proposes a vibration amplitude control method based on harmonic amplitude sideband‐ratio (SBR), namely SBR‐AGC, which characterizes the vibration amplitude using the harmonic amplitude ratio of the vibrational electrical signal. The constancy of vibration amplitude is maintained via closed‐loop control to suppress bias and SF temperature drift. The experimental results on cobweb‐like disk resonator gyroscope reveal that the temperature coefficient of bias in the SBR‐AGC mode lies within −20 to 60°C and decreases by 36%, and the temperature coefficient of the SF lies within −10 to 50°C and decreases by 49.7%. Therefore, the environmental adaptability of the gyroscope is effectively improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithology identification is the research basis in oil and gas reservoir exploration and is critical for the formation characterization and reservoir development. Traditional lithofacies identification methods rely on the knowledge and experience of geologists and are usually done manually. With the development of deep learning technology and its application in the field of geophysics, lithofacies identification based on deep-learning approach has attracted great attention in recent years. Well logging data have obvious sequence characteristics. Therefore, we propose to use a bidirectional long and short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network to learn long-term information for more effective lithology facies classification. In addition, we also perform correlation analysis on the input well logging curves and conduct median filter at different scales according to the correlation degree to extract the geological features within data itself and discard the interference of noise. The raw data-based lithofacies identification can reflect the noise resistance of the neural network model to some extent, while the filtered data are more beneficial for the model to extract the geological features correlated with lithofacies and provide accurate classification results. We validate our proposed framework by applying it to a case study from the Council Grove gas reservoir located in Kansas. Furthermore, we compare the effect of input data and network model on the identification results. The experimental results show that the proposed lithofacies identification method has higher classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resolution seismic processing involves the recovery of high-frequency components from seismic data with lower resolution. Traditional methods typically impose prior knowledge or predefined subsurface structures when modeling seismic high-resolution processes, and they are usually model-driven. Nowadays, there has been a growing utilization of deep learning techniques to enhance seismic resolution. These approaches involve feature learning from extensive training datasets through multi-layered neural networks and are fundamentally data-driven. However, the reliance on labeled data has consistently posed a primary challenge for deploying these methods in practical applications. To address this issue, a novel approach for seismic high-resolution reconstruction is introduced, employing a Cycle Generative Adversarial Neural Network (CycleGAN) trained on authentic pseudo-well data. The application of the CycleGAN involves creating dual mappings connecting low-resolution and high-resolution data. This enables the model to comprehend both the forward and inverse processes, ensuring the stability of the inverse process, particularly in the context of high-resolution reconstruction. More importantly, statistical distributions are extracted from well logs and used to randomly generate extensive sets of low-resolution and high-resolution training pairs. This training set captures the structural characteristics of the actual subsurface and leads to significant improvement of the proposed method. The results from experiments conducted on both synthetic and field examples validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in significantly enhancing seismic resolution and achieving superior recovery of thin layers when compared with the conventional method and the deep-learning-based method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic inversion is one of the important methods to realize reservoir prediction in oil and gas field exploration. The seismic stochastic inversion based on Metropolis-Hastings algorithm makes full use of well logging data and improves the vertical resolution of inversion results. However, conventional Metropolis-Hastings algorithm has slow convergence speed and poor stability. In this paper, an elastic impedance inversion method based on optimized Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is established by combining quantum annealing algorithm with Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The feasibility of the method is verified by model calculation and actual data test.

Excellent high-temperature performance (298–523 K) of the 4H-SiC n-p-n bipolar phototransistor detector (PTD) was explored. It was fabricated using the 4H-SiC epitaxial wafer grown by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD). The static and dynamic properties of the device were tested and analyzed. The results show that the device still has an optical gain of up to 103, a wide linear response range, and good repeatability at the high temperatures up to 523 K under a 3-V bias with a wavelength of 360 nm. The temperature coefficient of the optical gain is extracted, the value of which is 1.02/K. Although the response time of the device increases with the temperature, the increased percentage in responsivity is significantly greater than that of the response time. The results provide an important experimental reference for the application of high-temperature detection and suggest that the PTD has the potential to be used in ultraviolet (UV) detecting systems at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance has posed a great threat to human health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has always outpaced the development of new antibiotics, and the investment in the development of new antibiotics is diminishing. Supramolecular self-assembly of the conventional antibacterial agents has been proved to be a promising and versatile strategy to tackle the serious problem of antibiotic resistance. In this review, the recent development of antibacterial agents based on supramolecular self-assembly strategies will be introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a novel rate and rate-integrating mode-switchable axisymmetric gyroscope. A precession angle tracking algorithm is developed to enable the gyro to switch automatically between rate and rate-integrating modes at preset rate points through a digital control system within the gyro. We also propose a vibrating amplitude control method for the rate-integrating mode that directly extracts the angular rate output to ensure switching stability. In rate mode, the bias instability and angle random walk of the gyro reach 0.106°/h and 0.011°/√h, respectively. Additionally, an input range of over ±5000°/s is measured in rate-integrating mode. The scale factor nonlinearity reaches approximately 116 ppm over the full-scale range. The control system implements effective steering control of the gyroscope, with a switching delay of 10 ms from rate mode to rate-integrating mode and 100 ms from rate-integrating to rate mode. The proposed system actualizes a new type of gyroscope with high accuracy and a wide input range, which combines the benefits of rate and rate-integrating modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dyadic Green's function (DGF) is applied to examine the effect of focal shift in a spherical microlens with the variation of the numerical aperture for a given Fresnel number when a monochromatic plane wave with x linear polarization is incident on the microlens. By comparing the results based on the method for the vector Kirchhoff diffraction theory [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22, 68-76 (2005)], the effect of the spherical aberration on focal shift in a microlens is evaluated, and the influences of NA as well as the spherical aberration on the transverse electric energy density distribution in the focal plane are also investigated. In contrast with other vector formulations of imaging theory, which mainly focus on the focal shift in an aplanatic system, the DGF method is more practical and effective to locate the principal maximum energy density along the normal axis and to study transverse electric energy density distribution, because the actual shape of a microlens and the effects of aberrations are considered. OCIS codes: 220.3630, 230.3990, 260.1960.

The quadrature coupling error is an important factor that affects the detection output of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes. In this study, two quadrature error control methods, quadrature force-to-rebalance control (Mode I) and quadrature stiffness control (Mode II) were analyzed. We obtained the main factors affecting the zero-rate output (ZRO) under force-to-rebalance (FTR) closed-loop detection. The analysis results showed that the circuit phase delay in Mode I caused the quadrature channel to leak into the in-phase channel. However, in Mode II, the quadrature coupling stiffness was corrected in real time, which effectively improved the stability of the ZRO. The changes in the vibration displacement and Q-factor were the main factors for the ZRO drift in Mode II. Therefore, we propose an online compensation method for ZRO drift based on multiparameter fusion. The experimental results on a cobweb-like disk resonator gyroscope (CDRG) with a 340 k Q-factor showed that the bias instability (BI) of Mode II was significantly better than that of Mode I. After online compensation, the BI reached 0.23°/h, and the bias repeatability reached 3.15°/h at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is regarded as an effective project delivery method that can deal with the challenge of the rapid development of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. In the IPD team, the alliance profit is not distributed fairly and effectively due to uncertainty, preventing the achievement of the IPD project goals. This study focuses on optimizing the profit distribution among stakeholders in IPD projects and uses quadratic programming models to solve fuzzy cooperative games in the IPD. A payoff function is used in the fuzzy alliance to determine the characteristics of the interval-valued fuzzy numbers, and different weights of the alliance and the efficiency of the player's participation in the IPD are considered in the profit distribution. A case study is conducted, and the results of the proposed method are compared with those of crisp cooperative games. The results show that the fuzzy cooperative game increases the profit of participants in IPD projects. It is more practical to use weight fuzzy cooperative games than crisp games to express imputation. Moreover, the quadratic programming models and methods result in a fair and efficient profit distribution scheme in IPD projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we report the first experimental results of a novel 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) p-i-n photodetector based on a vertical nanocone array (NCA). It is fabricated by electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technology. The performance of static and dynamic behavior was studied systematically. It shows the responsivity of ~41.9 mA/W under 360 nm at a bias voltage of −0.5 V and has a linear response to the ultraviolet (UV) light in a wide light intensity range of 0.1–104 mW/cm2. The response time decreased as the light intensity rose from 3 mW/cm2 to 5 W/cm2 and then leveled off at higher light intensity (>100 mW/cm2), which is about 0.25 ms. The photodetector −3-dB cutoff is ~3400 Hz at $\boldsymbol {\lambda } = 360$ nm and light intensity = 100 mW/cm2. Besides, the detector can respond to the UV light from 260 to 360 nm and the peak responsivity is ~78 mA/W at 320 nm. The analysis results have reference values for the development of an innovative 4H-SiC UV photodetector to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis procedure for evaluating the refractive index and the thickness of 5-10-[[micro]meter]-thick transparent films has been developed based on variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. As an example of application, results from an analysis of benzocyclobutene films are presented. The sensitivities in [Psi] and [Delta] with respect to the refractive index and the thickness of the films are also discussed. Key words: Spectroscopic ellipsometry, benzocyclobutene, refractive-index determination.

Myocardial infarction can lead to ventricular remodeling and arrhythmia, which is closely related to nerve remodeling. Our previous study found that Yiqi Huoxue decoction (YQHX) can improve ventricular remodeling and reduce myocardial damage. Therefore, in this study, we observed the effect of YQHX on cardiac neural remodeling and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and its possible mechanism. This research is composed of two parts: animal and H9c2 cells experiments. The animal model of acute myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. H9c2 cells were placed in 94% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2 hypoxic environment for 12 hours to replicate the hypoglycemic hypoxia model. The experimental results showed that, compared with the MI group, YQHX can significantly improve heart function after myocardial infarction and reduce nerve remodeling and myocardial hypertrophy. Pathological structure observation demonstrated reducing myocardial tissue damage and decreasing of cell cross-sectional area, diameter, and circumference. The positive rate of TH declined apparently, and the sympathetic nerve density was lower than that of the MI group. After YQHX was given for 28 days, the proneural remodeling factors TH, NGF, and GAP43 in the marginal zone of infarction and stellate ganglion decreased obviously while the inhibitory nerve remodeling factor Sema-3A increased. The myocardial hypertrophic protein ANP and β-MHC were also significantly inhibited with p-ERK1/2 protein expression level prominently reduced. There was no difference between the YQHX group and the Meto group. After myocardial infarction, nerve remodeling was seen in the marginal area of infarction and stellate ganglion, and the neuropeptides released by which promoted myocardial hypertrophy. The mechanism may be related to the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. YQHX could regulate the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, inhibit the release of nerve remodeling factors and myocardial hypertrophy protein to reduce nerve remodeling, and relieve myocardial hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The force-to-rebalance (FTR) closed-loop detection method is commonly used to expand the bandwidth (BW) for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes with low-frequency split and high-quality factors. However, the relationship between the BW and output noise is often incompatible; thus, reducing the detection accuracy of the gyroscope. This paper presents an analysis of the BW and noise spectra under modulation-demodulation FTR gyroscopes. The expressions for the BW and the noise-equivalent rate (NER) spectrum are derived to explore the effects of the loop gain on the BW and NER. It is demonstrated that the gain of the amplifier circuit is maximally transferred to the vibration displacement signal conversion part, which can reduce the output noise without affecting the BW. The simulation and experimental results on the Cobweb-like disk resonator gyroscope show that the derived expressions of BW and NER are correct, and the noise optimization method is effective, which provides an idea for the realization of a high-precision MEMS gyroscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-terminal 4H-SiC n-p-n bipolar phototransistor detector (PTD) with high gain is demonstrated. It was fabricated using the 4H-SiC epitaxial wafer grown by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition. The PTD shows a large photocurrent and responsivity enhancement over the conventional 4H-SiC p-i-n photodetector (PD). These enhancement effects are owing to the internal gain of the bipolar transistor. The detector shows a high optical gain of ~ 1450 at 360 nm and has a linear response to the ultraviolet (UV) light in the wide light intensity range of 0.7– 700 μW/cm2 at a low operating voltage of 3 V. The PTD can respond to the UV light from 220 to 340 nm and the peak responsivity is ~ 125A/W at 275 nm. This work is significant for developing high-performance SiC-based bipolar phototransistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the inherent resistance of bacterial biofilms to antibiotics and their serious threat to global public health, novel therapeutic agents and strategies to tackle biofilms are urgently needed. To this end, we designed and synthesized a novel guanidinium‐functionalized pillar[5]arene (GP5) that exhibited high antibacterial potency against Gram‐negative E. coli (BH101) and Gram‐positive S. aureus (ATCC25904) strains. More importantly, GP5 effectively disrupted preformed E. coli biofilms by efficient penetration through biofilm barriers and subsequent destruction of biofilm‐enclosed bacteria. Furthermore, host–guest complexation between GP5 and cefazolin sodium, a conventional antibiotic that otherwise shows negligible activity against biofilms, exhibited much enhanced, synergistic disruption activity against E. coli biofilms, thus providing a novel supramolecular platform to effectively disrupt biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering potential applications related to superconductivity and aerospace (typically less than 100 K), in this article, the temperature dependence of silicon carbide (SiC) power diodes is systematically characterized and analyzed over a wide temperature range of 90–478 K, especially focusing on cryogenic temperature. First, the static performance degradation mechanism of SiC diodes is established in an ultrawide temperature range, including forward/reverse I-V characteristics and junction capacitance (Cj) characteristics. Second, the reverse recovery characteristics are achieved, including peak reverse recovery current (Irm), reverse recovery charge (Qrr), and switching energy (Esw), clarifying a clearer internal relationship between reverse recovery and junction temperature. Meanwhile, the aforementioned critical parameters are further analyzed on an electrical scale with normal atmosphere temperature, including switching speed range of 62.3–2054.8 A/μs, load current range of 6–30 A, and dc voltage range of 400–1000 V. Third, based on newly proposed power loss analysis method, the continuous operation performance of SiC diodes is quantified and analyzed in actual cryogenic converters. The excellent temperature dependence indicates that SiC diodes have great superiority for extreme applications. Importantly, SiC mosfet's body diode shows the great potential to operate as a freewheeling diode in the compact converter, especially at cryogenic temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), a major global public health problem, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although the very best of modern approaches have proven effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, the poor prognosis of patients with IHD remains a major clinical concern. Cardiac energy metabolism is increasingly recognized as having a role in the pathogenesis of IHD, inducing metabolic substrate alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and deprivation of cardiac energy. Factors involved in cardiac energy metabolism provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of IHD. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have a long history of use in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases with multi-component, multi-target, and multi-signaling. Increasing evidence suggests that Chinese herbal medicines may improve myocardial ischemia through modulating cardiac energy metabolism. Here, we describe the possible targets and pathways of cardiac energy metabolism for CHMs, and appraise the modulatory effects of CHMs on energy metabolism in IHD. Especially, this review focuses on summarizing the metabolic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicines (including herbs, major bioactive components, and formulas) in IHD. In addition, we also discuss the current limitations and the major challenges for research investigating the use of CHMs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel cobweb-like disk resonator gyroscope (CDRG) with a very small frequency split between two degenerate modes has been designed and implemented. In comparison with the ring-like DRG (RDRG), the CDRG has fewer fabrication imperfections owing to its all-linear structure. In addition, the CDRG displays a superior nonlinear effect compared with the RDRG, and internal differential electrode excitation and detection were used to further reduce the nonlinear effect. The CDRGs and RDRGs were placed side by side on the same wafer, and the characteristics of these as-fabricated resonators were then tested. The results showed that the resonant frequencies and Q-factors of the CDRGs and RDRGs were approximately 18 kHz and nearly 100k, respectively. The smallest as-fabricated relative frequency split (29.9 ppm) of the CDRGs was about 10.8 times smaller than that (322.5 ppm) of an RDRG built side by side on the same wafer, which had the lowest relative frequency split among all current disk resonator gyros. Finally, the preliminary results for the performance of the CDRG and RDRG in the force-to-rebalance mode and mode matching are given. Under the same conditions, the maximum vibration displacement, scale factor, angular random walk, and bias instability of the CDRG were improved by 62.8%, 112%, 700%, and 314%, respectively, compared with the RDRG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

p+-Si/n-Zn2SiO4 heterojunction diodes were fabricated on Si substrate, and tested as X-ray detector for the first time in this letter. The devices exhibited good rectification properties at dark current, and the dark current density was $\sim 5.6\times 10^{\mathbf {-6}}$ A/cm2 at −40 V. An obvious response to X-ray illumination (generated by bremsstrahlung with a tungsten target with tube voltage 30 kV) was observed at reversed bias, and the photo-to-dark ratio exceeding 480 was achieved. Furthermore, the detector exhibited both photoconductive behavior and photovoltaic behavior to switching X-ray illumination, and response time and recovery time are discussed on both mechanisms. In addition, the detector showed fast response time less than 200 ms and the linear outputs against incident X-ray dose rate from 0.383 Gy/s to 4.596 Gy/s at zero-bias voltage. The results imply that the ultra-wide band gap Zn2SiO4 based junction-type detectors have the potential for passive X-ray dose detection and nuclear battery cell applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the static, dynamic, and short-circuit properties of 1.2-kV commercial 4H-SiC planar and trench gate metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are compared and analyzed in a wide temperature range from 90 to 493 K. The temperature-dependent specific ON-resistance (${R}_{\text {sp}- \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$) and threshold voltage (${V}_{\text {th}}$) are analyzed in relation to the density of the interface state. The turn-on rise and turn-off fall times (${T}_{r}$ and ${T}_{f}$) and the corresponding energy loss (${E}_{r}$ and ${E}_{f}$) are extracted from a double-pulse test from cryogenic to high temperature and analyzed. The short-circuit capability of the two structures is studied at low temperature for the first time. The comprehensive comparison and analysis of the planar and trench gate MOSFET versus temperature in this work show the importance to study applications with SiC MOSFETs in a wide temperature range, especially for the cryogenic temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequency symmetry of a cobweb-like disk resonator gyroscope (CDRG) has been compared with a conventional ring-like disk resonant gyroscope (RDRG) in this letter to corroborate that linear beam structures have a better process tolerance than curved beam structures for micro-fabrication processes. The CDRG comprises multiple concentric cobweb-like rings and each is formed by 16 identical straight beams joined end-to-end. It exhibits as-fabricated symmetric vibration behavior superior to RDRGs. To compare as-fabricated structural symmetry, CDRG and RDRG are placed side-by-side on the same wafer and simulated using COMSOL. A tested frequency split as low as 0.56 Hz is achieved for CDRG, and the average relative frequency split is 79.7 ppm, which is approximately seven times smaller than that of RDRG. Additionally, a temperature characteristics test demonstrates that the as-fabricated CDRG has excellent temperature stability, and the relative frequency split varied by 2.83 ppm in the temperature ranging from −20 °C to +80 °C. The proposed concept is verified by the simulation and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an enhanced stability strategy for the sense mode of a force-rebalanced closed-loop polysilicon micro-hemispherical resonating gyroscope (μHRG) with a high-Q quality-factor value (15.2k). The sense mode closed-loop control including the Coriolis force and quadrature error force rebalanced loop, respectively. Specific demodulation theoretical deductions with mode-split are performed to identify a precise linear model of the sense mode open loop. The frequency responses obtained by experimental tests show good agreement with the theoretical model. The experimental results demonstrate that a bandwidth of 10 Hz and a 0.51 Hz frequency-splitting closed loop gyroscope can be extended to 86 Hz and 3.3 Hz, from 6 Hz and 0.13 Hz in the open loop. The mode-matching (0.51 Hz frequency-splitting) gyroscope with closed loop control can achieve a scale factor of 2.25 mV/°/s with a nonlinearity of 0.087%, and a bias instability of 21.8°/hr with an angle random walk of 3.1°/√hr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]