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According to science, food allergy is a growing health problem. In home- and consumer studies (HCS), food and meals are central parts. According to the Education Act, teachers must be given professional development to create a safe environment for students. The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers in home economics and consumer studies experienced the conditions for teaching students with food allergies. The focus was on the classroom, routines, allocated budget, and professional development. Qualitative method was used. Nine qualified home economics teachers were interviewed based on a semi-structured question guide. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. The results showed that the classroom and the economic conditions limited the teaching. The teachers felt confident in their current knowledge but were positive about continuing education. Routine improvements regarding information management and action plan are desired. The study showed that the classroom was important for the teaching and that the few students with food allergies did not affect the budget in general. Routines around these students should be reconsidered. Basic education needs to be strengthened and teachers need to be given the opportunity for further training.

Objective To examine benefit-finding processes in families raising children with chronic food hypersensitivity and provide practical advice for practitioners and families. Background The existing literature primarily describes benefits individuals identify from adversity. This study addresses a literature gap by examining processes facilitating benefit-finding within families. Method This was a multicenter classical grounded theory study comparing benefit-finding processes through analysis of semistructured interviews with 11 families (48 nuclear family members). Results Three main benefit-finding processes were identified, forming a hierarchical benefit-finding process model: It Could Be Worse (benefit-finding); Silver Lining (benefit-reminding generating positive affect); Action Advantage (benefit-reminding generating advantageous behavior change). Enhanced family functioning and well-being was observed with Action Advantage. Parental training facilitated Action Advantage. Parental role-modeling and reinforcement transferred benefit-finding processes among family members, producing a shared family process. Conclusions Training parents to model Action Advantage benefit-finding and implementing Family Management Plans addressing biopsychosocial well-being of all family members is recommended. Evidence suggests such actions may enhance family functioning, cohesive relationships, and well-being. Implications Translatable findings advance theory and may facilitate benefit-finding process assessment instruments, interventions, and teachable strategies for practitioners and researchers supporting families raising children with chronic food hypersensitivity.

Objective The development and the evaluation of the Healthy Meals web app designed for professionals from different disciplines related to food, aimed to assess the nutritional and food allergen content of restaurant meals, was described. Methods App evaluation concerned: (1) usability, scored on a 7-point scale by 6 restaurateurs and 10 nutritionists through the Computer System Usability Questionnaire; (2) quality, scored on a 5-point scale by 10 nutritionists through the Mobile App Rating Scale; (3) validation, by two nutritionists through differences in entered nutrient contents. Ratings reliability was assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient. Results Users agreed with the web app usability (mean 5.6/7 points, SD 0.9), with moderate reliability among ratings (interclass correlation coefficient?=?0.57; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.82). The web app showed good objective quality (mean 4.0/5 points, SD 0.4), with excellent reliability among nutritionists (interclass correlation coefficient?=?0.91; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96). For web app validation, no significant differences were observed between the two nutritionists’ data, with excellent reliability (interclass correlation coefficient?=?0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99). App data entry was identified as a point to improve. Conclusions The Healthy Meals web app designed for professionals related to food, such as restaurateurs, demonstrated to be usable, of good quality and valid for dishes nutritional assessment and food allergen identification. Points to improve were identified, while app effectiveness should be tested in trials.

Introduction: One of the consequences of bariatric surgery is food intolerance, usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and dumping syndrome. An imbalance in the intestinal microbiota that produces harmful effects to the patient is called intestinal dysbiosis, which can cause diarrhea, constipation, worsening symptoms of lactose intolerance and other symptoms. Objective: To investigate the association between the risk of intestinal dysbiosis and food intolerance in the postoperative period of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted with patients who underwent bariatric surgery within the scope of the Sistema Único de Saúde. Data were collected from medical records and a semi-structured questionnaire containing questions about food intolerance was applied, the Bristol scale was used to analyze stool consistency and a questionnaire to identify the risk of dysbiosis was applied. Results: The sample consisted of 32 patients, 84.4% of whom were female. Of those evaluated, 81.3% stated that the quality of the food was excellent or good and 43.8% of the sample had food intolerance. The most reported symptoms were diarrhea (42.8%) and vomiting (28.6%). The dysbiosis risk questionnaire showed that 37.5% of the sample had a high risk of dysbiosis. There was no statistical difference in the association between the risk of dysbiosis and food intolerance. Conclusion: There was a moderate prevalence of food intolerance and a low prevalence of risk of intestinal dysbiosis. The results showed that risk of dysbiosis was not related to a food intolerance., Introdução: Uma das consequências da cirurgia bariátrica é a intolerância alimentar, geralmente vem acompanhada por náuseas, vômito, diarreia, obstipação e síndrome de dumping. Um desequilíbrio na microbiota intestinal que produz efeitos prejudiciais ao paciente é chamado de disbiose intestinal, que pode causar diarreia, constipação, piora nos sintomas de intolerância à lactose entre outros sintomas. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o risco de disbiose intestinal e intolerância alimentar no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de caráter observacional, transversal realizado com pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram coletados dados de prontuário e aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado contendo questões sobre intolerância alimentar, a escala de Bristol para analisar a consistência das fezes e um questionário para identificação do risco de disbiose. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 32 pacientes, sendo 84,4% do sexo feminino. Dos avaliados, 81,3% afirmaram que a qualidade da alimentação era excelente ou boa e 43,8% da amostra apresentou intolerância alimentar. Os sintomas mais relatados foram diarreia (42,8%) e vômito (28,6%). O questionário de risco de disbiose demonstrou que 37,5% da amostra apresentou alto risco de disbiose. Não houve diferença estatística na associação entre o risco de disbiose e intolerância alimentar. Conclusão: Observou-se uma prevalência moderada de intolerância alimentar e baixa prevalência de risco de disbiose intestinal. Os resultados mostraram que a disbiose intestinal não esteve relacionada a intolerância alimentar.

Tato bakalářská práce je literární rešerší na téma potravinové intolerance. Pojednává o potravinových intolerancích obecně, o jejich mechanismech, projevech, diagnostice a rozdílu mezi potravinovou intolerancí a alergií. Dále se věnuje jednotlivým intolerancím, konkrétně intoleranci laktózy, neceliakální glutenové senzitivitě a některým méně běžným intolerancím, jako jsou intolerance histaminu, salicylátů, kofeinu, glutamátů, FODMAP a fenylketonurie. Vždy je zmíněno také dietní řešení každé intolerance., This bachelor thesis is a literary research on the topic of food intolerance. It deals with food intolerances in general, their mechanisms, manifestations, diagnosis, and the difference between food intolerance and allergies. It also addresses individual intolerances, namely lactose intolerance, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and some less common intolerances such as intolerance of histamine, salicylates, caffeine, glutamate, FODMAP and phenylketonuria. The dietary solution of each intolerance is always mentioned., Fakulta chemicko-technologická, Studentka seznámila členy zkušební komise s obsahem své bakalářské práce, poté byla seznámena s posudkem vedoucího bakalářské práce. Studentka odpověděla na otázky členů zkušební komise., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

©Floriana Mandracchia, Elisabet Llauradó, Lucia Tarro, Rosa Maria Valls, Rosa Solà. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 16.09.2020. BACKGROUND: Food allergies and intolerances are increasing worldwide, and mobile phone apps could be a promising tool for self-management of these issues. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systemically search and assess food allergy or intolerance apps in app stores using the multidimensional Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) to rate the objective and subjective quality and to identify critical points for future improvements. METHODS: This systematic search identified apps through the keywords food allergy, food intolerance, and allergens in English, Spanish, and Italian in the Apple App Store (iOS) and Google Play Store (Android). The inclusion criteria were a user star rating of ≥3 (of 5 stars) to limit the selection to the most highly rated apps; ≥1000 reviews as an indicator of reliability; and the most recent update performed up to 2017. Then, the apps were divided according to their purpose (searching for allergen-free food products, restaurants, or recipes in meal planners) and evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 points using the MARS in terms of (1) app classification category with a descriptive aim; (2) app subjective and objective quality categories comprised of engagement, functionality, esthetics, and information sections (Medline was searched for eligible apps to check whether they had been tested in trials); and (3) an optional app-specific section. Furthermore, the output and input features were evaluated. Differences between MARS sections and between app purposes and correlations among MARS sections, star ratings, and numbers of reviews were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 1376 apps identified, 14 wer

The association between diet and health, as well as the increasing number of cases of food intolerances has encouraged the food industry to innovate in products that have good nutritional properties and are appreciated by both their sensory attributes and the convenience of preparation and consumption. Based on the above, this work had a prebiotic use of fructo-oligosaccharides as a substitute for conventional sugar in strawberry aerated desserts with a non-dairy matrix. For this purpose, three formulations were prepared: S1 - control - 100% sucrose, S2 - 50% sucrose and 50% (FOS) and S3 - 100% FOS; microbiological (Coliforms 35 and 45 oC), physico-chemical (proximate composition and caloric value) and sensory analysis (color, aroma, consistency, taste, overall impression and purchase intent) were performed. All desserts met the microbiological and physico-chemical standards. For the sensory characteristics, the S1 and S2 formulations had the highest average for the evaluated attributes. Thus, it was concluded that it the preparation soy-based desserts, with replacement of sucrose by FOS is feasible, well accepted and nutritious., A associação entre alimentação e saúde, bem como o crescente número de casos de intolerâncias alimentares tem motivado a indústria alimentícia a inovar em produtos que possuam boas propriedades nutricionais e sejam apreciados tanto pelos atributos sensoriais quanto pela praticidade de preparo e consumo. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a utilização de prebióticos fruto-oligossacarídeos como substituto do açúcar convencional em sobremesas aeradas de morango com matriz não láctea. Para esse propósito, foram elaboradas três formulações: S1 - controle – 100% sacarose, S2 - 50% sacarose e 50% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) e S3 - 100% FOS; além de realizadas análises microbiológicas (Coliformes 35 e 45oC), físico-químicas (composição centesimal e valor calórico) e sensoriais (cor, aroma, consistência, sabor, impressão global e intenção de compra). Todas as sobremesas atenderam aos padrões microbiológicos e físico-químicos. Quanto às características sensoriais, as formulações S1 e S2 apresentaram as maiores médias para os atributos avaliados. Desta forma, conclui-se que a elaboração de sobremesas à base de soja, com substituição da sacarose pelo FOS é viável, bem aceita e nutritiva.

Gastrointestinal disturbances, nutritional deficiencies, and food intolerances are frequently observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). To reveal possible association of celiac disease risk variants (HLA-DQ), lactose intolerance associated variant (LCT-13910C gt T) as well as variant associated with vitamin D function (VDR FokI) with NDD, polymerase chain reaction-based methodology was used. Additionally, intestinal peptide permeability was estimated in NDD patients and healthy children by measuring the level of peptides in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Levels of opioid peptides, casomorphin 8, and gluten exorphin C were significantly elevated in urine samples of NDD patients (P = 0.004 and P = 0.005, respectively), but no association of genetic risk variants for celiac disease and lactose intolerance with NDD was found. Our results indicate that increased intestinal peptide permeability observed in analyzed NDD patients is not associated with genetic predictors of celiac disease or lactose intolerance. We have also found that FF genotype of VDR FokI and lower serum levels of vitamin D (25-OH) showed association with childhood autism (CHA), a subgroup of NDD. We hypothesize that vitamin D might be important for the development of CHA.

Food intolerance (FI) in children is one of the most common manifestations of allergy in early childhood, which is confirmed by the results of many epidemiological studies. Studies have shown that the degree of permeability of the intestinal wall is an important link not only in the pathogenesis of FI, but also in the formation of processes of immune tolerance and maturation of immunity.The aim of the study was to research the prevalence and correlation-statistical relationships of dysfunction of the intestinal barrier in children with symptoms of FI on the skin.Materials and methods. The primary medical documentation of 154 patients (boys - 76 (49.4%), girls - 78 (50.6%)) with symptoms of food allergy on the skin, age 27.56 [12.98; 56.08] months.Results. The number of patients with a positive urine test result for permeability of the intestinal barrier for lactulose was 64.3% (n = 99). Every two children out of three (76.5%, n = 26) with symptoms of FI on the skin before the age of 1 year had signs of increased intercellular transport in the intestinal epithelium, which was manifested by the absorption of lactulose. The normal function of the intestinal barrier had less than half of patients under 3 years old. Out of them, 26.3% (n = 26) are children under the age of 1 year, 48.48% are from 1 year to 3 years old. The permeability of the intestine for the lactulose molecule tended to increase in boys (55.6% vs. 44.4%, χ2 = 2.67, p = 0.10) in early childhood. Among schoolchildren, on the contrary, girls prevailed 57.1% against 42.9% (χ2 = 0.29, р = 0.59). Correlation analysis revealed a reliable relationship between the presence of skin barrier permeability and the age of patients and the age of debut of FI symptoms on the skin (r = -0.25, p <0.05 and r = -0.25, p <0.05), but the lactulose level was not associated with sex and duration of the disease. The level of lactulose was not significantly different in children of different age groups (χ2 = 5.83, df = 4, Пищевая гиперчувствительность (ПГ) у детей – это одно из наиболее распространенных проявлений аллергии в раннем детском возрасте, что подтверждается результатами многих эпидемиологических работ. Исследования показали, что степень проницаемости стенки кишечника важное звено не только в патогенезе ПГ, но и в формировании процессов иммунной толерантности и созревании иммунитета.Целью работы было изучить распространенность и корреляционно-статистические связи дисфункции кишечного барьера у детей с симптомами ПГ на коже. Материалы и методы. Проанализировали первичную медицинскую документацию 154 пациентов (мальчиков – 76 (49,4 %), девочек – 78 (50,6 %)) с симптомами пищевой аллергии на коже, возраст 27,56 [12,98; 56,08] месяцев.Результаты. Количество пациентов с позитивным результатом теста мочи на проницаемость барьера кишечника для лактулозы составило 64,3 % (n=99). Каждые два ребенка из трех (76,5 %, n=26) с симптомами ПГ на коже в возрасте до 1года имели признаки повышенного межклеточного транспорта в эпителии кишечника, что проявлялось всасыванием лактулозы. Нормальную функцию кишечного барьера имели меньше половины пациентов возрастом до 3 лет. Из них – 26,3 % (n=26) - дети в возрасте до 1 года, 48,48 % - возрастом от 1 года до 3 лет. Проницаемость кишечника для молекулы лактулозы имела тенденцию к увеличению у мальчиков (55,6 % против 44,4 %, χ2=2,67, р=0,10) в раннем детском возрасте. Среди школьников, наоборот, превалировали девочки 57,1 % против 42,9 % (χ2=0,29, р=0,59). Корреляционный анализ выявил достоверную связь между наличием проницаемости кожного барьера и возрастом пациентов и возрастом дебюта симптомов ПГ на коже (r=-0,25, p<0,05 та r=-0,25, p<0,05), но уровень лактулозы не был связан с полом и длительностью заболевания. Уровень лактулозы достоверно не отличался у детей разных возрастных групп (χ2= 5,83, df = 4, p = 0,21).Выводы. Повышенная проницаемость кишечника была выявлена у 64,3 % детей с симптомами ПГ на коже, 74 % таких пациентов относятс, Харчова гіперчутливість (ХГ) у дітей є одним з найпоширеніших проявів алергії в ранньому дитячому віці, що підтверджується результатами багатьох епідеміологічних робіт. Дослідження показали, що ступінь проникності стінки кишківника важлива ланка не тільки у патогенезі ХГ, так і у формуванні процесів імунної толерантності та дозрівання імунної системи.Метою роботи було вивчити поширення, кореляційно-статистичних зв’язків дисфункції кишкового бар’єру у дітей із симптомами ХГ на шкірі.Матеріали та методи. Проаналізували первинну медичну документацію 154 пацієнтів (хлопчиків – 76 (49,4 %), дівчаток – 78 (50,6 %)) із симптомами харчової алергії на шкірі, вік 27,56 [12,98; 56,08] місяців.Результати. Кількість пацієнтів із позитивним результатом тесту сечі на проникність бар’єру кишківника для лактулози становила 64,3 % (n=99). Кожні дві дитини із трьох (76,5 %, n=26) із симптомами ХГ на шкірі віком до 1 року мали ознаки підвищення міжклітинного транспорту у епітелії кишківника, що проявлялося надлишковим всмоктуванням лактулози. Нормальну функцію кишкового бар’єру мали менше половини пацієнтів віком від 1 до 3 років. З них – 26,3 % (n=26) діти віком до 1 року, 48,5 % - віком від 1 до 3 років. Проникність кишківника для макромолекули лактулози мала тенденцію до збільшення у хлопчиків (55,6 % проти 44,4 %, χ2=2,67, р=0,10) у ранньому дитячому віці. У шкільному віці, навпаки, превалювали дівчатка 57,1 % проти 42,9 % (χ2=0,29, р=0,59). Кореляційний аналіз виявив достовірний зв’язок між наявністю проникності кишкового бар’єру – віком дітей та кишкового бар’єру – віком появи перших симптомів ХГ на шкірі (r=-0,25, p<0,05 та r=-0,25, p<0,05), але рівень лактулози не мав достовірної кореляції із статтю, а також тривалістю захворювання. Рівень лактулози достовірно не відрізнявся у дітей із різних вікових груп (χ2=5,83, df=4, p=0,21).Висновки. Підвищену проникність кишківника було виявлено у 64,3 % дітей із симптомами ХГ на шкірі, 74 % таких пацієнтів відносяться до вікових гр

[ES]: [Antecedentes y objetivo] La sensibilidad química múltiple (SQM) es un síndrome complejo, adquirido, crónico y multifactorial, con amplia sintomatología. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer los hábitos alimentarios, las características dietéticas y la actividad física, así como sus condicionantes en un colectivo afectado de SQM, lo que permitirá un abordaje más preciso para la mejora de su estado nutricional. [Pacientes y método] Estudio descriptivo y transversal en pacientes con SQM. Se recogió información mediante cuestionarios adaptados sobre presencia de comorbilidades, hábitos dietéticos (consumo de complementos/suplementos, tipos de dietas) y de compra, así como registro de ingesta dietética, intolerancias alimentarias y actividad física. [Resultados] Se incluyó a 52 pacientes (48 mujeres) de 50,9 ± 10,3 años de edad media. Fue habitual el diagnóstico conjunto de SQM con síndrome de fatiga crónica (70,1%), fibromialgia (65,4%) o electrosensibilidad (51,9%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron colon irritable, reflujo gastroesofágico y depresión/trastorno ansioso-depresivo. El 57,7% seguía regímenes de exclusión. El 52,1% consumía complementos/suplementos habitualmente (6,4 ± 5,2 por persona) y el 16,0% tomaba más de 10 diarios. Fue elevado el porcentaje de voluntarios que no alcanzó las raciones aconsejadas de lácteos (84,3%), frutas (82,3%) y cereales (64,7%), coincidiendo con los alimentos con mayor intolerancia. Con respecto a la actividad física, los sujetos activos solo representaban el 12,5%. [Conclusiones] Los datos obtenidos confirman la necesidad de mejora del patrón alimentario y realización de actividad física según características individuales. La educación nutricional y personalización de las pautas podrían evitar dietas incompletas, monótonas y desequilibradas que empeoren la calidad de vida y situación fisiológica., [EN]: [Background and objective] Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex, acquired, chronic syndrome of multifactorial etiology with multiple symptoms. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional habits, dietary characteristics and physical activity, as well as their determinants, of a population diagnosed with MCS, which may allow for a more precise approach to nutritional improvement. [Patients and method] A descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients diagnosed with MCS. Information was collected using adapted questionnaires. Data included presence of comorbidities, nutritional (use of supplements, types of diet) and food purchasing habits. Dietary intake, food intolerances, and physical activity were also recorded. [Results] The study included of 52 patients (48 female) aged 50.9±10.3 years. Diagnosis of MCS was commonly associated to chronic fatigue syndrome (70.1%), fibromyalgia (65.4%), or electrosensitivity (51.9%). The most common comorbidities were irritable bowel, gastroesophageal reflux, and depression/anxiety-depressive disorder. Exclusion diets were followed by 57.7%, 52.1% commonly used supplements (6.4±5.2 per person), and 16.0% took more than 10 daily. A high proportion of volunteers did not take the recommended amounts of dairy products (84.3%), fruit (82.3%), and cereals (64.7%), the foods to which intolerance was greatest. As regards physical activity, active subjects only represented 12.5%. [Conclusions] The data collected support the need to improve food pattern and to perform physical activity according to individual characteristics. Nutritional education and diet personalization could prevent incomplete, monotonous, and unbalanced diets which impair quality of life and physiological status.

Найбільш ефективним способом корекції побічних реакцій на їжу є повна елімінація тригерного продукту. Діагностичні можливості, наявні в арсеналі сучасного лікаря, як і раніше, недостатні, оскільки дозволяють з високим ступенем вірогідності визначати лише окремі варіанти харчової непереносимості. Як золотий стандарт діагностики і лікування таких реакцій ми продовжуємо використовувати різні види дієтичних інтервенцій. У статті детально розглянуті діагностичні можливості елімінаційної дієти й дієти виключення. Як додатковий патогенетично обґрунтований напрямок терапевтичного впливу при харчовій непереносимості розглядається дисбіоз кишечника, в лікуванні якого у дорослих і дітей з успіхом застосовуються антагоністи патогенної бактеріальної флори, що самоелімінуються. Один із представників цієї групи препаратів — Біоспорин, що містить спороутворюючі бактерії Bacillus subtilis і Bacillus licheniformis., Наиболее эффективным способом коррекции побочных реакций на пищу является полная элиминация триггерного продукта. Диагностические возможности, имеющиеся в арсенале современного врача, по-прежнему недостаточны, поскольку позволяют с высокой степенью достоверности определять лишь отдельные варианты пищевой непереносимости. В качестве золотого стандарта диагностики и лечения подобных реакций мы продолжаем использовать различные виды диетических интервенций. В статье детально рассмотрены диагностические возможности элиминационной диеты и диеты исключения. В качестве дополнительного патогенетически обоснованного направления терапевтического воздействия при пищевой непереносимости рассматривается дисбиоз кишечника, в лечении которого у взрослых и детей с успехом применяются самоэлиминирующиеся антагонисты патогенной бактериальной флоры. Один из представителей данной группы препаратов — Биоспорин, содержащий спорообразующие бактерии Bacillus subtilis и Bacillus licheniformis., The most effective way of correcting adverse reactions to food is to completely eliminate the trigger product. The diagnostic capabilities available in the arsenal of modern physician’s are still insufficient, since only certain types of food intolerance can be determined with a high degree of certainty. As a gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of such reactions, we continue to use various types of dietary interventions. The article examines in detail the diagnostic capabilities of the elimination diet and the controlled diet. As an additional, pathogenetically substantiated direction of therapeutic effect in food intolerance, dysbiosis of the intestine is considered, in the treatment of which adults and children successfully use self-eliminating antagonists of pathogenic bacterial flora. One of the representatives of this group of drugs is Biosporin containing spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis.

RIVM rapport:In 2014 en 2015 zijn de Europese normen voor een veilige blootstelling aan Bisfenol A (BPA) van werknemers en consumenten aangescherpt. Het RIVM concludeert dat nieuwe inzichten voldoende aanleiding vormen om verdere aanscherping van de normen te overwegen en stelt voor op korte termijn aanvullende maatregelen te treffen die de blootstelling aan BPA verder verminderen. Bisfenol A (BPA) is een stof die in veel producten zit, zoals kassabonnen, bouwmaterialen (verf en coatings), verpakkingsmateriaal van voedsel, speelgoed en medische hulpmiddelen. BPA is bij een te hoge blootstelling schadelijk voor de vruchtbaarheid en kan effect op het hormoonsysteem hebben. Nieuwe studies laten zien dat BPA het immuunsysteem van de ongeboren vrucht of jonge kinderen kan schaden bij een lager blootstellingsniveau dan het niveau waarop de huidige normen zijn gebaseerd. Dit lagere blootstellingsniveau is van ongeveer dezelfde grootte als de dagelijkse blootstelling van consumenten en werknemers aan BPA. Als gevolg van deze blootstelling hebben mensen mogelijk meer kans om voedselintoleranties te ontwikkelen en kunnen ze gevoeliger voor infectieziekten worden. Op basis van deze nieuwe inzichten wordt de rijksoverheid geadviseerd waar mogelijk op korte termijn de blootstelling aan BPA te verminderen. De bescherming van kleine kinderen, zwangeren en vrouwen die borstvoeding geven verdient hierbij bijzondere aandacht. Kleine en ongeboren kinderen zijn namelijk gevoeliger dan volwassenen voor de effecten van BPA doordat hun lichaam sterk in ontwikkeling is. De blootstelling kan bijvoorbeeld worden verminderd door veilige alternatieven te ontwikkelen, of ervoor te zorgen dat er minder BPA vrijkomt uit producten waar deze stof in wordt gebruikt. Daarnaast kunnen werknemers tegen blootstelling aan BPA worden beschermd. Een lagere blootstelling is ook van belang voor dieren in waterbodems, die nadelige effecten ondervinden bij de huidige BPA-concentratie- niveaus., More stringent European standards for safe exposure of workers and consumers to bisphenol A (BPA) were proposed in 2014 and 2015. The Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has concluded that new insights sufficiently warrant consideration of even more stringent standards and has recommended taking supplementary measures in the near future for a further reduction of BPA exposure. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance that occurs in numerous products, such as cash register receipts, building materials (paint and coatings), food packaging materials, toys and medical devices. Excessive BPA exposure is harmful to fertility and can affect the hormone system. New studies show that BPA can impair the immune system of unborn and young children at a lower exposure level than the one on which the current standards are based. This lower level is roughly comparable to the current every day BPA exposure level of workers and consumers. As a result of this exposure, people could have a greater probability of developing food intolerances and could become more susceptible to infectious diseases. Based on these new insights RIVM advises the national government to reduce BPA exposure in the short term wherever possible. Special attention needs to be devoted to protecting small children, pregnant women and women who breastfeed. This is because developing unborn and young children are more sensitive than adults to the effects of BPA. Ways to reduce exposure include developing safe alternatives or ensuring that less BPA is released from products. Additionally, workers can be protected against BPA exposure. Lower exposure is also important for sediment-dwelling animals that experience adverse effects due to current BPA concentration levels.

Побочные реакции на пищу у взрослых и детей (пищевая непереносимость) являются на сегодня актуальной проблемой, поскольку современная диета состоит преимущественно из преобразованных и ненатуральных продуктов. В статье детально рассмотрены причины и механизмы формирования различных видов пищевой непереносимости. В числе причин патологической реакции на пищу рассматривается дисбиоз кишечника, в лечении которого у взрослых и детей сегодня с успехом применяются самоэлиминирующиеся антагонисты патогенной бактериальной флоры. Яркий представитель данной группы препаратов — «Биоспорин», содержащий спорообразующие бактерии Bacillus subtilis и Bacillus licheniformis.Ключевые слова: пищевая непереносимость, дисбиоз кишечника, самоэлиминирующиеся антагонисты патогенной бактериальной флоры, Биоспорин., Патологічні реакції на їжу у дорослих і дітей (харчова непереносимість) є сьогодні актуальною проблемою, тому що сучасна дієта переважно складається з перетворених і ненатуральних продуктів. У статті детально розглянуто причини і механізми формування різних видів харчової непереносимості. Серед причин патологічної реакції на їжу розглядається дисбіоз кишечника, у лікуванні якого у дорослих і дітей сьогодні успішно застосовуються самоелімінуючі антагоністи патогенної бактеріальної флори. Яскравий представник даної групи препаратів — «Біоспорин», що містить споротвірні бактерії Bacillus subtilis і Bacillus licheniformis.Ключові слова: харчова непереносимість, дисбіоз кишечника, самоелімінуючі антагоністи патогенної бактеріальної флори, Біоспорин., The problem of adverse reactions to food in children and adults (food intolerance) is one of the urgent questions for today, because the modern diet consists mainly of converted and non-natural products. In the article the causes and mechanisms of formation of different kinds of food intolerance were discussed in details. One of the reasons for abnormal reaction to food considered to be intestinal dysbiosis. For today for the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis of adults and children successfully used self-eliminated antagonists of pathogenic bacterial flora. Bright representative of this group of preparations is «Biosporin», containing the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis.Key words: food intolerance, intestinal dysbiosis, self-eliminated antagonists of pathogenic bacterial flora, Biosporin.

Food trends are evolving in many ways and one of the biggest upcoming trends is the free-from diet, which represents products free from allergen ingredients such as gluten, lactose, etc. The trend has reached individuals with food intolerances as well as people with a health conscious mind who believe this being a healthier way of living. In general, the amount of individuals who are starting to be aware of the free-from term and concept is constantly increasing. The purpose of this master thesis is to evaluate the current adaptation of allergen free products among Swedish bakeries and patisseries from a marketing perspective. The identified problem in the field is the lack of information concerning how bakeries and patisseries are marketing the allergen free products. The literature review presents different food trends and definitions based on current literature as a conceptual basis for the analysis. In order to answer the research question, a quantitative method in form of a survey was used. There were 38 companies who participated in the survey and the results show that the majority does not market the allergen free products in a different way compared to regular products and that competition within this market is experienced to be rather low. In the analysis, the results are divided into companies with and without allergen free products. This Master‟s Thesis concludes that bakeries and patisseries in Sweden have successfully introduced allergen free products to the market, but they need to set a deeper focus on the free-from marketing of such products in order to survive future competition. Moreover, marketing implications are formulated for the Swedish bakery Swebake AB, which is the cooperation company for this thesis. In the last part of this thesis, fields of further research are named.

Gestational diabetes mellitus in Tanzania – public health perspectives Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycaemia of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Women with GDM are at increased risk for preeclampsia during pregnancy and for delivery complications. In most cases GDM ends after pregnancy, but it increases the risk for future type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, to both the mother and the child. With the current increase in prevalence of overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes in Tanzania and other Sub Saharan African countries, it is possible that GDM may exist and may be on the rise. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done in 2011 through 2013 where 910 women in Tanzania (609 from urban, 301 from rural areas) were studied during their usual antenatal clinic visits. Weight, height, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), blood pressure and haemoglobin levels were measured by a trained technician. Blood glucose was measured at fasting and at two hours after 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Women were classified as having GDM using WHO 1999 criteria. Sociodemographic information was collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaire or retrieved from the antenatal clinic card. Dietary intake data was collected using 24-hour recall interview and foods were categorised into groups based on dietary diversity. The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess activities in the past one week. Information on birth outcome was obtained from 466 urban mothers (response rate 77%) through telephone interviews. To estimate the burden of GDM in the region, we additionally conducted a systematic search of published literature on the prevalence and risk factors of GDM in Sub Saharan Africa. Out of the 22 reviewed studies, 15 studies graded as having low or moderate risk of bias were included in a meta-regressi

Sommige mensen hebben problemen met de vertering van lactose. Maar deze mensen kunnen yoghurt en andere gefermenteerde producten wel heel goed verdragen.

Allergiediëtist Berta Beusekamp uit Groningen stelde deze vraag: wat is een noot?

La prise en charge des patients souffrant d’hypersensibilité alimentaire passe nécessairement par un diagnostic correct et précis et les conseils diététiques adéquats. Les erreurs peuvent conduire à une importante altération de la qualité de vie du patient et, dans certains cas, à des réactions mettant en jeu son pronostic vital. Cet article a pour but de détailler les différences entre hypersensibilités alimentaires allergique et non allergique., The management of patients suffering from food hypersensitivity requires a correct and accurate diagnosis with appropriate dietary advice. Mistakes can lead to important alterations in quality of life for the patient and, sometimes, exposure to life-threatening reactions. In this review, we will aim to detail the differences between allergic and non-allergic food hypersensitivities.

Wanneer kinderen vanaf 5 jaar minder goed lactose kunnen verteren, is er sprake van lactose-intolerantie. Hoe kunnen zij toch voldoende voedingsstoffen binnenkrijgen? Elke zuigeling is in staat om lactose in moedermelk goed te verteren, omdat ze voldoende lactase aanmaken. Het enzym lactase splitst lactose in de darmmucosa in glucose en galactose. Na het derde levensjaar neemt de productie van lactase af, maar de meeste mensen in Nederland (ongeveer 94 %) en Europa blijven voldoende aanmaken. Dit is te danken aan een genetische variant bij Kaukasiërs waar de meeste Europeanen van afstammen. In andere werelddelen komt lactose-intolerantie vaker voor (zie wereldkaart).

De JGZ-richtlijn Voedselovergevoeligheid wil duidelijkheid scheppen in de diagnostiek en zorgen voor eenduidige voorlichting en begeleiding. Ook moet de aanpak van voedselovergevoeligheid in de JGZ aansluiten bij het beleid van huisartsen, kinderartsen en diëtisten. Welke rol speelt de diëtist?

Prof. dr. ir. Huub Savelkoul, hoogleraar Celbiologie en Immunologie aan Wageningen University, legt de relatie tussen melkallergie en het immuunsysteem uit.

Dit document bevat uitnodiging, persbericht en foto's van het Allergiefestijn.

In het kielzog van Lady Gaga, Oprah Winfrey en cardioloog William Davis schrappen steeds meer mensen producten als tarwebrood en pasta uit hun menu. Een glutenvrij dieet zou een heilzaam effect hebben, ook als geen sprake is van allergie. Wat is daarvan waar? En wat is wijsheid als iemand denkt gevoelig te zijn voor gluten?

Grensverleggers zijn vernieuwende ondernemers in hun branche. Pioniers die in letterlijke en figuurlijke zin grenzen overschrijden. Dutch Spices uit Nijkerk heeft een droom: allergeenvrije voeding voor iedereen. "Wij zijn de smaakmakers van de levensmiddelenindustrie en deze industrie brengt daarmee ook allergenen mee de foodindustrie in. Daar kunnen we nu eindelijk een eind aan maken", zegt commercieel manager Thédor van der Vleuten.

Marjan van Ravenhorst, eigenaar van Allergenen Consultancy, houdt zich al bijna twintig jaar bezig met allergenen. Ze meent dat er bij voedingsmiddelenbedrijven nog steeds veel verbeterd kan worden. Op alle producten de waarschuwing plaatsen dat er sporen van een allergeen in zouden kunnen zitten, is echter géén goede oplossing. Dan nemen consumenten de waarschuwing niet meer serieus. Fabrikanten moeten uitgaan van reële risico’s.

This thesis conducts a cultural analysis of the social implications of food allergies and intolerances and analyzes the interaction of individual experience and social structures by asking what it means when one chooses not to follow the normative food culture, such as with vegetarian and vegan diets, or when one physically cannot, such as in the case of food allergies and intolerances, specifically Celiac. By focusing on lifestyle and dietary eaters, that is, consumers adhering to ʻalternativeʼ diets, such as veganism or vegetarianism, and individuals diagnosed with (or affected by) food allergies and intolerance, this research analyzes how (non)participation in the mainstream eating community is both a challenge and source of how people removed from the eating community understand themselves via social interaction. With theoretical structuring from Pasi Falkʼs eating communities, Bryan Turnerʼs phenomenology of sickness, Erving Goffmanʼs rules of conduct, and Pierre Bourdieuʼs taste, distinction, and habitus, and using my insights from work with the Swedish non-dairy food manufacturer Oatly as a case study, I address what happens when one is suddenly outside the mainstream eating community. In order to address the tensions between eating communities, which grew from an analysis of participant responses, I analyze the following insights: How does the separation affect oneʼs relationship to food, to oneʼs self, and to society and what does it mean for (re)establishing community? How are people deliberately using food as distinction to distance themselves from the food culture, while others actively employ camouflage strategies? What, how, and by whom is disease legitimized? From these questions I have identified several analytical themes, including: 1. the problems raised from the interaction of competing versions of food culture, 2. the construction of an individual and community self via consumption, 3. conflicting definitions of ʻfoodʼ and what is edible, 4. food

Plantenfysioloog Luud Gilissen van Plant Research International werkte aan het opzetten van een glutenvrije keten voor haver. Het succes daarvan leidde tot een nieuw initiatief met medewerking van meer bedrijven om een haverketen op grotere schaal op te zetten.

Objectives: A dietary link to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been suspected and an influence on arthritic symptoms by different diets has been reported. Our primary aim was to record the self-experienced adverse food reactions in patients with RA. A secondary aim was to relate self-experienced adverse reactions to dairy produce and wheat to the local mucosal reactivity observed after rectal challenge with cow's milk protein (CM) and wheat gluten. Methods: A questionnaire about self-experienced adverse reaction to food was sent to 347 RA patients. Rectal challenge with CM and gluten was performed in 27 of these patients and in healthy controls (n = 18). After a 15-h challenge the mucosal production of nitric oxide (NO) and the mucosal release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured by using the mucosal patch technique. Results: Twenty-seven per cent of the RA patients reported food intolerance (FI) to various foods, and in particular to CM, meat, and wheat gluten. Strong mucosal reactivity to CM was observed in 11% of the patients. Moderately increased mucosal reactivity to CM and gluten was found in 22% and 33%, respectively, of the patients. No relationship was found between self-experienced adverse reactions to CM or gluten and mucosal reactivity to these proteins. Conclusions: Perceived FI is reported frequently by RA patients, with a prevalence similar to that reported previously in the general population. Mucosal reactivity to CM and gluten is seen in a minor fraction of RA patients and is not related to the frequently perceived intolerance to these proteins.

Soms krijgen mensen met overgevoeligheidsklachten het advies om alle E-nummers in levensmiddelen te mijden. Dat kan helemaal niet! 'Als je dat wilt doen, hou je een dieet over van water, zout en suiker', aldus levensmiddelentechnoloog dr. ir. Ralf Hartemink van Wageningen Universiteit. Dit artikel is een bewerking van zijn lezing tijdens de LustrumDag.

Voedselallergie wordt veelal veroorzaakt doordat het immuunsysteem gestimuleerd is door in de natuur voorkomende allergenen zoals bijvoorbeeld berkenpollen die vervolgens leiden to appelallergie. Wanneer je kunt vaststellen welke eiwitten uit berkenpollen de allergie veroorzaken dan kun je door plantenveredeling appelrassen maken waarin het allergeen niet langer voorkomt. Twee lesmodules voor 5/6 VWO met een docentenhandleiding en een video over voedselvariatie.

Er is veel informatie te vinden over biogene aminen en histaminevrijmakers. In de praktijk worden verschillende diëten en provocatieschema's gehanteerd, maar bewijzen hiervoor zijn nauwelijks onderzocht. Omdat diëtisten in de praktijk wel effect zien van dit dieet, zijn VOODAZ en D&VO een onderzoek gestart.

Food allergy represents an increasing concern to society. It is defined as an inappropriate immunological reaction to normally harmless food components and affects 5-8% of children and 1-2% of adults. Since at the time of writing no cure for food allergy exists, food allergic consumers need to avoid all problematic foods and ingredients, which may have a negative impact on the quality of life and economic functioning of food allergic consumers and their families. Food allergies may also result in substantial costs for society overall in terms of health care costs and absenteeism. Novel foods are continuously being developed and introduced onto the European market. The novelty of a food can be the result of: (1) genetic modification (GM) of the food itself, or its production using genetically modified organisms, (2) the application of novel processing techniques, or (3) the food in question having no prior history of consumption in general, or in a specific region or country. One potential benefit of novel foods is that of hypoallergenicity, although there is the potential risk that new proteins are introduced into the human food chain together with the novel foods. The aim of the research presented in this thesis is to investigate whether novel foods can be used as part of an allergy management strategy. The issues associated with novel foods and food allergy are identified and insight is gained in stakeholder and consumer attitudes towards the application of novel foods as allergy management strategy. In addition, the existing novel food legislation regarding novel foods is reviewed with respect to risks (and benefits) of novel foods associated with food allergy. The results show that that although hypoallergenic novel foods can have some positive contribution to food allergy management, their influence remains limited because many other factors other than the available foods cause the food allergy problems. Overall, this research contributes to a better understand

Nederland had twee jaar geleden de primeur: Santana, een hyperallergeen appelras voor mensen met appelallergie. Wageningen UR heeft de ervaringen van de consumenten over 2006 en 2007 onderzocht. De vermindering van de allergische reactie is ongeveer volgens verwachting en de tevredenheid blijkt hoog te zijn

In deze brochure staat nformatie over voedselprovocatietests en is bedoeld voor ouders van een kind waarbij een voedselprovocatietest wordt gedaan. De meest gangbare procedures zijn beschreven

Veel ziekenhuizen starten met dubbelblinde placebogecontroleerde voedselprovocaties om voedselallergieën te diagnosticeren. Een multidisciplinaire en protocollaire uitvoering is hiervoor noodzakelijk, waarbij de diëtist een belangrijke rol speelt. Uitvoering van dubbelblinde voedselprovocaties door consultatiebureaus stuit nog op praktische bezwaren

Mensen met coeliakie, ofwel glutenintolerantie, hebben een immuunsysteem dat afwijkend reageert op de inname van gluten. Een levenslang glutenvrij dieet is de enig mogelijke behandeling. Erica Hopman promoveerde op onderzoek naar gluteninname en het glutenvrije dieet

Bepaalde voedingsbestanddelen kunnen aanleiding geven tot ziekteverschijnselen gaande van vage klachten tot een levensbedreigende anafylactische shock. Het betreft mogelijk een voedselallergie maar de reactie kan ook het gevolg zijn van een voedselintolerantie of een voedselvergiftiging. Waaraan herkennen we een voedselallergie en hoe gaan we ermee om?

In deze brochure staat algemene informatie aan over allergische voedselovergevoeligheid en niet-allergische voedselovergevoeligheid

Late introductie van risicovoedingsmiddelen bij kinderen met een verhoogd risico op voedselallergie heeft geen effect op het voorkómen van een allergie. Een vroege introductie maakt een allergie eerder zichtbaar. De dubbelblinde placebogecontroleerde voedselprovocatietest is de enige methode om een goede diagnose te stellen

Voedselovergevoeligheid is een overkoepelende term voor alle overgevoeligheidsreacties op voedsel. Voedselallergie en niet-allergische voedselovergevoeligheid (voorheen voedselintolerantie genoemd) vallen hier beide onder. In deze download staat hier meer over

Deze brochure over voedselovergevoeligheid is bedoeld voor de leiding van het kinderdagverblijf of de peuterspeelzaal en voor de leerkrachten in het basisonderwijs en de onderbouw van het voortgezet onderwijs met daarin algemene informatie; leeftijdsgebonden informatie; praktische tips en een uitneembare middenpagina met specifi eke informatie over het kind met voedselovergevoeligheid

Patiënten bij wie de aandoening coeliakie is vastgesteld moeten een glutenvrij dieet volgen. Zij zijn overgevoelig aan gluten, een eiwitbestanddeel dat voorkomt in bepaalde graansoorten. Men schat dat ongeveer 1 op 300 Europeanen lijdt aan coeliakie (0,3 %). Gezien deze overgevoeligheid levenslang blijft bestaan moeten zij zich ook levenslang aan het dieet houden. Geen gemakkelijke opdracht, ook al speelt de markt met een toenemend aanbod aan glutenvrije producten in op de noden van deze patiënten. Professionele begeleiding van diagnose tot behandeling en verdere opvolging is essentieel. Foto

Vanuit Europese regelgeving geldt per1 november 2005 de verplichting om de aanwezigheid van allergie opwekkende stoffen (allergenen) op de etiketten van voedingsproducten te vermelden. Om dit beleid goed te handhaven moet bekend zijn hoeveel allergenen een mens binnen mag krijgen voordat er een allergische reactie optreedt. Een extra factor om rekening mee te houden in allergenen onderzoek, zijn nieuw ontwikkelde soorten voeding ('novel foods'). Er kan bij deze voeding sprake zijn van nieuwe of onbekende eiwitten. Nu is nog moeilijk te voorspellen of deze eiwitten allergie opwekken

Deze brochure is vooral bedoeld voor ouders van jonge kinderen met eczeem en verder voor iedereen die meer over eczeem in relatie tot voeding wil weten. Met veel tips voor de behandeling van eczeem

BACKGROUND: Subjective symptoms after food challenges are difficult to interpret and no standard is available. We discuss a strategy for how to interpret a diary. Furthermore, the interobserver reliability is evaluated. METHODS: Diaries for 32 patients with subjective symptoms were used. The diaries were re-evaluated with a predefined strategy by three independent observers. RESULTS: The proportion of positives was 21.9% among the old diagnoses, according to the new approach 34.4% (observers I and II) and 37.5% (observer III) were positive. The new approach had high interobserver reliability (97 and 100%). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of positives depends on how subjective symptoms are interpreted. Interpretations of subjective symptoms in diaries could be made with high interobserver reliability.

Het hooikoortsseizoen is inmiddels in volle gang. Mensen met hooikoorts hebben vaak ook een voedselallergie. Hun lichaam herkent per abuis de eiwitten, die in voedingsmiddelen voorkomen, zoals stuifmeeleiwitten. Deze kruisreactie is gebaseerd op vergelijkbare structuren van eiwitten of eiwitdomeinen in het uitlokkende allergeen en het allergeen dat een allergische reactie veroorzaakt. Door nieuwe concepten, zoals regulatoire T-cellen, is het mogelijk de achtergronden van de ontwikkeling van allergische klachten en hun onderlinge relaties beter te begrijpen en wellicht nieuwe therapieën te ontwikkelen