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Teaching materials are an essential part of independent curriculum learning. This study aims to determine valid and practical teaching materials on chemical equilibrium material that can support learning the independent curriculum phase F SMA / MA. The research used the Education Design Research type of research with the Plomp development model. The research includes development stages up to prototyping and testing in small groups. The instruments used were a validity questionnaire and a practicality questionnaire. Validity was assessed using the Aikens ' V formula modified by Purwanto to assess practicality Purwanto. The results showed that the validity test obtained 0.86 with a valid category. The results of the practicality test for teacher responses were obtained at 95% with an efficient category, and for student responses, obtained at 95% with an efficient category. These results state that the teaching materials created and developed are valid and practical. Then, the results showed that the multilevel representation approach emphasizes mastery at the macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic levels. Mental models can be used to describe these three levels. A good mental model can help students relate scientific concepts to their thinking.

Teaching materials are an essential part of independent curriculum learning. This study aims to determine valid and practical teaching materials on chemical equilibrium material that can support learning the independent curriculum phase F SMA / MA. The research used the Education Design Research type of research with the Plomp development model. The research includes development stages up to prototyping and testing in small groups. The instruments used were a validity questionnaire and a practicality questionnaire. Validity was assessed using the Aikens ' V formula modified by Purwanto to assess practicality Purwanto. The results showed that the validity test obtained 0.86 with a valid category. The results of the practicality test for teacher responses were obtained at 95% with an efficient category, and for student responses, obtained at 95% with an efficient category. These results state that the teaching materials created and developed are valid and practical. Then, the results showed that the multilevel representation approach emphasizes mastery at the macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic levels. Mental models can be used to describe these three levels. A good mental model can help students relate scientific concepts to their thinking.

Teaching materials are an essential part of independent curriculum learning. This study aims to determine valid and practical teaching materials on chemical equilibrium material that can support learning the independent curriculum phase F SMA / MA. The research used the Education Design Research type of research with the Plomp development model. The research includes development stages up to prototyping and testing in small groups. The instruments used were a validity questionnaire and a practicality questionnaire. Validity was assessed using the Aikens ' V formula modified by Purwanto to assess practicality Purwanto. The results showed that the validity test obtained 0.86 with a valid category. The results of the practicality test for teacher responses were obtained at 95% with an efficient category, and for student responses, obtained at 95% with an efficient category. These results state that the teaching materials created and developed are valid and practical. Then, the results showed that the multilevel representation approach emphasizes mastery at the macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic levels. Mental models can be used to describe these three levels. A good mental model can help students relate scientific concepts to their thinking.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it caused a very significant change in education. The learning was done online. So that makes the Indonesian student lose. The free curriculum also demands free study, as summarized in PROPELA. That's why research needs to be done to develop textbooks to support the study of the free curriculum matter, atomic structure phase E, and test the validity and practicality of this teaching material. This type of research is called Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp model, which is: (1) preliminary research; (2) development or prototyping; and (3) assessment (not done). Research data from validation is insulated using Aiken's v formula, while registered data is analyzed in a present-day way. Based on the study's results, the teaching material has been valid, with an average score of 0.91. The use of the scripture is easy to understand and view, practical learning, and benefits of teaching, with an average score of 72%. This coursebook is valid and helpful through the formative tests that have been carried out. The final average value of 0.94 is proof of this validity. In addition, this coursebook is also equipped with mental model problems that are proven to help students solve existing problems. This is known from the responses of active and excellent students in solving these problems. In addition, the time spent working on the questions is also sufficient, so it only uses time outside of learning hours.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it caused a very significant change in education. The learning was done online. So that makes the Indonesian student lose. The free curriculum also demands free study, as summarized in PROPELA. That's why research needs to be done to develop textbooks to support the study of the free curriculum matter, atomic structure phase E, and test the validity and practicality of this teaching material. This type of research is called Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp model, which is: (1) preliminary research; (2) development or prototyping; and (3) assessment (not done). Research data from validation is insulated using Aiken's v formula, while registered data is analyzed in a present-day way. Based on the study's results, the teaching material has been valid, with an average score of 0.91. The use of the scripture is easy to understand and view, practical learning, and benefits of teaching, with an average score of 72%. This coursebook is valid and helpful through the formative tests that have been carried out. The final average value of 0.94 is proof of this validity. In addition, this coursebook is also equipped with mental model problems that are proven to help students solve existing problems. This is known from the responses of active and excellent students in solving these problems. In addition, the time spent working on the questions is also sufficient, so it only uses time outside of learning hours.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it caused a very significant change in education. The learning was done online. So that makes the Indonesian student lose. The free curriculum also demands free study, as summarized in PROPELA. That's why research needs to be done to develop textbooks to support the study of the free curriculum matter, atomic structure phase E, and test the validity and practicality of this teaching material. This type of research is called Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp model, which is: (1) preliminary research; (2) development or prototyping; and (3) assessment (not done). Research data from validation is insulated using Aiken's v formula, while registered data is analyzed in a present-day way. Based on the study's results, the teaching material has been valid, with an average score of 0.91. The use of the scripture is easy to understand and view, practical learning, and benefits of teaching, with an average score of 72%. This coursebook is valid and helpful through the formative tests that have been carried out. The final average value of 0.94 is proof of this validity. In addition, this coursebook is also equipped with mental model problems that are proven to help students solve existing problems. This is known from the responses of active and excellent students in solving these problems. In addition, the time spent working on the questions is also sufficient, so it only uses time outside of learning hours.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it caused a very significant change in education. The learning was done online. So that makes the Indonesian student lose. The free curriculum also demands free study, as summarized in PROPELA. That's why research needs to be done to develop textbooks to support the study of the free curriculum matter, atomic structure phase E, and test the validity and practicality of this teaching material. This type of research is called Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp model, which is: (1) preliminary research; (2) development or prototyping; and (3) assessment (not done). Research data from validation is insulated using Aiken's v formula, while registered data is analyzed in a present-day way. Based on the study's results, the teaching material has been valid, with an average score of 0.91. The use of the scripture is easy to understand and view, practical learning, and benefits of teaching, with an average score of 72%. This coursebook is valid and helpful through the formative tests that have been carried out. The final average value of 0.94 is proof of this validity. In addition, this coursebook is also equipped with mental model problems that are proven to help students solve existing problems. This is known from the responses of active and excellent students in solving these problems. In addition, the time spent working on the questions is also sufficient, so it only uses time outside of learning hours.

Sebagai negara industri yang sedang berkembang, Indonesia banyak menggunakan peralatan industri yang dapat membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan. mesin merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dengan indeks skala besar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja di pabrik HS Ulee Glee dibagian produksi maupun non produksi yang berjumlah 32 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekhnik total population dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 32 responden. Penelitian ini  dilakukan pada tanggal 15 s/d 25 Desember Tahun 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara denganmenggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian, selanjutnya dilakukan uji statistik dengan uji chi-square. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 84,4% pekerja ada keluhan, 84,4% frekuensi kebisingan tinggi, 81,2% pekerja tidak ada penggunaan APT, 84,4% durasi kerja tidak normal, 75,0% umur pekerja dewasa awal, 84,4% pekerja bagian produksi. Dari hasil uji statistik dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan antara frekuensi kebisingan (p-value=0,000), penggunaan APT (p-value=0,015), durasi kerja (p-value=0,000), area tempat kerja (pvalue=0,000) dengan keluhan pendengaran subyektif di Pabrik Hs Ulee Glee Kecamatan Tangse Kabupaten Pidie Tahun 2022. Sedangkan variabel umur (p value=0,737) tidak ada hubungan dengan keluhan pendengaran subyektif di Pabrik Hs Ulee Glee Kecamatan Tangse Kabupaten Pidie Tahun 2022. Diharapkan kepada pemilik pabrik penggilingan padi HS di Kecamatan Tangse menyediakan Alat Pelindung Telinga untuk setiap pekerja di pabriknya agar terhindar dari keluhan pendengaran subyektif.

Sebagai negara industri yang sedang berkembang, Indonesia banyak menggunakan peralatan industri yang dapat membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan. mesin merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dengan indeks skala besar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja di pabrik HS Ulee Glee dibagian produksi maupun non produksi yang berjumlah 32 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekhnik total population dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 32 responden. Penelitian ini  dilakukan pada tanggal 15 s/d 25 Desember Tahun 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara denganmenggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian, selanjutnya dilakukan uji statistik dengan uji chi-square. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 84,4% pekerja ada keluhan, 84,4% frekuensi kebisingan tinggi, 81,2% pekerja tidak ada penggunaan APT, 84,4% durasi kerja tidak normal, 75,0% umur pekerja dewasa awal, 84,4% pekerja bagian produksi. Dari hasil uji statistik dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan antara frekuensi kebisingan (p-value=0,000), penggunaan APT (p-value=0,015), durasi kerja (p-value=0,000), area tempat kerja (pvalue=0,000) dengan keluhan pendengaran subyektif di Pabrik Hs Ulee Glee Kecamatan Tangse Kabupaten Pidie Tahun 2022. Sedangkan variabel umur (p value=0,737) tidak ada hubungan dengan keluhan pendengaran subyektif di Pabrik Hs Ulee Glee Kecamatan Tangse Kabupaten Pidie Tahun 2022. Diharapkan kepada pemilik pabrik penggilingan padi HS di Kecamatan Tangse menyediakan Alat Pelindung Telinga untuk setiap pekerja di pabriknya agar terhindar dari keluhan pendengaran subyektif.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it caused a very significant change in education. The learning was done online. So that makes the Indonesian student lose. The free curriculum also demands free study, as summarized in PROPELA. That's why research needs to be done to develop textbooks to support the study of the free curriculum matter, atomic structure phase E, and test the validity and practicality of this teaching material. This type of research is called Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp model, which is: (1) preliminary research; (2) development or prototyping; and (3) assessment (not done). Research data from validation is insulated using Aiken's v formula, while registered data is analyzed in a present-day way. Based on the study's results, the teaching material has been valid, with an average score of 0.91. The use of the scripture is easy to understand and view, practical learning, and benefits of teaching, with an average score of 72%. This coursebook is valid and helpful through the formative tests that have been carried out. The final average value of 0.94 is proof of this validity. In addition, this coursebook is also equipped with mental model problems that are proven to help students solve existing problems. This is known from the responses of active and excellent students in solving these problems. In addition, the time spent working on the questions is also sufficient, so it only uses time outside of learning hours.

This research aims to develop teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA/MA material that is valid and practical. This educational development research uses the Plomp model developed by Tjeerd Plomp. The development procedure includes the initial investigation and development or prototyping stages. The subjects in this study were UNP chemistry lecturers, SMA Negeri 2 Padang teachers, and Phase F students of SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The research instruments used validation sheets and teacher and learner response questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA / MA material that has been developed and assessed by five expert validators are on valid criteria with an average of 0.86, an efficient category in teacher responses by obtaining a percentage of 87%, and student responses by obtaining a percentage of 97%. This teaching material is proven to increase students' learning motivation and understanding, as well as facilitate teachers and students in the learning process of the Merdeka curriculum.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it caused a very significant change in education. The learning was done online. So that makes the Indonesian student lose. The free curriculum also demands free study, as summarized in PROPELA. That's why research needs to be done to develop textbooks to support the study of the free curriculum matter, atomic structure phase E, and test the validity and practicality of this teaching material. This type of research is called Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp model, which is: (1) preliminary research; (2) development or prototyping; and (3) assessment (not done). Research data from validation is insulated using Aiken's v formula, while registered data is analyzed in a present-day way. Based on the study's results, the teaching material has been valid, with an average score of 0.91. The use of the scripture is easy to understand and view, practical learning, and benefits of teaching, with an average score of 72%. This coursebook is valid and helpful through the formative tests that have been carried out. The final average value of 0.94 is proof of this validity. In addition, this coursebook is also equipped with mental model problems that are proven to help students solve existing problems. This is known from the responses of active and excellent students in solving these problems. In addition, the time spent working on the questions is also sufficient, so it only uses time outside of learning hours.

This research aims to develop teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA/MA material that is valid and practical. This educational development research uses the Plomp model developed by Tjeerd Plomp. The development procedure includes the initial investigation and development or prototyping stages. The subjects in this study were UNP chemistry lecturers, SMA Negeri 2 Padang teachers, and Phase F students of SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The research instruments used validation sheets and teacher and learner response questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA / MA material that has been developed and assessed by five expert validators are on valid criteria with an average of 0.86, an efficient category in teacher responses by obtaining a percentage of 87%, and student responses by obtaining a percentage of 97%. This teaching material is proven to increase students' learning motivation and understanding, as well as facilitate teachers and students in the learning process of the Merdeka curriculum.

Kantor Pemerintah daerah kab. Seluma, terletak di desa Talang Saling. desa Talang Saling kab. Seluma ini sebagai tempat studi kasus pada penelitian ini. Desa Talang Saling, ini merupakan kawasan jalan perlintasan kendaraan dari Bengkulu ke Kaur sehingga daerah ini akan terus berkembang. Daerah ini mempunyai kontur yang tidak rata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis stabilitas lereng asli, dan menganalisis stabilitas lereng model lereng yang dimodifikasi, menganalisis stabilitas lereng dengan dibuat trap. Model modifikasi ini ada beberapa variasi. Analisis stabilitas lerengnya menggunakan formulasi metode kesetimbangan batas untuk mendapatkan faktor aman (FK) lereng-lereng tersebut. Penelitian ini menguji jenis tanah pada lereng ini. Penelitian pengujian jenis tanah ini dimulai dengan melakukan uji sifat fisis dan mekanik tanah tanah, kemudian dilakukan analaisis stabilitas lereng dengan menggunakan program computer untuk mengetahui nilai FK. Perhitungan analisis stabilitas lereng menggunakan Geostudio Slope/W. Hasil pengujian jenis tanah, jenis tanah lereng ini adalah jenis tanah lempung berpasir (SC) sehingga mudah longsor. Hasil analisis stabilitas lereng pada lereng 1 dengan 3 trap dengan kemiringan sudut 15 didapat FK = 1,78 > 1,5 (lereng aman). Lereng 2 adalah lereng asli dengan sudut kemiringan 13 o didapat FK=1,59>1,5 (lereng aman). Lereng 3 dengan 2 trap dengan sudut kemiringan 14 o didapat FK=1,963>1,5 (lereng aman). Kata Kunci : Metode kesetimbangan batas, Stabilitas Lereng, Terasering o

This article is the result of research on the existence of religious moderation houses (RMB) at PTKIN. Based on the circular from the Ministry that the existence of a religious moderation house has an important role in providing education and strengthening the understanding of religious moderation for State Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKIN). In its position, each PTKIN provides a wide space for religious moderation houses to play an active role and contribute to academic and non-academic activities. Data collection in this study was carried out by direct interviews and focus group discussions with the chairman and administrators of the house of religious moderation (RMB) at UIN North Sumatra Medan and UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan. The results of this study include the formation of the management of the house of moderation in religion which has been carried out based on the Chancellor's decree at each tertiary institution. The activities carried out are related to socializing the urgency of religious moderation in the tertiary environment, including organizing seminars and workshops that are held entitled religious moderation. Providing ToT (Training of Trainer) training for lecturers and students so that they become agents of religious moderation, collaborating with FKUB as a religious institution that already exists and forming religious moderation villages as fostered villages as a way to spread religious moderation to the community.AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian terhadap eksistensi rumah moderasi beragama (RMB) di PTKIN. Berdasarkan ederan dari Kementerian bahwa keberadaan rumah moderasi beragama memiliki peranan penting dalam memberikan edukasi dan penguatan pemahaman moderasi beragama bagi Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN). Dalam kedudukannya setiap PTKIN memberikan ruang yang begitu luas terhadap rumah moderasi beragama berperan aktif dan memberikan kontribusinya terhadap kegiatan akademik maupun non akademik.

This article is the result of research on the existence of religious moderation houses (RMB) at PTKIN. Based on the circular from the Ministry that the existence of a religious moderation house has an important role in providing education and strengthening the understanding of religious moderation for State Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKIN). In its position, each PTKIN provides a wide space for religious moderation houses to play an active role and contribute to academic and non-academic activities. Data collection in this study was carried out by direct interviews and focus group discussions with the chairman and administrators of the house of religious moderation (RMB) at UIN North Sumatra Medan and UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan. The results of this study include the formation of the management of the house of moderation in religion which has been carried out based on the Chancellor's decree at each tertiary institution. The activities carried out are related to socializing the urgency of religious moderation in the tertiary environment, including organizing seminars and workshops that are held entitled religious moderation. Providing ToT (Training of Trainer) training for lecturers and students so that they become agents of religious moderation, collaborating with FKUB as a religious institution that already exists and forming religious moderation villages as fostered villages as a way to spread religious moderation to the community.AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian terhadap eksistensi rumah moderasi beragama (RMB) di PTKIN. Berdasarkan ederan dari Kementerian bahwa keberadaan rumah moderasi beragama memiliki peranan penting dalam memberikan edukasi dan penguatan pemahaman moderasi beragama bagi Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN). Dalam kedudukannya setiap PTKIN memberikan ruang yang begitu luas terhadap rumah moderasi beragama berperan aktif dan memberikan kontribusinya terhadap kegiatan akademik maupun non akademik.

This research aims to develop teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA/MA material that is valid and practical. This educational development research uses the Plomp model developed by Tjeerd Plomp. The development procedure includes the initial investigation and development or prototyping stages. The subjects in this study were UNP chemistry lecturers, SMA Negeri 2 Padang teachers, and Phase F students of SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The research instruments used validation sheets and teacher and learner response questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA / MA material that has been developed and assessed by five expert validators are on valid criteria with an average of 0.86, an efficient category in teacher responses by obtaining a percentage of 87%, and student responses by obtaining a percentage of 97%. This teaching material is proven to increase students' learning motivation and understanding, as well as facilitate teachers and students in the learning process of the Merdeka curriculum.

This research aims to develop teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA/MA material that is valid and practical. This educational development research uses the Plomp model developed by Tjeerd Plomp. The development procedure includes the initial investigation and development or prototyping stages. The subjects in this study were UNP chemistry lecturers, SMA Negeri 2 Padang teachers, and Phase F students of SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The research instruments used validation sheets and teacher and learner response questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA / MA material that has been developed and assessed by five expert validators are on valid criteria with an average of 0.86, an efficient category in teacher responses by obtaining a percentage of 87%, and student responses by obtaining a percentage of 97%. This teaching material is proven to increase students' learning motivation and understanding, as well as facilitate teachers and students in the learning process of the Merdeka curriculum.

This research aims to develop teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA/MA material that is valid and practical. This educational development research uses the Plomp model developed by Tjeerd Plomp. The development procedure includes the initial investigation and development or prototyping stages. The subjects in this study were UNP chemistry lecturers, SMA Negeri 2 Padang teachers, and Phase F students of SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The research instruments used validation sheets and teacher and learner response questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA / MA material that has been developed and assessed by five expert validators are on valid criteria with an average of 0.86, an efficient category in teacher responses by obtaining a percentage of 87%, and student responses by obtaining a percentage of 97%. This teaching material is proven to increase students' learning motivation and understanding, as well as facilitate teachers and students in the learning process of the Merdeka curriculum.

This research aims to develop teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA/MA material that is valid and practical. This educational development research uses the Plomp model developed by Tjeerd Plomp. The development procedure includes the initial investigation and development or prototyping stages. The subjects in this study were UNP chemistry lecturers, SMA Negeri 2 Padang teachers, and Phase F students of SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The research instruments used validation sheets and teacher and learner response questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials to support Merdeka curriculum learning on acid-base phase F SMA / MA material that has been developed and assessed by five expert validators are on valid criteria with an average of 0.86, an efficient category in teacher responses by obtaining a percentage of 87%, and student responses by obtaining a percentage of 97%. This teaching material is proven to increase students' learning motivation and understanding, as well as facilitate teachers and students in the learning process of the Merdeka curriculum.

ABSTRAKTahun 2019 produksi bawang merah meningkat 5,11% lebih besar dibanding tahun 2018, namun kenaikan produksi bawang merah tiap tahun secara nasional tidak berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan produksi di setiap provinsi. Hanya beberapa provinsi yang konsisten kenaikannya. Hal ini menunjukkan ketersediaan lahan produktif di tiap daerah tidak sama. Alih fungsi lahan di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun semakin intensif yang menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya lahan produktif, di sisi lain pemenuhan kebutuhan bawang merah harus tetap dipenuhi. Salah satu cara meningkatkan produksi bawang merah tanpa memerlukan lahan yang meluas adalah hidroponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi nutrisi dan potongan umbi yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah hidroponik sistem DFT. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Oktober - Desember 2020 di Greenhouse Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Jember. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 2 x 2 dengan 7 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi nutrisi (K) terdiri dari dua taraf perlakuan: K1: 1000 ppm (0-7 HST) 1200 ppm (8-53 HST) dan K2: 1200 ppm (0-7 HST) 1400 ppm (8-53 HST). Faktor kedua adalah besaran potongan pucuk umbi bawang (B) yang terdiri dari dua taraf perlakuan: B1: Potong pucuk 1/8 bagian dan B2: potong pucuk 1/4 bagian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan uji F, dan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata diuji lanjut dengan BNT pada taraf 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iInteraksi perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi dan besar potongan umbi bawang merah memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata pada semua parameter yang diamati. Perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi juga tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua paramater yang diamati. Perlakuan besar potongan umbi 1/4 bagian memberikan tinggi tanaman yang lebih baik pada tinggi tanaman umur 21 HST, jumlah daun yang lebih banyak pada umur 24 HST dan 36 HST, jumlah anakan yang lebih banyak pada 32 HST, sedangkan bobot

ABSTRAKTahun 2019 produksi bawang merah meningkat 5,11% lebih besar dibanding tahun 2018, namun kenaikan produksi bawang merah tiap tahun secara nasional tidak berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan produksi di setiap provinsi. Hanya beberapa provinsi yang konsisten kenaikannya. Hal ini menunjukkan ketersediaan lahan produktif di tiap daerah tidak sama. Alih fungsi lahan di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun semakin intensif yang menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya lahan produktif, di sisi lain pemenuhan kebutuhan bawang merah harus tetap dipenuhi. Salah satu cara meningkatkan produksi bawang merah tanpa memerlukan lahan yang meluas adalah hidroponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi nutrisi dan potongan umbi yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah hidroponik sistem DFT. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Oktober - Desember 2020 di Greenhouse Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Jember. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 2 x 2 dengan 7 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi nutrisi (K) terdiri dari dua taraf perlakuan: K1: 1000 ppm (0-7 HST) 1200 ppm (8-53 HST) dan K2: 1200 ppm (0-7 HST) 1400 ppm (8-53 HST). Faktor kedua adalah besaran potongan pucuk umbi bawang (B) yang terdiri dari dua taraf perlakuan: B1: Potong pucuk 1/8 bagian dan B2: potong pucuk 1/4 bagian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan uji F, dan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata diuji lanjut dengan BNT pada taraf 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iInteraksi perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi dan besar potongan umbi bawang merah memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata pada semua parameter yang diamati. Perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi juga tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua paramater yang diamati. Perlakuan besar potongan umbi 1/4 bagian memberikan tinggi tanaman yang lebih baik pada tinggi tanaman umur 21 HST, jumlah daun yang lebih banyak pada umur 24 HST dan 36 HST, jumlah anakan yang lebih banyak pada 32 HST, sedangkan

ABSTRAKTahun 2019 produksi bawang merah meningkat 5,11% lebih besar dibanding tahun 2018, namun kenaikan produksi bawang merah tiap tahun secara nasional tidak berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan produksi di setiap provinsi. Hanya beberapa provinsi yang konsisten kenaikannya. Hal ini menunjukkan ketersediaan lahan produktif di tiap daerah tidak sama. Alih fungsi lahan di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun semakin intensif yang menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya lahan produktif, di sisi lain pemenuhan kebutuhan bawang merah harus tetap dipenuhi. Salah satu cara meningkatkan produksi bawang merah tanpa memerlukan lahan yang meluas adalah hidroponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi nutrisi dan potongan umbi yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah hidroponik sistem DFT. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Oktober - Desember 2020 di Greenhouse Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Jember. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 2 x 2 dengan 7 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi nutrisi (K) terdiri dari dua taraf perlakuan: K1: 1000 ppm (0-7 HST) 1200 ppm (8-53 HST) dan K2: 1200 ppm (0-7 HST) 1400 ppm (8-53 HST). Faktor kedua adalah besaran potongan pucuk umbi bawang (B) yang terdiri dari dua taraf perlakuan: B1: Potong pucuk 1/8 bagian dan B2: potong pucuk 1/4 bagian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan uji F, dan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata diuji lanjut dengan BNT pada taraf 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iInteraksi perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi dan besar potongan umbi bawang merah memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata pada semua parameter yang diamati. Perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi juga tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua paramater yang diamati. Perlakuan besar potongan umbi 1/4 bagian memberikan tinggi tanaman yang lebih baik pada tinggi tanaman umur 21 HST, jumlah daun yang lebih banyak pada umur 24 HST dan 36 HST, jumlah anakan yang lebih banyak pada 32 HST, sedangkan

This research discuss about the cation exchange capacity of napa soil by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results is a value of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and to review the differences of napa soil value and its influence on early treatment in the form of purification and treatment by using barium chloride method. According to the research that has been done, obtained the optimum concentration of BaCl2 is 0.15 M and 0.15 M for MgSO4. Determination of CEC in optimum condition showed that napa soil that has been purified have higher CEC value, CEC value of napa soil in Situjuah Limo Nagari District is 1.7 meq/g and CEC value of napa soil in Sarilamak District is 1.2 meq/g. A fresh napa soil relatively has low value than napa soil that has been purified, the CEC value of napa soil in Situjuah Limo Nagari District and Sarilamak District are 0.93 meq/g and 1.03 meq/g. While napa soil which has been given treatment with peroxide showed that CEC value declined sharply, the CEC value of napa soil in Situjuah Limo Nagari District and Sarilamak District which has been given treatment with peroxide are 0.3 meq/g and 0.7 meq/g.

This paper is the result of initial research on the development of an LPG burner planned for the Gamma-type Stirling engine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in fuel pressure on flame temperature and mass flow rate of fuel in LPG burners. This research method was carried out experimentally by varying the fuel inlet pressure on the regulator to the LPG burner from high to low. The LPG fuel used is 3 kg LPG produced by PT Pertamina (Persero). The pressure drop in the LPG gas tanks was varied and observed in a range of values between 20-17.5 kg/cm2, 15-12.5 kg/cm2, and 10-7.5 kg/cm2. In testing 20-17.5 kg/cm2, 15-12.5 kg/cm2, and 10-7.5 kg/cm2 the average fire temperature is 724.6°C, and 743.6°C respectively. , 631.4°C. Meanwhile, the mass flow rate of the fuel according to the order of pressure variations was 0.131 kg, 0.264 kg, and 0.162 kg respectively for 1 hour of testing. The temperature and mass flow rate of the fuel produced will be the basis for consideration in the Stirling engine design., Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian awal dari pengembangan burner LPG yang direncanakan untuk mesin Stirling tipe gamma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi tekanan bahan bakar terhadap temperatur api dan laju aliran massa bahan bakar pada burner LPG. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan memvariasikan tekanan masuk bahan bakar pada regulator ke burner LPG dari tinggi ke rendah. Bahan bakar LPG yang digunakan adalah LPG 3 kg produksi PT Pertamina persero. Penurunan tekanan dalam tangki gas LPG divariasikan dan diamati dalam kisaran nilai antara 20-17,5 kg/cm2, 15-12,5 kg/cm2, dan 10-7,5 kg/cm2. Pada pengujian 20-17,5 kg/cm2, 15-12,5 kg/cm2, dan 10-7,5 kg/cm2 menghasilkan temperatur api rata-rata berturut-turut adalah 724,6°C, 743,6°C, 631,4°C. Sedangkan laju aliran massa bahan bakar sesuai dengan urutan variasi tekanan berturut-turut adalah 0,131 kg, 0,264 kg, dan 0,162 kg selama 1 jam pengujian. Temperatur dan laju aliran massa bahan bakar yang dihasilkan akan menjadi dasar pertimbangan dalam perencanaan mesin Stirling.

This paper is the result of initial research on the development of an LPG burner planned for the Gamma-type Stirling engine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in fuel pressure on flame temperature and mass flow rate of fuel in LPG burners. This research method was carried out experimentally by varying the fuel inlet pressure on the regulator to the LPG burner from high to low. The LPG fuel used is 3 kg LPG produced by PT Pertamina (Persero). The pressure drop in the LPG gas tanks was varied and observed in a range of values between 20-17.5 kg/cm2, 15-12.5 kg/cm2, and 10-7.5 kg/cm2. In testing 20-17.5 kg/cm2, 15-12.5 kg/cm2, and 10-7.5 kg/cm2 the average fire temperature is 724.6°C, and 743.6°C respectively. , 631.4°C. Meanwhile, the mass flow rate of the fuel according to the order of pressure variations was 0.131 kg, 0.264 kg, and 0.162 kg respectively for 1 hour of testing. The temperature and mass flow rate of the fuel produced will be the basis for consideration in the Stirling engine design., Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian awal dari pengembangan burner LPG yang direncanakan untuk mesin Stirling tipe gamma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi tekanan bahan bakar terhadap temperatur api dan laju aliran massa bahan bakar pada burner LPG. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan memvariasikan tekanan masuk bahan bakar pada regulator ke burner LPG dari tinggi ke rendah. Bahan bakar LPG yang digunakan adalah LPG 3 kg produksi PT Pertamina persero. Penurunan tekanan dalam tangki gas LPG divariasikan dan diamati dalam kisaran nilai antara 20-17,5 kg/cm2, 15-12,5 kg/cm2, dan 10-7,5 kg/cm2. Pada pengujian 20-17,5 kg/cm2, 15-12,5 kg/cm2, dan 10-7,5 kg/cm2 menghasilkan temperatur api rata-rata berturut-turut adalah 724,6°C, 743,6°C, 631,4°C. Sedangkan laju aliran massa bahan bakar sesuai dengan urutan variasi tekanan berturut-turut adalah 0,131 kg, 0,264 kg, dan 0,162 kg selama 1 jam pengujian. Temperatur dan laju aliran massa bahan bakar yang dihasilkan akan menjadi dasar pertimbangan dalam perencanaan mesin Stirling.

Purpose: The Supply chain strategy serves to strengthen positioning in competing to serve customers. This study examines the business unit in the supply chain strategy in producing food products from Cowhide in Indonesia. There are many business units with high demand for rawhides from cattle for use as food products which form several distribution channels. Thus, this opportunity is utilized to increase the productivity of business units in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the business unit utilization in the supply chain of distribution channel by considering patterns of business processes, value-added products, and optimal supply chain strategies. Design/methodology/approach: The study interviews 18 business units of Cowhide in Indonesia, including two slaughterhouses, five cattle owners, three restaurants, two cowhide drying business units, one cowhide cracker business unit, three cowhide traders’ traditional markets, one cowhide boiler business unit, and one retail shop. The SCOR model, Hayami, and discrete event simulation are integrated to analyze business unit utilization in Cowhide’s food products’ supply chain of distribution channel. Findings:There are five distribution channels from 7 business units in food products. Then, the highest value-added product ratio was the cowhide cracker business unit at 31%. Finally, Channel 1 is the highest utilization rate of 40%. Moreover, the policymaker can study non-food products to compare cowhide raw materials’ business unit utilization because Indonesia has many of these raw materials and is easy to obtain. Research limitations/implications: Further study is suggested to measure each business unit’s performance in the supply chain of distribution channel and then strengthen institutions to increase productivity. Originality/value: This study needs to measure each business unit’s performance in strengthening its supply chain strategy to optimize the distribution channel. This study’s implication can contribut, Peer Reviewed

Mutual respect and mutual respect is an attitude that must be owned by everyone to realize a tolerance. Tolerance is the most important aspect of social life. Where in social life of course everyone wants a safe, peaceful, and peaceful life. In terms of the teachings of religious moderation, it is not only belonging to one particular religion, but various religions and even world civilizations also have things like that. This study concludes that religious moderation is necessary, especially now that religious moderation aims to create a generation that is moderate and not easily influenced by radical ideas spread from cyberspace. As in Confucianism, this ethnic Chinese religion also upholds a sense of tolerance. This is done on the grounds that differences are certain things and differences should not be to divide but to complement each other.AbstrakSaling menghargai dan saling menghormati adalah suatu sikap yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap orang untuk terwujudnya suatu toleransi. Toleransi merupakan aspek terpenting dalam hidup bermasyarakat. Dimana dalam hidup bermasyarakat tentu semua orang menginginkan hidup yang aman, tentram, dan damai. Dalam hal ajaran moderasi agama bukanlah hanya kepunyaan satu agama tertentu saja, melainkan berbagai agama bahkan peradaban dunia juga mempunyai hal seperti itu. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa moderasi beragama sangat diperlukan apalagi saat ini moderasi beragama bertujuan agar mencetak generasi yang moderat dan tidak gampang terpengaruh oleh paham-paham radikal yang disebarkan dari dunia maya. Seperti halnya didalam agama Khonghucu, agama etnis Tionghoa ini juga menjunjung tinggi rasa toleransi. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan alasan bahwa perbedaan merupakan hal yang pasti adanya dan perbedaan seharusnya tidak untuk memecah belah melainkan untuk saling melengkapi

Mutual respect and mutual respect is an attitude that must be owned by everyone to realize a tolerance. Tolerance is the most important aspect of social life. Where in social life of course everyone wants a safe, peaceful, and peaceful life. In terms of the teachings of religious moderation, it is not only belonging to one particular religion, but various religions and even world civilizations also have things like that. This study concludes that religious moderation is necessary, especially now that religious moderation aims to create a generation that is moderate and not easily influenced by radical ideas spread from cyberspace. As in Confucianism, this ethnic Chinese religion also upholds a sense of tolerance. This is done on the grounds that differences are certain things and differences should not be to divide but to complement each other.AbstrakSaling menghargai dan saling menghormati adalah suatu sikap yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap orang untuk terwujudnya suatu toleransi. Toleransi merupakan aspek terpenting dalam hidup bermasyarakat. Dimana dalam hidup bermasyarakat tentu semua orang menginginkan hidup yang aman, tentram, dan damai. Dalam hal ajaran moderasi agama bukanlah hanya kepunyaan satu agama tertentu saja, melainkan berbagai agama bahkan peradaban dunia juga mempunyai hal seperti itu. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa moderasi beragama sangat diperlukan apalagi saat ini moderasi beragama bertujuan agar mencetak generasi yang moderat dan tidak gampang terpengaruh oleh paham-paham radikal yang disebarkan dari dunia maya. Seperti halnya didalam agama Khonghucu, agama etnis Tionghoa ini juga menjunjung tinggi rasa toleransi. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan alasan bahwa perbedaan merupakan hal yang pasti adanya dan perbedaan seharusnya tidak untuk memecah belah melainkan untuk saling melengkapi

Developing the Textbook of Classroom Action Research through Participatory Action Research Quality and Challenges. Objective This study collaboratively developed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) textbook and formatively evaluated its quality. Method: Using Participatory Action Research (PAR), this study collaborated with 29 teachers in Aceh to design, develop, and iteratively evaluate the textbook. During the design and development process, we formatively evaluated it through self-reflection, expert appraisal, questionnaires, and interviews to produce quality textbooks in terms of validity and practicality. Findings Results showed that although most teachers initially did not understand CAR, there was an increase in their understanding and interest in implementing CAR with the textbook guidelines. Besides, the textbook’s validity and practicality increased as expressed by the teachers. Conclusion Using PAR in writing CAR with the teacher improves the quality of the textbook, in terms of its validity and practicality.Keywords teachers involvement, participatory action research, textbook quality.Abstrak Pengembangan Buku Teks Penelitian Tindakan Kelas melalui Penelitian Tindakan Partisipatif Kualitas dan Tantangan. Tujuan Penelitian ini secara kolaboratif mengembangkan buku teks Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dan mengevaluasi kualitasnya secara formatif. Metode Menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Partisipatif (PAR), penelitian ini bekerja sama dengan 29 guru di Aceh untuk merancang, mengembangkan, dan mengevaluasi buku teks secara berulang. Selama proses desain dan pengembangan, kami mengevaluasi buku tersebut secara formatif melalui refleksi diri, penilaian ahli, kuesioner, dan wawancara untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas dari segi validitas dan kepraktisan. Temuan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sebagian besar guru pada awalnya tidak memahami PTK, terjadi peningkatan pemahaman dan minat mereka dalam menerapkan PTK dengan pedoman buku teks.

The COVID19 pandemic significantly affects numerous everyday issues all over the planet, one of which is in the space of education. Like different nations all over the planet, Indonesia is changing its schooling framework into e-learning as a careful step to forestall the spread of the infection. Internet learning has turned into another test for educators and understudies to track down the right learning in these circumstances The point of this review is to create and find the legitimacy and common sense of the Flipped Guided Inquiry-based learning model produced for secondary school understudies. This exploration is innovative work (RnD) with the flomp advancement model. The subjects of this review were eleventh grade secondary school understudies, science instructors, and science educators at Padang State University. The devices utilized are legitimacy sheets for legitimacy tests and utility sheets for utility tests. The legitimacy test was completed on two educators and three instructors and three understudies in a singular evaluation. Down to earth tests were done on fifteen grade 11 understudies at SMAN 8 Padang. In light of the investigation, it got the legitimacy of 0.96 which shows that the learning framework is legitimate and 0.93 for the legitimacy and reasonableness score got by 93% of the instructor and the understudy in little gatherings who express that this review has a high common sense. The consequences of this review show whether the created model is substantial and functional for use in learning science in secondary school

The COVID19 pandemic significantly affects numerous everyday issues all over the planet, one of which is in the space of education. Like different nations all over the planet, Indonesia is changing its schooling framework into e-learning as a careful step to forestall the spread of the infection. Internet learning has turned into another test for educators and understudies to track down the right learning in these circumstances The point of this review is to create and find the legitimacy and common sense of the Flipped Guided Inquiry-based learning model produced for secondary school understudies. This exploration is innovative work (RnD) with the flomp advancement model. The subjects of this review were eleventh grade secondary school understudies, science instructors, and science educators at Padang State University. The devices utilized are legitimacy sheets for legitimacy tests and utility sheets for utility tests. The legitimacy test was completed on two educators and three instructors and three understudies in a singular evaluation. Down to earth tests were done on fifteen grade 11 understudies at SMAN 8 Padang. In light of the investigation, it got the legitimacy of 0.96 which shows that the learning framework is legitimate and 0.93 for the legitimacy and reasonableness score got by 93% of the instructor and the understudy in little gatherings who express that this review has a high common sense. The consequences of this review show whether the created model is substantial and functional for use in learning science in secondary school

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the face-to-face learning process to online. According to the demands of the 2013 curriculum, students play an active role in learning. Guided inquiry is a learner-centered learning model and can find a concept. A Flipped classroom is a learning system that can cope with online learning. This study uses R&D with a ploomp model, obtaining data from media experts with an average of 0.87 categorized with high validity, and the average obtained from material experts in chemistry is 0.84 categorized with high validity. While the average value of practicality obtained from students is 92% categorized as very practical and data obtained from high school teachers is 89% categorized as very practical.

The covid-19 pandemic led the Indonesian government to make the decision that learning be conducted online. Online learning requires learning that requires teachers and students to be creative and skilled in carrying out learning. While the 2013 curriculum requires learning to be carried out oriented towards students. Therefore, research is needed that aims to develop an inquisition-based flipped classroom learning system guided by electrolyte solution materials and nonelectrolite solutions that can improve the quality of learning during pandemics and to face the 4.0 era. This research uses plomp research model, with R&D research type, through 3 stages, namely: (1) Preliminary research; (2) Prototyping stage; 3) Assessment phase. This learning system is conducted validation test with Aiken's V formula with validity value which is categorized as very valid, and practicality test with percentage formula with practical category for students and very practical if used by teachers in learning. So the flipped classroom learning system becomes a way out of the problems faced during pandemic learning.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many life changes, including education. Learning that was previously done face-to-face must be done online. The guided inquiry was a student-centered learning model, in which the students can build their own concepts so that learning can be more meaningful. In order to support this, a flipped classroom was needed that allowed teachers and students to optimize study time. This study aimed to develop and reveal the validity and practicality of the guided inquiry-based flipped classroom learning system on the reaction rate material for 11th-grade high school students. This research used a Research and Development (RnD) with the Plomp development model. The subjects of this study were students of class XI SMA, chemistry teachers, and chemistry lecturers at Padang State University. The instruments used were validity sheets for validity test and practicality sheets for practicality test.

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, learning activities are carried out online or online. In addition, the 2013 curriculum demands learner-centered learning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to develop alearning system flipped classroom guided inquiry-basedon Thermochemistry material and test the validity and practicality of the resulting learning system. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp model stages, namely: (1) preliminary research, (2) development or prototyping phase, and (3) assessment phase (not carried out). The research data from the validation questionnaire were analyzed using theformula Aiken's V, while the practicality questionnaire data was analyzed by percentage. Based on the results of the study, the learning system developed was valid with an average value of 0.87 while the average value of media validity was 0.87 and the learning system was said to be very practical in its use with an average value of 88% from educators and students is 87%. From the tests that have been carried out, this learning system can be used as an alternative to the implementation of online learning.

The Covid-19 pandemic has surged several of countries around the world, including Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected various fields of our life including education sector. It leads to the change of the learning system from offline learning to online learning. In addition, the 2013 curriculum applies the learner-centered learning. Therefore, this study is aimed to develop a guided inquiry-based flipped classroom learning system on a chemistry school material about redox and electrochemical reactions and to measure the level of validity and practicality of this type of learning system. This research is conducted Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp development model. The research instruments are in the form of validation sheets and practicality questionnaires. Based on the results of the analysis for the validity of the questionnaire, it can be obtained value of 0.86 in the validity category. Furthermore, the results of the analysis for the practicality test can be obtained that 86% in the very practical category from the students and 94% in the very practical category from the teachers. The results of this study is to indicate that the learning system developed is valid and practical and to indicate that it can be used as a solution in the implementation of online learning.

The outbreak of Coronavirus (Covid-19) in Indonesia on March 2020 caused a shift in the learning system from face-to-face to online learning. As a result of the implementation of this online learning system, students are required to stay being active in the learning process and teachers are also required to be able to create student-centered learning in accordance with the demands of the 2013 curriculum. Therefore, a study that aimed to assist teachers in providing a learning system is needed. Flipped classroom guided inquiry based on student-centered colloidal system material and tested the level of validity and practicality of the developed learning system is needed. The type of this research is Research and Development (R&D) with a plomp development model. The results showed that the learning system was valid according to expert judgment with a V value of 0.82 and very practical with a practicality percentage of 88% in terms of distributing practicality question from 15 students.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many life changes, including education. Learning that was previously done face-to-face must be done online. The guided inquiry was a student-centered learning model, in which the students can build their own concepts so that learning can be more meaningful. In order to support this, a flipped classroom was needed that allowed teachers and students to optimize study time. This study aimed to develop and reveal the validity and practicality of the guided inquiry-based flipped classroom learning system on the reaction rate material for 11th-grade high school students. This research used a Research and Development (RnD) with the Plomp development model. The subjects of this study were students of class XI SMA, chemistry teachers, and chemistry lecturers at Padang State University. The instruments used were validity sheets for validity test and practicality sheets for practicality test.

The covid-19 pandemic led the Indonesian government to make the decision that learning be conducted online. Online learning requires learning that requires teachers and students to be creative and skilled in carrying out learning. While the 2013 curriculum requires learning to be carried out oriented towards students. Therefore, research is needed that aims to develop an inquisition-based flipped classroom learning system guided by electrolyte solution materials and nonelectrolite solutions that can improve the quality of learning during pandemics and to face the 4.0 era. This research uses plomp research model, with R&D research type, through 3 stages, namely: (1) Preliminary research; (2) Prototyping stage; 3) Assessment phase. This learning system is conducted validation test with Aiken's V formula with validity value which is categorized as very valid, and practicality test with percentage formula with practical category for students and very practical if used by teachers in learning. So the flipped classroom learning system becomes a way out of the problems faced during pandemic learning.

The outbreak of Covid-19 virus has impacted on school learning system that is transformed from offline learning to online learning. Online learning is designed to support a competent learning by utilizing informational and digital technology. This study is aimed to develop a Flipped-Guided Inquiry Based Learning System on the Buffer Solution material and to test how valid and how practice is this learning system. This research is conducted Research and Development (RnD) with the Ploomp development model. The validation result is 0.83 which is on valid category. Moreover, the practical result is 87% and it shows that it is on the very practical category. The results of this study is to indicate that this learning system is valid and practice so that it can be used as one of an alternatives of online learning.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the face-to-face learning process to online. According to the demands of the 2013 curriculum, students play an active role in learning. Guided inquiry is a learner-centered learning model and can find a concept. A Flipped classroom is a learning system that can cope with online learning. This study uses R&D with a ploomp model, obtaining data from media experts with an average of 0.87 categorized with high validity, and the average obtained from material experts in chemistry is 0.84 categorized with high validity. While the average value of practicality obtained from students is 92% categorized as very practical and data obtained from high school teachers is 89% categorized as very practical.

The outbreak of Coronavirus (Covid-19) in Indonesia on March 2020 caused a shift in the learning system from face-to-face to online learning. As a result of the implementation of this online learning system, students are required to stay being active in the learning process and teachers are also required to be able to create student-centered learning in accordance with the demands of the 2013 curriculum. Therefore, a study that aimed to assist teachers in providing a learning system is needed. Flipped classroom guided inquiry based on student-centered colloidal system material and tested the level of validity and practicality of the developed learning system is needed. The type of this research is Research and Development (R&D) with a plomp development model. The results showed that the learning system was valid according to expert judgment with a V value of 0.82 and very practical with a practicality percentage of 88% in terms of distributing practicality question from 15 students.

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, learning activities are carried out online or online. In addition, the 2013 curriculum demands learner-centered learning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to develop alearning system flipped classroom guided inquiry-basedon Thermochemistry material and test the validity and practicality of the resulting learning system. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp model stages, namely: (1) preliminary research, (2) development or prototyping phase, and (3) assessment phase (not carried out). The research data from the validation questionnaire were analyzed using theformula Aiken's V, while the practicality questionnaire data was analyzed by percentage. Based on the results of the study, the learning system developed was valid with an average value of 0.87 while the average value of media validity was 0.87 and the learning system was said to be very practical in its use with an average value of 88% from educators and students is 87%. From the tests that have been carried out, this learning system can be used as an alternative to the implementation of online learning.

The outbreak of Covid-19 virus has impacted on school learning system that is transformed from offline learning to online learning. Online learning is designed to support a competent learning by utilizing informational and digital technology. This study is aimed to develop a Flipped-Guided Inquiry Based Learning System on the Buffer Solution material and to test how valid and how practice is this learning system. This research is conducted Research and Development (RnD) with the Ploomp development model. The validation result is 0.83 which is on valid category. Moreover, the practical result is 87% and it shows that it is on the very practical category. The results of this study is to indicate that this learning system is valid and practice so that it can be used as one of an alternatives of online learning.

The Covid-19 pandemic has surged several of countries around the world, including Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected various fields of our life including education sector. It leads to the change of the learning system from offline learning to online learning. In addition, the 2013 curriculum applies the learner-centered learning. Therefore, this study is aimed to develop a guided inquiry-based flipped classroom learning system on a chemistry school material about redox and electrochemical reactions and to measure the level of validity and practicality of this type of learning system. This research is conducted Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp development model. The research instruments are in the form of validation sheets and practicality questionnaires. Based on the results of the analysis for the validity of the questionnaire, it can be obtained value of 0.86 in the validity category. Furthermore, the results of the analysis for the practicality test can be obtained that 86% in the very practical category from the students and 94% in the very practical category from the teachers. The results of this study is to indicate that the learning system developed is valid and practical and to indicate that it can be used as a solution in the implementation of online learning.

COVID-19 Pandemic caused some big effects to many sectors of live globally, one of them was in education. Like the other countries around the world, Indonesia changed its educational system to be online learning as a preventive step of spreading the virus. Online learning had become a new challenge for teachers and students to find a proper learning in this situation. The aims of this study are to develop and reveal the validity and practicality of model Flipped-Guided Inquiry based Learning that developed for high school learning. This study is Research and Development (RnD) with Plomp development model. The subjects of this study are 11th grade high school students, chemistry teachers and chemistry lecturer in Universitas Negeri Padang. The instrument used are validity sheet for validity test and practicality sheet for practicality test. Validity test is done on two lecturers and one teacher and three students in one-to-one evaluation. Practicality test is done on fifteen 11th grade students in SMAN 8 Padang. Based on analysis, the validity obtained is 0,86 which states this study is valid and the practicality obtained is 0,84 which states this study has high practicality. The result of this study shows if the model developed are valid and practical to be used in chemistry learning in high school.

The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 or the era of disruption caused many changes in people's lives, including in the field of education. The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the characteristics of the era of disruption, namely volatility and uncertainty where the Covid-19 pandemic occurred and caused changes that were fast and unpredictable (volatility) and there was uncertainty. Changes that occur in education are the learning process from face-to-face in class to online learning. This research develops a learning system and learning media that can be used in certain situations such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This learning system combines flipped classroom learning with guided inquiry learning models. And the development of learning media based on augmented reality to visualize 3D objects in molecular shapes. The research method used Research and Development (R&D) with a ploomp research model. The validity were carried out with the values obtained for the validity of the learning system of 1.08 and the value of the validity of the media at 0.87 in the high valid category. And for the value of the validity of learning media materials BEMO-AR 0.82 and the validity value of learning media 0.86 with high valid categories.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the learning system, learning that is usually done face-to-face must be done online and face-to-face or can be called blended learning. Teachers can take this opportunity to advance the teaching capabilities. Students should be able to play an active role in learning even though it is done online. Guided inquiry is a student-center learning model, where students can build their own concepts, so that learning can be more meaningful. The flipped classroom approach allows teachers and students spend more time because by giving assignments before class will optimize the learning time, and at the star of each class period teacher can review the assignments before. By combining the guided inquiry learning model and the flipped classroom approach, active learning can be achieved, and the learning time will be more effective. In this study, media and material validation was carried out by experts. Students will be given videos and questions before the class period, using Edmodo and teachers and students will discuss it by face-to-face in class period. The type of this study is reseach and development, by using Plomp model to develop it. The media validation results obtained were 0.94 in the high category and for the validation from experts in the field of chemistry the results obtained were 0.86 with the high category. And for the practicality test the results obtained were 82.17% with the practical category

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the learning system, learning that is usually done face-to-face must be done online and face-to-face or can be called blended learning. Teachers can take this opportunity to advance the teaching capabilities. Students should be able to play an active role in learning even though it is done online. Guided inquiry is a student-center learning model, where students can build their own concepts, so that learning can be more meaningful. The flipped classroom approach allows teachers and students spend more time because by giving assignments before class will optimize the learning time, and at the star of each class period teacher can review the assignments before. By combining the guided inquiry learning model and the flipped classroom approach, active learning can be achieved, and the learning time will be more effective. In this study, media and material validation was carried out by experts. Students will be given videos and questions before the class period, using Edmodo and teachers and students will discuss it by face-to-face in class period. The type of this study is reseach and development, by using Plomp model to develop it. The media validation results obtained were 0.94 in the high category and for the validation from experts in the field of chemistry the results obtained were 0.86 with the high category. And for the practicality test the results obtained were 82.17% with the practical category