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The Committee on Indian Currency and Exchange in Great Britain has recently issued a report which has in substance been adopted by the India Office. The recommendations of the Committee aim to restore stability to the rupee and to maintain the convertibility of the Indian paper currency. This article presents a summary of the chief recommendations of the Committee, taken from the London newspaper "Morning Post" of February 3, 1920. Some of the recommendations are as follows. The present rupee unchanged in weight and fineness should remain unlimited legal tender. The import and export of gold to and from India should be free from Government control as soon as the change in the statutory ratio has been effected.

The failure of the Simla, India, conference and of Lord Archibald Wavell's efforts to reconstitute his Executive Council to include acknowledged Indian leaders was not unexpected. It must not be taken to mean that the Indians cannot get together or that India is not fit for self-government. To the question of self-government or freedom for India the Wavell plan had no relevance. It made no change in the constitutional set-up, as the White Paper itself acknowledged. The Viceroy retained his absolute power in the shape of the veto. The checkerboard of princes and princelings was kept, and they remained beyond the jurisdiction of the Executive Council. The WavelI plan was purely at interim measure, without prejudice, as it said, to the future constitution of India. Indian political leaders envisaged all that was the replacement of the political pariahs who constitute the present ExecutIve Council.

Little news has come out of India during the past two months. Indian leader Jawaharlal Nehru is silent behind prison walls and if the people continue to demonstrate on the streets, papers have not reported it. But silence does not necessarily imply submission. India still boils with frustration and unrest. It is the scene of one of the most dismal political failures of the United Nations and Japanese machinations are working to turn that failure into victory for the "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." The central figure in the Japanese campaign is Subhas Chandra Bose, beloved by millions of Indians who remember him as a fiery patriot and leftist leader.

This article discusses how in the history of independent India, the most heinous conflicts have occurred in the most beautiful locations.The author describes the location of Kashmir, India, whose landscape has been described by poets and rulers alike. Similarly, Nagaland, India and Manipur, India's hills and valleys have witnessed bloodshed and destruction.

May 1998 will go down in history books. There's nothing new or original left to be said about nuclear weapons. Everyone in India and in Pakistan were discussing the finer points of politics, and foreign policy, behaving for all the world as though their governments have just devised a newer, bigger bomb, a sort of immense hand grenade with which they will annihilate the enemy and protect themselves from all harm. The head of the Health, Environment and Safety Group of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in Bombay, India has a plan. He declared that India could survive nuclear war. His advice is that if there is a nuclear war, people take the same safety measures as the ones that scientists have recommended in the event of accidents at nuclear plants.

The Indian government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced its intention of extending the NRC to the rest of India. No longer a shadow state or a parallel state, it is the state. On August 5, 2019, the Indian government unilaterally breached the fundamental conditions of the Instrument of Accession by which the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir agreed to become part of India in 1947. Far from being deterred by the chaos and distress created by Assam's NRC, the Modi government is making arrangements to impose it on the rest of India. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents information on the book "The Home Book of Verse," by Burton E. Stevenson. This volume is enlarged to more than four thousand pages, on India paper, and is a sterling example of good presswork. The compiler has carefully heeded the constructive criticism evoked by his previous editions, and the book has so far gained in character and prestige that it may now probably be called definitive. The author's striking and admirable discriminations against every influence that tends to impair the practice of poetry will appear upon examination of his work, and the reader can also with very little trouble gain a sense of the steadfastness of judgment required to make them.

This article discusses the matter related to the U.S. politics and economics, and around the world. The cause of the trouble is obvious enough. The Republican party has fallen into the control of men who have lost all faith in sincerity in politics, or in the intellectual capacity of the people to distinguish between humbug and honesty in party professions. These men firmly believe discussion. It will be hard for protectionists to explain the enormous increase of the cotton manufacture of India in recent years. he amounts of cotton consumed by the mills in successive years, beginning with the above date, are as follows, in thousands of bales: 268. 308, 379, 398, 457, 531, 597, 643, 726, 85-the figure for the year just closed being estimated, but sufficiently accurate.

The article presents editorials on various social and political developments of the world. The United States Congress has been convened in extra session ten times since 1789; one such session, which began in Washington on Monday, closely resembles to the Congress, which met on September 4, 1837. Then, as now, the commercial depression had urged the Executive to convoke Congress in extra session. One of the editorials informs that during the past fifteen years the U.S. have been frequently told by the silverites that the Indian wheat-growers and other producers were gaining an advantage over the American citizens in the export trade by reason of the decline in silver.

The article reports on the effect the bombings of the Mumbai (India) subway are having on Indian foreign relations. India has been refusing to talk with Pakistan, blaming the country for instigating the attacks. International analysts believe than rather than being an act of Pakistani-supported security forces, the Mumbai bombings may be the work of radical Muslim groups inside India.

The article offers information on the Teach for India educational reform movement in India. Topics covered include the adoption of the movement from the U.S. and its effect on students at low-cost private schools in India. Also mentioned is the focus of the program to place graduates of elite colleges into low-income schools to become teachers.

Reports on India prime minister Indira Gandhi's promulgation of the so-called National Security Ordinance of 1980, which authorizes the preventive detention of individuals likely to foment violence. Symbol of the complete failure of Gandhi's government; Resurgence of Hindu-Moslem violence in northern India; Politicization of communal violence.

This article focuses on the book "The Making of British India," by Ramsay Muir. When people consider the mass of original documents available for historians and students of the British period in India, the need of a volume of this convenient compass becomes apparent. While catalogues of official documents are more or less accessible, or are rapidly becoming so, together with the results of the valuable researches of enthusiasts like George Forrest and S.C. Hill, yet a small, synthetic collection of this material has always been desired. In this volume Muir has included the most important dispatches, treaties, statutes, and other documents from 1756 to 1858.

The article presents information about authors who have contributed papers to the October issue of the periodical "North American Review." Two Englishmen, Leslie Stephen and R.D. Osborn, an Indian officer, do the best writing in this number of the North American. Osborn's account of the siege of Delhi is very graphic and interesting. It was well enough known before how it is that the English maintain themselves as masters of millions in India, but it is a vivid flash of light on the subject when one is told of John Nicholson's having been adopted as a god by a new sect of fanatics which arose at his death.

This article presents information about the vernacular literature in India. The vernacular literature, of late years, has received a great impetus from the reactionary wave that has been sweeping over India. The immediate result of the introduction of English education in Hindustan was to infatuate the young men of the land with, a reverence for everything Occidental, good, bad, and indifferent. Many men tried their hand at fiction. Indeed, novels in the different dialects are becoming very popular in this country. Not only do the half-educated men devour them, but the middle class and aristocratic women with primary schooling are greedy for them.

This article focuses on an occasion in which a 400-year-old pledge had been redeemed for Lohars, an artisan community in Rajasthan, India. The Lohars trace their origin, it is said, to the Rajput defenders of Chittor, the ancient Mewar capital which fell to the Moguls in 1568. Driven out of the fort of Chittorgarh into fitful guerrilla warfare, these artisan Lohars became in time nomad blacksmiths. They took a vow that they would never return until Chittor was free from foreign invaders.

The snippet of dialogue from hearings of the sub-committee of the House Committee on Indian Affairs is offered to indicate the level of the criticism of John Collier's administration of the Indian Bureau currently in Washington D.C. these days. Congressman Theodore B. Werner, editor of the Rapid City Guide, of Rapid City, South Dakota, is not one of the House authorities on radicals. The note on Isadora Duncan had been supplied him just before the committee hearing began; no doubt it was the first time he had ever heard of the dancer.

Presents several letters to the editor. Comments on the article "What's Wrong with the World" published in the previous issue of the journal; Appreciation of the article by Richard B. Gregg, discussing the changes recommended by the Simon Commission in India; request for obtaining letters of late novelist D.H. Lawrence.

This article describes an army camp in India at a place with heavy rainfall. The camp was simply a cluster of tents and bamboo huts at the bottom of a valley. It was in a clearing ringed by tea fields and jungle grass. The inhabitants of the nearby villages were dressed in loin cloths and carried long curved knives. It was all rather like a story in the National Geographic. The monsoons were on, and it rained almost every day, sometimes without bait for forty-eight or seventy-two hours. The valley was full of mud and mosquitoes.

India is a very uncomfortable country, but so interesting that one does not notice discomfort until there is leisure to think about it. Drought makes every road a river of dust; other rivers are dried up. Grain is poor as well as scarce and garden products are sapless. As for food, the traveler is in a bad way. Apropos of the famine is a curious instance of the relations between Government and the natives which was unwittingly recorded this week by the Government organ, the Pioneer.

The article discusses the attitude in Indian society towards women and the high rate of sexual crimes against women. Topics include how gender ratios impact the level of rape and other sex crimes in a region citing an article by journalist Sunny Hundal, the difficulty women face in traveling between home and work or school as discussed in the book "Why Loiter? Women and Risk on Mumbai Streets," and the history of publicly engaged women.

The article discusses a protest movement against the Coca-Cola corporation. Accusations of Coke-sponsored death squads in Columbia to assassinate union activists and charges of pollution in India are just two issues used as ammunition against the giant soft drink manufacturer. CEO Neville Isdell has attributed the protests to a very vocal minority.

The article presents information on the book "Buy American: The Untold Story of Economic Nationalism," by Dana Frank. Buying American, as University of California historian Dana Frank's illuminating history reveals, has been a rallying cry for millions in this country ever since Paul Revere and his cohorts, faces blackened, boarded the ships of the East India Company monopoly and clogged Boston Harbor with 90,000 pounds of imported tea. Frank shows how, in the decades and centuries that followed the famous tea party, the movement has always had a fascinating cross-class composition: Wealthy entrepreneurs joined with workers to wrap themselves in the American flag of consumption. One result of this multiclass alliance from 1773 to the present, as Frank points out, is that "as often as not, their visions of the just economy" are "in conflict with each other."

The article presents some political updates as of July 19, 1999. One of the updates focuses on William Rehnquist, the Republican lawyer. He held aloft the banner of state sovereignty as a vehicle for resisting desegregation. Another update highlights that in early May, as the snows melted along the Karakoram Range, Indian troops on routine border patrols discovered that three strategic areas including Dras, Kargil and Batalik in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India had been occupied by insurgents.

Presents an overview of Indian political situation after the general elections of March 20, 1977. Public state of mind after toppling of government of Congress Party under the leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; Outrage in the press and public against Gandhi on various civic issues; Account of the sufferings of political leaders during the time of emergency rule.

The article presents information related to several socio-political issues. Japan is slipping into depression, prices falling, and unemployment rising. The yen grows weaker each day. All Asia feels the effects. Hong Kong reports its first recession in ten years. On the surface, the U.S. economy seems to benefit from the turmoil, its stocks buoyed by frightened foreign investors, its inflation checked by cheap imports. With their five nuclear tests, India's right-wing leaders have committed a crime against India and its neighbors. The Pakistani leaders, who matched India with six tests, have done no less. The stage is set for a deadly arms race involving India, Pakistan, and China.

In this article, authors shares their views regarding various political issues related to different parts of the world. The recent detonation by India of five underground nuclear tests in two days is a world-changing event. And it compels attention to an inescapable question that the nuclear powers have done their best, in the seven years since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Excluding Gaza, the Palestinian Authority now controls 3 percent of the West Bank and shares control with Israel of another 24 percent. During the Oslo talks the Palestinian negotiators, according to then, Israeli negotiator Yossi Beilin, asked for an agreement that would turn over 65 percent of the disputed areas before the final-status talks began, while the Israelis preferred to keep the number closer to 50 percent.

There are more than 100,000 female prostitutes in Bombay, Asia's largest sex bazaar. Ninety percent are indentured slaves, with as many as half trafficked from Nepal, according to human rights groups. Twenty percent of Bombay's commercial sex workers are under 18. Child prostitutes as young as 9 fetch up to 60,000 rupees, or $2,000, at auctions where Arabs from the Persian Gulf bid against Indian men who believe sleeping with a virgin cures gonorrhea and syphilis. Actually, more than half of Bombay's prostitutes are infected with HIV, according to Human Rights Watch, which says that India's red-light districts are the primary vector of its spread into the general population.

The article focuses on various technological calamities that have taken place in various countries. Last December, a toxic cloud escaping from a Union Carbide pesticide plant brought death to at least 2,500 residents of the shantytowns crowding its edges. The alchemy that overnight transformed the Indian city of Bhopal into a gas chamber injured perhaps 200,000 and brought suffering to hundreds of thousands more. Only weeks earlier in Mexico City, Mexico an explosion of liquefied-gas tanks belonging to Pemex, the government oil corporation, killed at least 450 dwellers in nearby slums. The two disasters evoked memories of Seveso, Italy, where in 1976 the dioxin from an exploding chemical reactor hospitalized hundreds and contaminated many acres.

If every disaster is unique, or disastrous in its own way, the three recent ones, at Bhopal in India, Chernobyl in the Soviet Union and aboard the Challenger spacecraft, have at least this much in common, they all suggest that people need to revise the generalizations about Catastrophes. Energy, chemicals and military power are basic state and corporate obligations in the United States and in the Soviet Union, those dangerous systems responsible for the production of energy, chemicals and military power will always be declared essential and supported by numerous organizations and interests.

Behind India and, Pakistan's acceptance of the "cease-fire" are a number of critically important developments. But the paradox of the cease-fire, in a sense, is the fact that China is perhaps the power primarily responsible for it. The conclusion increasingly reached is that this war cannot be just, essentially because it is immoral to fight a war in the midst of a civilian population that has never clearly expressed itself one way or the other on the so-called issues. It is basically a great-power struggle, and since it cannot be fought except with the most horrible consequences to people who are in effect bystanders, it is inherently and irremediably immoral.

The article presents some socio-political updates of the world as of November 7, 1907. It was a singular political fate, which made Secretary of State for India, John Morley responsible for the government of India at a time of unrest and danger. Himself an old Radical, sworn enemy or everything that looks like oppression or tyranny, it has been Morley's official duty for the past year, as to employ every resource of the law against seditious agitation. In another update, the London, England, Library has lately come into possession of 600 volumes, which were once owned by writer Leslie Stephen. All of them have to do with religion or philosophy, and every volume has marginal notes in Stephen's hand, or drawings from his pencil.

The article focuses on a report, which is a part of the testimony of General Rex Dyer, the officer in command of the British troops at Amritsar during the May disturbances, at the hearing of November 19, 1920 of the Disorders Inquiry Committee at Lahore, Pakistan. After testifying that on May 10 and May 11, a force consisting of 100 British and 200 Indian soldiers went from Jullundar to Amritsar, General Dyer stated that on May 11, in response to a telegram, he himself went to Amritsar by motor car. Their conversation is the focus of this article.

Presents letters to the editor on various political and cultural issues and developments. Reasons which render doubtful a permanent and durable peace in Europe; Views on sending troops from British Empire of India for England's aid, to Europe; Arguments advanced in support of peace propaganda.

In the summer of 1968, American scholars of South Asian studies found their research in India jeopardized by disclosure in the New Delhi, India, Parliament that the University of California, Berkeley, California, Himalayan Border Countries Project was to be financed for three years in the amount of $282,844 by the United States Department of Defense. This project had been in existence on a modest scale for several years under civilian, nongovernmental sponsorship. The region is politically sensitive, and India's response to the Defense Department connection was vigorous; the project died. There seems to have been pre-existing doubts about the aims and desirability of all foreign social science research, but the suspicions were exacerbated by the disclosures and resultant political clamor regarding the Himalayan Project.

The article focuses on world politics. The Powers signatory to the Treaty of Berlin have practically agreed to impose upon Serbia a policy of moderation with respect to Austria-Hungary. If Serbia is persuaded to keep the peace by retraining tram impossible demands, it follows that Austria will not be allowed to endanger peace by further exasperating the feelings of the Serbian people. The Society for the Advancement of India has addressed an open letter to the U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in which it takes exception to the President's eulogy on the British administration in India. The Society's letter then goes on to state and forcibly the case against British rule in India, in its severest form.

As the Queen of England was engulfed in the American woman's magazine myth of the perfect-mother-with-a-perfect-job, back home in England she was losing the argument. The English re-assess their royalty every generation or so, sometimes with the musket and the axe and had chosen this moment to go at it again, though only with the type-writer. A mass-educated democracy, all of whom must fight for the realm, has enormously changed the problem of loyalty to either England or the House of England. This larger mass necessarily assays at the usual rate of cads, cowards, soreheads, screwballs, traitors, though the rate is probably higher in the Balkans, Egypt and India.

The article presents news related to world politics. The final results of India's first general election since attaining independence are still to come but one thing is clear, a bold democratic experiment has been triumphantly vindicated. The right to vote was exercised by more than 50 per cent of those eligible, a greater proportion than in the last presidential elections in the U.S. The largest white-collar strike in history ended when 15,000 members of the Insurance Agents International Union voted by a narrow margin to accept a compromise settlement offered by the Prudential Life Insurance Company.

The article presents information on the books that are to be published. A "National Edition" of the Works of Daniel Webster in eighteen volumes is announced by Little, Brown & Co., Boston. The plan of Harris Hawthorne Wilder's "A Synopsis of Animal Classification," will be appreciated by all who have to deal with zoological classification. The book expresses Wilder's opinions in regard to a prober characterization and arrangement of the animals It is to be considered a temporary arrangement or a summary of the author's present knowledge.

The article presents updates from the publishing business. Ginn & Co. have almost prepared "Nature Study and Life," by Clifton F. Hodge for publishing. John Lane will shortly publish "Esoteric Christianity, or the Lesser Mysteries," by the late Annie Besant, and "Ancient Royal Palaces in and Near London,' by Thomas R. Way, with 24 full-page lithographs in a limited edition of 100 copies. Also fittingly intended to be the first of the "Rulers of India Series," fortunately delayed till the last, the volume on Asoka, by Vincent A. Smith incorporates the most recent discoveries in regard to the Emperor and his time.

India's freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi's civil-disobedience move is not merely a matter of whether the police are stronger than the Indian nationalists. If the British wish to imply that Gandhi is pro-Japanese they may do so, it only makes a settlement in India more difficult. Gandhi is not pro-Japanese or pro-Axis. He is pro-British, he is pro-Chinese, he is pro-American. If the British do crush the Gandhi movement, India will be bitter, sullen, and resentful and an easier prey to Japan and Germany.

The Japanese air attack on Colombo on the island of Ceylon and raids along the east coast of India supply at least a tentative answer to the frequently asked question that if Japan will strike next at India or Australia. During the past fortnight there has been little action along the approaches to Australia except a few light aerial attacks on Port Moresby and Fort Darwin. But the seizure of the Andaman Islands and the attack on Ceylon are precisely the moves that must precede an offensive against India. The powerful air and land forces which the enemy has dispatched against Upper Burma also lend confirmation to the belief that an attack on India is imminent.

In his radio speech to the Indian people Stafford Cripps said that their object is to give the Indian people full self-government, with complete freedom as to how they will devise their own constitution. The program which he has presented, gives the Indians immediately a greatly increased share in their own government and guarantees dominion status after World War II. Reports from India state that both Mohandas K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru are opposed to acceptance of the Cripps plan as it now stands. The plan would commit India to joining fully in the fight against the Axis powers, and Gandhi believes that India should offer only passive resistance to any invader.

The article presents an overview of the March 9, 1940 issue of "The Nation." In its resolution proclaiming a campaign of civil disobedience unless Britain takes immediate steps to assure India's independence, the Executive Committee of the Indian National Congress has issued a final warning. For months, the Congress leaders have been engaged in futile negotiations with the Viceroy and other British representatives. Both sides have been adamant. The British, while assuring India of their ultimate desire to grant self-government to the Indian people, have insisted that no action could be taken during the war because of the as yet unsolved problem of the Moslem and other minorities.

The article focuses on the freedom struggle of India. Despite the government censorship in India, the news that leaks through the cables, together with British journalistic comments, makes a very interesting picture to one who is familiar with the forces at work. The arrest of Indian freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi has not weakened but strengthened the power of the Indian Congress movement. That was natural, for not till he was imprisoned did the full force of his example and ideas begin to tell upon the hearts and minds of Indians.

The article focuses on the book "Slaves of the Gods," by Katherine Mayo. Mayo has again outraged all sense of international courtesy and decency by publishing a second volume, illustrative of her former book, "Mother India," without any apology for the exaggerations and inaccuracies which have been pointed out in her former volume. It is difficult for those who do not know the tension under which India is passing to realize what infinite harm is being done by such gross breathes of racial goodwill and understanding as this book represents. The nerves of India today are raw with insults and humiliations; and there is something cruel in the extreme in thus stabbing and wounding, over and over again, a sensitive people at such a time. Mayo has done nothing whatever, practically and sympathetically, to prove her love for the people whom she wounds.

The article presents recent developments around the world related to various issues. The U.S. Secretary of State, George C. Marshall recently made a statement in which he challenged all who cling to a policy of drift in the face of Europe's economic crisis. The survival of Spain's dictator, Francisco Franco and his Fascist regime two years after the war's end is an arrogant challenge to the United Nations Assembly which convenes this week. The communal riots in India continue to engage the attention of the governments of India and Pakistan. The latest British by-election, in the edge Hill district of Liverpool, England, it has been said that this was real test of the Labor government's hold and popular support and that the Labor Party had a hard fight on his hands.

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in his House of Commons speech of March 6, again exposed the insincerity of the Tory case against the government's decision to leave India in 1948. Oppressed by the fact, and unable to deny its truth, that Britain lacks both the force and the desire to govern India against its will, Mr. Churchill could only plead Britain's sacred duty of protecting minorities, presumably in the hope that morality would overcome discretion. The war-time leader once declared that he had not become Prime Minister in order to liquidate the Empire, but in the pinch of absolute necessity he would permit Britain to become the client of the Trusteeship Council.

The article presents information about various political and social developments around the world. In spite of the sober language used by, major general of British military, Alan Cunningham, in announcing the British military drive in Palestine, there was a sharp note of hysteria in the whole operation. To put the country into a virtual state of siege, concluding hundreds of raids, arrests, and searches in the chief cities and many of the communal settlements and invading the headquarters of the Jewish Agency itself, was to ask for trouble on a big scale. The British cabinet mission to India was returning home with its task unfinished but not entirely empty handed. After months of grueling labor it had induced both the major Indian political organizations, the Congress Party and the Moslem League, to accept the proposals for a United States of India which it brought forward when agreement on a joint plan between these two parties proved impossible.

The British government proposal comes down firmly on the side of Indian unity, discarding Pakistan as economically and politically unworkable and as a serious danger to any scheme of national defense. The proposal, however, gives full recognition to communal aspirations and rights and provides for a large measure of provincial autonomy. The Labor Party has shown that in the field of imperial affairs it can act in accordance with its basic socialist traditions and can also muster wise statesmanship to meet a vastly complicated situation.