30 results on '"Kobyliansky E"'
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2. Mode of inheritance of dermatoglyphic pattern intensity index on fingers in five Indian populations: A comparative study between individual trait and its factor
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Karmakar, B., Yakovenko, K., and Kobyliansky, E.
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Our previous study (Karmakar et al. 2005 Ann. Hum. Biol. 32:445–468) was on 500 pedigrees of five different populations, with factor 1 comprising quantitative finger dermatoglyphics (including pattern intensity index, PII) and factor 1 controlled by major genes. The present results of a complex segregation analysis of the individual trait PII of the same five populations were compared with previous results to ascertain the extent of variation between individual trait PII and its factor (factor 1) with respect to mode of inheritance. The comparative findings are very similar in five populations, irrespective of different ethnic groups. This result suggests that the variability of their biological relevance is influenced by the same genetic component, thus representing a similar mode of inheritance with major gene involvement in all populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:377–386, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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- 2006
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3. Circulating levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin/macrophage-colony stimulating factor in a presumably healthy human population
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Trofimov, S, Pantsulaia, Ia, Kobyliansky, E, and Livshits, G
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OBJECTIVES: To determine the ranges of variation of circulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG)/macrophage-colony stimulating factor(M-CSF) and to ascertain their potential relationships with age, sex and menopausal status in women, and with sex hormones in a population-based healthy cohort. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected with EDTA after an overnight fast. The plasma levels of each of the above biochemical indices were measured by ELISA in a total of 566 apparently healthy individuals aged 18-75 years. RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of cytokine molecules in the entire sample ranged from 674 to 4929 pg/ml for OPG, from 105 to 4468 pg/ml for soluble RANKL (sRANKL), and from 187 to 7604 pg/ml for M-CSF. The OPG levels demonstrated a clear positive correlation with age in both sexes (r=0.42 and 0.43, P<0.001, for men and women respectively). Application of the two-interval mathematical model revealed that in females OPG levels were age-independent until age 42, but then showed clear and significant correlation with age (r=0.48, P<0.001). As a result, young females (before 42 years) had a substantially lower average OPG level, 1377.8+/-327.68 pg/ml, in comparison with older women, 1666.02+/-397.14 pg/ml. The M-CSF correlation with age was significantly greater in women (r=0.29, P<0.001) compared with men (r=0.17, P<0.01). Significant negative correlations between plasma levels of both OPG and M-CSF with estradiol concentrations were observed in women (r=-0.39, P<0.01; r=-0.25, P<0.001 respectively). sRANKL did not correlate with either age or sex hormones in either women or men. CONCLUSION: Age and sex affect differently the interindividual variation of OPG, RANKL and M-CSF. Our observations could form the basis for further research to establish provisional reference limits for OPG and RANKL, which are potential markers for benign and malignant processes in bone.
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- 2004
4. Genetic effects of estrogen receptor α and collagen IA1 genes on the relationships of parathyroid hormone and 25 hydroxyvitamin D with bone mineral density in Caucasian women
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Sapir-Koren, R, Livshits, G, and Kobyliansky, E
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There is a growing body of evidence that estrogen receptor α (ERα) and collagen IA1 (COLIA1) genes may affect bone mineral density (BMD) levels in postmenopausal women. In a recent study we found that the Px haplotype of the ERαgene (resulting from combined PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment-length polymorphisms [RFLPs] in intron 1) was associated with low radiographic phalangeal hand BMD in elderly women (62.7 ± 6.5 years of age), of European origin. The combination of the Px haplotype and “s” allele of the COLIA1gene (MscI RFLP in Sp1 locus) decreased BMD in these women. The major aim of the present study was to investigate whether the genetic effects of these genotypes on cancellous and cortical hand BMD, in the same elderly women (N = 122), are possibly mediated through circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and may be related to biochemical markers of bone turnover (propeptide of type I procollagen [PICP] and osteocalcin). Multiple regression analyses of age-adjusted cancellous BMD revealed that ERαpolymorphism and circulating levels of PTH were independent predictors of about 12.9% of its variation. Some 17.9% of cortical BMD variations were attributable to the combined effects of ERαpolymorphism and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, estradiol, and PTH. The significant inverse association between PTH and BMD of both types was further confirmed by association analysis according to categorical subgroups of BMD values, as well by haplotype status. The mean difference in PTH concentrations between subjects carrying the Px haplotype (higher mean) and those lacking it (lower mean) reached 0.59 SD (P= .01). The difference in PTH levels further increased when explored in the 4 subgroups formed by combinations of polymorphic ERαand COLIA1genotypes. Mean PTH of subjects carrying both the Px haplotype and “s” allele was higher by 1.52 SD (P= .001) than in subjects lacking both the Px haplotype and “s” allele. Those carrying both Px haplotype and “s” allele were also characterized by highest mean value of PICP and lowest means of 25(OH)D and BMD (both tissue types). We conclude that in the studied elderly women, the Px haplotype may be involved in causing the phenotypic expression of higher circulating levels of PTH and higher bone turnover, which, in turn, may lead to bone loss.
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- 2003
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5. Genetics of human body size and shape: complex segregation analysis
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Livshits, G., Otremski, I., and Kobyliansky, E.
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The genetic component in a mixed heritability model, including major gene, multifactorial and sibling environment transmissible components, was studied for some 20 anthropometric traits in two ethnically different samples. The first sample comprised 305 Mexican nuclear families, and the second comprised 83 Ashkenazi Jewish nuclear families living in Israel. All variables, after adjustment for age and sex, were subjected to principal-components analysis (PCA) in each sample separately. The mixed model of inheritance as implemented in the computer program POINTER was used in the present study. An attempt was made to evaluate genetic effects in the variation of the first principal components (PCs). PCA showed a clear separation of variables and was easily interpretable. The PC1 was a credibly general size factor. This factor alone accounted for about 30% of the total variance. Other components are rather shape factors for various combinations of traits. The testing of several genetic hypotheses showed the following: (1) For all factor scores the genetic component was high and statistically significant. (2) In a Mexican sample, for PC1 and PC2, both major gene and polygenes contributed significantly to the total variation of these variables; in the major locus the alleles were most probably codominant. (3) For all other PCs the major gene effect hypothesis was rejected, with more than 50% of the variation attributable to the polygenes contribution. (4) No evidence was found for sibling environmental resemblance in either sample.
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- 1995
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6. Changes in the mechanical properties of rat tail tendon during postnatal ontogenesis
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Morein, G., Goldgefter, L., Kobyliansky, E., Goldschmidt-Nathan, M., and Nathan, H.
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The ultimate tensile strength, elasticity modulus and ultimate elongation of tail tendon in rats aged 1–18 months were measured with an Instron tensile apparatus. An increase in all these parameters was observed during the period of maturation, with a later levelling off of the tensile strength and the ultimate elongation. The value of the elasticity modulus attained a maximum during sexual maturation, and then decreased and stabilized.
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- 1978
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7. Bilateral asymmetry in dental discrete traits in human isolates: South Sinai Bedouin tribes
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Moskona, D., Vainder, M., Hershkovitz, I., and Kobyliansky, E.
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Es werden dentalmorphologische Daten vorgelegt, die anhand von Abdrücken bei 6-13jährigen Jungen und Mädchen von vier Beduinenstämmen auf dem südlichen Sinai (Gebeliya, Muzeina, Hamada und Aliquat) und einer - als “other tribes” bezeichnet - gemischten Gruppe (Awlad Said, Gararsha, Sawalcha, Haweitat und Beni-Wassal) gewonnen werden konnten. Als Abdruckmaterial wurde Alginat verwendet. Die Abdrücke wurden dann irreversibel gehärtet. Insgesamt standen 352 Abdrücke zur Verfügung. Am Oberkiefer konnten 29 diskrete Dentalmerkmale des Dauergebisses und 2 des Milchgebisses untersucht werden, am Unterkiefer 24 bzw. 2, insgesamt also 57 Merkmale. Es wurden nur deutliche Merkmalsausprägungen berücksichtigt. Von diesen 57 Merkmalen wurden nur 30 für die Asymmetrieanalysen herangezogen. Eine völlige Symmetrie wurde bei zwei Unterkieferzähnen bzw. -merkmalen beobachtet: a) lateraler Incisivus - LI - leichte Neigung; b) Caninus - Cn - kein linguales Cingulum sowie bei drei Oberkieferzähnen bzw. -merkmalen a) mittlerer Incisivus - CI - leichte Konvexität der labialen Profilkurvatur; b) erster Prämolar - PM1 - intercuspale Distanz mehr als 3 mm; und c) zweiter Molar - M2- Grubenrinnenmuster ähnlich dem ersten Molar. Geringe Asymmetriewerte (1-5,1 %) wurden für die Form- und Umrißmerkmale, die Oberflächenkontur und die Zahl der Kuppen an den drei Oberkiefer- und zwei Unterkieferzähnen festgestellt (neun diskrete Merkmale). Beträchtliche Asymmetriewerte (12,7-37,0 %) konnten hinsichtlich Neigungsform, Gratausprägung, Rinnen, Gruben und lingualen Tuberkeln bei drei Oberkieferzähnen und einem Unterkieferzahn beobachtet werden (15 diskrete Merkmale). Die hohe Asymmetrierate der distalen Zähne (in derselben Gruppe) war mit einer geringen Stabilität dieser Zähne korreliert. Die Asymmetrierate der Molaren war größer als die der Incisivi. Im Oberkiefer war diese Rate beträchtlicher als im Unterkiefer.
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- 1996
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8. Relationship between genetic anomalies of different levels and deviations in dermatoglyphic traits. Part 2: Dermatoglyphic peculiarities of females with Turner's syndrome
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Kobyliansky, E., Bejerano, M., Vainder, M., and Katznelson, M. Bat-Miriam
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Die vorliegende Untersuchung befaßt sich mit den Auswirkungen chromosomaler Aberrationen (45X/46XX oder 45X/47XXX oder 45X) bei Frauen mit Turner-Syndrom und analysiert eine Reihe von Merkmalen des Hautleistensystems sowie die Diversitäts- und Asymmetrieindices. Die Hauptziele dieser Untersuchung liegen darin, Hautleistenmerkmale und "fluctuating asymmetry indices" zu finden, die als "marker traits" für den Grad von Entwicklungsinstabilität des Organismus gelten können. Die Stichprobe von Frauen mit dem Turner-Syndrom (N = 57) wurde im Verlauf von 20 Jahren (1968-1988) von Prof. Bat-Miriam Katznelson im Genetischen Institut des Sheba Hospitals in Tel Aviv, Israel, zusammengetragen. Bei allen Patientinnen wurde der chromosomale Status untersucht. Die Finger- und Handabdrücke wurden mittels eines Abdruckkissens der Firma Lamedo Inc., Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, hergestellt. Die Auswertung der Abdrücke erfolgte nach Cummins & Midlo (1961) und Penrose (1968) und umfaßte die Musteridentifikation, die Bestimmung der Leistenzahlen sowie die Messung von Abständen und Winkeln auf der Palma. Bei jeder Patientin wurden 79 Hautleistenmerkmale bestimmt: 28 kontinuierlich variierende Merkmale. 9 diskrete Merkmale, 11 Indices für die intraindividuelle Diversität, 15 Indices für die "directional asymmetry" und 16 Indices für die "fluctuating asymmetry". Die diesbezüglichen Ergebnisse werden ausführlich diskutiert und mit denen verglichen, die an einer gesunden jüdischen Kontrollgruppe aus Israel gewonnen wurden.
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- 1997
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9. Genetic composition of Jewish populations: diversity and inbreeding
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Kobyliansky, E. and Livshits, G.
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Genetic diversity and F statistics analysis, using 9 and 5 blood group loci, respectively, were carried out on 16 Jewish populations from 5 geographic regions: East Europe, Central Europe, South Europe, Middle East and North Africa. The proportion of total diversity found within populations was 98·9% while that between populations, within geographic groups and between groups altogether was only 1·1%. The average heterozygosity between geographic groups ranged from 0·3867 to 0·4150. There were no significant differences between geographic groups of populations in heterozygosity or in its variance. Average estimates of inbreeding were as follows: is = 0·0419, st = 0·0084 and it = 0·0498. Because the heterogeneity and relative proportion of diversity were less between Jewish populations than between non-Jewish ones, we conclude that genetic similarity between Jews is higher than between Gentiles. The findings are in agreement with our previously obtained calculations of genetic distances (Kobyliansky, Micle, Goldschmidt-Nathan, Arensburg and Nathan 1982).
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- 1983
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10. Jewish populations of the world: genetic likeness and differences
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Kobyliansky, E., Micle, S., Goldschmidt-Nathan, M., Arensburg, B., and Nathan, H.
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In six Jewish populations from Eastern, Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Yemen, the frequencies of 30 genes from 13 loci were determined. The calculation of genetic distances between these populations as well as a cluster analysis were done. The gene frequencies of these six populations were computed together with those of 19 other Jewish populations of diverse countries described in the literature. Of the 19 populations, 22 alleles from 10 loci were checked. Gene frequencies in autochthonous, non-Jewish populations from these countries were also computed. All Jewish populations except Yemenites are concentrated in the same cluster, being closer one to another than to any of the non-Jewish groups. A similar picture is obtained when Jewish and non-Jewish populations from 19 countries are subjected to cluster analysis. The differences between the Jewish populations generally tend to bring them closer to the corresponding non-Jewish groups. The present data suggest that these differences cannot always be explained by admixture; other factors such as the effect of convergent adaptive processes must be considered.
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- 1982
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11. Handedness, hand-clasping and arm-folding in Israeli males
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Kobyliansky, E., Micle, S., and Arensburg, B.
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Comparative analysis of handedness, hand-clasping and arm-folding frequencies in four groups of adult Israeli Jewish males of East European origin (N = 562), Central European origin (N = 165), Middle Eastern origin (N = 191), and North African origin (N = 163), indicates a significant similarity between the groups. A high percentage of left-handed individuals was observed in all groups except the Middle Eastern one. Right-hand clasping and left arm-folding predominated in all but the Central European group in which left hand-clasping predominated.When a comparison is made between individuals born in Eastern Europe and those born in Israel to parents of East European origin, the frequency of left handedness was considerably higher among the latter. This may be attributed to an inhibitory effect of the educational system on the expression of sinistrality in the first sub-group.Relationships between handedness and hand-clasping and between hand-clasping and arm-folding was also observed.
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- 1978
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12. Changes in morphology of human populations due to migration and selection
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Kobyliansky, E. and Arensburg, B.
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Anthropological characteristics of 115 young Israeli-born male Jews (18–25 years), offspring of immigrants from Russia and Poland, are described. The morphological changes in the young group are compared with a sample of 1914 from the “parent” group, and with two non-Jewish European groups—1547 in the 18–25 year age range and 3711 in the 40–60 age range. The results indicate a “migrational effect” acting in young migrant offspring as expressed in higher anthropological values. Statistically significant differences were observed among migrants and the original stationary population. A model is proposed for predicting the expected rate of variation of morphological parameters in the first generation of migrants.
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- 1977
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13. Genetics of human body size and shape: pleiotropic and independent genetic determinants of adiposity
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Livshits, G., Yakovenko, K., Ginsburg, E., and Kobyliansky, E.
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The present study utilized pedigree data from three ethnically different populations of Kirghizstan, Turkmenia and Chuvasha. Principal component analysis was performed on a matrix of genetic correlations between 22 measures of adiposity, including skinfolds, circumferences and indices. Findings are summarized as follows: (1) All three genetic matrices were not positive definite and the first four factors retained even after exclusion RG ≥ 1.0, explained from 88% to 97% of the total additive genetic variation in the 22 traits studied. This clearly emphasizes the massive involvement of pleiotropic gene effects in the variability of adiposity traits. (2) Despite the quite natural differences in pairwise correlations between the adiposity traits in the three ethnically different samples under study, factor analysis revealed a common basic pattern of covariability for the adiposity traits. In each of the three samples, four genetic factors were retained, namely, the amount of subcutaneous fat, the total body obesity, the pattern of distribution of subcutaneous fat and the central adiposity distribution. (3) Genetic correlations between the retained four factors were virtually non-existent, suggesting that several independent genetic sources may be governing the variation of adiposity traits. (4) Variance decomposition analysis on the obtained genetic factors leaves no doubt regarding the substantial familial and (most probably genetic) effects on variation of each factor in each studied population. The similarity of results in the three different samples indicates that the findings may be deemed valid and reliable descriptions of the genetic variation and covariation pattern of adiposity traits in the human species.
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- 1998
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14. Relationship between physical traits and rate of some common illnesses in newborn infants
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Kobyliansky, E. and Livshits, G.
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The morbidity rates of newborn infants suffering from jaundice or urinary tract infections (UTI) as well as total morbidity were determined in morphologically different groups of 1088 newborn infants. On the basis of body weight, body length, head circumference and Quetelet's index; the surveyed neonates divided into a modal (MI = mean ± 0·67 SD) and two extreme groups: small (SI MI), for each variable. The results show that, in general, infants with high morbidity, including those suffering from jaundice and UTI, have lower values of all the mentioned morphological traits than do healthy infants. Discriminant analyses of sick and healthy infants (three pairs of comparisons) indicate that decreased weight at birth is typical for all studied categories of morbidity. An additional finding was that infants suffering from UTI or other types of morbidity (total morbidity) originate from small-sized families in which the parents are generally older and the mother tends to be short and overweight.
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- 1988
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15. A morphological approach to the problem of the biological similarity of Jewish and non-Jewish populations
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Kobyliansky, E. and Livshits, G.
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The genetic kinship between various Jewish and non-Jewish groups, from the biochemical standpoint, has been much investigated, frequently with very contradictory conclusions. The present paper reports the results of two comparative analyses of several Jewish and non-Jewish populations as based on morphological measurements of adult males. The first analysis employed data on Jewish and non-Jewish communities from five geographic regions of the world. The dendrogram resulting from the cluster analysis clearly indicates that Jewish populations are much closer to one another than to non-Jewish neighbour groups. In the second analysis, 25 ethnoterritorial groups of the USSR (one Jewish and the rest non-Jewish) were evaluated on the basis of 27 anthropometric characters. The latter Jewish group was markedly separate from the other 24 ethnic groups, and especially distinct when only traits with high coefficients of heritability were employed.
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- 1985
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16. AB0, MNSs and Rhesus blood group systems in some Jewish populations of Israel
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Kobyliansky, E., Micle, S., Goldschmidt-Nathan, M., Arensburg, B., and Nathan, H.
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Die AB0-, MNSs- und Rhesus-Blutgruppen wurden bei israelischen Juden untersucht. Bei 1452 Individuen wurden die AB0-Blutgruppen und bei 955 von ihnen die MNSs- und bei 943 die Rhesus-Blutgruppen bestimmt. Die Befunde wurden nach Herkunft der Probanden aus Ost-, Mittel- und Südeuropa, dem Mittleren Osten, Nordafrika und dem Jemen verglichen und die Häufigkeit der Phänotypen, Gene und Genkomplexe berechnet. Der geringste genetische Abstand wurde zwischen ost- und mitteleuropäischen Gruppen gefunden. Dann folgten die Südeuropäer und die Gruppen aus dem Mittleren Osten. Der größte genetische Abstand fand sich zwischen den jemenitischen und den anderen Gruppen.
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- 1982
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17. Biology of aging in an Israeli population. 2. Polymorphic blood markers and fluctuating asymmetry
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Livshits, G., Otremski, I., and Kobyliansky, E.
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Das Hauptziel dieser Untersuchung war, zu untersuchen, ob bezüglich der Verteilung genetischer Marker des Blutes Unterschiede zwischen jüngeren und älteren Altersgruppen der israelischen Bevölkerung vorhanden sind. Außerdem wurde die Frage einer Beziehung zwischen individueller genetischer Heterozygotie (H) und flukturierender Asymmetrie (FA) untersucht. Das Untersuchungssample umfaßte 208 ältere Personen im Alter zwischen 75 und 94 Jahren. Für jedes Individuum wurden dieselben 18 anthropologischen Merkmale bestimmt, von denen 8 bilaterale Verschiedenheiten aufweisen und 10 Größen und Massenmerkmale sind. Dreizehn polymorphe genetische Marker wurden ebenfalls bei jedem Individuum bestimmt. Die meisten von ihnen zeigten keine Unterschiede zwischen älteren und jüngeren Probanden (Vergleich der 208 älteren mit 207 jüngeren Individuen). Signifikante Unterschiede beruhen in erster Linie auf der beträchtlich geringeren Häufigkeit heterozygoter Individuen in der Stichprobe der Älteren. Unsere Arbeitshypothese für die weiteren Untersuchungen ist die folgende: 1. Morphologisch „zentrale“ Phänotyen sind symmetrischer (geringer FA-Wert) als morphologisch extreme. 2. Zwischen dem FA-Wert und der individuellen Heterozygotie (H) besteht eine negative Korrelation. Um diese Fragen zu untersuchen, wurden ein multivariates Maß für FA und die morphologische Abweichung der Individuen vom Zentroid der Bevölkerung entwickelt. Allerdings konnten bisher keine überzeugenden Anhaltspunkte für eine der beiden Hypothesen gewonnen werden.
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- 1994
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18. Handedness and dermatoglyphic directional and fluctuating asymmetry
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Kobyliansky, E. and Micle, S.
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Die Hautleisten von 650 rechtshändigen und 98 linkshändigen Männern werden verglichen. Die untersuchten 66 Variablen gliedern sich in 24 quantitative Merkmale, 11 Indizes intraindividueller Verschiedenheit, 15 Indizes für Richtungsasymmetrie und 16 Indizes für fluktuierende bilaterale Asymmetrie. Die Daten werden mit Hilfe der Hauptkomponenten- und Diskriminanzanalyse untersucht. Bei Rechtshändern war die fluktuierende Asymmetrie reduziert, während die Richtungsasymmetrie stärker zum Ausdruck kam als bei Linkshändern. Die Hauptkomponenten-Analyse ergab 10 Faktoren, die bei Rechtshändern 68,26 % und bei Linkshändern 73,50 % der totalen Varianz erklärte. Einer der beobachteten Faktoren betraf die Fingerleistenzahl, ein weiterer die Hauptlinien der Handfläche und einer die a-b-Leistenzahlen. Ein vierter Faktor für die intraindividuelle Verschiedenheit wurde ebenfalls festgestellt. Bei den Rechtshändern waren diese vier Faktoren der L, V., X. und II. Faktor, während sich bei den Linkshändern eine leichte Änderung der Reihenfolge ergab. Die hohen Faktorenladungen für die Indizes für Richtungsasymmetrie verteilten sich auf verschiedene Faktoren, wobei die Streuung bei den Linkshändern größer war. Die hohen Ladungen für die Indizes der fluktuierenden Asymmetrie konzentrierten sich auf den Faktor IV bei den Rechtshändern, während sie sich bei den Linkshändern auf mehrere Faktoren verteilten. Die Diskriminanzanalyse ergab eine signifikante Trennung der Rechts- und Linkshänder (D2, Mahalanobis-Abstand = 0,4986, p = 0,0024). 10 diskriminierende Varianten wurden durch diese Analyse gefunden: 4 Indizes für direktionale Asymmetrie, 4 Indizes für fluktuierende Asymmetrie und 2 quantitative Merkmale. Die Korrelation zwischen Hautleisten und Händigkeit führt zu dem Schluß, daß sich in den meisten, wenn nicht in allen Fällen die Händigkeit bereits in frühen Phasen der intrauterinen Entwicklung ausbildet.
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- 1986
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19. Heritability of some morphological traits in man: regression and segregation analysis of familial resemblance
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Kobyliansky, E.
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Bei 305 mexikanischen Familien wurde die Erblichkeit von 20 anthropometrischen Merkmalen mit Hilfe einer multiplen Regressionsanalyse abgeschätzt. Bei den meisten untersuchten Merkmalen wurden ein hoher Heritabilitätskoeffizient (Bereich zwischen 0,6 und 0,9) und eine hohe und signifikante additive Komponente genetischer Varianz gefunden. Nur bei drei Merkmalen hatte die nicht-additive Komponente einen signifikanten Wert. Mit Hilfe der Hauptkomponentenanlyse wurden alle untersuchten Merkmale in 8 voneinander unabhängige Gruppen getrennt. Die Trennung dieser Merkmale nach Abkömmlingen von den morphologischen Eltern-Typen führte zu den erwarteten Verteilungen und stützt somit das Konzept des Mendelschen Erbgangs für diese Merkmale.
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- 1984
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20. Differential fertility and morphological constitution of spouses
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Kobyliansky, E. and Livshits, G.
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Es werden die Beziehungen zwischen Fruchtbarkeit — gemessen an der Geburtenzahl — und morphologischer Konstitution beider Ehepartner bei 230 mexikanischen Familien untersucht. Die Analyse berücksichtigte nicht nur den elterlichen Phänotyp/Genotyp, sondern auch das entsprechend dem additiven Modell erwartete Heterozygositätsniveau der Kinder. Die Untersuchung zeigt einen deutlichen Heterozygotenvorteil hinsichtlich der Fertilität und ebenfalls in Verbindung mit folgenden fünf (davon vier unabhängigen) morphologischen Merkmalen: Gewicht, Körperhöhe, Handbreite, Unterkieferwinkelbreite, Ohrbreite. Der Kopfindex zeigte eine entgegengesetzte Tendenz.
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- 1985
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21. Lerner's concept of developmental homeostasis and the problem of heterozygosity level in natural populations
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Livshits, G and Kobyliansky, E
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In recent years adherents of the neutral mutation hypothesis have conducted a variety of statistical tests concerning the applicability of their theory to data of biochemical genetic polymorphism in natural populations. From the other side, the involvement of natural selection as a main evolutionary force responsible for the observed levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity have also been proposed in numerous field studies and theoretical considerations. However, none of these hypotheses completely and satisfactorily explains the collected data. We believe that one of the main causes of the discrepancy in theories is that the variability at each locus is considered independently in both of the above-mentioned approaches. Yet, it was suggested long ago, and now there is an increasing amount of evidence indicating cooperation between different loci which can influence the variability at each of them. Thus we think that the use of models considering the genome as a suit of independent genes is a priori expected to decrease the efficacy of the approximation.In the present review we attempt to draw attention to findings of interdependence of the variability of different characters and its possible limiting action on the growth of genetic diversity in natural populations. We do not try to give a universal explanation for the processes acting in populations and determining levels of heterozygosity. However, to our mind, the solution of the discussed question requires consideration of genes in their interactions.Heredity (1985) 55, 341–353; doi:10.1038/hdy.1985.117
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- 1985
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22. Directional dental asymmetry in South Sinai Bedouin isolates
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Hershkovitz, I., Moskona, D., Arensburg, B., and Kobyliansky, E.
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Dental casts of 242 Bedouin children were used to study directional asymmetry (DA). Results of Student’s t-test pair comparison showed that for permanent dentition, 4 out of 24 DA measures were statistically significant whereas for deciduous dentition, 8 out of 20 measures were significant (p < 0.05). The magnitude of DA was on the average 1 % of the total size of the tooth. No preference regarding dimension (buccolingual, mesiodistal) or jaw (maxilla, mandible) was detected for the DA. PCA results demonstrated the independent nature of DA measures in the dentition.
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- 1987
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23. Major gene control of human body height, weight and BMI in five ethnically different populations
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GINSBURG, E., LIVSHITS, G., YAKOVENKO, K., and KOBYLIANSKY, E.
- Abstract
Pedigree samples were collected from five ethnically and geographically different populations: Kirghizians, Turkmenians, Chuvashians, Israelis and Mexicans. All studied individuals were assessed for body height, weight and BMI. The sample size in the studied pedigrees ranged from 381 to 1811 individuals. Segregation analysis of these traits preliminarily adjusted for sex and age was performed by means of program package man that provides parameter estimates for the major gene effects, for the residual within the genotype correlations between relatives and for the assortative mating. By the usual transmission probability tests, the 'environmental' model was strongly rejected for all measured traits in all 5 populations. The major gene mode of inheritance, however, was accepted for all traits. The results of analysis in 5 populations were remarkably similar, and showed that except for Mexican sample, the proportion of variance attributable to major gene effect ranged between 37 and 53% for body weight and height. In the Mexican sample it explained only about 14% of the body weight variation. The proportion of inter-individual variation in BMI attributable to major gene effect was consistently lower in all populations in comparison with height and weight and ranged between 17 and 40%. Strong assortive mating in body height, as estimated by correlation between putative major gene genotypes in spouses, was found in four populations, not including Mexican pedigrees.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Relationship between genetic anomalies of different levels and deviations in dermatoglyphic traits. Part 4: Dermatoglyphic peculiarities of males and females with Down syndrome. Family study.,
- Author
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Bat-Miriam Katznelson, M., Bejerano, M., Yakovenko, K., and Kobyliansky, E
- Abstract
Die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde durchgeführt, um den Effekt chromosomaler Morbidität (Trisomie 21) bei Männern und Frauen mit Down-Syndrom hinsichtlich dermatoglyphischer Merkmale (DT) und ihrer Diversitäts- und Asymmetrie-Indices zu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse wurden zwischen Eltern und männlichen und weiblichen Kontrollgruppen verglichen, deren Daten im einzelnen in unserer früheren Publikation mitgeteilt worden sind (Kobyliansky et al. 1999). Das allgemeine Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist darin zu sehen, ob anhand dermatoglypischer Merkmale der Eltern die Wahrscheinlichkeit vorhergesagt werden kann, mit der diese Krankheit bei den Nachkommen auftritt. Die Stichproben umfassen 198 männliche und 140 weibliche Trisomie-21-Patienten sowie ihre Eltern (84 Väter und 153 Mütter); alle Probanden sind israelische Juden. Die Abdrücke wurden im Genetic Institute des Sheba-Hospitals, Ramat-Gan, Israel, gesammelt und durch Chromosomenuntersuchungen abgesichert. Die Analyse der Abdrücke erfolgte nach Cummins & Midlo (1961) sowie Penrose (1968) und umfaßte die Identifikation der Muster, Bestimmung der Leistenzahlen sowie die Analyse der Abstände und Winkel auf der Palma, insgesamt 79 dermatoglyphische Merkmale für jedes Individuum: 28 kontinuierlich variierende Merkmale, 9 diskrete Merkmale, 11 Indices der intraindividuellen Diversität (Div), 15 Indices der directional asymmetry (DA) und 16 Indices der fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung bestätigen die Hypothese, wonach das Ausmaß der fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in den Gruppen mit geringer Entwicklungsstabilität (Gruppen mit chromosomalen Aberrationen) oder anderen Geburtsdefekten im Vergleich zu der FA gesunder Kontrollen erhöht ist. Sie lassen auch die Existenz einer additiven genetischen Komponente in der fluctuating asymmetry der dermatoglyphischen Merkmale annehmen, da eine größere fluctuating asymmetry bei Eltern von Down-Patienten im Vergleich zu Kontrollgruppen beachtet wurde. Die für Down-Patienten typischen dermatoglyphischen Merkmale fanden sich auch bei den Eltern. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen fand sich bei den Down-Patienten weiterhin ein größerer Geschlechtsdimorphismus.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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25. Sexing of Bedouin skeletons from Israel
- Author
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Kobyliansky, E., Arensburg, B., and Rak, Y.
- Abstract
An Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Femur, Tibia und Fibula von 37 Beduinen -Skeletten beider Geschlechter (18 Männer und 19 Frauen) wurden osteometrische Standardmaße genommen. Für jeden Knochen sind drei Maße in einer Diskriminanzfunktion kombiniert worden: y = K1 X1 + K2 X2 + K3 X3 + Konstante, wobei die K-Werte die Diskriminanz-Koeffizienten und die X-Werte die Maßmerkmale repräsentieren. Die Geschlechtsbestimmung der Skelette anhand dieser Diskriminanz-Funktionen erwies sich als 100 % richtig für die Fibia und die Ulna und als 91—94 % richtig für Humerus, Femur, Radius und Fibula.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The digital triradii of the palm: a dermatoglyphic study
- Author
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Micle, S., Kobyliansky, E., Arensburg, B., and Nathan, H.
- Abstract
An einer Stichprobe von 584 gesunden israelischen Juden wurden die digitalen Triradien der Handfläche untersucht. Die Stichprobe wurde nach der geographischen Herkunft in vier Subgruppen unterteilt und nach Rechts- und Linkshändern gegliedert. In der Gesamtstichprobe wurden akzessorische Triradii d' bei 13,10 % festgestellt, Triradii a' bei 7,36 % und c' in 2,48 % aller Handflächen. Ein b'-Triradius wurde in keinem Fall beobachtet. Der Ausfall eines Triradius wurde am häufigsten beim Triradius c (bei 6,25 % der Handflächen) festgestellt. Der Triradius b fehlte nur in zwei Fällen, und der Triradius d nur in einem. Ein Fehlen des Triradius a konnte nicht beobachtet werden. Das Fehlen des Triradius c bei gleichzeitig vorhandenem d' wurde häufiger auf der linken Hand und das Auftreten von d rechtsseitig festgestellt. Hinsichtlich der geographischen Differenzierung zeigten sich hierbei keine Unterschiede des Auftretens. Bei Linkshändern war der a'-Triradius seltener als bei Rechtshändern.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Finger dermatoglyphic characteristics in Israeli males
- Author
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Kobyliansky, E., Micle, S., Arensburg, B., and Narhan, H.
- Abstract
An Fingerabdrücken von 620 offensichtlich gesunden israelischen jüdischen Männern wurden folgende Merkmale untersucht: a) die Häufigkeit der verschiedenen Mustertypen, b) ihre Verteilung auf die einzelnen Finger, c) ihr paarweises Auftreten auf homologen Fingern, d) die Richtung von Wirbeln und e) der Muster-Intensitäts-Index. Die Stichprobe wurde hinsichtlich ihrer geographischen Herkunft in Osteuropa, Mitteleuropa, Mittlerer Osten und Nordafrika gegliedert und die gefundenen Merkmalshäufigkeiten verglichen.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Femoral and tibial torsion
- Author
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Kobyliansky, E., Weissman, S. L., and Nathan, H.
- Abstract
Measurements were made in 50 cadaveric femora and their corresponding tibiae. There was a significant correlation between the femoral and tibial torsion. The clinical and surgical implications of this finding are discussed.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
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29. A new method for measuring radioactivity in select areas of intact tissue sections
- Author
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Goldgefter, L., Kobyliansky, E., and Toder, V.
- Abstract
A new technique is described for measuring radioactivity in select areas of intact tissue sections. The method, which makes use of a liquid scintillation counter, also makes possible identification of the studied zones by prestaining.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
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30. Developmental homeostasis and heterozygosity for blood group loci in a human population
- Author
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Livshits, G. and Kobyliansky, E.
- Abstract
Relationship between the variability of 5 independent morphological characters and the heterozygosity level at 4 blood group loci were determined in Israel. An increase in the heterozygosity level led to a reduction of the range and coefficient of variation of the morphological traits and also led to an increase of modal phenotype frequencies in the group.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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