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The article discusses a ten dollar United States currency note issued in 1901 to commemorate the centennial of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It notes that the bill, called the "bison note" or the "buffalo bill," featured a bison named Pablo as well as explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and was sketched by artist Charles R. Knight and engraved by artist Marcus S. Baldwin. The author comments on currency design in relation to American national identity. She also examines American interest in the idea of the "Wild West" and reflects on anxiety concerning the closure of the West as a frontier.

The article focuses on the discussion paper on climate policy released by the U.S. Senate as of March 2006. Senators Pete Domenici and Jeff Bingaman have released a joint paper that aims for consensus on key issues about the structure of a mandatory market-based greenhouse gas regulatory program. The senators are seeking comments on the document, which will be used to frame the discussion at an April 4 climate change conference, which is being sponsored by the committee and moderated by Domenici. The paper can be found on the committee Web site (energy.senate.gov/public).

The article discusses the use of patent analysis on examining technological innovations within the science sector. Mentioned are papers released at American Economic Association journals regarding the utilization of patent analysis in search engines. Tables are presented which include top companies in the U.S. based on patent applications and market capitalization and patent versus average productivity growth in the U.S.

The article offers the author's insights on the paper of author Michael Levi entitled "The Hidden Risks of Energy Innovation" in the 2013 issue of "Issues in the Science and Technology." The author mentions that the paper of Levi has provided information regarding the importance of public investments in technology. The author states that environmental movement in the U.S., along with climate and energy policies, had done and invest on programs to mitigate the effect of climate change.

Reviewing the academic literature about the "culture war" debate in the United States, this paper shows that there is no consensus among experts of American politics regarding the thesis that there is a "culture war" under way in the United States and that the American society is polarized on social and moral issues such as abortion, gun control or gay rights. The paper then explains why the arguments debunking the "myth of a polarized America" are relatively absent in the U.S. and Qudbec media coverage of American politics. The last part of the paper argues that the reproduction of this myth has negative consequences for both U.S. and Qudbec societies, but also for Qudbec-U.S. relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the current research on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) points to an alliance that is deeply troubled, largely irrelevant, or is bound to collapse. Nearly all of this research focuses on the transatlantic differences over Iraq, the wide differences in military capabilities between the United States and its allies, or the perceived negative impact of alliance expansion. Within recent literature, no research examines Congress's role in shaping the alliance's evolution. This paper examines Congress's views toward NATO across four issue areas; alliance expansion, NATO'S role in Afghanistan, NATO's assistance to the African Union in Sudan, and NATO's role in Iraq after Operation Iraqi Freedom. This paper finds that Congress devoted little attention to shaping NATO's transformation, and was surprisingly disengaged on NATO'S mission in Afghanistan. While examples of congressional entrepreneurship were evident, Congress was mostly deferential to the president. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the paper of author Michael Levi entitled "The Hidden Risks of Energy Innovation" in the 2013 issue of "Issues in the Science and Technology." The author mentions that paper argues that renewable energy technologies should be taken regionally. The author adds that the Water Power Program of the U.S. Department of Energy provides help for the development of marine renewable energy.

ABSTRACT The plenary theme at the 2008 annual conference of The Wildlife Society was, 'Thriving within limits: toward a scenario of hope.' Wildlife professionals are still grappling with how wildlife management relates to sustainability as global limits, especially energy, become more obvious in affecting resource management. 'Sustainability' as used in this paper is derived from the commonly cited, Brundtland Report definition of sustainable development as, '...development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.' Further, it is activity that simultaneously addresses the interlinked aspects of economy, environment, and social well-being. To be effective in the future, natural resources agencies and organizations (NGOs) will be compelled to 1) reduce energy use by increasing efficiency of unavoidable uses and reducing optional energy uses; 2) anticipate how energy costs will affect resource use by various stakeholders; and 3) mitigate climate change by reducing combustion processes and thereby greenhouse gases. Because of their fundamental missions, natural resource entities have a special obligation to employ exemplary conservation practices. Challenges are great, but opportunities are significant. Higher fuel costs will constrain some management practices, but may limit further development of more rural and underdeveloped lands, thereby reducing habitat fragmentation and often wildlife damage complaints. Will energy costs promote smaller vehicles, reduction of some management practices, greater focus on recreational areas closer to population centers, consolidation of offices with other entities, and more video-conferencing of meetings? Will wildlife management be effectively integrated into landscapes where energy crops are produced along with food and where 'life-cycle analysis' measures the full ecological footprint of land management? Agencies and NGOs can partner with stakeholders to design landscape use that is more sustainable (less pollution, conserving of energy and soil, more biologically diverse), provides better connections to nature, and enhances overall resource conservation. Educational institutions have a critical role because they are instrumental in preparing future resource managers. © 2014 The Wildlife Society. © 2014 The Wildlife Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the emerging market equity and economic boom that the world experienced between 2009 and 2011. It states that Federal Reserve's creation of 2008-2010 could not be fully absorbed by the U.S. after panic and recession. It states that the Federal Reserve being the de facto central bank of the world monetary system makes the paper dollar the monetary standard of the world banking system. It discusses the Federal Reserve and foreign financing of the U.S. balance of payments deficit and the government budget deficit, which have been behind every boom and bust cycle since 1914.

The article presents graphs reflecting number of scientific papers computed by several countries including U.S., China, Korea and Singapore from 1980 to 2010. It is mentioned that the U.S. has gathered knowledge developed in other nations and tapped to stoke innovations to be on the top most position in the field of science and technology. It is also mentioned that only six percent of U.S. federal Research & development (R&D) spending is used for international collaborations.

The article presents a discussion of the importance of apprenticeship programs of schools in the U.S., adapted from a paper prepared for the American Enterprise Institute's conference entitled "Degrees of Difficulty: Can American Higher Education Regain Its Edge?" held on February 15, 2011.

The article discusses Asian influences on American culture, which is most apparent in the areas of sports, cuisine, architecture and entertainment today. The influence of Asia on Western society is not a new phenomenon, though. Some of the earliest influences came in the introduction of Chinese technologies such as paper, porcelain and gunpowder. Asian philosophy and Asian-influenced art have also become widely popular in the 19th century United States.

Discusses graphs on the rate of growth in key science and technology indicators in the U.S. and group of science-minded Asian countries such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, China and India. Growth in gross domestic expenditures on research and development from 1991 through 2001; Rise in the number of papers in the Science Citation Index from 1986 through 1999; Increase in U.S. patents invented in Asia from 1986 through 2003.

Recounts the author's experiences teaching science to bilingual students. Formation of student groups; Teaching bilingual students to write research papers; Formulating hypotheses.

The article offers information on an investigation attempting to illustrate an attempt combining a common approach to fraction equivalence and whole number multiplication and division, in mathematical education of elementary school students. The study inspired by a 2001 research paper by Susan B. Empson of the University of Texas in Austin, seeks to present how equivalent fractions and whole numbers operations are connected. Also mentioned are the different steps of the procedure.

The article deconstructs approach to written subtraction applied in the primary national strategy's (PNS') "guidance paper" Calculation (DIES, 2007) in the U.S. The approach to subtraction is divided into three stages. The first stage provides recommendations which parallel those outlined for additions. The second stage suggests a backward step while the third step involved an expanded method.

Discusses issues raised by the article "A 21st-Century Role for Nuclear Weapons," by William Schneider, Jr., published in the spring 2004 issue of "Issues in Science & Technology," endorsing the nuclear weapons policy of the current U.S. government as promulgated in its Nuclear Posture Review and National Defense Strategy papers. Description of the primary motive for the policies; Assertion on the implications of hostile weapons of mass destruction stocks being held at risk by various means; Downplay of the value of international agreements.

The article discusses the regulatory framework that might be adopted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for laboratory developed tests (LDT) based on a discussion paper the agency released on January 13, 2017. The paper covers various industry proposals including the use of a risk-based approach to oversight, the need for an adverse event reporting and the availability of test performance information. The FDA recommended an exemption for LDT already on the market.

Presents an introduction and executive summary for a join response to the White Paper 14-19 Education and Skills of the Association of Teachers of Mathematics, the Mathematical Association and the National Association for Numeracy and Mathematics in College in the U.S. delight of the White Paper's designation of mathematics as a core subject; Support on the continued commitment to the on-going implementation of the Smith reporter; Comments on some important issue raise on the paper.

The article offers news briefs related to architects and architecture. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has named Acoma Sky City in New Mexico as the 28th National Trust historic site. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) board of directors has named the National Organization of Minority Architects as the recipient of the 2007 Whitney M. Young Jr. Award. The American Society of Interior Designers has created a series of white papers that address sustainable design.

The article comments on the ACI proposed by U.S. President George W. Bush. The proposal has added to the debate on innovation policy. As detailed in a white paper released by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, ACI advocates doubling research funding at the National Science Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Department of Energy's Office of Science over a period of 10 years and increasing basic and applied research funding in Department of Defense. ACI would make the R&D tax credit permanent and create Career Advancement Accounts of up to $3,000 for workers who are beginning, changing or advancing in a career.

The article reports on a clash between U.S. senators during the May 18, 2005 hearing of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works over the potential terrorist threat of the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and the Environmental Liberation Front (ELF). Chairman James Inhofe (R-Okla.) noted that the activities of these organized groups, which are conducted by autonomous individuals or cells, have been designated the number one domestic terrorist threat by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Senators James Jeffords (I-Vt.), Frank Lautenberg (D-N.J.), and Barack Obama (D-Ill.) joined in a statement for the record, objecting to designating ALF/ELF as terrorist groups. John Lewis and Carson Carroll, deputy assistant directors of the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, respectively, disagreed. They testified that threats from right-wing militias and hate crimes are less serious than those posed by ALF/ELF in terms of coordination, planning, and geographic range. David Skorton, president of the University of Iowa, provided a perspective on the impact that these activists have had. He testified that in a November 2004 attack at his university, 18 individuals claiming responsibility on behalf of ALF destroyed and poured acid on equipment and papers and released more than 300 animals.

Presents views on the availability of free information to the public about medical research in the U.S. in 2004. Information on a proposed rule issued by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) regarding a free access to scholarly papers based on NIH-funded research; Establishment of a free Web site for drug companies by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturing Association; Goal of a group of editors of medical journals regarding their acceptance of articles on clinical trials if information about the trial is announced publicly before they begin.

The article reports on a white paper from the Association for Molecular Pathology that addresses the consequences of regulatory and reimbursement forces directed against molecular diagnostic testing. Topics include the threat posed by government regulations to the breakthroughs made by mapping of the human genome, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's policies that will reformulate existing medical device regulations.

Highlights an approach to science education in high school based on real research project and collaborative learning. Accessibility of scientific data through databases on CD-ROM; Presentation of students' class paper at a scientific conference.

The article focuses on the concept of mathematical study and teaching of students for mathematics lesson in the U.S. It mentions that the students use bright colored, pens that helps in attaining visual clues. It states that the teachers can understand the learners through the mathematical journals. It focuses on the use of cartoons and the sense of humor in learning.