4,619 results
Search Results
2. Normative roboticists: the visions and values of technical robotics papers
- Author
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Martim Brandao
- Subjects
Market research ,Vision ,business.industry ,Normative ,Robot ,Engineering ethics ,Robotics ,Sociology ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Variety (cybernetics) - Abstract
Visions have an important role in guiding and legitimizing technical research, as well as contributing to expectations of the general public towards technologies. In this paper we analyze technical robotics papers published between 1998 and 2019 to identify themes, trends and issues with the visions and values promoted by robotics research. In particular, we identify the themes of robotics visions and implicitly normative visions; and we quantify the relative presence of a variety of values and applications within technical papers. We conclude with a discussion of the language of robotics visions, marginalized visions and values, and possible paths forward for the robotics community to better align practice with societal interest. We also discuss implications and future work suggestions for Responsible Robotics and HRI research.
- Published
- 2021
3. Use of an Evolutionary Approach for Question Paper Template Generation.
- Author
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Paul, Dimple V., Naik, Shankar B., Rane, Priyanka, and Pawar, Jyoti D.
- Abstract
This paper focuses on question paper template generation and its use in dynamic generation of examination question paper. Question paper template generation is a constrained based optimization problem. Choosing an efficient, scientific and rational algorithm to generate a template is the key to dynamic examination question paper generation. By using the evolutionary computational search technique of evolutionary programming and educational taxonomies, this paper analyses and experimentally proves that the generated question paper templates are best suited for dynamic examination paper generation. This new technique outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of coverage of topics, learning domains and marks distribution in the generated question paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. 21st Century’s Technological Devices Dependence towards Health and Lifestyle : A Review Paper
- Author
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Aida Bt Md Saad, Siti Farah Wahidah Bt Zainurey, and Khaveithra Mahathevan
- Subjects
Point (typography) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unemployment ,Task analysis ,Destiny ,Sociology ,Marketing ,Creativity ,Productivity ,media_common ,Dependency (project management) - Abstract
In the existing generation the creation of cutting-edge technological devices has captured the attention of worldwide populace. The dependency of humans on those technological devices and offerings supplied through. This has reached at such stage that, without those, they can’t suppose a step ahead with inside the route in their growth. The point of dependency is key to dependency of the tech-gadgets and offerings. Teenagers are the maximum number of populaces to be hooked on technology. The look at changed into designed to look at using tech-gadgets through teenagers i.e. the time spent with the devices, the functions at the back of use, and its influences on intellectual fitness and existence fashion. Using based questionnaire, unstructured interviews and statement through the researcher, number one records have been accumulated from a hundred and fifty respondents of Klang Valley. Findings of the look at confirmed that maximum of the teenager respondents spend a huge quantity in their time with their tech-devices and offerings supplied through them. The functions of use in maximum instances are delight pushed as opposed to necessity pushed. Again, it is famous that dependency to tech-gadgets has many bad influences at the components referring to intellectual fitness of the respondents and has end up a causal component with inside the alternate of existence fashion of younger participants. The effects are interpreted primarily based totally at the present day theories and implications for destiny are pointed out.
- Published
- 2021
5. Extended abstract: Hard- and soft-sell marketing in white papers
- Author
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Kim Sydow Campbell, Jefrey S. Naidoo, and Sean M. Campbell
- Subjects
White paper ,White (horse) ,020204 information systems ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,050211 marketing ,Advertising ,02 engineering and technology ,Sociology ,Pragmatics ,Marketing ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Despite their common use as a marketing tool, high-tech white papers have received little attention from researchers. Many believe the “soft-sell” approach to marketing in a white paper is critical but not well understood. The research in progress, which is described in this extended abstract, focuses on testing a text analysis tool's ability to predict the type of advertising appeals made in white papers.
- Published
- 2017
6. Understanding Violence Against Women in Digital Space from a Data Science Perspective : Full/Regular Research Papers - CSCI-ISNA
- Author
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Gregorio Arturo Reyes Gonzalez, Mariana Gabarrot, and Francisco J. Cantu-Ortiz
- Subjects
Social network ,Microblogging ,business.industry ,Perspective (graphical) ,Public policy ,Space (commercial competition) ,Social issues ,Data science ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,Unsupervised learning ,Social media ,Sociology ,Landline ,business - Abstract
Research has shown that Violence Against Women is a pervasive problem which has been increasing. Until a few years ago, it took place both in public and private spaces, but it has now broken into Digital Space, adopting more symbolic expressions. There has been some important related work from Data Science approaches. Mainly about cyberbullying, detection of language patterns through supervised algorithms, a few works on unsupervised learning, and some on violence against women. This article is part of a larger investigation related to the Violence Against Women in Digital Space phenomena in Mexico from Spanish-language interactions in microblogging social network, Twitter. We present the framework to address these phenomena from a Data Science perspective and go through some first stage results. The goal is to give Data Science perspectives and insights related to the understanding of Digital Violence Against Women, with the purpose of generating awareness about this problem by, modifying manners and implementing public policies that could counteract this social problem.
- Published
- 2020
7. The Application of Optimized Particle Swarm Algorithm in Non-paper Examination.
- Author
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Liang, Zhou, Lixin, Ke, Wu, Kaijun, Jianmin, Gong, and Jian, Hua
- Abstract
To deal with non-paper test composition algorithm impact on exam quality, we proposed the test-sheet composition algorithms. By comparing a variety of existing intelligent algorithms in the application of test-sheet composition, we identify the shortcomings of existing algorithms, such as the "premature" of algorithm due to the poor local search ability and the low convergence rate, etc. PSO algorithm has no crossover, mutation operators. It directly provides the speed, position update formula, and completes the assessment with the help of the fitness function of iterations. The principles and mechanisms of algorithm are simpler. On the basis of standard PSO algorithm, we proposed a Binary Particle Swarm Optimize (BPSO) algorithm based on probability. Bayes formula was used to overcome the human factors impacting on algorithm convergence speed. The algorithm validity has been shown in the simulation experiment with Java. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Creating Special Issues Automatically for Papers Accepted in Journals
- Author
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Esra Gundogan and Mehmet Kaya
- Subjects
World Wide Web ,Waiting time ,Document similarity ,Event (computing) ,business.industry ,Similarity (psychology) ,Sociology ,business ,Publication - Abstract
Significant increases have been observed in the number of scientific publications in recent years. Every year thousands of researchers participate in academic life. Researchers share their studies and results with other researchers. This sharing is very important for academic progress. One of the most important platforms where publications reach other researchers is journals. Journals periodically publish articles. Some journals also publish special issues. These issues can be about a current topic, event or important person. In our study, a method for creating a special issue from the articles that are not published in the regular issues is proposed. In some cases, too many articles are sent to journals and these articles accumulate because all of them cannot be published in regular issues. The aim of this study is to determine the ones on similar topics and to create a special issue. The similarity of the articles to each other, i.e. the probability of being on a common topic, is found by the Doc2Vec method which is one of the deep learning methods. A special issue is created by selecting a certain number of articles with high similarity. The title of the special issue is determined from the common topic of the articles. In this way, both the authors' waiting time for publication of their articles is reduced and a special issue is created from the available articles in popular topic. The articles in this issue, belong to a current topic published by many researchers, will get more attention and be highly cited from other researchers.
- Published
- 2019
9. Retracted: An Analysis of the Present Situation of Postgraduate Papers in the First Master of Education (Vocational and Technical Education Field)-Measurement Statistics and Analysis Based on CNKI
- Author
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Xiangwei Mu, Xin Li, Huiwet Su, Yuanbin Tang, and Gao Dan
- Subjects
business.industry ,Vocational education ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Mathematics education ,Per capita ,Information technology ,Subject (documents) ,Statistical analysis ,Sociology ,Training effect ,business ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Field (computer science) - Abstract
Based on the CNKI database, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the published papers of the postgraduates of the Master of Education (in the field of Vocational and technical education). It mainly analyzes the research of the Master of Education (in the field of Vocational and technical education) from the following three aspects: the total number and per capita proportion of the published papers, the quality of the papers and the distribution of the subject words. Publication status of student papers and suggestions to improve the training effect of this kind of master of education data, to provide some training suggestions for colleges and universities
- Published
- 2018
10. This Paper is About Lexical Propagation on Twitter. H*ckin Smart. 12/10. Would Accept!
- Author
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Jennifer Golbeck and Cody Buntain
- Subjects
business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Internet privacy ,Vernacular ,050801 communication & media studies ,02 engineering and technology ,Popularity ,Style (sociolinguistics) ,0508 media and communications ,Consistency (negotiation) ,020204 information systems ,Followership ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Observational study ,Social media ,Sociology ,business - Abstract
This paper presents an observational study of lexical propagation across online social networking platforms. By focusing on the highly followed @dog_rates Twitter account, we explore how a popular account's unique style of language propagates outside of the account's immediate follower community within Twitter. Initial results show a strong relationship between the prevalence of this account's language-specific features and the account's followership and popularity. Expanding this research across platforms, we demonstrate consistency in these results outside Twitter, as the @dog_rates vernacular shows a similarly strong relationship between use on Reddit and the account's followership over time.
- Published
- 2018
11. A Survey Paper on Different Approaches for Sentiment Analysis
- Author
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Payal K. Punde and Rasika S. Wagh
- Subjects
Microblogging ,Sentiment analysis ,Supervised learning ,Social media ,Sentimentality ,Audit ,Sociology ,Representation (arts) ,Data science ,Field (computer science) - Abstract
Sentiment analysis is an essential and valuable area to analyze in text data mining. For counting of opinions, sentimentality and subjectiveness of text, sentiment analysis is better discipline. The success of social media such as audit, blogs, microblog and forum discussions are related to the heavily increasing the importance of sentiment analysis. Most of the users express their own opinions and thoughts on blogs, social media sites, E-commerce site etc. Therefore these contents are very important to take decisions for individuals, industry and research work. The review of paper hand over an extensive synopsis of the previous work in this area. This survey paper is divided as reported by their improvement in the many sentiment analysis approaches. Main focus of these review paper is to present absolute image of sentiment analysis approaches and their related areas in succinct minutiae. The special dedications of survey paper consist of skeptical distribution of a gigantic representation of latter articles and to focuses on recent inclination of studies in the sentiment analysis and associate's research field.
- Published
- 2018
12. Cloud Computing for Education: A Systematic Mapping Study.
- Author
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Baldassarre, Maria Teresa, Caivano, Danilo, Dimauro, Giovanni, Gentile, Enrica, and Visaggio, Giuseppe
- Subjects
CLOUD computing ,EDUCATIONAL technology ,PEDAGOGICAL content knowledge ,COMPUTER software ,MOBILE learning - Abstract
This paper examines the cloud computing for education (CCE) literature, and analyzes if the research is developing scientifically with adequate empirical validation. All aspects of empirical investigations covered in the literature are shown as weak, hence, the necessary scientific development of CCE requires extending its scope of interest, and involving scholars synergistically to create and maintain a “common research agenda.” Background: A need to develop research on CCE has been recognized, and considerable efforts made to create an accurate understanding of the development of its scope of interest, in terms of supporting pedagogical developments and processes for better quality of studies. Research Questions: This paper has three main aims: 1) to evaluate the scope of interest in the literature for CCE with specific reference to pedagogy and educational processes; 2) to analyze the characteristics of papers, specifically empirical studies, from the various points of view of the daily improvement activities of teachers and learners at all levels of education; and 3) to identify eventual research gaps to consider and stimulate new topics or further investigations. Methodology: This systematic mapping study review followed a rigorous, replicable process to collect and analyze representative studies of CCE. Findings: Differences are found across geographic areas in applying CCE infrastructure and technologies in educational institutions; few studies address CCE’s impact on pedagogic processes. The scope of interest in CCE is only partially covered; with empirical research being very shallow. Suggestions are made for more effective research on concerning the production and use of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Who is the Last Author of Your Paper?
- Author
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Takahiko Suzuki, Sachio Hirokawa, Tetsuya Nakatoh, and Kumiko Kanekawa
- Subjects
Trace (semiology) ,Institutional research ,Bar chart ,law ,Information and Communications Technology ,05 social sciences ,Mathematics education ,Sociology ,0509 other social sciences ,050905 science studies ,050904 information & library sciences ,law.invention ,Test (assessment) - Abstract
Evaluation of researchers is a big issue in institutional research. We propose a method for quantitatively evaluating the stage of young, middle and senior researchers focusing on the role of the last author in co-authored papers. We trace the two time series of the number of published papers and the ratio of the last authored papers among them of each researcher. We conducted experiments on 84 researchers of ICT related graduate school of a university in Japan, and on 50 researchers who published papers in 15 highly evaluated international conferences and 5 international journals. We analyzed 3360 articles in the first case and 13138 articles in the second case. We test three different approaches: cross tables, portfolios and bar graphs.
- Published
- 2017
14. 2015 Friendship Award in Recognition of RCJ 2014 Best Paper Award/Japan
- Author
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Tomokatsu Saito, Hidemi Nagata, Kensuke Sakamoto, Akira Goto, Katsuyuki Takahashi, and Shinichi Yamaguchi
- Subjects
Friendship ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sociology ,Management ,media_common - Published
- 2016
15. PhD and doctorate consortium: Writing a sustainable research paper
- Author
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Charles A. Shoniregun
- Subjects
Medical services ,business.industry ,Information system ,The Internet ,Engineering ethics ,Sociology ,business ,Competence (human resources) - Abstract
The idea of writing a sustainable research paper or developing a topic of research interest that can lead to a PhD/Doctorate degree or proposal is always an endless thinking of where, when, why, what and who. Therefore, becoming an experienced researcher and writer in any field or discipline takes a great deal of practice. This Keynote Lecture will highlights the possible solutions in response to the lack of competence demonstrated by young researchers and PhD / Doctorate students, and the understanding of what contributes to knowledge gap.
- Published
- 2015
16. Informing EMR System Design through Investigation of Paper-Based Work Practices in a Non-profit Clinic Serving a Vulnerable Population
- Author
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Charlotte Tang
- Subjects
Underserved Population ,education.field_of_study ,Work (electrical) ,Nursing ,Software deployment ,Tacit knowledge ,Population ,Systems design ,Sociology ,education ,Socioeconomic status ,Local community - Abstract
We conducted a field study in a non-profit resource-scarce primary care clinic to investigate its current paper-based practices. The goal is to inform the design and deployment of an impending Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system at the clinic. The clinic serves a local vulnerable, low-income population who are insured through local community health plans. We identified problems encountered by the providers in their use of the current paper-based system. We also found that providers customized their work practices so that they can serve the underserved population better. Based on the tacit knowledge that they acquired in the workplace over time, they adapted their patient care to align with the patients' prescribed health benefits. In this way, the patients were able to receive timely and proper medical care. We also propose technological recommendations for the impending EMR system to address the problems with current practices and to support the adapted practices specifically customized for the low socioeconomic patients.
- Published
- 2015
17. 2014 Friendship Award In Recognition of Best Paper 2013 ESD-Forum Berlin, Germany
- Author
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Stanislav Scheier and Stephan Frei
- Subjects
Friendship ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Media studies ,Sociology ,media_common - Published
- 2015
18. Technical documentation in global community service-learning: A brief, practical look at the indirect effects of student 'Paper Work' and the Stirrings of Social Justice in Rural India
- Author
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Annette Berndt
- Subjects
Humanitarian engineering ,Sociotechnical system ,business.industry ,Public relations ,Technical documentation ,Craft ,Transformative learning ,Documentation ,Work (electrical) ,Technical communication ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Sociology ,Marketing ,business - Abstract
If students do not “solve” problems in Community Service-Learning, what significance does their work have for the community? This is the question that the author asked the social entrepreneur partnered with a global engineering course. The course is a longdistance variant of Community Service-Learning in which students work on sociotechnical problems identified by rural artisans in the craft and textile sector in India. Students collaborate closely with the social entrepreneur who has developed long-standing, on-the-ground relationships with artisans in marginalized communities in India. The course emphasizes the need for collaboration, the nature of community, and the search for low-tech solutions that are socially appropriate, environmentally sustainable, and economically feasible. While Community-Service Learning discourse largely focuses on pedagogical methodology and its transformative effects on students, the voice of the community often goes unheard. Our social entrepreneur's response to the above question reveals surprising qualitative insights about the relational nature of technical documentation and how even partial student “work on paper” can unintentionally empower communities that historically have been considered “untouchable.”.
- Published
- 2015
19. Cyclic Bending Reliability of Silk Screen Printed Silver Traces on Plastic and Paper Substrates.
- Author
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Happonen, Tuomas, Hakkinen, Juha, and Fabritius, Tapio
- Abstract
The effect of the substrate on the cyclic bending reliability of screen printed silver traces is studied in this paper. The silver screen printed test samples in this study were three different plastic films and three varieties of paper sheets. The specimens with line widths of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 \mu\mboxm were subjected to cyclic bending, and their electrical behavior was monitored with dc resistance measurements in situ. In this study, a 20% increase in resistance was defined as the failure criterion, and the reliability of each test population was assessed by a statistical Weibull analysis. The results showed that the reliability of the traces was highly dependent on the substrate thickness in all the studied materials. The traces on a 125- \mu\mboxm-thick polyethylene terephthalate substrate were found to have the lowest characteristic lifetimes of about 1000 bending cycles, whereas the traces with the same geometry on polyethylene terephthalate with a thickness of 50 \mu\mboxm endured hundreds of thousands of bending cycles. Similarly, decreasing the substrate thickness improved the reliability of the printed traces on paper substrates. This relationship was due to the reduced mechanical strain on the trace surface when using thinner substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A conceptual paper on perceived structural constraints of elephant conservation centre
- Author
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Elya Syuhada Omar and Norliza Aminudin
- Subjects
Context model ,Conceptual framework ,Management science ,Wildlife ,Context (language use) ,Sociology ,Environmental planning ,Wildlife conservation - Abstract
A conceptual framework is proposed to examine perceived structural constraints of elephant conservation centre and its' effects on participation in visiting activity. A brief discussion on elephant conservation effort is discussed in the earlier part of this paper. The paper then examines some attributes to perceive structural constraints with some effects are examined for participation and overall satisfaction. This paper does not only assist in identifying reasons for not engaging in visiting an animal conservation but also gaining some ideas to overcome the constraints.
- Published
- 2012
21. The first minutes of conference presentations: An analysis of the opening of 16 research papers
- Author
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Bas Andeweg, Jaap de Jong, and Frederique van Breugel
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Rhetoric ,Pedagogy ,Rhetorical question ,Information Dissemination ,Professional communication ,Context (language use) ,Sociology ,Relation (history of concept) ,Linguistics ,media_common ,Advice (programming) - Abstract
The rhetorical aptitude of engineers appears to be meager in relation to the advice of rhetorical scholars. How different is it from the behavior of the scholars themselves? How do communication researchers present their papers? Do they follow the classical advice? This paper reports on an extensive case-study of professional communication researchers presenting their research papers. During an (inter)national conference the presentations of 16 speakers were filmed and their speech text was transcribed verbatim. The introductions of the speeches were analyzed on the basis of an exordium model grounded in classic and modern rhetoric. The research shows that the speaking behavior of the presenters is in line with the given advice, but that the choice for opening techniques is rather conventional. The observations also show that the persons chairing the sessions have a considerable impact on how the presenters begin. More educational concern is needed to prepare presenters for the frequent everyday problems.
- Published
- 2010
22. Multilayer Network Community Detection: A Novel Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Consensus Prior Information [Feature].
- Author
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Gao, Chao, Yin, Ze, Wang, Zhen, Li, Xianghua, and Li, Xuelong
- Abstract
In recent years, multilayer networks have served as effective models for addressing and analyzing real-world systems with multiple relationships. Among these scenarios, the community detection (CD) problem is one of the most prominent research hotspots. Although some research on multilayer network CD (MCD) has been proposed to address this problem, most studies focus only on topological structures. Therefore, their algorithms cannot extract the most out of complementary network information, such as node similarities and low-rank features, which may lead to unsatisfactory accuracy. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on consensus prior information (MOEA-CPI). The proposed algorithm takes full advantage of prior information to guide the MOEA with respect to topological structures, initializations, and the optimization process. More specifically, this paper first extracts two kinds of prior information, i.e., graph-level and node-level information, based on Node2vec and Jaccard similarity, respectively. Then, the prior layer and a high-quality initial population are constructed on the basis of the graph-level information. During the optimization process, the genetic operator, which integrates the weighting strategy and node-level information, is applied to guide the algorithm to distribute similar nodes into the same community. Extensive experiments are implemented to prove the superior performance of MOEA-CPI over the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Latin American Women and Computer Science: A Systematic Literature Mapping.
- Author
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Holanda, Maristela and Silva, Dilma Da
- Subjects
SCIENCE in literature ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,LATIN Americans ,WOMEN in science ,COMPUTER science ,QUESTION answering systems - Abstract
Contributions: The underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) majors has long been a focus of attention in many academic documents, the majority of them from the United States and Europe. There is, however, a lack of information about educational interventions (EIs) for women in computing in Latin America. The contribution of this article is to cover this gap and describe what researchers in Latin American countries have been publishing about the recruitment and retention of women in the CS field. Background: Many EIs targeting female students at different educational levels—K-12, undergraduate, and graduate—have been undertaken to increase the participation of women in computing in Latin America. However, descriptions of these activities rarely are included in international academic databases. Research Questions: This literature mapping addresses two main research questions (RQ) about the topic of women in computing in academic publications in Latin American countries: RQ1) what are the characteristics of the publications about women in computing in Latin America? and RQ2) what are the published interventions to recruit and retain women in computing in Latin America? To answer RQ1, six subquestions were created covering year, language, country of origin, document type, and professional track. Furthermore, for RQ2, two subquestions were created involving educational level and the use of software development with a female theme. Methodology: This investigation used the systematic literature mapping process. To achieve a broad coverage of papers, the following sources were included: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, the proceedings of the Latin American Women in Computing Conference (LAWCC), and those of the Women in Technology (WIT) workshop colocated with the annual conference of the Brazilian Computer Society (SBC). The included papers were published in the last decade (2010–2020) and written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Findings: The literature mapping encompasses 197 academic documents, 48.2% of which were written in Portuguese, 28.7% in English, and 23.1% in Spanish. The papers originated from 15 of the 20 Latin American countries. Brazil and Costa Rica have the highest number of publications overall. The documents describe initiatives to increase the participation of women in computing majors that cover the entire educational spectrum, from K-12 to graduate programs, but papers targeting populations in higher education have started to appear recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Emotional Contagion-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning for Antagonistic Crowd Simulation.
- Author
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Lv, Pei, Yu, Qingqing, Xu, Boya, Li, Chaochao, Zhou, Bing, and Xu, Mingliang
- Abstract
The antagonistic behavior in the crowd usually exacerbates the seriousness of the situation in sudden riots, where the antagonistic emotional contagion and behavioral decision making play very important roles. However, the complex mechanism of antagonistic emotion influencing decision making, especially in the environment of sudden confrontation, has not yet been explored very clearly. In this paper, we propose an Emotional contagion-aware Deep reinforcement learning model for Antagonistic Crowd Simulation (ACSED). First, we build a group emotional contagion module based on the improved Susceptible Infected Susceptible (SIS) infection disease model, and estimate the emotional state of the group at each time step during the simulation. Then, the tendency of crowd antagonistic action is estimated based on Deep Q Network (DQN), where the agent learns the action autonomously, and leverages the mean field theory to quickly calculate the influence of other surrounding individuals on the central one. Finally, the rationality of the predicted actions by DQN is further analyzed in combination with group emotion, and the final action of the agent is determined. The proposed method in this paper is verified through several experiments with different settings. We can conclude antagonistic emotions play a critical role in the decision making of the crowd through influencing the individual behavior in the riot scenario, where individual behaviors are primarily driven by emotions and goals, rather than common rules. The experiment results also prove that the antagonistic emotion has a vital impact on the group combat, and positive emotional states are more conducive to combat. Moreover, by comparing the simulation results with real scenes, the feasibility of our method is further confirmed, which can provide good reference to formulate battle plans and improve the win rate of righteous groups in a variety of situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Zero trust: never trust, always verify
- Author
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Allison Wylde
- Subjects
Scholarship ,Operationalization ,Work (electrical) ,Short paper ,Context (language use) ,Trusted Computing ,Sociology ,Zero (linguistics) ,Law and economics - Abstract
This short paper argues that current conceptions in trust formation scholarship miss the context of zero trust, a practice growing in importance in cyber security. The contribution of this paper presents a novel approach to help conceptualize and operationalize zero trust and a call for a research agenda. Further work will expand this model and \udexplore the implications of zero trust in future digital systems.
- Published
- 2021
26. Extreme Compressive Sampling for Covariance Estimation.
- Author
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Azizyan, Martin, Krishnamurthy, Akshay, and Singh, Aarti
- Subjects
COVARIANCE matrices ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,SIGNAL processing ,INFORMATION measurement ,SIGNAL theory ,DATA analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
This paper studies the problem of estimating the covariance of a collection of vectors using only highly compressed measurements of each vector. An estimator based on back-projections of these compressive samples is proposed and analyzed. A distribution-free analysis shows that by observing just a single linear measurement of each vector, one can consistently estimate the covariance matrix, in both infinity and spectral norm, and this analysis leads to precise rates of convergence in both norms. Through information-theoretic techniques, lower bounds showing that this estimator is minimax-optimal for both infinity and spectral norm estimation problems are established. These results are also specialized to give matching upper and lower bounds for estimating the population covariance of a collection of Gaussian vectors, again in the compressive measurement model. The analysis conducted in this paper shows that the effective sample complexity for this problem is scaled by a factor of $m^{2}/d^{2}$ , where $m$ is the compression dimension and $d$ is the ambient dimension. Applications to subspace learning (principal components analysis) and learning over distributed sensor networks are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Contribution-Based Cooperative Co-Evolution With Adaptive Population Diversity for Large-Scale Global Optimization [Research Frontier].
- Author
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Yang, Ming, Gao, Jie, Zhou, Aimin, Li, Changhe, and Yao, Xin
- Abstract
Cooperative co-evolution (CC) is an evolutionary algorithm that adopts the divide-and-conquer strategy to solve large-scale optimization problems. It is difficult for CC to specify a suitable subpopulation size to solve different subproblems. The population diversity may be insufficient to search for the global optimum during subpopulations' evolution. In this paper, an adaptive method for enhancing population diversity is embedded in a contribution-based CC. In CC, there are two kinds of subpopulation: the convergent or stagnant subpopulations and the non-convergent and non-stagnant subpopulations. A method is proposed in the paper to evaluate the convergent and stagnant subpopulations' contributions to improving the best overall objective value, which is different from the contribution evaluation on the non-convergent and non-stagnant subpopulations. In each co-evolutionary cycle, the new CC adaptively determines to select a subpopulation, which can make a greater contribution to improving the best overall objective value, between the above two kinds of subpopulation to undergo evolution. When a convergent or stagnant subpopulation is selected to undergo evolution, the subpopulation is re-diversified to enhance its global search capability. Our experimental results and analysis suggest that the new CC algorithm can improve the performance of CC and serves as a competitive solver for large-scale optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [DC] The Adaptation of Caribbean Literary Texts into VR
- Author
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Amanda Zilla
- Subjects
Caribbean region ,Aesthetics ,Social transformation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cognitive dissonance ,Position paper ,Narrative ,Sociology ,Prejudice ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Storytelling ,media_common - Abstract
This position paper discusses my interdisciplinary research which combines narratological theories and the characteristics of VR as a storytelling medium to develop a methodology for the adaptation of Caribbean literary narratives into VR. The selected narratives treat with contemporary issues such as migration, racial- discrimination and its perpetuation from history to present, and prejudice towards LGBTQIA individuals. These thematic areas enable their VR adaptations to contribute to social transformation by positioning users within story situations using character-based avatars or voyeuristic perspectives. The intended result is to create cognitive dissonance within the mind of the user and potentially alter negative attitudes and evoke empathetic responses. This research attempts to catalyze the use of VR as a storytelling medium for educational and social transformation purposes within the Caribbean region.
- Published
- 2021
29. Illuminating Staff Collaborations in Student Professional Development
- Author
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Fredy Rodríguez-Mejía, Edward J. Berger, Julia King, and Elizabeth K. Briody
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,060101 anthropology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Professional development ,050301 education ,06 humanities and the arts ,Public relations ,Full paper ,Insider ,Grassroots ,Professional networks ,Cultural diversity ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sociology ,business ,Set (psychology) ,0503 education - Abstract
This article represents a Full Paper. Students are often the beneficiaries of staff-led and managed programs where they acquire and hone professional development skills outside the classroom. Given the ongoing transformation toward a "whole new engineer" [1], we decided to focus on university staff and their involvement in improving student outcomes. The three teams profiled in this article were part of a larger set of 12 grassroots teams at a large, public U.S. university. We examine these three successful teams, all staff-led, two with six members and one with eight members. We were interested in how team members conceptualized their individual roles and their professional networks in helping their teams accomplish their goals. The data, illustrated through their statements and drawings, enable us to capture and explain their insider perspectives on these collaborations, the strategies they employed to overcome issues, the value they placed on divergent team-member views, and the factors they believed to be essential for success.
- Published
- 2020
30. Link and Node Analysis of Gender Based Collaborations in Turkish Social Sciences.
- Author
-
Ozel, Bulent
- Abstract
This paper examines impact of gender both on publication productivity and on patterns of scientific collaborations in social sciences in Turkey. Bibliographic data on local publications in Turkey is used. It consists of 7835 papers written by 6738 scientists. Findings suggest that (1) there are gender differences at publication productivity, participation, presence and contribution, that (2) there are significantly different tendencies at keeping established co-authorship ties for inter-gender and intra-gender pairs, that (3) there are significant gender differences at positions of individuals in the network structure. It is seen that while female scientists are seen to be embedded in cliques more often than males, males are more active at bridging different components in the network. This study exemplifies an integrated approach to better examine role of gender in scientific collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. New Sampling Strategies When Searching for Robust Solutions.
- Author
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Fei, Xin, Branke, Jurgen, and Gulpinar, Nalan
- Subjects
ADAPTIVE sampling (Statistics) ,MANUFACTURED products ,SAMPLING methods - Abstract
Many real-world optimization problems involve uncertainties, and in such situations it is often desirable to identify robust solutions that perform well over the possible future scenarios. In this paper, we focus on input uncertainty, such as in manufacturing, where the actual manufactured product may differ from the specified design but should still function well. Estimating a solution’s expected fitness in such a case is challenging, especially if the fitness function is expensive to evaluate, and its analytic form is unknown. One option is to average over a number of scenarios, but this is computationally expensive. The archive sample approximation method reduces the required number of fitness evaluations by reusing previous evaluations stored in an archive. The main challenge in the application of this method lies in determining the locations of additional samples drawn in each generation to enrich the information in the archive and reduce the estimation error. In this paper, we use the Wasserstein distance metric to approximate the possible benefit of a potential sample location on the estimation error, and propose new sampling strategies based on this metric. Contrary to previous studies, we consider a sample’s contribution for the entire population, rather than inspecting each individual separately. This also allows us to dynamically adjust the number of samples to be collected in each generation. An empirical comparison with several previously proposed archive-based sample approximation methods demonstrates the superiority of our approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Smart Everythings Agency, Power, Responsibility and Participation
- Author
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Christopher Frauenberger
- Subjects
Participatory design ,Smart city ,Opportunism ,Agency (philosophy) ,Position paper ,Context (language use) ,Engineering ethics ,Critical design ,Sociology ,Materialism - Abstract
This paper argues for a future research agenda that re-orients the design of internet-of-things applications, in particular within the Smart City context, with the aim to counter the prevailing technological opportunism that drives innovation in this field. I discuss why participation of stakeholders in the design of such technology is essential, but also needs to evolve to recognise its political dimension. Possible pathways for such a re-politicising of participation in design are discussed with concepts of Agonistic Design, Critical Design and Design in Use. Alongside these methodological concerns, I argue, it is necessary to also rethink our underlying theoretical understanding of the relationship between humans and technology. To reflect the intimate entanglement, I propose to look at post-humanist theories and new materialism. The goal of this position paper is to provoke discussion and critical reflection.
- Published
- 2019
33. Sociology a Game Changer in Computer Science Programs
- Author
-
Soraya Cardenas
- Subjects
Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Face (sociological concept) ,050109 social psychology ,Full paper ,Cultural diversity ,0502 economics and business ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Engineering ethics ,Sociology ,Computer aided instruction ,Curriculum ,050203 business & management ,media_common ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
This full paper of innovative practice addresses how Computer Science programs in the United States continue to struggle with diversity, not only in their faculty and student body, but also with their curriculum. The lack of diversity in these programs affects the programs themselves, their students, but also society. This paper looks at alternative approaches to solving this problem by proposing a theoretical model that has Computer Science programs recruiting an Applied Sociologist that specializes in inequalities and engages local communities. The paper provides relevant discussion and examples of how an Applied Sociologist would affect diversity by being a liaison to the community and contributing to the curriculum. This unconventional concept is expressed through a case study that uses Seattle and the University of Washington to discuss the multifaceted layers of equalities brought on by history and current social practices.
- Published
- 2018
34. A Comprehensive ASAP Framework that uses Career-Steering/Shaping Projects to Train Engineering Students & Develop Critical Life/Professional Skills : Part II – Case Studies from Students Working on Funded Projects
- Author
-
Aratrik Sarkar, Carolyn Christie, Kaustav Mondal, Pragyan A. Pradhan, Mohamed Sabet, Tanner Rosenthal, Charles Cederstrom, Trae Waggoner, Karan Puttannaiah, Nirangkush Das, Corey Kurowski, Shubham D. Sonawani, Bryce Pedroza, Bhavica Soni, Zakk Giacometti, Armando A. Rodriguez, Shi Lu, Nikki Lopez, and Kimberly Bui
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Medical education ,Engineering profession ,05 social sciences ,Professional development ,Program activities ,050301 education ,02 engineering and technology ,Full paper ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Community of practice ,Graduate students ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Sociology ,0503 education ,Professional skills - Abstract
This Research to Practice Full Paper (Part II) describes how students, working on paid projects, have benefited from a comprehensive engineering Academic Success and Professional Development (ASAP) mentoring-scholarship project-centric program at Arizona State University (ASU) – and the associated community of practice (consisting of learners and faculty-industry-peer mentors) – described within Part I. The program, while focusing on upper-division transfer students, serves upper-division non-transfers and some graduate students as well. Central to the program is that scholars must participate in career-steering/shaping projects in an area of national importance. In this paper, 14 scholars are considered. All 14 scholars were mentored by the main author (professor and director of the NSF-funded program). For each scholar, we describe the impact of key program activities/instruments/constructs/projects on the scholar and the group of 14 scholars considered. All were selected to pursue funded projects - 11 for Spring 2018, 8 renewed for Fall 2018, 3 for new Fall projects and 11 for summer 2018 projects. For each scholar, their projects and future plans are described. The group of 14 scholars is also compared to the larger cohort of 74 scholars described in Part I in terms of key program activities/outcomes.
- Published
- 2018
35. Who are EEC NSF CAREER awardees?: Educational Backgrounds, Institutional Affiliations, and Public Award Abstracts
- Author
-
Allison Godwin, Jacqueline Rohde, and Jennifer Karlin
- Subjects
Medical education ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Engineering profession ,Engineering education ,Institutional affiliation ,Engineering education research ,Early career ,Sociology ,Full paper - Abstract
This research category full paper explores National Science Foundation (NSF) Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program awardees from the Division of Engineering Education and Centers. The NSF CAREER Award distinguishes researchers as promising future leaders who are advancing the frontier of engineering education research (EER). Additionally, the multidisciplinary rise of EER has resulted in a diverse community of researchers from many backgrounds and academic departments. Given the recognition associated with the CAREER award, it is crucial that all early career faculty members possess the knowledge and support to create high quality CAREER applications. In this study, we investigated the educational backgrounds, institutional affiliation, and public abstracts of CAREER awardees to document prevailing patterns in recognition through CAREER awards. This knowledge informs future work to provide additional support for early career faculty planning on applying to the program.
- Published
- 2019
36. Toward a Matrix-Free Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy.
- Author
-
Arabas, Jaroslaw and Jagodzinski, Dariusz
- Subjects
COVARIANCE matrices ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,DIFFERENTIAL evolution ,GLOBAL optimization ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,GAUSSIAN distribution - Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a method for generating new individuals such that their mean vector and the covariance matrix are defined by formulas analogous to the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). In contrast to CMA-ES, which generates new individuals using multivariate Gaussian distribution with an explicitly defined covariance matrix, the introduced method uses combinations of difference vectors between archived individuals and univariate Gaussian random vectors along directions of past shifts of the population midpoints. We use this method to formulate the differential evolution strategy (DES)—an algorithm that is a crossover between differential evolution (DE) and CMA-ES. The numerical results presented in this paper indicate that DES is competitive against CMA-ES in performing both local and global optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Impact of Communication Topology in Particle Swarm Optimization.
- Author
-
Blackwell, Tim and Kennedy, James
- Subjects
ELECTRIC network topology ,PARTICLE swarm optimization - Abstract
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has two salient components: 1) a dynamical rule governing particle motion and 2) an interparticle communication topology. Recent practice has focused on the fully connected topology (Gbest) despite earlier indications on the superiority of local particle neighborhoods. This paper seeks to address the controversy with empirical trials with canonical PSO on a large benchmark of functions, categorized into 14 properties. This paper confirms the early lore that Gbest is the overall better algorithm for unimodal and separable problems and that a ring neighborhood of connectivity two (Lbest) is the preferred choice for multimodal, nonseparable and composition functions. Topologies of intermediate particle connectivity were also tested and the difference in global/local performance was found to be even more marked. A measure of significant improvement is introduced in order to distinguish major improvements from refinements. Lbest, according to the experiments on the 84 test functions and a bi-modal problem of adjustable severity, is found to have significant improvements later in the run, and to be more diverse at termination. A mobility study shows that Lbest is better able to jump between optimum basins. Indeed Gbest was unable to switch basins in the bi-modal trial. The implication is that Lbest’s larger terminal diversity, its better ability to basin hop and its later significant improvement account for the performance enhancement. In several cases where Lbest was not the better algorithm, the trials show that Lbest was not stuck but would have continued to improve with an extended evaluation budget. Canonical PSO is a baseline algorithm and the ancestor of all contemporary PSO variants. These variants build on the basic structure of baseline PSO and the broad conclusions of this paper are expected to follow through. In particular, research that fails to consider local topologies risks underplaying the success of the promoted algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Blind Group Testing.
- Author
-
Huleihel, Wasim, Elishco, Ohad, and Medard, Muriel
- Subjects
ROBUST control ,NOISE measurement - Abstract
The main goal in group testing is to recover a small subset of defective items from a larger population while efficiently reducing the total number of (possibly noisy) required tests/measurements. Under the assumption that the input-output statistical relationship (i.e., channel law) is known to the recovery algorithm, the fundamental as well as the computational limits of the group testing problem are relatively better understood than when these statistical relationships are unknown. Practical considerations, however, render this assumption inapplicable, and “blind” recovery/estimation procedures, independent of the input-output statistics, are desired. In this paper, we analyze the fundamental limits of a general noisy group testing problem, when this relationship is unknown. Specifically, in the first part of this paper, we propose an efficient scheme, based on the idea of separate-decoding of items (where each item is recovered separately), for which we derive sufficient conditions on the number of tests required for exact recovery. The difficulty in obtaining these conditions stems from the fact that we allow the number of defective items to grow with the population size, which in turn requires delicate concentration analysis of certain probabilities. Furthermore, we show that in several scenarios, our proposed scheme achieves the same performance as that of the corresponding non-blind recovery algorithm (where the input-output statistics are known), implying that the proposed blind scheme is robust/universal. Finally, in the second part of this paper, we propose also an inefficient combinatorial-based scheme (or, “joint-decoding”), for which we derive similar sufficient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A Comparison of Three Uniquely Different State of the Art and Two Classical Multiobjective Optimization Algorithms as Applied to Electromagnetics.
- Author
-
Nagar, Jogender and Werner, Douglas H.
- Subjects
GENETIC algorithms ,APERTURE antennas ,WAVEGUIDE antennas ,COMMUNITIES ,ELECTROMAGNETIC compatibility - Abstract
This paper compares three modern and two classical multiobjective optimizers (MOOs) as applied to real-world problems in electromagnetics. The behavior of sophisticated optimizers on simple test functions has been studied exhaustively. In contrast, the algorithms here are tested on practical applications, where the function evaluations are computationally expensive, making the convergence rate a crucial factor. The examples considered include the optimization of a narrowband slot antenna, a mushroom-type electromagnetic bandgap structure, and an ultrawideband Vivaldi antenna. Another popular topic in the literature is in comparing classical MOOs on electromagnetics problems. The modern optimizers chosen in this paper are state of the art and each has a distinct design philosophy. This paper introduces two unique MOOs to the electromagnetics community: BORG, an auto-adaptive genetic algorithm and the Multi-Objective Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutionary Strategy (MO-CMA-ES), an extension of the popular single-objective CMA-ES. These algorithms are compared to the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), a Chebysheff scalarization algorithm, and two classical MOOs. This paper will study the behavior of these algorithms on problems in electromagnetics with a limited number of function evaluations using five distinct metrics and will provide useful guidelines and recommended optimizer settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Auction-Based Mechanism for Dynamic and Efficient Resource Allocation.
- Author
-
Zou, Suli, Ma, Zhongjing, and Liu, Xiangdong
- Subjects
ALLOCATION (Accounting) ,AUCTIONS ,NASH equilibrium - Abstract
We study how to efficiently allocate the infinitesimal divisible resource under auction mechanism in a dynamic way. We propose a Vickrey–Clarke–Groves-type auction mechanism with a 2-D bid which specifies a per unit price and a maximum of the demand. Due to the absence of enough information related to the infinite dimensional valuations of individual players in a single-bid strategy, it is challenging to implement the efficient Nash equilibrium (NE) in a dynamic way. In this paper, we introduce a pair of parameters related to players’ valuations, and design a decentralized dynamic process assisted with this pair of values, such that at each iteration, a single player updates its best bid under a constrained set of demand. Under the proposed auction mechanism, we show the incentive compatibility, efficiency, and uniqueness of the NE. Furthermore, our method is guaranteed to converge to the efficient NE, and it presents the enhanced convergence performance compared with those methods proposed in the literature. Case studies are given to demonstrate the results developed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. How Remote Work Can Foster a More Inclusive Environment for Transgender Developers
- Author
-
Reed Milewicz, Alexander Serebrenik, Denae Ford, and Software Engineering and Technology
- Subjects
OSS ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,Software development ,Identity (social science) ,transgender ,computer-supported cooperative work ,inclusion ,software developers ,Work (electrical) ,remote work ,Computer-supported cooperative work ,Transgender ,gender ,Position paper ,Sociology ,business ,Empowerment ,Autonomy ,LGBTQ+ ,media_common - Abstract
In this position paper, we claim that remote work offers a mechanism of control for identity disclosure and empowerment of software developers from marginalized communities. By talking to several transgender software developers we identified three themes that resonate across the trans experience and intersect with the advantages to working in software development remotely: identity disclosure, high-impact technical work and the autonomy to disengage and re-engage. Based on these themes we identify several open questions that the research community should address.
- Published
- 2019
42. Learning in Mean-Field Games.
- Author
-
Yin, Huibing, Mehta, Prashant G., Meyn, Sean P., and Shanbhag, Uday V.
- Subjects
APPROXIMATION error ,NONLINEAR systems ,DYNAMIC programming ,SYNCHRONIZATION ,PHASE transitions ,STOCHASTIC learning models - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show how insight obtained from a mean-field model can be used to create an architecture for approximate dynamic programming (ADP) for a certain class of games comprising of a large number of agents. The general technique is illustrated with the aid of a mean-field oscillator game model introduced in our prior work. The states of the model are interpreted as the phase angles for a collection of nonhomogeneous oscillators, and in this way the model may be regarded as an extension of the classical coupled oscillator model of Kuramoto. The paper introduces ADP techniques for design and adaptation (learning) of approximately optimal control laws for this model. For this purpose, a parameterization is proposed, based on an analysis of the mean-field PDE model for the game. In an offline setting, a Galerkin procedure is introduced to choose the optimal parameters while in an online setting, a steepest descent algorithm is proposed. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the optimal parameter values as well as the Bellman error with both the Galerkin approximation and the online algorithm. Finally, a phase transition result is described for the large population limit when each oscillator uses the approximately optimal control law. A critical value of the control penalty parameter is identified: above this value, the oscillators are incoherent; and below this value (when control is sufficiently cheap) the oscillators synchronize. These conclusions are illustrated with results from numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Going Beyond Gender Balance: Understanding the Intersection of Gender and the Engineering Experiences of Alumni
- Author
-
Jeremy M. Goodman, Matt Brucker, Yevgeniya V. Zastavker, David Freeman, and Emma Price
- Subjects
ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Gender balance ,Full paper ,Grounded theory ,050903 gender studies ,Engineering education ,Cultural diversity ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Mathematics education ,Sociology ,0509 other social sciences ,0503 education - Abstract
This Research Full Paper investigates how students experience “gender-balanced“ engineering environments and how alumni narrate the stories of their experiences in such “gender-balanced“ engineering environments. Using the grounded theory approach, this study examines interviews of engineering alumni about their experiences in a “gender-balanced” educational environment. Using two emergent constructs, awareness and impact, we take a detailed look at how gender has shaped the participants’ undergraduate and post-graduate experiences. These constructs suggest that having parity in the number of men and women in an engineering institution is not sufficient for creating equitable environments for men and women to thrive.
- Published
- 2018
44. 'Our Little World': (Un)envisioning the Social and Ethical Implications of Engineering
- Author
-
Brittany Hunt, Jae Hoon Lim, Lauren Faw, Claudia G. Interiano, Peter T. Tkacik, Nickcoy A. Findlater, Jerry L. Dalhberg, and Nhu V. Nguyen
- Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic) ,Class (computer programming) ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,050401 social sciences methods ,050301 education ,Usability ,Full paper ,0504 sociology ,Cultural diversity ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Engineering ethics ,Sociology ,business ,Content knowledge ,0503 education ,Social relevance - Abstract
This Research Full Paper explores how undergraduate students understood the social relevance of their engineering course content knowledge and drew (or failed to draw) larger social and ethical implications from that knowledge. Based on a qualitative case study conducted in a junior level engineering class, we found that the majority of students had difficulty perceiving the social and ethical aspects of engineering as important or appropriate topics in an engineering course. Many students only considered the immediate technical usability of or improved efficiency from technical innovations as the primary social and ethical implications of engineering. This study investigates a potentially critical flaw in the structure of engineering programs, highlighting the limitations that accompany a discipline-specific academic focus. Highly structured programs leave little room for engineering students to interact with other students/programs on campus, and limit opportunities to engage in meaningful interdisciplinary discourses and expand their perspective.
- Published
- 2018
45. Female and Female Underrepresented Engineering Technology Students: Background, and Influences
- Author
-
Anne M. Lucietto and L. Berhan
- Subjects
African american ,Medical education ,Student population ,Demographics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,White male ,050301 education ,Informal learning ,Full paper ,Engineering education ,0502 economics and business ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Sociology ,050207 economics ,0503 education ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
In this Research to Practice Full Paper it is recognized that four-year engineering technology programs include far more African American students than four-year engineering programs. Comparisons of studies focused on engineering technology or engineering programs or both programs indicate that this difference is considerable and is evident over a period of at least a decade. These findings support the need for research on the underrepresented engineering technology student population.There is a great deal of diversity research in engineering, and some of the other fields often associated with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). However, this is not the case with the student population in engineering technology. Studies on engineering technology students often focus on students in the majority, which proves to be white male students. This results in the lack of focus and understanding of whom the underrepresented students are and their formal and informal learning influences. Learning in the formal and informal community and family environments have been shown by research to support and influence student choices as well as their future success. Thus, the influence of the underrepresented engineering technology student’s past and current environments is significant but relatively unknown.Researchers intended to gather data from underrepresented engineering technology student populations with a survey they developed. The survey queries student demographics, community and school support and preparation for the university experience, as well as their plans for the future. The original survey distribution resulted in responses from the students in the majority. The responses resulted in an understanding of the students in the majority, again leaving underrepresented students out of the study results. The survey has been re-distributed to primarily female and female underrepresented groups with the intent of furthering our understanding of the female and female underrepresented engineering technology students, their demographic, their past, and future. Thus increasing our knowledge of the contrasts of these students will support recruitment and retention efforts by these universities’ administration.
- Published
- 2018
46. Multidisciplinary Requirements Engineering for Addressing Social-Oriented Concerns
- Author
-
Meira Levy and Irit Hadar
- Subjects
Requirements engineering ,Engineering education ,Multidisciplinary approach ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Customer needs ,Position paper ,Engineering ethics ,Empathy ,Design thinking ,Sociology ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary learning - Abstract
Multidisciplinary teams that include engineers as well as art and culture designers, have the potential to promote awareness of various perspectives, while practicing design thinking (DT) methods. The DT approach places the customer needs up-front, and emphasizes building empathy with users, observing their behavior, and drawing conclusions about what people want and need. In this position paper we leverage on a multidisciplinary learning experience that took place at Shenkar College of Engineering, Design and Art, and describe how working in such teams enhanced the realization of different stakeholders' needs while addressing their emotional state. We then illustrate our approach in the context of privacy requirements which – as former studies reveal – are often underperformed, as users' privacy concerns receive little attention.
- Published
- 2018
47. Wisdom in Adversity: A Twitter Study of the Japanese Tsunami
- Author
-
Shoko Wakamiya, Paolo Casani, Eiji Aramaki, and Hayate Iso
- Subjects
Social psychology (sociology) ,Relation (database) ,Twitter data ,Twitter ,Short paper ,050109 social psychology ,Context (language use) ,psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,social phenomena ,social networking (online) ,Cultural diversity ,social networking sites ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,data science techniques ,Sociology ,natural language processing ,social psychology research ,wisdom expression ,Ethics ,Cultural influence ,social networks data ,Tsunami ,05 social sciences ,Japanese tsunami ,Uncertainty ,annotated tweets ,behavioural sciences computing ,Cultural differences ,Expression (architecture) ,Cognitive empathy ,cognitive empathy ,Twitter study ,Twitter messages ,data processing ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Sophisticated data science techniques have recently been applied to social networks data to study social phenomena and people. Recognizing that social psychology research has witnessed a renewed interest in the notion of wisdom, with an emphasis to its contextual dimensions, this study looks at the expression of wisdom in twitter messages. Specifically, it examines the relation between wisdom in adversity and cultural influences using Twitter data from the tragic Japanese tsunami of 2011. The study employs natural language processing and data science to detect the expression of wisdom. Two categories for wisdom in adversity are used: recognition of uncertainty and change, and cognitive empathy. Data processing is applied to 1,000 annotated tweets and extended to 43,436 tweets. The results show that it is viable to study wisdom in context using social networking sites data. This short paper discusses some of the findings., ASONAM 2018 : 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, 28-31 Aug. 2018, Barcelona, Spain
- Published
- 2018
48. Scheduling Dual-Objective Stochastic Hybrid Flow Shop With Deteriorating Jobs via Bi-Population Evolutionary Algorithm.
- Author
-
Fu, Yaping, Zhou, MengChu, Guo, Xiwang, and Qi, Liang
- Subjects
FLOW shop scheduling ,FLOW shops ,EVOLUTIONARY algorithms ,PRODUCTION scheduling ,JOB shops ,TABU search algorithm ,ONLINE algorithms ,PROCESS optimization - Abstract
Hybrid flow shop scheduling problems have gained an increasing attention in recent years because of its wide applications in real-world production systems. Most of the prior studies assume that the processing time of jobs is deterministic and constant. In practice, jobs’ processing time is usually difficult to be exactly known in advance and can be influenced by many factors, e.g., machines’ abrasion and jobs’ feature, thereby leading to their uncertain and variable processing time. In this paper, a dual-objective stochastic hybrid flow shop deteriorating scheduling problem is presented with the goal to minimize makespan and total tardiness. In the formulated problem, the normal processing time of jobs follows a known stochastic distribution, and their actual processing time is a linear function of their start time. In order to solve it effectively, this paper develops a hybrid multiobjective optimization algorithm that maintains two populations executing the global search in the whole solution space and the local search in promising regions, respectively. An information sharing mechanism and resource allocating method are designed to enhance its exploration and exploitation ability. The simulation experiments are carried out on a set of instances, and several classical algorithms are chosen as its peers for comparison. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a great advantage in dealing with the investigated problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Composite Differential Evolution for Constrained Evolutionary Optimization.
- Author
-
Wang, Bing-Chuan, Li, Han-Xiong, Li, Jia-Peng, and Wang, Yong
- Subjects
CONSTRAINED optimization ,DIFFERENTIAL evolution ,EVOLUTIONARY algorithms ,SEARCH algorithms ,EVOLUTIONARY computation ,LINEAR programming - Abstract
When solving constrained optimization problems (COPs) by evolutionary algorithms, the search algorithm plays a crucial role. In general, we expect that the search algorithm has the capability to balance not only diversity and convergence but also constraints and objective function during the evolution. For this purpose, this paper proposes a composite differential evolution (DE) for constrained optimization, which includes three different trial vector generation strategies with distinct advantages. In order to strike a balance between diversity and convergence, one of these three trial vector generation strategies is able to increase diversity, and the other two exhibit the property of convergence. In addition, to accomplish the tradeoff between constraints and objective function, one of the two trial vector generation strategies for convergence is guided by the individual with the least degree of constraint violation in the population, and the other is guided by the individual with the best objective function value in the population. After producing offspring by the proposed composite DE, the feasibility rule and the $\boldsymbol {\varepsilon }$ constrained method are combined elaborately for selection in this paper. Moreover, a restart scheme is proposed to help the population jump out of a local optimum in the infeasible region for some extremely complicated COPs. By assembling the above techniques together, a constrained composite DE is proposed. The experiments on two sets of benchmark test functions with various features, i.e., 24 test functions from IEEE CEC2006 and 18 test functions with 10 dimensions and 30 dimensions from IEEE CEC2010, have demonstrated that the proposed method shows better or at least competitive performance against other state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Analytical Modeling of Pinning Process in Pinned Photodiodes.
- Author
-
Alaibakhsh, Hamzeh and Karami, Mohammad Azim
- Subjects
PHOTODIODES ,ELECTRIC potential ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems ,ELECTRICAL engineering - Abstract
In this paper, the pinning process of pinned photodiodes (PPDs) is described by a new analytical model, assuming the PPD to be composed of inner and junction regions. There are two definitions of the pinning potential: maximum conduction band potential variation ($\Delta \varphi _{M}$) and maximum electron quasi-fermi level potential variation ($\Delta $ FP $_{M}$). The output of the previous pinning potential models is only an approximation of $\Delta \varphi _{M}$. In this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed in which both aforementioned definitions of pinning potential can be achieved analytically. The proposed model is a system of equations relating PPD’s main characteristics such as $\Delta \varphi _{M}$ and equilibrium full-well capacity to other main PPD parameters such as PPD spatial dimensions, impurity dopant concentrations, maximum inner region potential, and remnant carrier population at $\Delta \varphi _{M}$. The proposed model is verified by two previously reported experiment-based data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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