17 results
Search Results
2. CO 2 capture performance and characterization of cellulose aerogels synthesized from old corrugated containers.
- Author
-
Miao Y, Luo H, Pudukudy M, Zhi Y, Zhao W, Shan S, Jia Q, and Ni Y
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Gels, Paper, Porosity, Recycling, Sodium Hydroxide chemistry, Urea chemistry, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Carbon Sequestration, Cellulose chemistry
- Abstract
Old corrugated containers with low recyclability were used as raw materials to synthesize a series of aerogels with varying cellulose concentrations in NaOH/urea solution via a freeze-drying process. The resulting aerogels had a rich porous structure with specific surface areas in the range of 132.72-245.19 m
2 .g-1 and mesopore volumes in the range of 0.73-1.53 cm3 .g-1 , and were tested for CO2 sorption at ambient temperature and pressure, displaying excellent CO2 adsorption capacities in the range of 1.96-11.78 mmol.g-1 . Furthermore, the CO2 /N2 selectivity of aerogels decreased with decreasing specific surface area, which was mainly caused by the decrease in CO2 capture. In addition, the CO2 sorption capacity of the sample with 2% cellulose content, CA-2, exceeded the values reported so far for many other sorbents with higher specific surface areas, and showed reasonable cyclic stability for CO2 capture. Therefore, this adsorbent represents an attractive prospect for CO2 uptake at room temperature., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Maximization of CO 2 storage for various solvent types in indirect carbonation using paper sludge ash.
- Author
-
Kim MJ and Kim D
- Subjects
- Calcium Carbonate chemistry, Carbon chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Industrial Waste analysis, Paper, Solvents chemistry, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Carbonates chemistry, Coal Ash chemistry, Sewage chemistry
- Abstract
This study aimed to maximise the amount of CO
2 storage by indirect carbonation using paper sludge ash (PSA), which is an alkaline industrial waste. The properties of the following three types of solvents were considered: acids (acetic acid and hydrochloric acid), ammonium salts (ammonium chloride and ammonium acetate) and others (sodium citrate and water). When carbon dioxide was injected into calcium leachates prepared from PSA using acids, carbonation did not occur, and using ammonium salts as solvent, the carbonation efficiency was low. However, after pH swing of the leachates using sodium hydroxide and ammonia solution for acid and ammonium salt solvents, up to 324 kg CO2 /(ton PSA) and 175 kg CO2 /(ton PSA) were stored, respectively. When carbon dioxide was injected into calcium leachates prepared from PSA using sodium citrate or water, solid was initially generated which later dissolved. In order to solve this problem, CO2 injection was stopped just before the pH of the solution reached 10.5 for sodium citrate and 8.3 for water, resulting in the storage of 136 kg CO2 /(ton PSA) and 29 kg CO2 /(ton PSA), respectively. Solids obtained through carbonation were pure calcium carbonate.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Paper based platform for colorimetric sensing of dissolved NH3 and CO2.
- Author
-
Chen Y, Zilberman Y, Mostafalu P, and Sonkusale SR
- Subjects
- Ammonia chemistry, Biomarkers chemistry, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Colorimetry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Limit of Detection, Paper, Ammonia isolation & purification, Biosensing Techniques, Carbon Dioxide isolation & purification
- Abstract
Paper, a cheap and ubiquitous material, has great potential to be used as low-cost, portable and biodegradable platform for chemical and biological sensing application. In this paper, we are exploring a low-cost, flexible and reliable method to effectively pattern paper for capturing optical dyes and for flow-based delivery of target samples for colorimetric chemical sensing. In this paper, we target the detection of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2), two of the important environmental and health biomarkers. By functionalizing the paper platform with diverse cross-reactive dyes sensitive to NH3 and CO2, their selective sensing within a certain pH range, as well as their detection at different concentrations can be achieved. The images of paper based device were captured by a flatbed scanner and processed in MATLAB(®) using a RGB model and PCA for quantitative analysis. Paper based devices with readout using ubiquitous consumer electronic devices (e.g. smartphones, flatbed scanner) are considered promising approaches for disease screening in developing countries with limited resources., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Carbon prices and incentives for technological development.
- Author
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Lundgren T, Marklund PO, Samakovlis E, and Zhou W
- Subjects
- Economic Development, Humans, Industrial Waste legislation & jurisprudence, Models, Theoretical, Sweden, Taxes, Air Pollution prevention & control, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Industrial Waste economics, Paper
- Abstract
There is concern that the carbon prices generated through climate policies are too low to create the incentives necessary to stimulate technological development. This paper empirically analyzes how the Swedish carbon dioxide (CO2) tax and the European Union emission trading system (EU ETS) have affected productivity development in the Swedish pulp and paper industry 1998-2008. A Luenberger total factor productivity (TFP) indicator is computed using data envelopment analysis. The results show that climate policy had a modest impact on technological development in the pulp and paper industry, and if significant it was negative. The price of fossil fuels, on the contrary, seems to have created important incentives for technological development. Hence, the results suggest that the carbon prices faced by the industry through EU ETS and the CO2 tax have been too low. Even though the data for this study is specific for Sweden, the models and results are applicable internationally. When designing policy to mitigate CO2 emissions, it is vital that the policy creates a carbon price that is high enough - otherwise the pressure on technological development will not be sufficiently strong., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Carbon dioxide capture utilizing zeolites synthesized with paper sludge and scrap-glass.
- Author
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Espejel-Ayala F, Corella RC, Pérez AM, Pérez-Hernández R, and Ramírez-Zamora RM
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Glass chemistry, Paper, Sewage chemistry, Solid Waste analysis, Waste Disposal Facilities, Biofuels analysis, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Methane chemistry, Waste Management methods, Zeolites chemistry
- Abstract
The present work introduces the study of the CO2 capture process by zeolites synthesized from paper sludge and scrap glass. Zeolites ZSM-5, analcime and wairakite were produced by means of two types of Structure Directing Agents (SDA): tetrapropilamonium (TPA) and ethanol. On the one hand, zeolite ZSM-5 was synthesized using TPA; on the other hand, analcime and wairakite were produced with ethanol. The temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique was performed for determining the CO2 sorption capacity of these zeolites at two sorption temperatures: 50 and 100 °C. CO2 sorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 synthesized at 50 °C was 0.683 mmol/g representing 38.2% of the value measured for a zeolite ZSM-5 commercial. Zeolite analcime showed a higher CO2 sorption capacity (1.698 mmol/g) at 50 °C and its regeneration temperature was relatively low. Zeolites synthesized in this study can be used in the purification of biogas and this will produce energy without increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentrations., (© The Author(s) 2014.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Green University and the reduction of the carbon footprint in academic activities at a public university in Ecuador.
- Author
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Mendoza Vargas, Emma Yolanda, Saa Saltos, Jorge Wilson, Fiallos Barrionuevo, Alex Rosendo, and Escobar Terán, Harold Elbert
- Subjects
- *
CARBON dioxide , *PUBLIC universities & colleges , *ECOLOGICAL impact , *CARBON emissions , *CLIMATE change , *ENERGY consumption , *TEACHERS , *ACHIEVEMENT - Abstract
The carbon footprint is one of the main factors for measuring CO emissions2, this atmospheric gas represents a worldwide environmental problem. Currently, universities are making inroads into the solution through the quantification and mitigation of CO2. Academic activities and the delivery of physical documents generate high amounts of paper consumption and consequently levels of CO2, which establishes a problem. The objective is to estimate the carbon footprint of the Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo (UTEQ) located in Ecuador. The methodology employed consisted of a quantification of the number of files registered in the academic system per year. The files were multiplied by an average number of sheets obtained through a survey applied to teachers. The carbon footprint was determined by multiplying the CO emission factor2 by annual paper consumption. The emissions obtained are 3.21 ton CO2 eq to 3.00 ton CO2 eq for the year 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, respectively. The virtual education implemented at UTEQ contributed to the fulfillment of climate change objectives, due to the non-emitted CO2 emissions determined in this study, an issue that is related to the achievement of a green university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
8. Measuring hemoglobin spectra: searching for carbamino-hemoglobin
- Author
-
Wilfried Uhring, Emmanuel Dervieux, Michael Theron, and Quentin Bodinier
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Partial Pressure ,Biomedical Engineering ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,010309 optics ,Biomaterials ,Spectrophotometry ,Photoplethysmogram ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,spectrophotometry ,Oximetry ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,General ,transcutaneous monitoring ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Carbon Dioxide ,hemoglobin ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Ambient air ,pulse oximetry ,Pulse oximetry ,Oxyhemoglobins ,photoplethysmography ,Hemoglobin ,Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Significance: The arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure PaCO2 is a clinically relevant variable. However, its measurement requires arterial blood sampling or bulky and expensive transcutaneous PtcCO2 meters. While the spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin species—such as oxy-hemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb)—allowed for the development of pulse oximetry, the measurement of CO2 blood content with minimal discomfort has not been addressed yet. Aim: Characterizing human carbamino-hemoglobin (CO2Hb) absorption spectrum, which is missing from the literature. Providing the theoretical background that will allow for transcutaneous, noninvasive PaCO2 measurements. Approach: A tonometry-based approach was used to obtain gas-equilibrated, lysed, diluted human blood. Equilibration was performed with both CO2, dinitrogen (N2), and ambient air. Spectrophotometric measurements were carried out on the 235- to 1000-nm range. A theoretical background was also derived from that of pulse oximetry. Results: The absorption spectra of both CO2Hb and HHb were extremely close and comparable with that of state-of-the-art HHb. The above-mentioned theoretical background led to an estimated relative error above 30% on the measured amount of CO2Hb in a subject’s blood. Auxiliary measurements revealed that the use of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid did not interfere with spectrophotometric measurements, whereas sodium metabisulfite did. Conclusions: CO2Hb absorption spectrum was measured for the first time. Such spectrum being close to that of HHb, the use of a theoretical background based on pulse oximetry theory for noninvasive PaCO2 measurement seems extremely challenging.
- Published
- 2020
9. CO
- Author
-
Yingju, Miao, Hongchao, Luo, Manoj, Pudukudy, Yunfei, Zhi, Wenbo, Zhao, Shaoyun, Shan, Qingming, Jia, and Yonghao, Ni
- Subjects
Paper ,Carbon Sequestration ,Sodium Hydroxide ,Urea ,Recycling ,Adsorption ,Carbon Dioxide ,Cellulose ,Gels ,Porosity - Abstract
Old corrugated containers with low recyclability were used as raw materials to synthesize a series of aerogels with varying cellulose concentrations in NaOH/urea solution via a freeze-drying process. The resulting aerogels had a rich porous structure with specific surface areas in the range of 132.72-245.19 m
- Published
- 2019
10. Maximization of CO
- Author
-
Myoung-Jin, Kim and Dami, Kim
- Subjects
Paper ,Sewage ,Carbonates ,Solvents ,Industrial Waste ,Carbon Dioxide ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Coal Ash ,Carbon ,Calcium Carbonate - Abstract
This study aimed to maximise the amount of CO
- Published
- 2018
11. Greenhouse Gas Emissions after Application of Landfilled Paper Mill Sludge for Land Reclamation of a Nonacidic Mine Tailings Site
- Author
-
Pascal Tremblay, Simon Durocher, Jean-François Boucher, Patrick Faubert, Claude Villeneuve, Normand Bertrand, Rock Ouimet, and Philippe Rochette
- Subjects
Greenhouse Effect ,Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Industrial Waste ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Mining ,Greenhouse Gases ,Soil ,Land reclamation ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Management practices ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Waste management ,biology ,business.industry ,Environmental engineering ,Reforestation ,Paper mill ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Carbon Dioxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Tailings ,Waste Disposal Facilities ,Greenhouse gas ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Trifolium repens ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,business - Abstract
Large areas of mine tailings are reclaimed by applying organic amendments such as paper mill sludge (PMS). Although mining industries can use PMS freshly generated by paper mills, operational constraints on paper industries make temporary landfilling of this material an unavoidable alternative for the paper industries, creating the most prominent PMS source for mining industries. This study aimed to quantify soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (N2O, CO2, and CH4) after application of landfilled PMS (LPMS; i.e., excavated from a landfill site at a paper mill) and LPMS combined with a seeding treatment of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) on nonacidic mine tailings site prior to reforestation. Soil N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes were measured after applications of 50 and 100 Mg dry LPMS ha−1 during two consecutive snowfree seasons on two adjacent sites; LPMS was applied once in the first season. The LPMS application increased N2O emissions (7.6 to 34.7 kg N2O-N ha−1, comprising 1.04 to 2.43% of applied N) compared with the unamended control during the first season; these emissions were negligible during the second season. The LPMS application increased CO2 emissions (~5800 to 11,400 kg CO2–C ha−1, comprising 7 to 27% of applied C) compared with the unamended control on both sites and in both seasons. Fluxes of CH4 were negligible. White clover combined with LPMS treatments did not affect soil GHG emissions. These new GHG emission factors should be integrated into life-cycle analyses to evaluate the C footprint of potential symbioses between the mining and paper industries. Future research should focus on the effect of PMS applications on soil GHG emissions from a variety of mine tailings under various management practices and climatic conditions to plan responsible and sustainable land reclamation.
- Published
- 2017
12. Displacement dewatering of sludge with supercritical CO2.
- Author
-
Asafu-Adjaye, Osei, Via, Brian, Sastri, Bhima, and Banerjee, Sujit
- Subjects
- *
SUPERCRITICAL carbon dioxide , *SEWAGE sludge , *SLUDGE conditioning , *WATER efficiency , *SUPERCRITICAL water , *CARBON dioxide , *POLYWATER , *SEWAGE - Abstract
• Supercritical CO 2 displaces water from alum, wastewater, and paper sludge. • Multistage dewatering increases the degree of dewatering. • The expanding CO 2 blows out the water during decompression. Supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2) displaces water from wastewater, alum, and papermill sludge. The sCO 2 appears to enter the sludge matrix through viscous fingering through the entrained water. Because the water removed far exceeds the solubility of water in sCO 2 , it must be displaced by the sCO 2 rather than dissolved out. Adding a small amount of soap to the sludge converts some of the bound water into free water, which can then be displaced by sCO 2. Application of the sCO 2 in multiple stages greatly enhances dewatering as compared to a single stage process. Approximately 70, 70 and 85% of the initial water can be removed from alum, wastewater and paper sludges, respectively, through a five-stage process. Staged application of sCO 2 doubles the efficiency of water removal over a single-stage process of the same duration. It is proposed that when the sCO 2 entrained in the sludge is decompressed between stages some of the water is explosively displaced by the expanding CO 2. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Short communication on the role of cellulosic fiber-based packaging in reduction of climate change impacts.
- Author
-
Schenker, Urs, Chardot, Julia, Missoum, Karim, Vishtal, Alexey, and Bras, Julien
- Subjects
- *
CARBON dioxide , *PACKAGING recycling , *FOOD packaging , *CLIMATE change , *PACKAGING materials , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis - Abstract
• Cellulose-based solutions can improve environmental performance of food packaging. • Food products require specific barrier functions from cellulose-based packaging. • Eco-design enables quantifying environmental performance and identifying trade-offs. • Fulfilling the barrier requirements for food product packaging is crucial. This short communication describes the climate change impacts of using cellulose, and more precisely cellulosic fiber-based materials, in food packaging, representing current and emerging industrial state of the art technology, without specific reference to current scientific advances. First, the different types of cellulosic fiber-based packaging materials, which can be used to replace fossil-based packaging materials, are presented for flexible and rigid applications. The focus is on technological solutions with packaging properties that enable the protection of commonly sold food products. The manufacturing processes associated with these cellulosic fiber-based materials is described and the environmental impact assessment of 4 selected case studies presented: stand-up pouches, flexible flow wraps, frozen or chilled food trays, and molded pulp lids. A simplified eco-design Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was then performed to compare each solution with its fossil-based counterpart. Differences and similarities between the various cellulosic solutions have been identified. Furthermore, the assessment confirms that cellulosic fiber-based materials have reduced environmental impacts as compared to fossil-based counterparts, if a similar packaging weight is obtained. Indeed, all impacts of plastics are between 3 and 5 kg CO 2 eq/kg, while all impacts of cellulosic fiber-based materials are below 1.5 kg CO 2 eq/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Carbon dioxide capture utilizing zeolites synthesized with paper sludge and scrap-glass
- Author
-
Fabricio Espejel-Ayala, A Morales Pérez, R.M. Ramírez-Zamora, R Chora Corella, and R Pérez-Hernández
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Analcime ,Thermal desorption spectroscopy ,engineering.material ,Solid Waste ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Waste Management ,Air treatment ,Wairakite ,Zeolite ,Sewage ,Waste management ,Sorption ,Carbon Dioxide ,Pollution ,Waste Disposal Facilities ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Biofuels ,Carbon dioxide ,Zeolites ,engineering ,Glass ,Methane - Abstract
The present work introduces the study of the CO2 capture process by zeolites synthesized from paper sludge and scrap glass. Zeolites ZSM-5, analcime and wairakite were produced by means of two types of Structure Directing Agents (SDA): tetrapropilamonium (TPA) and ethanol. On the one hand, zeolite ZSM-5 was synthesized using TPA; on the other hand, analcime and wairakite were produced with ethanol. The temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique was performed for determining the CO2 sorption capacity of these zeolites at two sorption temperatures: 50 and 100°C. CO2 sorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 synthesized at 50°C was 0.683 mmol/g representing 38.2% of the value measured for a zeolite ZSM-5 commercial. Zeolite analcime showed a higher CO2 sorption capacity (1.698 mmol/g) at 50°C and its regeneration temperature was relatively low. Zeolites synthesized in this study can be used in the purification of biogas and this will produce energy without increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
- Published
- 2014
15. Carbon neutrality aimed for World Environment Day celebrations in Hangzhou
- Subjects
World Environment Day -- Rites, ceremonies and celebrations -- 2019 AD ,Afforestation ,Carbon dioxide ,Purchasing ,Automobiles ,Paper ,Business, general ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
HANGZHOU, June 4, 2019 (Xinhua via COMTEX) -- Organizers of 2019 World Environment Day celebrations in Hangzhou said the four-day event, which began on Sunday, will be 'carbon neutral.' A [...]
- Published
- 2019
16. California’s Next Ban: Paper Receipts.
- Author
-
Board, The Editorial
- Subjects
- *
RECEIPTS (Acknowledgments) , *PROHIBITION, United States, 1920-1933 , *PAPER , *LIBERALS , *CARBON dioxide - Published
- 2019
17. Science 101: Q: Does the Earth Have Any Natural Ways to Adjust the CO 2 in the Atmosphere?
- Author
-
Robertson, Bill
- Published
- 2016
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