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Autophagy is a self‐recycling machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading harmful materials in the cell. Autophagy‐related gene 5 (Atg5) is required for autophagosome maturation. However, the role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis under autophagy deficient conditions remains unclear. This study focused on the autophagy‐independent role of Atg5 and the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that knockout of autophagy‐related genes including Atg5, Atg7, Atg9, and p62 in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells consistently decreased cell proliferation and motility, implying that autophagy is required to maintain diverse cellular functions. An Atg7 knockout MEF (Atg7−/− MEF) cell line representing deprivation of autophagy function was used to clarify the role of Atg5 transgene in tumorigenesis. We found that Atg5‐overexpressed Atg7−/‐MEF (clone A) showed increased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration under autophagy deficient conditions. Accordingly, rescuing the autophagy deficiency of clone A by overexpression of Atg7 gene shifts the role of Atg5 from pro‐tumor to anti‐tumor status, indicating the dual role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis. Notably, the xenograft mouse model showed that clone A of Atg5‐overexpressed Atg7−/− MEF cells induced temporal tumor formation, but could not prolong further tumor growth. Finally, biomechanical analysis disclosed increased Wnt5a secretion and p‐JNK expression along with decreased β‐catenin expression. In summary, Atg5 functions as a tumor suppressor to protect the cell under normal conditions. In contrast, Atg5 shifts to a pro‐tumor status under autophagy deprivation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, four kinds of initial Goss textures with different deviation angles (0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°) are obtained by controlling the included angles between the longitudinal directions of rectangular cutting specimens and the initial rolling direction of the raw material. Then, 0.05 mm thick grain‐oriented silicon steels are fabricated by cold rolling and primary recrystallization annealing. Effects of initial textures on the microstructure and texture evolutions and magnetic properties are investigated in detail. Compared with sharp {111}<112> in the cold rolling sheet with initial exact Goss, the deviated Goss favors the formation of strong {111}<112> + weak {h11}<1/h 1 2> textures. After annealing, sharp {210}<001> + medium {110}<001> textures develop as a result of the small initial deviation, while larger initial deviations contribute to the {310}<001> texture. In addition, the average grain sizes are also related to recrystallization textures. Consequently, the distinct recrystallization microstructures and textures result in the differences of magnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Both CD5 and CD43 are expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes of definite phase and associated with the adverse outcome in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the relationship between CD5 and CD43 expression and the prognostic value of CD5/CD43 coexpression in DLBCL are unknown. We herein determined the correlation between CD5 and CD43 expression, as separate factors or in combination, with the clinicopathological features and survival of 200 patients with DLBCL receiving standard chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Among these DLBCL patients, CD5 expression, CD43 expression, and CD5/CD43 coexpression were detected in 18 (9%), 57 (27%), and 10 (5%) patients, respectively, and all were positively correlated with advanced age and nongerminal cell type. CD5‐positive and CD43‐positive DLBCL patients had poorer event‐free survival (EFS, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) than CD5‐negative and CD43‐negative patients, respectively. CD5/CD43 coexpression was correlated with a significantly worse prognosis than CD5 or CD43 expression alone. Univariate analysis showed that CD5 expression, CD43 expression, and CD5/CD43 coexpression were all adverse prognostic factors for DLBCL patient survival, and CD5/CD43 coexpression was associated with a greater relative risk for recurrence and death than either CD5 or CD43 expression alone. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CD5/CD43 coexpression was an independent prognostic factor for EFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) in DLBCL. In conclusion, our data indicate that DLBCL patients with CD5/CD43 coexpression represent a specific subgroup with a significantly worse prognosis than those expressing either marker alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium(II)-induced selective B(4)−H activation of an o-carboranylthioamide has been developed. A tetranuclear palladium(II) complex has been obtained in high yield with excellent regioselectivity. DFT calculations have confirmed that the B(4)-borometalate is lower in energy than the corresponding B(3)-borometalate. The product proved to be a good precursor for target mononuclear or trinuclear B(4)−H activated complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium ‐ induced selective B(4)−H activation is achieved by the reaction of o ‐ carboranylthioamide and [PdCl2(CH3CN)2]. A tetranuclear palladium complex is formed in high yield. Mononuclear and trinuclear palladium complexes are obtained directly from the reaction of tetranuclear palladium complex with small molecules, such as tert ‐ butyl isocyanide and CO. These reactions are featured on the back cover. More information can be found in the Full Paper by G. ‐ X. Lin et al. on page 1814 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effect of Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture, conventional acupuncture and oral estazolam tablet on refractory insomnia., Methods: A total of 180 patients with refractory insomnia were randomized into a Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture group, a conventional acupuncture group and a medication group, 60 cases in each group. In the Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture group, Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Waiguan (TE 5), Neiguan (PC 6), Weishu (BL 21), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Taixi (KI 3); in the conventional acupuncture group, conventional acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhaohai (KI 6), Shenmai (BL 62) and Anmian (Extra). Supplementary acupoints were added according to different patterns in the two acupuncture groups, and the treatment was given once a day, 7 times as one course and 4 courses were required. In the medication groups, estazolam was taken orally 1 h before sleep, 1 mg each time, once a day for 4 weeks. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was observed before and after treatment and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in the 3 groups., Results: The total effective rates in the Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture group and the conventional acupuncture group were 90.0% (54/60) and 83.3% (50/60), which were superior to 30.0% (18/60) in the medication group (both P <0.05). Compared before treatment, the PSQI scores were significantly reduced in the two acupuncture groups (all P <0.05), the sleep efficiency and the total score of PSQI were reduced in the medication group (both P <0.05). After treatment, the changes of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep disorder, daytime function and total score of PSQI in the Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture group were significantly larger than those in the conventional acupuncture group (all P <0.05). The changes of PSQI scores in the Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture group were significantly larger than the medication group (all P <0.05). The changes of sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep time, sleep disorder, daytime function and total score of PSQI in the conventional acupuncture group were significantly larger than the medication group (all P <0.05)., Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of Yinyang Ruyin acupuncture on refractory insomnia is superior to estazolam and conventional acupuncture.

Professor HE Tian - you 's experience of acupuncture and moxibustion for postpartum wind is introduced. With more than 40 years of experience, professor HE has developed a systematic theoretical basis and technical operation. He points out that postpartum wind, caused by weakened body resistance after delivery, is characterized by intermingled deficiency and excess; the treatment focuses on dispelling wind, and the wind-related acupoints are essential; nourishing blood is important for dispelling wind. He emphasizes that if the cold in uterus would hinder the dispelling of wind and dampness. He has highly valued the manipulation, advocating the treatment of "treating three spirits", especially the spirits after the treatment of acupuncture; he also values the physical and mental health of the puerpera, and runs this principle through the treatment. With the He 's herbal long-snake moxibustion, the dual therapeutic effect of medicine and moxibustion can be brought into play, and the therapeutic effect can be enhanced.

To identify prognostic factors for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), specifically those classified into conflicting subgroups by Hans' and Choi's classification algorithms. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and pathological data of 154 patients diagnosed with de novo DLBCL in the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2004 to September 2011. All cases were classified into subgroups based on Hans' and Choi's algorithms with immunohistochemical markers., Statistical Analysis Used: The correlation between various clinicopathological factors and 5-year survival rate, the correlation between those factors with the International Prognostic Index, the concordance between Hans' and Choi's approach was evaluated. The survival in different subtypes as classified by Hans' or Choi's approach was mapped., Results: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression or negative Bcl-6 expression significantly correlated with worse prognosis. The two algorithms showed good consistency (83% concordance, Kappa = 0.660, P < 0.001). By both classifications, the 5-year overall survival rate in germinal center B-cell-like subtype (GCB) lymphoma is significantly higher than that in the non-GCB subtype. There were 25 cases assigned to conflicting subtypes by the two approaches. Among these 25 cases, ECOG 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression, or negative Bcl-6 expression significantly correlated with worse prognosis., Conclusions: ECOG 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression, or negative Bcl-6 expression are independent markers for poor prognosis of DLBCL patients. There were 15% cases assigned to conflicting subgroups based on the two algorithms. For these cases, ECOG 2-5, positive Bcl-2 expression, negative CD10 expression, or negative Bcl-6 expression still significantly correlate with poor prognosis.

Aim: To investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD24 gene in susceptibility and overall survival of gastric cancer (GC)., Methods: We genotyped 3 tagging SNPs of CD24-P-534 in the promoter region, P170 in the coding region of exon 2 and P1527 in the 3' untranslated region - using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in specimens from 679 histologically-confirmed GC cases, 111 gastric atrophy (GA) cases and 976 tumor-free controls. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) of all subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD24 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 131 GC specimens. Correlations between SNPs and risk of GC or GA were shown by P values and odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) compared with the most common genotype of each SNP using the unconditional logistic regression model after adjusting for age, sex and H. pylori infection. Survival within each SNP group was plotted by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test (recessive model). Hazard ratios with 95%CIs were computed by Cox regression model after adjusting for age, sex, histological type, tumor differentiation, clinical stage and post-operational chemotherapy., Results: All of the three loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group. Median follow-up time for the 600 GC patients included in the survival analysis was 36.2 mo (range, 2.1-66.7 mo; 95%CI: 34.3-36.5 mo). Patients with the P-534 A/A genotype had significantly shorter survival (HR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.88, P = 0.042) than did the C/C or C/A genotype carriers after adjusting for age, sex, histological type, tumor differentiation, clinical stage and post-operational chemotherapy. This trend was more evident in patients who lived longer than 2.5 years (HR = 7.55, 95%CI: 2.16-26.32, P = 0.001). The P170 T/T genotype was associated with a shorter lifespan than the non-T/T genotypes, but not significantly so. None of the three genetic variants was found to be associated with risk of GC (including tumor stage, grade and distant metastasis) or with risk of gastric atrophy. Furthermore, no difference of CD24 expression was found among the genotypes., Conclusion: The P-534 site in CD24 gene affects the overall survival of gastric cancer and may serve as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer.