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CO 2 emission performance evaluation is crucial to make abatement policies. Knowledge about the potential and costs of CO 2 reduction could provide information guides for policymakers and help them implement targeted measures. However, relevant studies are rarely subdivided into detailed industrial sectors, and results are lack of inter-industry comparisons. To fill this gap, this study estimates provincial technical inefficiency, abatement potential, and shadow price of CO 2 from fuel combustion in China's 25 industries in 2001-2017. Results show that China's industry could ideally reduce CO 2 emissions by a further 22.01-33.27%, averaging 1645.96 MtCO 2 . Technical efficiency, abatement potential, and cost vary across provinces and industries and should therefore be fully considered when designing emission reduction targets and control policies. Provinces and industries with low technical efficiency, large-scale emissions, great abatement potential and low shadow price are the key to emission reduction. We thus identify key provinces and industries that need to take on more abatement responsibility. Those findings are of great significance to the formulation of carbon reduction targets and the implementation of abatement policies, and prove the feasibility of China's trans-regional carbon trading. It is suggested to prioritize key industries into the trading system and further promote inter-provincial cooperation through carbon trading., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There are some studies that either examine the convergence or spillover effect of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) at the country or multiple country level but research on the spillover effect of GHGEs is very limited particularly for the agriculture sector across the major continents. Therefore, this study examined the connectedness across the five major continents namely Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania and Americas for the period 1961-2018. To achieve the objective, this study applies a very recent time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model. The results obtained from TVP-VAR model indicate that all the five continents are highly interconnected in GHGEs. In particular, the findings show that Asia, Africa and Americas are the main transmitters and Europe and Oceania are the main receivers of GHGEs. The findings suggest that Asia, Africa and Americas should use the economic profits received from the economic integration for the environmental protection policies with more attention. This might help for high economic growth and development with a clean environment., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Drained agricultural peatlands emit significantly higher amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per hectare than mineral soils. GHG abatement costs for representative cereals (CF) and dairy (DF) farms in southwestern Finland were estimated by integrating an emission-based tax together with an option to invest in a subsidized adjustable drainage system on peat soils in a farm-level dynamic optimization model. With an average 10% share of peat soils from overall farm area, emissions tax rates over 15 (CF) and 19 (DF) €/tCO 2 e triggered adjustable drainage investments with a significant reduction in GHG emissions per ha, when assuming no crop-yield effect from the adjustable drainage. Abatement costs for emissions tax rates €12-50/tCO 2 e/ha were €16-44/tCO 2 e (CF) and €26-51/tCO 2 e (DF) for whole farm-soil emissions, depending on the share of peatlands on the farm, on the yield effects of adjustable drainage, and on crop prices. High emissions tax rates imply higher abatement costs since farms have a limited capability to adjust their production and land use. Thus, emissions reductions from peatlands can be achieved at reasonable costs when investing in adjustable drainage on peatlands. The income losses due to emissions tax, however, are high, but they can be compensated for farmers by lumpsum payments independent of their production decisions. Since existing agricultural policies such as the EU CAP system may have limited effectiveness on GHG emissions, the emissions tax and adjustable drainage on peatlands could promote GHG abatement significantly on farms and areas with abundant peatlands., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

People's sentiments and perceptions of greenhouse gas emission and renewable energy are important information to understand their reaction to the planned mitigation policy. Therefore, this research analyzes people's perceptions of greenhouse gas emissions and their preferences for renewable energy resources using a sample of Twitter data. We first identify themes of discussion using semantic text similarity and network analysis. Next, we measure people's interest in renewable energy resources based on the mentioned rate in Twitter and search interest in Google trends. Then, we measure people's sentiment toward these resources and compare the interest with sentiments to identify opportunities for policy improvement. The results indicate a minor influence of governmental assemblies on Twitter discourses compared to a very high influence of two renewable energy providers amounts to more than 40% of the tweeting activities related to renewable energy. The search interest analysis shows a slight shift in people's interest in favor of renewable energy. The interest in geothermal energy is decreasing while interest in biomass energy is increasing. The sentiment analysis shows that biomass energy has the highest positive sentiments while solar and wind energy have higher interest. Solar and wind energy are found to be the two most promising sources for the future energy transition. Our study implies that governments should practice a higher influence on promoting awareness of the environment and converging between people's interests and feasible energy solutions. We also advocate Twitter as a source for collecting real-time data about social preferences for environmental policy input., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Cement industry is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). This paper presents the cement production and the CO 2 emissions from the cement industry in Nepal. We compute emissions for the process-related, combustion-related (fuel use), and electricity-related activities during the cement production. We used eight emission factors (EFs) for the process-related, two EFs for the combustion or fuel-related, and two for the electricity-related activities using the previous researches. We computed the emissions as a product of the activities and the EFs. The estimated CO 2 emission in 2019 from the cement production is 3.45 ± 0.50 million metric tons (mMt) for Nepal. In 2019, the emissions are 1.87 ± 0.16 mMt from the process-related, 1.52 ± 0.34 mMt from the combustion-related, and 0.062 ± 0.004 mMt from the electricity use activities during the cement production in Nepal. Cumulative CO 2 emission was 22.73 ± 3.82 mMt from 1987 to 2019. Per capita CO 2 emission is 0.12 mMt for Nepal in 2019. Nepal contributes about 0.06% CO 2 emission from cement production to the global CO 2 emission (2.08 Gt) from the cement industry. By evaluating per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (from 1987/1988 to 2019/2020) and the human development index (HDI) (from 1990 to 2019) with the cement production, the result shows that cement production increases significantly (p < 0.01) with an increase in the GDP and the HDI. We emphasize that the study's outputs are directly relevant to the country's emission inventory, mitigation planning, and developing a strategy for cleaner production., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Climate change caused by different anthropogenic activities is a subject of attention globally. There is a concern on how to maintain a clean environment and at the same time achieve optimal use of land. To this end, this study examines the causal effects of land use including agricultural, forestry, and other land categories on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The data for China is collected over the period 1990 to 2012 for the empirical examination. By employing vector error correction model (VECM), it is found that there is significant long-run causality among variables. However, in the short run expectedly, only land under agriculture has strong causality with the GHG emissions. The results in case of variance decomposition analysis highlight that land under agriculture and other use significantly causes the GHG emissions in the long run. Further, impulse responses of variables are also measured with the Cholesky one standard deviation. The results are robust and support the argument that different land uses cause GHG emissions in China. The study provides insights for policy makers to improve the activities occurring on agricultural and other land uses. Assessment of overall potential, including bio energy, needs to include analysis of trade-offs and feedbacks with land-use competition. Many positive linkages with sustainable development and with adaptation exist but are case and site specific as they depend on scale, scope, and pace of implementation., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Globally, the production of vast volumes of municipal solid waste impacts public health and the climate. Greening the solid waste sector could contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Therefore, this study assessed how the potential electricity and environmental benefits of recycling paper and plastic wastes could contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. The study used model equations methods to estimate the electricity consumption, diesel consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions saved due to recycling. The key findings show that the 132.4 thousand toe/day of electricity saved globally in 2012 soared to 182.3 thousand toe/day in 2025. In 2012 and 2025, an average of 63.6% of electricity was saved. Globally, recycling saved a record of 1.4 million ktons CO 2 eq/day of GHG emissions in 2012 and 1.9 million ktons CO 2 eq/day in 2025. It was further realized that the overall volume of diesel fuel saved in 2012 grew from 511,146 to 703,887 million Liters/day in 2025, representing a rise of 37.7%. The sensitivity analysis shows an increase in the waste collection rate, the fraction of paper waste, the fraction of plastic waste, and the recycling rate in 2025 will boost recyclable resources' energy and environmental benefits. The findings of this study could offer scientific guidance for the achievement of the SDGs related to solid waste recycling and management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Climate change mitigation and adaptation are common global challenges, and how to accelerate carbon neutrality and green recovery is a major global issue. Market-oriented emission reduction policy has been widely concerned for its unique advantages, but most of the current market-oriented emission reduction policies are based on the consideration of end-of-pipe governance and lack of effective control of source reduction. Energy quota trading (EQT) is an innovation of an energy-saving and emission reduction system, which is based on the idea of source reduction. However, it is unknown about the evaluation of the effect of the EQT policy from the macro perspective. Based on the related statistical data of energy consumption, combined with the ARIMA model, STIRPAT model, and the synthetic control method (SCM), this paper analyzes the energy consumption distribution in China from 2001 to 2020 and comprehensively evaluates the effect of EQT in the pilots. The results show that: (1) The overall energy consumption in China shows a steady upward trend, and its distribution is unbalanced. (2) In absolute perspective, EQT can realize the "double control" of the total amount and intensity in energy saving and emission reduction, and the intensity control effect is better than the total amount control effect. (3) In relative perspective, EQT can enhance the potential of energy saving and emission reduction in the pilots, in which it needs to take the regional characteristics into account. The policy effect is still significant when eliminating some unobservable factors, which indicate that the policy is effective and can be replicated nationwide. The study comprehensively evaluates the effect of ETS from multiple perspectives, which can effectively avoid the misjudgment of the policy effectiveness caused by the single dimension evaluation, while it can also be used as a reference for the government to perfect the policies of energy management system and emission control system. Furthermore, the development of EQT is an important catalyst for policymakers to coordinate policies to accelerate the achievement of carbon-neutral targets and a more resilient low-carbon development model., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Agricultural peatlands are estimated to emit approximately one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from croplands, but the temporal dynamics and controls of these emissions are poorly understood, particularly for nitrous oxide (N 2 O). We used cavity ring-down spectroscopy and automated chambers in a drained agricultural peatland to measure over 70,000 individual N 2 O, methane (CH 4 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes over 3 years. Our results showed that N 2 O fluxes were high, contributing 26% (annual range: 16%-35%) of annual CO 2 e emissions. Total N 2 O fluxes averaged 26 ± 0.5 kg N 2 O-N ha -1 y -1 and exhibited significant inter- and intra-annual variability with a maximum annual flux of 42 ± 1.8 kg N 2 O-N ha -1 y -1 . Hot moments of N 2 O and CH 4 emissions represented 1.1 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.2% of measurements, respectively, but contributed to 45 ± 1% of mean annual N 2 O fluxes and to 140 ± 9% of mean annual CH 4  fluxes. Soil moisture, soil temperature, and bulk soil oxygen (O 2 ) concentrations were strongly correlated with soil N 2 O and CH 4 emissions; soil nitrate ( NO 3 - ) concentrations were also significantly correlated with soil N 2 O emissions. These results suggest that IPCC benchmarks underestimate N 2 O emissions from these high emitting agricultural peatlands by up to 70%. Scaling to regional agricultural peatlands with similar management suggests these ecosystems could emit up to 1.86 Tg CO 2 e y -1 (range: 1.58-2.21 Tg CO 2 e y -1 ). Data suggest that these agricultural peatlands are large sources of GHGs, and that short-term hot moments of N 2 O and CH 4 are a significant fraction of total greenhouse budgets., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The theme of the environmental upgrades and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations is "Better Environment, Better tomorrow." This study uses regulatory quality (RgQ) and energy consumption per capita (EC) as explanatory variables and foreign direct investment (FDI) as an integrating variable with RgQ and EC and examines their impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 2001 to 2018 in panel Asian economies. The findings indicate that EC negatively impacts GHG emissions, while RgQ positively promotes the reduction of GHG emissions in Asia. In addition, FDI has an integrating role, as sufficient FDI inflows significantly enhance clean energy use and EC efficiency. Such inflows also support and improve Asia's regulation quality by upgrading standardization investments and technology deployment to enhance institutional quality and achieve SDGs. FDI inflows have thus been vital in environment upgrading in Asia and regional sustainable environmental development., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Textile, apparel, and fashion (TAF) industries contribute significantly to global environmental pollution at every point of the supply chain. Clothing manufacturing and transportation produce a large volume of waste and high greenhouse gas emissions, often taking advantage of cheap labor in developing countries. As a result, stakeholders are becoming more aware of the effect of the textile, apparel, and fashion industries on the climate and human rights, thus pushing businesses to mitigate their environmental damage. This paper offers a systematic literature review of sustainability trends in the TAF industries in the last 20 years. Bibliometric tools are also used to support the content analysis of the papers. The findings reveal three primary research areas in the TAF context: consumers' behaviour towards sustainable clothing, circular economy initiatives, and sustainability challenges across the whole supply chain. As a result, this study highlights literature gaps and provides future research suggestions for each identified research cluster. In addition, drivers and barriers to implementing corporate social responsibility and circular economy practices are identified. Consequently, this study will help researchers and academicians work in this area to identify unexplored sub-fields, which reflect some potential investigation areas for expanding scientific literature on the topic. Finally, this study supports practitioners and managers in exploring the main research themes addressed in the scientific field, providing knowledge to improve and align business models with current sustainability trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient utilization of low-cost carbon feedstocks, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), in biorefineries has become increasingly important for reducing GHG emissions and meeting the growing demand for renewable energy sources. However, MSW as a feedstock presents several challenges, including high moisture content, compositional variability, particle size and shape, density, and ash content. To address these challenges, the potential of mechanical dewatering and high-moisture pelleting processes for densifying MSW fractions, such as paper, cardboard, thin plastic, and thick plastic, into low-cost carbon feedstocks with improved handling and conversion properties were investigated. The effect of these preprocessing technologies on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the resulting pellets, including bulk density, durability, and size uniformity, were evaluated. The results showed that with these preprocessing technologies, the paper and cardboard fractions could be pelleted at moisture contents over 40% (w.b.) while achieving >99% durability and >300 kg/m3, while the high moisture plastic fractions were not suitable for pelleting. The thick plastic fraction processed in a screw press was shown to remove up to 30% of the moisture content in a single pass. These findings suggest that these mechanical preprocessing technologies can improve the physical properties of low-cost municipal solid waste fractions for biofuels production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therefore, crop mechanism models play an important role in assessing the effects of climate change on crop production and proposing effective coping strategies. Climate change and its impacts on agricultural production and food security are a significant source of public concern around the world. The paper by Shayanmehr et al. [[13]] constructed a new integrated climate-hydrological-economic model to assess the impact of future climate change on water resources and crop production. [Extracted from the article]

Based on the Web of Science core database and using bibliometric analysis method, this study analysed 2,680 papers on rice and greenhouse gas topic research till to 22 July 2022, which included 47 highly cited papers and one hot paper, mainly written in English and from 10,116 authors, 2,594 organisations and 111 countries or territories, published in 517 journals and four book series. The top five journals are Science of the Total Environment, Journal of Cleaner Production, Agriculture and Ecosystems Environment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research and Sustainability. The top five countries were Peoples R China, U.S.A., India, Germany and Japan. The top five organisations were the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, CGIAR and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, each with more than 126 papers. The top four authors were Wassmann Reiner, Pan Genxing, Smith Pete and Cao Cougui. All keywords were separated into 10 clusters with co-occurrence network visualisation using VOSviewer, and the research front was shown by co-occurrence overlay visualisation. The results will help researchers clarify the current research situation, but also provide guidance for future research in rice and greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global net emissions of the Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), fluorinated gases, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), remain substantially high, despite concerted efforts to reduce them. Thermal treatment of solid waste contributes at least 2.8-4% of the GHG in part due to increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and inefficient treatment processes, such as incineration and landfill. Thermal treatment processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis, are valuable ways to convert solid materials, such as wastes into syngas, liquids, and chars, for power generation, fuels, or for the bioremediation of soils. SubcoalTM is a commercial product based on paper and plastics from the source segregated waste that is not readily recyclable and that would otherwise potentially find its way in to landfills. This paper looks at the kinetic parameters associated with this product in pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion conditions for consideration as a fuel for power generation or as a reductant in the blast furnace ironmaking process. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) in Nitrogen (N2), CO2, and in air, was used to measure and compare the reaction kinetics. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor A were measured at different heating rates using non-isothermal Ozawa Flynn Wall and (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sonuse (KAS) model-free techniques. The TGA curves showed that the thermal degradation of SubcoalTM comprises three main processes: dehydration, devolatilization, and char and ash formation. In addition, the heating rate drifts the devolatilization temperature to a higher value. Likewise, the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) results stated that Tm degradation increased as the heating rate increased. Substantial variance in Ea was noted between the four stages of thermal decomposition of SubcoalTM on both methods. The Ea for gasification reached 200.2 ± 33.6 kJ/mol by OFW and 179.0 ± 31.9 kJ/mol by KAS. Pyrolysis registered Ea values of 161.7 ± 24.7 kJ/mol by OFW and 142.6 ± 23.5 kJ/mol by KAS. Combustion returned the lowest Ea values for both OFW (76.74 ± 15.4 kJ/mol) and KAS (71.0 ± 4.4 kJ/mol). The low Ea values in combustion indicate shorter reaction time for Subcoal™ degradation compared to gasification and pyrolysis. Generally, TGA kinetics analysis using KAS and OFW methods show good consistency in evaluating Arrhenius constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions originating from inland navigation should be reduced to achieve climate targets. This paper aims to identify (1) onboard GHG emission measurement systems, (2) calculation methods for GHG emissions of inland vessels and (3) reduction measures. A systematic literature review, examining 6 databases, yielded 105 initial outcomes, with 17 relevant references. The review reveals a scarcity of studies, with the majority concentrated in Europe and Asia, while North America, Africa, Australia, and South America remain largely unexplored. Four of the seventeen relevant studies focused on real-world GHG emissions measurement. Future research should explore more efficient and calibrated approaches for real-time CO2 insights in inland vessels. In the section on calculating GHG emissions, most papers attempt to adapt the EEDI or EEXI to inland navigation. Reduction measures for GHG emissions concentrate on alternative fuels, like LNG, methanol, hydrogen, or alternative power sources. As the research in this area is limited, prioritizing it in academic discourse is not only essential for advancing our understanding but also imperative for shaping a resilient and environmentally conscious future for inland navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability. The editorial discusses the role of new technologies and techniques in construction materials and management in promoting sustainable development. It highlights three research papers that explore the use of fly-ash as a more environmentally sustainable building material. The papers discuss the use of alternative alkali activators to enhance the strength of fly-ash in construction. The editorial also includes other papers that focus on sustainable construction processes, project management, and the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of continued innovation and sustainable practices in transitioning towards a more sustainable future. [Extracted from the article]

• Advancements in sludge processing to reduce particle and acidification emissions. • Reduced environmental footprint through innovative sludge treatment. • Sludge hydrochar carbon stabilization contributes to climate change mitigation. Proper management of wastewater treatment plant side streams in pulp and paper mills is a matter of great interest. This study evaluates the environmental impact of different strategies in the management of biosludge from pulp and paper mills in Finland through a Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The base industrial standard practice, biosludge incineration for energy recovery and ash landfill disposal (Scenario 1), was compared to the alternative process of hydrothermal carbonization. The hydrochar generated from hydrothermal carbonization was evaluated for energy recovery through incineration (Scenario 2), or for use in composting for nutrient recovery (Scenario 3). The results showed that the hydrothermal process improved the overall environmental performance of the sludge management, particularly in terms of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The use of hydrochar as a soil amendment in composting also resulted in a significant reduction on the environmental impact compared to the other two scenarios. Overall, this study highlights the potential of hydrothermal carbonization and hydrochar utilization as sustainable options for managing biosludge from pulp mills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine international environmental agreements (IEAs) in which heterogeneous countries work together to not only participate in the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions but also develop breakthrough technologies. In this paper, the country with the most advanced technology (i.e. the technological leader) develops a new abatement technology and distributes it to other countries (i.e. technological laggards) through licensing. We design a new mechanism to achieve cooperation among heterogeneous countries through an initial payment and refunding (IPR) scheme and licensing involving third-party organizations (TPOs). Under our new IPR scheme with licensing, the cost incurred by a technology leader in developing new technology is covered by licensing fees using a portion of the initial payments collected from technological laggards by a TPO. As a result, TPOs sustain IEAs by flexibly adjusting technological laggards' share of costs for licensing, comprising initial payments and refunds, and the amount of the licensing payment made to the technological leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the importance of carbon reduction engineering in combating global climate change. It highlights the role of production and supply chain management in achieving carbon neutrality and reducing carbon emissions. The document presents 20 selected research papers that cover various aspects of production optimization in carbon reduction engineering, including carbon reduction in the production process, low-carbon and sustainable supply chains, assessment and optimization methodologies, and policy instruments. The papers provide insights into topics such as scheduling optimization, renewable energy production, carbon emission efficiency, sustainable consumption, government subsidizing arrangements, and the impact of policy instruments on carbon reduction. The document expresses gratitude to the authors and reviewers for their contributions and acknowledges the support of the International Journal of Production Research. [Extracted from the article]

This editorial discusses the concept of a "polycrisis," which refers to a situation where the world is facing multiple crises simultaneously, resulting in a worse overall situation than the sum of the individual challenges. The editorial highlights various challenges in the banking sector, such as governance issues and ineffective risk management practices. It also addresses macroeconomic challenges, including high interest rates and their impact on mortgage payments and house prices. Additionally, the editorial explores global challenges such as geopolitical fragmentation and climate change, emphasizing the need for financial institutions to incorporate environmental considerations and nature-related risks into their risk management frameworks. The editorial concludes by emphasizing the importance of working together and sharing information to effectively mitigate the risks posed by the polycrisis. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal of European Tort Law published two special issues based on papers presented at a conference held at the University of Geneva in September 2022. The conference aimed to create a dialogue between specialists from outside the European Group on Tort Law (EGTL) and its members. The papers demonstrate that the idea of drafting European Principles of Tort Law is widely supported, although improvements can be made. The EGTL is currently revising its Principles and the papers provide valuable input for this process. The issue of strict liability, particularly in road traffic cases, is a key focus, and new provisions on strict liability are being drafted. The EGTL will also examine other areas that have developed rapidly in recent years. [Extracted from the article]

Carbon credit is known as one of the most effective market-based tools to control the generation of carbon emissions. In order to mitigate carbon intensity and enhance energy efficiency within product systems, the utilization of carbon credits emerges as a valuable tool for companies striving to achieve ambitious targets in reducing greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. This study aims to investigate the impact of employing carbon credits in contrast to traditional inventory models. To overcome these shortcomings, a two-stage inventory model to design a green supply chain in a carbon trading environment is presented in this paper. The model solves a pricing problem and determines the optimal production run time of component and the carbon credit price. The presented model is employed in a real-world case study, and the numerical results are meticulously analysed and interpreted. The results of the model showed that there exists an optimal solution or optimizer. We have presented an algorithm to compute the value of an optimal solution. After the computation of an algorithm, there was more than sufficient evidence to show the beneficial effects of Taiwan bike manufacturer's model. The findings of sensitivity analysis also have implications for this proposed model. As an illustration, the outcomes achieved through pollution prevention can be juxtaposed with those derived from non-investment operations, considering various parameter settings. This comparison aids in identifying an opportune moment for implementing pollution prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of a special issue of the journal Water, focusing on the topic of rainwater harvesting and treatment. It discusses the benefits of rainwater harvesting, such as providing an alternative water source, reducing flood risk, and limiting pollution. The document presents various studies from different countries, covering topics such as economic feasibility, stormwater quality degradation, real-time control systems, freshwater availability, wastewater treatment, and decentralized treatment units. The studies offer valuable insights into the technical viability, economic feasibility, and environmental impact of rainwater harvesting and treatment in different contexts. The special issue includes twelve research papers that contribute to the advancement of rainwater harvesting and treatment, covering topics such as economic feasibility, water quality, design variables, and rainwater supply in greenhouse areas. These papers provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in rainwater harvesting and treatment and offer valuable insights for readers interested in this field of research. [Extracted from the article]

Agriculture represents the "cause" and the "victim" of climate change. Almost 30 percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from the agricultural sector. They contribute to global warming and therefore significantly affect the sustainability of agricultural production systems. The aim of the paper is to determine which factors have the greatest influence on the greenhouse gas emission from agriculture. For this purpose, a dynamic panel analysis for 26 members of the European Union in the period from 2013 to 2021 in the paper is conducted. The results of the analysis suggest that the capacity for biofuel production, organic agricultural production and greenhouse gas emissions from the previous period have the greatest impact on the same emissions from agriculture. The results of this research can serve policy makers in formulating strategies for the development of food systems that will pollute the environment to a lesser extent and use available resources more rationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers by Yang et al. [[5]] and Wang et al. [[6]] mainly studied the corrosion of CO SB 2 sb on gathering pipelines and the monitoring of the corrosion rate. The paper by Hou et al. [[1]] investigated the microscopic adsorption pattern of CH SB 4 sb and the competitive adsorption behavior of CH SB 4 sb and CO SB 2 sb in sodium-based montmorillonite using molecular simulation methods. The CO SB 2 sb pre-pad energized fracturing technology can not only further increase oil production, but also effectively realize the geological storage and utilization of CO SB 2 sb , thus greatly reducing the greenhouse effect. [Extracted from the article]

An editorial is presented on 12th international IET Mediterranean Conference on power generation, transmission, distribution and energy conversion (MEDPOWER conference). Topics include discussing online the latest research achievements in academia and industry; and power system operation and planning, and Energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse emissions.

The green vehicle routing problem (GVRP) is a relatively new topic, which aims to minimize greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions produced by a fleet of vehicles. Both internal combustion vehicles (ICV) and alternative fuel vehicles (AFV) are considered, dividing GVRP into two separate subclasses: ICV-based GVRP and AFV-based GVRP. In the ICV-based subclass, the environmental aspect comes from the objective function which aims to minimize GHG emissions or fuel usage of ICVs. On the other hand, the environmental aspect of AFV-based GVRP is implicit and comes from using AFVs in transport. Since GVRP is NP-hard, finding the exact solution in a reasonable amount of time is often impossible for larger instances, which is why metaheuristic approaches are predominantly used. The purpose of this study is to detect gaps in the literature and present suggestions for future research in the field. For that purpose, we review recent papers in which GVRP was tackled by some metaheuristic methods and describe algorithm specifics, VRP attributes, and objectives used in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores what factors influence household textile washing behaviour and how these factors relate to greenhouse gas emissions during the textile use stage. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire survey related to textile summer washing and care behavior was conducted among households in 16 administrative districts of Shanghai. This study used the modified Consumer Lifestyle Approach framework of the washing and care ecosystem. The research hypotheses were established by selecting related factors from four aspects: household demographic characteristics, economy and consumption characteristics, washing machines and detergents characteristics. Findings: First, we have demonstrated how some course factors do not significantly affect greenhouse emissions. None of the demographics, detergent-related activities, economy and consumption constructs significantly affect greenhouse emissions. Second, we have identified that washing machine and related activities has a direct positive effect on GHG emissions. The washing machine is not only the de facto carrier of all washing activities but also the core of washing activities. Washing machine is crucial in reducing greenhouse emissions and adjusting consumer behaviors. Originality/value: This paper conducts a study related to the washing and care behavior of households in Shanghai. The paper examines the factors influencing household washing behavior and the relationship between these factors and greenhouse gas emissions during the textile use phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sustainability has become an integral part of the real estate industry, alongside advancing globalization and demographic development. Due to real estate's influence on greenhouse gas emissions throughout its life cycle, both the regulatory and legal requirements concerning the sustainability of real estate are growing and, as a result of social responsibility, the interest of tenants and investors in sustainable real estate. However, criteria for measuring the ecological sustainability of a real estate investment in the purchase process in order to reduce the risk of including "stranded assets" in the portfolio are missing. This paper aims to address the need to integrate the issue of carbon stranding into existing sustainability rating tools. Design/methodology/approach: Existing tools are examined based on defined criteria to determine whether they are suitable for purchasing a property before suitable tools for purchase are compared. Strengths and weaknesses are identified, which are to be remedied with the scoring tool. Taxonomy regulation is integrated into the existing valuation basis as a legal regulation. Findings: The result is a scoring tool that enables real estate companies to measure and evaluate the ecological sustainability performance of a property during the acquisition process, taking into account the three aspects of sustainability and considering them when determining an appropriate purchase price in line with market conditions. Moreover, the developed tool helps to minimize the risk of acquiring a stranding asset. Research limitations/implications: The environmental, social and governance (ESG) framework employed in this study does not incorporate governance considerations. While the analysis extensively evaluates the building's environmental and social aspects, it does not extend to examining the governance practices of the companies involved. Thus, the assessment is confined solely to the physical attributes of the property without accounting for broader corporate governance factors. Practical implications: The developed scoring tool represents a valuable tool for the real estate industry, offering insights into sustainability performance during property acquisitions and providing a structured framework for decision-making. By addressing both certification and taxonomy regulation requirements, the tool contributes to the industry's evolution toward more sustainable and environmentally responsible real estate practices. Originality/value: In response to the growing importance of sustainability in the real estate industry, this paper introduces a novel scoring tool for evaluating the sustainability of real estate investments during the acquisition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's second-largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture is essential to achieving the goal of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality." Based on the measurement of agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) and agricultural carbon intensity (ACI) in 19 regions along the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) and Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China from 2001 to 2020, this paper first uses the super-efficiency SBM model to measure ACE efficiency from static and dynamic perspectives. Then, the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between ACE efficiency and green finance in each region of the two basins is explored. Finally, Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) is used to obtain the influencing factors of CCD. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The ACE in the YEB is almost twice that of the YRB. The ACE of the two basins generally experienced a trend of first growth and then declined, but the peak time was different. The ACI of the two basins showed a trend of continuous decline, and the decline rate of the YRB was faster. (2) The ACE efficiency of the two basins showed an overall upward trend, and the growth degree of different regions was vastly different. From the factor decomposition, the technological progress (TP) of the two basins significantly impacts the total factor productivity (TFP). (3) The CCD of ACE efficiency and green finance in the two basins increased from near imbalance to barely coordination level, and the CCD of the YEB increased slightly faster. The CCD of the two basins has a spatial difference of "downstream > midstream > upstream." (4) Among the influencing factors of the CCD of the two systems, the influencing degree of the factors is as follows from large to small: quality of human capital, level of economic development, government regulation, scientific and technological innovation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to draw a research agenda for unveiling the underlying bottlenecks and possibilities for improving the agricultural total factor productivity in the European Union (EU). To this aim, the paper first surveys the key challenges for the modern agricultural economy. Then, the case of the EU is discussed by looking at the convergence in the partial productivity indicators (including the GHG emission) and growth efficiency that relate to the gap in the total factor productivity growth. The results suggest that the EU member states exhibited growth inefficiency (i.e., a gap in the total factor productivity growth) of 5–9% on average during 2004–2021. The paper also discusses the possibilities to utilize the production theory for assessing the pathways towards improvements in the productivity and sustainability of the EU agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper synthesizes the current understanding of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from field cropping systems. It examines the key factors influencing GHG emissions, including crop type, management practices, and soil conditions. The review highlights the variability in GHG emissions across different cropping systems. Conventional tillage systems generally emit higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) than no-till or reduced tillage systems. Crop rotation, cover cropping, and residue management can significantly reduce GHG emissions by improving soil carbon sequestration and reducing nitrogen fertilizer requirements. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities for mitigating GHG emissions in field cropping systems. Precision agriculture techniques, such as variable rate application of fertilizers and water, can optimize crop production while minimizing environmental impacts. Agroforestry systems, which integrate trees and crops, offer the potential for carbon sequestration and reducing N2O emissions. This review provides insights into the latest research on GHG emissions from field cropping systems and identifies areas for further study. It emphasizes the importance of adopting sustainable management practices to reduce GHG emissions and enhance the environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]