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A room temperature, visible‐light‐promoted and redox neutral direct C−H amination of glycine and peptides has been firstly accomplished by using N‐acyloxyphthalimide or ‐succinimide as nitrogen‐radical precursor. The present strategy provides ways to introduce functionalities such as N‐acyloxyphthalimide or ‐succinimide specifically to terminal glycine segment of peptides. Herein, mild conditions and high functional‐group tolerance allow the preparation of non‐natural α‐amino acids and modification of corresponding peptides in this way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant polysaccharides (PP) demonstrate a diverse array of biological and pharmacological properties. This comprehensive review aims to compile and present the multifaceted roles and underlying mechanisms of plant polysaccharides in various liver diseases. These diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to elucidate the intricate mechanisms and therapeutic potential of plant polysaccharides, shedding light on their significance and potential applications in the management and potential prevention of these liver conditions. An exhaustive literature search was conducted for this study, utilizing prominent databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The search criteria focused on the formula "(plant polysaccharides liver disease) NOT (review)" was employed to ensure the inclusion of original research articles up to the year 2023. Relevant literature was extracted and analyzed from these databases. Plant polysaccharides exhibit promising pharmacological properties, particularly in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The ongoing progress of studies on the molecular mechanisms associated with polysaccharides will offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic liver diseases (CLDs)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wei, Luo, Li, Li, Cen, Huang, Jiang, Zhong and Zeng.)

Herein, hypervalent iodine-catalyzed halogenation of aryl-activated alkenes using BX 3 (X = Cl, Br) as the halogen source and activating reagents was reported. Various halogenated 1,3-oxazine/2-oxazoline derivatives were obtained in good-to-high yields. Using BF 3 resulted in different substitute sites from BBr 3 and BCl 3 of the products, indicating different reactive intermediates and reaction pathways. The reaction underwent a "ligand coupling/oxidative addition/intermolecular nucleophilic attack/1,2-aryl migration/reductive elimination/intramolecular nucleophilic attack" cascade when BF 3 was applied as the halogen source, while 1,2-aryl migration has "disappeared" when the halogen source was BBr 3 or BCl 3 . Possible catalytic cycles were proposed, and DFT calculations were conducted to demonstrate the differences among BX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br) in the hypervalent iodine-catalyzed halogenations.

A room temperature, visible-light-promoted and redox neutral direct C-H amination of glycine and peptides has been firstly accomplished by using N-acyloxyphthalimide or -succinimide as nitrogen-radical precursor. The present strategy provides ways to introduce functionalities such as N-acyloxyphthalimide or -succinimide specifically to terminal glycine segment of peptides. Herein, mild conditions and high functional-group tolerance allow the preparation of non-natural α-amino acids and modification of corresponding peptides in this way., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)