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This year marks the 35th anniversary of Professor Walter Wahli's discovery of the PPARs (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors) family of nuclear hormone receptors. To mark the occasion, the editors of the scientific periodical Biomolecules decided to publish a special issue in his honor. This paper summarizes what is known about PPARs and shows how trends have changed and how research on PPARs has evolved. The article also highlights the importance of PPARs and what role they play in various diseases and ailments. The paper is in a mixed form; essentially it is a review article, but it has been enriched with the results of our experiments. The selection of works was subjective, as there are more than 200,000 publications in the PubMed database alone. First, all papers done on an animal model were discarded at the outset. What remained was still far too large to describe directly. Therefore, only papers that were outstanding, groundbreaking, or simply interesting were described and briefly commented on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the retraction of a study on pyrroloquinoline quinone's radioprotective effects in mice due to concerns over the use of edited and duplicated images of mice from a previously published paper.

The article focuses on the retraction of a study on microRNA-17-5p's role in osteoarthritis due to concerns about the use of duplicated western blotting data and diagram elements from a previously submitted paper.

This document is an editorial published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science. It discusses the application of biomedical engineering to veterinary medicine and animal healthcare. The editorial highlights the potential benefits of using biomedical engineering techniques, such as computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and experimental tests, in veterinary medicine. It also provides a summary of 14 research papers included in the journal issue that explore various aspects of animal biomechanics and its applications in veterinary science. The editorial emphasizes the need for further investigation and collaboration between biomedical engineering and veterinary medicine. [Extracted from the article]

On 15–16 June 2023, healthcare professionals and breast cancer patients and advocates from across Canada met in Toronto, Ontario, for the 2023 Canadian Breast Cancer Symposium (CBSC.). The CBSC. is a national, multidisciplinary event that occurs every 2 years with the goal of developing a personalized approach to the management of breast cancer in Canada. Experts provided state-of-the-art information to help optimally manage breast cancer patients, including etiology, prevention, diagnosis, experimental biology, and therapy of breast cancer and premalignant breast disease. The symposium also had the objectives of increasing communication and collaboration among breast cancer healthcare providers nationwide and providing a comprehensive and real-life review of the many facets of breast cancer. The sessions covered the patient voice, the top breast cancer papers from different disciplines in 2022, artificial intelligence in breast cancer, systemic therapy updates, the management of central nervous system metastases, multidisciplinary management of ductal carcinoma in situ, special populations, optimization-based individual prognostic factors, toxicity management of novel therapeutics, survivorship, and updates in surgical oncology. The key takeaways of these sessions have been summarized in this conference report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with recent proposals for experimental philosophy and philosophy of science in practice, we propose that the philosophy of medicine could benefit from incorporating empirical research, just as bioethics has. In this paper, we therefore take first steps towards the development of an empirical philosophy of medicine, that includes investigating practical and moral dimensions. This qualitative study gives insight into the views and experiences of a group of various medical professionals and patient representatives regarding the conceptualization of health and disease concepts in practice and the possible problems that surround them. This includes clinical, epistemological, and ethical issues. We have conducted qualitative interviews with a broad range of participants (n = 17), working in various health-related disciplines, fields and organizations. From the interviews, we highlight several different practical functions of definitions of health and disease. Furthermore, we discuss 5 types of problematic situations that emerged from the interviews and analyze the underlying conceptual issues. By providing theoretical frameworks and conceptual tools, and by suggesting conceptual changes or adaptations, philosophers might be able to help solve some of these problems. This empirical-philosophical study contributes to a more pragmatic way of understanding the relevance of conceptualizing health and disease by connecting the participants' views and experiences to the theoretical debate. Going back and forth between theory and practice will likely result in a more complex but hopefully also better and more fruitful understanding of health and disease concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the retraction of a study investigating Upstream Transcription Factor 1's role in cervical cancer due to concerns about the use of duplicated cell migration, invasion assay, and western blotting data from previously published research.

The article focuses on the retraction of a study about lncRNA ST8SIA6‑AS1's role in liver cancer proliferation and invasion due to concerns over the use of duplicated cell migration assay data from previously published works.

The article titled "[Retracted] Cardioprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against myocardial infarction in hypercholesterolemic rats" has been retracted by the journal Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine. A concerned reader pointed out that the histological data presented in the article appeared to be similar across different panels, suggesting that the same data may have been used to represent different experiments. After an internal investigation, the editor confirmed these concerns and decided to retract the paper due to a lack of confidence in the presented data. The authors were asked for an explanation but did not respond. The editor apologizes for any inconvenience caused. [Extracted from the article]

The journal Blood Cells was initiated in 1975 by Marcel Bessis, a French hematologist and cell biologist, as a vehicle for the publication of papers and discussions presented at an international blood club meeting he convened at L' Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire on the campus of Hôpital Bicétre in Kremlin Bicétre, France, a commune on the southern border of Paris. The group met at the Institute for the first time in October 1972. After the first meeting, Bessis published the articles describing the presentations in the Nouvelle Revue d'Hématologie Française , France's principal journal for articles on the science and practice of hematology of which he was the editor. The refusal of the Nouvelle Revue d'Hématologie Française to continue publishing the papers from the meeting of the blood club in English prompted Bessis to start a new journal, Blood Cells , in 1975. Blood Cells , also, began to accept individual submitted papers unrelated to the blood club meeting and, thus, it evolved into a standard journal. A decade later, when Bessis became ill, he asked Brian Bull, a hematopathologist and professor at Loma Linda University School of Medicine in California to assume the position as the second editor-in-chief. He and Bessis had become scientific collaborators and good friends in the preceding years. In 1995, Ernest Beutler, Chair of Molecular and Experimental Medicine at Scripps Research Institute, assumed the editor-in-chief position and transformed the Journal by making three consequential changes. He expanded its title to Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases , converted its editorial board to past presidents of the American Society of Hematology plus a few additional experimental hematologists of note, a few from abroad, and he converted the Journal to a digital format, hosted on the Scripps Research Institute server. The Journal was the first published solely in a digital format. It, subsequently, was bought by Academic Press, then Harcourt and, then, by Elsevier. The next three editors-in-chief were (i) Marshall A. Lichtman, then Professor of Medicine (Hematology) and of Biochemistry and Biophysics and former Dean of the School of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Rochester Medical Center, editor from 2000 to 2013, (ii) Mohandas Narla, then Vice President for Research and Director of The Laboratory of Red Cell Physiology at the New York Blood Center, editor from 2014 to 2021 and (iii) Lionel Blanc, Professor of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and the Les Nelkin Professor of Pediatric Oncology Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell from 2022 to the present. Although the Journal publishes papers on any aspect of hematology, it has developed a focus on disorders of red cells, erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis. In October 2024, it celebrates its 50th anniversary as a vehicle for the publication of papers in the discipline of hematology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "[Retracted] microRNA-146b promotes neuroblastoma cell growth through targeting NUMB," was published in the journal Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine. However, it has since been retracted due to concerns raised by a reader. The reader pointed out that certain data in the article's Transwell invasion assay were similar to data from other articles written by different authors at different research institutes. Additionally, there were duplicated data panels within the article itself. The authors were asked for an explanation but did not respond. The editor has apologized for any inconvenience caused. [Extracted from the article]

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of efficient drug discovery in respiratory disease. The traditional set up of clinical trials is expensive and allows for significant attrition of new drugs, many of which undergo extensive safety testing before being abandoned for lack of efficacy. Phase 0 trials, named as they sit between pre-clinical research and phase I, allow for the testing of sub-clinical microdoses in humans to gather early pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and mechanistic data, before deciding on which drugs to advance further. This early data can improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of drug development and reduce the extent of animal testing. Phase 0 trials traditionally have utilised sub-therapeutic microdoses of compounds administered intravenously with readouts focusing on PK - measured using highly sensitive methods such as accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of peripheral blood, as well as whole-body positron emission tomography (PET). Mathematical models allow for extrapolation of this PK data to support the further testing of larger, systemically effective doses. However, this extrapolation method is limited at providing robust PD or target engagement/ mode of action data. Using an Intra-Target Microdosing (ITM) approach, a small compartment of the body (about 1% or less) is exposed to potentially clinically active local concentrations. This allows for the collection of PD data, evidence of target cell engagement, as well as the opportunity to extrapolate systemic PK and PD data. This approach has the potential within the pulmonary system for the study and rapid and cost-effective development of new and repurposed drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease globally. Current drugs only alleviate symptoms without halting disease progression, making rodent models essential for researching new therapies and understanding the disease better. However, selecting the right model is challenging due to the numerous models and protocols available. Key factors in model selection include construct, face, and predictive validity. Construct validity ensures the model replicates pathological changes seen in human PD, focusing on dopaminergic neurodegeneration and a-synuclein aggregation. Face validity ensures the model's symptoms mirror those in humans, primarily reproducing motor and non-motor symptoms. Predictive validity assesses if treatment responses in animals will reflect those in humans, typically involving classical pharmacotherapies and surgical procedures. This review highlights the primary characteristics of PD and how these characteristics are validated experimentally according to the three criteria. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool for researchers in selecting the most appropriate animal model based on established validation criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "[Retracted] MicroRNA-873 serves a critical role in human cervical cancer proliferation and metastasis via regulating glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1" was retracted from the journal Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine. Concerns were raised by a reader regarding the similarity of certain data in the article to data from other articles written by different authors at different research institutes. The contentious data had apparently been submitted for publication prior to the submission of the article to the journal. The authors were asked for an explanation but did not reply. The editor apologizes for any inconvenience caused. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Our aim was to develop a validated Patient Reported Experience Measure (PREM) to capture patient and carer experience during participation in experimental cancer medicine trials (ECM): called PREM-ECM. Methods: Mixed method design, consisting of four stages. Questionnaire items were produced for both patients and carers using interviews, focus groups, and cognitive interviews with patients and carers separately. For both patient and carer PREMs, a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted to identify final items for inclusion using hierarchical item reduction and Rasch analysis. Questionnaire validity and reliability were assessed, including administration feasibility. Results: Initial interview participants suggested the need for three PREMs, two specific to patients: (i) a 'prior' questionnaire that captured experiences of trial introduction, screening, consenting, and early trial experience (< 6 weeks post consent); and (ii) 'on-trial' that captured experiences of ongoing consent and trial participation; and (iii) a PREM specific for carers. The draft 25-item 'prior' questionnaire was completed by 162 patients and 162 patients completed the draft 35-item 'on-trial' questionnaire. Hierarchical and Rasch analysis produced a 14-item 'prior' list and a 15-item list for 'on-trial'. Both patient PREM's demonstrated a good fit to the Rasch model following Bonferroni correction (X2p = 0.008). The carer 34-draft item questionnaire was completed by 102 participants. Hierarchical and Rasch analysis produced a 13-item list for PREM-ECM-Carer, with good fit to the Rasch model (X2p = 0.62). The pilot testing demonstrated the feasibility of all the PREMs in capturing patient and caregiver experiences in routine clinical settings. Conclusions: The three PREM-ECM questionnaires will be the first validated experience measures for ECM trial patients and their carers. These questionnaires may be used to assess patients' and their carers' experiences of ECM and enable robust comparisons across cancer trial units highlighting areas for service improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To our knowledge, the performances of Emergency Medicine (EM) journals have not been investigated in terms of contribution to scientific literature. This study, Aimed to reveal the characteristics of EM journals and compare them in terms of their qualitative and quantitative features. Material and Method: Conducteda hand-searching on the websites of 8 EM journals. Also categorized the articles published in these journals into subgroups in terms of relevance to trauma and disaster medicine, cardiovascular and cardiology emergencies, pulmonary emergencies, toxicology, COVID-19, surgical emergencies, internal medicine/gastroenterological emergencies, medical treatment and marker studies, resuscitation and airway management, infectious diseases, sedation and analgesia, imaging, neurological emergencies, forensic medicine, epidemiological and statistical studies, hospital and emergency department management, intensive care and mechanical ventilation, prehospital care, experimental studies, elective surgery and surgical complications. The journals were also compared according to their contribution to COVID-19 literature. Result: Among 8 journals, only Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg is indexed in SCI-E. The top 3 journals according to the number of published articles and citations were as follows: Ulus Travma (1792 articles, 7834 citations), EAJEM (784 articles, 822 citations) and TJEM (646 articles, 3146 citations). Mean citation per article was the highest in TJEM (n=4.87) followed by Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg (n=4.37) and EAJEM (n=1,05). Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg has the highest H index (n=25). Conclusion: Academic development of EM is strongly linked to the performance of EM journals. The quality, amount and number of grant-supported research should increase in EM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of cancer that originates from the mucosal lining of the nasopharynx and can invade and spread. Although contemporary chemoradiotherapy effectively manages the disease locally, there are still challenges with locoregional recurrence and distant failure. Therefore, it is crucial to have a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of NPC cell movement in order to develop a more effective treatment and to improve patient survival rates. Cancer cell line models are invaluable in studying health and disease and it is not surprising that they play a critical role in NPC research. Consequently, scientists have established around 80 immortalized human NPC lines that are commonly used as in vitro models. However, over the years, it has been observed that many cell lines are misidentified or contaminated by other cells. This cross-contamination leads to the creation of false cell lines that no longer match the original donor. In this commentary, we discuss the impact of misidentified NPC cell lines on the scientific literature. We found 1159 articles from 2000 to 2023 that used NPC cell lines contaminated with HeLa cells. Alarmingly, the number of publications and citations using these contaminated cell lines continued to increase, even after information about the contamination was officially published. These articles were most commonly published in the fields of oncology, pharmacology, and experimental medicine research. These findings highlight the importance of science policy and support the need for journals to require authentication testing before publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Editorial: Women in cancer immunity and immunotherapy," discusses the contributions and challenges faced by women scientists in the field of cancer immunity and immunotherapy. It highlights the achievements of women scientists throughout history and acknowledges the gender gap that still exists in the field. The article also presents several original research articles and reviews that focus on various aspects of cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Overall, the article aims to encourage more women to pursue careers in scientific research and contribute to the advancement of the field. [Extracted from the article]

Medical report generation can be treated as a process of doctors' observing, understanding, and describing images from different perspectives. Following this process, this paper innovatively proposes a Transformer-based Semantic Query learning paradigm (TranSQ). Briefly, this paradigm is to learn an intention embedding set and make a semantic query to the visual features, generate intent-compliant sentence candidates, and form a coherent report. We apply a bipartite matching mechanism during training to realize the dynamic correspondence between the intention embeddings and the sentences to induct medical concepts into the observation intentions. Experimental results on two major radiology reporting datasets (i.e., IU X-ray and MIMIC-CXR) demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models regarding generation effectiveness and clinical efficacy. In addition, comprehensive ablation experiments fully validate the TranSQ model's innovation and interpretation. The code is available at https://github.com/zjukongming/TranSQ. • We proposed a novel Transformer-based semantic query model for MRG task. • We propose a bipartite matching-based intention embedding learning strategy. • The proposed TranSQ achieves SOTA performance on two well-known MRG benchmarks. • The proposed TranSQ provides accurate sentence-level interpretation information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]