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Feces are livestock by-products which are waste from undigested feed ingredients. It will pollute the environment and can cause various diseases if no processing is done. Feces processing can be done through the process of bioconversion into compost bioproducts. There is a promising development potential for the utilization of feces for bioproducts due to its abundant availability, but it has not been utilized optimally. Feces is material from biological resources originating from livestock which is processed using technology so that it becomes a new or semi-finished product. The results of this process will have a large added value and economical potential. Cow feces contain organic and inorganic components, micronutrients and thousands of types of bacteria. These bacteria consist of photosynthetic bacteria, fixation and lactic acid. Application to soil, water or organic waste media will result in a regeneration process that takes place on an ongoing basis. Edible-nest swiftlet feces contain very high minerals and are suitable for soil. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfur as well as organic matter which are effective for improving and enriching soil structure. This review discusses and explains the potential use of cow feces and edible-nest swiftlets as basic ingredients for making compost bioproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vocabulary is the backbone of a language, making it a vital component in successful language acquisition. However, vocabulary teaching and learning remains one of the challenges in the language classrooms due to mechanical and monotonous teaching methods employed and lack of authentic supplementary materials, among other reasons. Meanwhile, many studies have reported the benefits of inserting humour in teaching in these recent years. Hence, one suggestion to address the challenge in developing learners' word knowledge is by introducing humour in this study. This paper aimed to present short narrative jokes as one example of such material and explore their effects on word comprehension of ESL learners with low proficiency levels. The study involved an experiment with two intact groups of tertiary level students. Prior to the exposure to the materials, the participants were asked to answer a vocabulary test (pre-test) to assess vocabulary recognition of the target words. The experimental group was then exposed to humorous texts while the control group received comparable non-humorous texts, followed by another vocabulary test (post-test) to measure vocabulary comprehension. Their pre-test and post-test scores were later compared as gain scores. Further analysis was also done using the t test. The findings of this study revealed that humour could indeed assist in word comprehension as a statistically significant difference was detected between the experimental and control groups. One of its significant implications is for language instructors to include humour as an example of authentic supplementary material in vocabulary teaching and learning, especially for learners with low proficiency levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender bias occurs when a person prefers one gender over another, resulting in unconscious bias or stereotypes directed against another member of a group, such as at work or at home. The aim of this study is to look at the level of how much gender bias exists in the workplace and household in Malaysia. The theory that has been used as a guideline for this research is Symbolic Interaction Theory by George Herbert Mead. An online questionnaire with 11 items for demographic section and 18 items was designed to evaluate the level of gender bias that exists in the workplace and household from all around Malaysia. The study involved 435 respondents consisting of the public with various backgrounds by using Google Form platform. The amount of the survey calculated based on the table, N=435. There are two main elements designed in this research to measure the level of gender bias in the workplace and the household in Malaysia, all variables were measured through the scale previously used by another researcher and scale of approval from 1 (Strongly disagree) - 4 (Strongly agree). The result of the research indicate that the level of gender bias exists the most is in workplace (M=3.32) followed by household (M=3.07) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to observe the fluctuation of salt production in the Bima district using data on salt production for the last six years, from 2016 to 2021. The location of salt production is in the Bima district and can be found in Bolo, Monta, Woha, Palibelo, Lambu, and Sape. Bolo is the area with the highest salt production, and Monta is the area with low salt production. The results showed that there were fluctuations in production each year and month. Annual data with a total production of as much as 138236 Ton obtain in 2020, and low total production obtained in 2016 of as much as 11067.2 Ton. For monthly data, the lowest production was in April, with a total production of 870.9 Tons, and the highest was in September, with a total production of 163615.26 Tons. Salt production in the Bima district starts in April and ends in October. The prediction of salt production in the Bima Regency is expected to provide a solution for maintaining salt balance conditions and can be estimated more accurately. Thus, the need for salt in the Bima Regency can be met and the stock needed nationally can be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global average life expectancy has increased astonishingly. However, problems such as household income inequality, high unemployment and the continuous impact of economic growth have prevented Malaysia's life expectancy from increasing. This paper studies the effect of macroeconomic variables on life expectancy in Malaysia from 1991–2019. The data was collected from the World Bank and the Department of Statistics Malaysia. For this purpose, the analysis of the study is to use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The results show that household income variables and economic growth variables have a positive and significant effect on life expectancy in the long run, while only the economic growth variables have a significant effect on life expectancy in the short run. Therefore, the country needs to allocate greater expenditure on economic development because it can increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and reduce the inflation rate. Besides, people can have extra money to get better health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors that are significantly influencing the Shariah compliance status of the listed firms at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. This research examines the extent to which variations in directors' characteristics and firm-specific factors affect the company's status with respect to Shariah compliance. A total of 80 listed companies on the Pakistan Stock Exchange were selected. The data were collected from the companies' financial reports for the period of 2013-2017 (N = 400). The research models were tested using fixed and random effects logit analysis on STATA 15. The findings reveal that the director's religion, Islamic financing, Islamic institutes' shareholdings, payout ratio, and stock return significantly influence Shariah compliance status in Pakistan. This study is the first to explore the directors' characteristics and firm-specific factors that impact Shariah compliance status to the best of our knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is one of the most used building materials worldwide, and its production requires a significant amount of natural aggregate. Simultaneously, waste palm oil clinker (POC) from palm oil mills poses environmental pollution. The main aims are to investigate the effects of incorporating POC as a sand replacement on the workability, compressive strength and environmental sustainability performance. The experiment involved six different mixtures. Concrete mixtures with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% fine POC replacement were cast and water cured for 28 days. The results demonstrate that the use of fine POC has an impact on both the workability and strength of the concrete. As more fine POC was employed, the workability of the concrete decreased. The analysis of mechanical properties indicated an optimum performance for the concrete mixture with 10% fine aggregate substituted by POC. In conclusion, the application of POC as a partial replacement for fine aggregate has the possible to minimize the amount of POC throw away in landfills and preserve river sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving and maintaining the hospital service quality is considered a global concern. Healthcare service providers widely use online patient feedback to measure and improve the quality of care in healthcare services from the patients' perspectives. Similarly, customers will read reviews before deciding on which hospital to receive their treatment making reviews to be useful for both customers and hospital providers. However, due to the unstructured nature of user reviews, it has been challenging to extract useful information where the number of reviews could range from hundreds to thousands with varied opinions thus making it difficult to extract and analyze the data. Sentiment analysis is widely recognized as one of the effective approaches for analyzing the sentiments of data in terms of people's opinion. This paper describes the implementation of sentiment analysis on patients' reviews from six hospitals in Kuala Lumpur using a Naïve Bayes classifier and the results are presented in the form of a visualization dashboard to let patients and hospitals understand public opinion on the hospital services. Top occurring words associated with hospitals have been identified and it can provide better insights on service quality of the providers. For future works it is suggested to use larger amount of labeled data to improve performance and use different classifiers for performance comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2021 or COVID-19 has affected almost all individuals around the globe. Consequently, Malaysia is one of the nations that has been facing tremendous changes in various sectors due to COVID-19. As the number of positive cases is on the rise, the Malaysian government has executed its National COVID-19 Immunization Program to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and the severity of disease in case a vaccinated person is infected. However, there are also individuals who have contributed to vaccine refusal due to many factors including misinformation about vaccines, religious beliefs, lack of knowledge, and awareness. Therefore, this paper presents a combination of instructional design and cognitive load theory named CoLoMo model, to increase the awareness of COVID-19 among parents. The CoLoMo model is a theory for mobile application development involving three elements in mobile instruction design which include platform, design, accessibility, and design page. These elements have been chosen prior to the target users which are parents or adults. The three cognitive load theory types in this model are intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The combination of the mobile interaction design and cognitive load theory types will affect the user's cognitive performance which are concentration, learning capabilities and attributes. This paper also discusses the previous research on the implementation of cognitive load theory through mobile applications. Several strategies that emphasize different relevant cognitive processes which are useful to consider when developing mobile applications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calories-dense products encourage weight gain through healthy ingredients. With addition of healthy fats, whey protein and carbohydrate, the blends will help to increase the muscle mass. The incorporation of herbal in protein supplement is expected to benefit the new developed product, with regard to the presence of active ingredients and phytochemicals agent that promote health such as antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-aging. Sensory evaluation on herbal like Eurycoma longifolia is essential, due to the herbal contribute to the bitter taste of the formulation. The additional of vegetables may interrupt the solubility of the formulation due to its non-soluble characteristic. In this studies comparison between herbal and non-herbal (commercial products) protein supplement due to its after taste, bitterness, sweetness and appearance were carried out. The sensory evaluation of the protein supplement was carried out via 9-point hedonic scale. Mineral content of the samples was also analysed. The score of hedonic scale showed that the sweetness and bitterness of the herbal protein supplement is significantly different compared to the commercial products. All samples showed differences in the mineral contents, but mineral ferum was present in the highest concentration in protein supplement incorporated with herbal and vegetables. The highly concerned toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (Ar), plumbum (Pb) and mercury (Hg) level were below of the standard limit (0.3ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm and 0.5 ppm respectively). Hence, the obtained results might be useful to define the new formulations of these highly consumed protein supplement with health benefits for athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

British pillbox in Kg Tok Burung is one monument that was almost destroyed as the cause of deterioration and environmental factors. Hence, there should have a solution to keep it reminded. The location of these pillboxes is close to Pantai Irama, an area that is often the focus of tourists. The main objective of this research is to build an application Augmented Reality of British pillbox in Kg. Tok Burung. It is also to detect the exact location and building substances of the British pillbox in Kg. Tok Burung. A few methods used to obtain some data and information were observation, included measurement, photograph, and literature review. Then, the data was interpreted through Augmented Reality. This method of research is to conserve the British pillbox in Kg. Tok Burung virtually and extended the structure of pillbox for heritage tourism and the young generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the influence of various CSN3 genotypes of cows of Red-Motley, Red Steppe, and Black-motley Holstein breeds on the quality, processing, and taste characteristics of milk and fermented milk products. To study the genotypic identification of livestock, blood samples from 260 cows of various breeds were selected, preserved, and then transferred to the All Russian Research Institute of Animal Breeding DNA laboratory (Lesnye Polyany, Moscow region, Russia). Blood samples were taken to determine the kappa-casein genotype, using DNA methods. The frequency of the CSN3 allele B in cows of different breeds was found to vary from 0.23 to 0.27 and averaged 0.25, and allele A was established to be 0.75. The protein content was higher by 0.13% in milk from the BB genotype cows; it was by 1.8-2.1% higher in cheese than in milk from the AA genotype cows. The research study of the processing properties of milk and cheese concluded that the milk from the BB genotype cows had the best indices in terms of the cheese yield parameter and coagulation ability under the influence of rennet. Milk from the BB genotype cows enabled producing more cheese by 7.0-16.1% than milk from the AB and AA genotypes cows. The cheese obtained from milk of the BB genotype cows had a more favorable composition and a higher sensory score, which certainly ensures the highest competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time Vision-based Hand Gesture to Text Interpreter by Using Artificial Intelligence with Augmented Reality Element is a device that can interpret sign language to text in real-time. This communicator used a machine learning approach with a slight touch of deep learning elements, which are OpenCV, MediaPipe, and TensorFlow algorithms. Those algorithms have been used to differentiate the hand from other objects, detect the movement and coordinate of hands and perform imagery data analysis to produce output instantly in real-time. The camera will detect the user's hand movement, and the output will be produced on an LCD monitor. This project has been developed by using Python programming language. 13,000 of ASL's alphabets and 5,000 of ASL's number imagery datasets have been collected and trained by using cloud platforms which are Google Teachable Machine and Google Colab. The training process produced 99.85% of accuracy for the alphabets and 100% accuracy for the number. Finally, the constructed machine learning algorithm able to display alphabets and numbers on an LCD monitor by performing ASL's alphabet and number hand gesture in real-time. The performance of the prototype has been analyzed and experimented by two users at plain and noise background with different determined distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivators that grow oyster mushrooms keep failing due to a of lack control in temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and concentration of carbon dioxide. In order to grow great oyster mushrooms and avoid crop failure, the temperature must be between 22 °C to 28 °C and the relative humidity must be between 85% to 90%. The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) needs to be controlled below 800 during its growth phase. Failure to meet those parameters will result in the mushroom drying out, slowing growth, or stopping. As a result, oyster mushroom cultivators will require a system that can control the surrounding temperature and humidity, soil moisture, and concentration of CO2 conditions in order to produce good-quality oyster mushrooms. An automated environmental control system is constructed to handle the problem. In this system, by means of a feedback control loop system that monitors and activates the actuators when necessary, promising results of the oyster mushroom cultivation system are produced and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the issues of response of the transport security subsystem of the Russian Federation in the case of threats that can provoke the emergence of potentially significant emergencies on the railway. The response is represented by a sequence of notified officials of the structural units involved in arrangement of the railway transportation process and in ensuring its safety. The response procedure is provided in several options, depending on the primary recipient of primary information about the threat that has arisen. The article provides a response model built in accordance with the requirements of the legal framework governing the activities of structures involved in ensuring the safety of the transportation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a way to coordinate and manage the transportation process based on the consolidated and coordinated cooperation of the subjects of transport and production processes in the freight transportation market segment. This method involves formation of target regulations for interaction between participants in a single process and development (improvement) of existing technological processes, as components of a single process of cargo transportation, to build further mutually beneficial cooperation between subjects of transportation in the legal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the existing maintenance system on the condition of railway freight cars, being part of the transportation process, was assessed. The relevancy to change of approaches of railcars maintenance and an update of the regulatory documents containing the requirements for railway rolling stock throughout the life cycle was discovered. The negative consequences of the railway car complex reorganization were considered. The current condition of the railway freight cars rolling stock, which constitutes the transportation process, was analyzed. The risks of uncoupling of empty and loaded railway freight cars due to fault conditions depending on the railway type were assessed. The removal from operation of railcars according minor components was analyzed. The main conditions for the unchecked advance of the railway car traffic volume under the existing scheme of warranty section for the train maintenance were determined. It was proposed to minimize the losses of transportation market participants from emergency repairs of railway freight cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new biostimulator stimulated the development of tomato plants, accelerated the passage of phenological phases, shortened the time of entry of plants into fruiting. The use of microdoses contributed to an increase in yield. Therefore, they can be recommended for their further experimental evaluation in field experiments at even lower concentrations on other agricultural crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano particle - new technology additives used within biodiesel fuel have been developed through generations in order to improve diesel engines (DE) performance while reducing the emission causing the environmental pollution. This comprehensive review is conducted to investigate the effect of nano particle additives on biodiesel fuel in diesel engines. Due to high demand in increasing the emission standards especially from International Maritime Organization (IMO), it has captivated the authors interest in developing the use of nano particle towards biodiesel fuel because of the ability to reduce exhaust emission of diesel engines. The results show the addition of nano particles in B20 and were auspicious where it reduced carbon oxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), low heat release rate (HRR), and lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Altogether, the authors have compiled several research papers that contain overview of biodiesel fuel, types of nano particle, effect on exhaust emission and diesel engine performance, and lastly advantages of using nano particles in biodiesel fuel. Hence, the findings are provided for future research opportunities and clear understanding of nano particle technology in improving DE fuel performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the main need of living things, including humans. The presence of water greatly affects daily life in human activities. Along with population growth, the need for water is getting bigger every year. This cannot be accomplished solely by relying on surface water alone. An alternative that can be done is to rely on the benefits of groundwater in confined aquifer zones, in addition to increasing the quantity of water quality standards, it can also improvewater quality. To determine the existence of a groundwater zone in a confined aquifer zone, a subsurface investigation is necessary. The dipole-dipole geoelectric method can see changes in the subsurface based on its resistivity. In the research area, namely in the pondok quran Islamic boarding school area, resistivity below the value of 10 ohm.m is indicated as a zone of water density, resistivity above 80 ohm.m indicates igneous rock and values 10 - 80 ohm.m are indicated for soil and sandstone. The geoelectric results of the dipole dipole are used as a reference for drilling, the closest area to drill is 30 m from the surface, right above the Pondok Quran Islamic boarding school. After drilling as deep as 35 m, the optimal discharge is 1,5 ltr / second and has a very good quality than surface water, namely pH 7, smelles, tasteless, temperature around 230 C, TDS around 300 Mg / L and the turbidity is 15 NTU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bandung have unique geological conditions, one of which is surrounded by a mountainous complex composed of igneous rock. Understanding of the process of forming igneous rocks is very important because it can calculate the resources and spread of minerals economically. The method used in this research is petrographic analysis and geochemical analysis using the XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) method. Based on the results of field investigations, igneous rock in the Baleendah area is Andesite with a porphyritic texture and has a sheeting joint structure, massive and has a mineral composition of plagioclase, quartz, and pyroxene. Petrographic analysis was carried out on 6 rock samples and XRF was carried out on 4 rock samples, with the result of the type of magma that formed the rock in the study area was calc alkaline. The origin of magma based on regional tectonics comes from a depth of approximately 138.14 – 145.96 km below the earth's surface in the Island Arc Calc area. The results of the research with the type of sediment in the form of lava, generally andesite in the Baleendah area generally has a wide distribution and the best method to maximize existing resources is the site hill quarry mining method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil as the basis for strengthening the building structure must have a high bearing capacity and shear strength. Soil is useful as a building material in a variety of civil engineering and mining works. The main function of soil is to support the foundation of a building requiring stable soil conditions, poor soil conditions need to be engineered by changing or adding elements or materials that can change physical and mechanical properties by stabilizing the soil. Stabilization is an action taken to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the soil to increase the bearing capacity of the soil, water content, cohesion and internal friction angle. Soil stabilization that can be done, one of which is adding chemicals by adding extinguished lime (Ca(OH)2. Lime is a material that contains substances that are able to neutralize the swelling and shrinkage properties and increase the strength and durability of the soil, especially in clay soils with parameters of soil shear strength (ϕ) and cohesion (c) will increase and change the physical properties of the soil related to the volume of the optimum water content. The research was conducted by mixing extinguished lime with clay at 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% and the direct shear strength test time was based on 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Clay soil used as a mixture of quenched lime (Ca(OH)2) has a natural density value of 2.05 gr/cm3, 37.4% porosity, and a void ratio value of 0.6. The optimum water content value obtained in clay soil is 17.26% at a dry density condition of 2.38 gr/cm3. The effect of adding lime and a long test time on the optimum cohesion value occurred in the addition of 6% lime with a value of 0.15 MPa while the effect of adding lime and soil test time on the optimum internal friction angle value occurred in the addition of 12% lime with the highest value of 27.1o. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety is vital in reducing the possibilities of an accident and by increasing the safety measures in the workplace it may lead to the performance of the project. To improve the safety measures especially in marine construction project, the influence factors that contribute to safety culture factor must be studied and analyzed. However, the complexity factor that occurs during the implementation is important to be considered. Therefore, the objective of this research is to discover the relationship between safety culture and complexity factors towards marine construction safety performance. The correlation analysis was performed using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient to measure the strength of relationship between the influenced factors. The results show that all the factors have strong linear correlation and the findings are beneficial to be used as framework to practical parties to improve their safety culture performances specifically in marine construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cell (PSC), a type of solar cell including a perovskite-structured compound of a hybrid organic-inorganic lead as the light-harvesting active layer, is derived from the ABX3 crystal structure of the absorber materials where A and B are cation and X is an anion. The lead (Pb) in perovskite solar cells is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is necessary to substitute with another perovskite material such as barium titanate (BaTiO3). In this experiment, the various thickness and calcination temperatures of BaTiO3 thin film have been tested to determine their effect on structure and optical properties of BaTiO3. BaTiO3 thin film has been synthesized by the sol-gel spin coating method which was carried out by varying the spin coating rotation time (SCRT) for 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Meanwhile, the calcination temperature was varied at 200, 400, and 600 °C. The sample without calcination (placed at room temperature) was set as a control. UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used to quantitatively measure how much the samples of BaTiO3 thin film can absorb light, in order to identify its optical property. XRD and FTIR were used to analyze the crystal structure and the functional group bonds on the thin film, respectively. The obtained thickness resulted from various SCRT for 30, 60, 90, and 120 s, and treatments were 267.13, 222.24, 219.53, and 218.66 nm, respectively. The highest absorbance value was resulted in SCRT for 30 s with an energy gap and Urbach energy of 2.6 and 0.69 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, in the second condition, the obtained thicknesses were 755.91 nm from room temperature and 345.04, 267.14, and 246.30 nm from the various calcination at 200, 400, and 600 °C, respectively. The highest absorbance value was resulted in the sample with the calcination of 600 °C. Its band gap energy and Urbach energy were 2.31 and 0.64 eV, respectively. The result shows that BaTiO3 match for development of perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, we synthesized Copper Oxide (CuO) thin films by sol-gel method assisted by spin coating technique at room temperature. Variations of parameters used in this work are calcination temperature variations and application of the annealing treatment process to samples. Chemical characterization and crystal phase using FTIR and XRD were carried out to confirm the presence of chemical bonds and determine the crystal size and phase of CuO. The optical properties of the obtained thin films were characterized using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer with a light spectrum range between 350 - 800 nm. The optical test results have succeeded in obtaining estimates of the optical band gap and Urbach energy of the thin film. The calculated band gap and Urbach energy for the spin time variation sample is 1.13 − 1.84 eV and 0.43 - 0.61 eV, respectively. While the calcination temperature variation sample's band gap and Urbach energy varies from 1.65−2.57 eV and 0.16 - 0.29 eV, respectively. Furthermore, the annealing treatment process on the CuO thin film significantly affects the regularity of the elements in the thin film. For the subsequent development, this CuO thin film will then be used as a tandem of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) for solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ductile iron has continued to find wide use in the production of many industrial components. Because it has good ductility, easy to machining, has high toughness, and can be cast for complex components. There have been many methods used for surface hardening of nodular cast iron to high wear resistance, one of them is to use chilled casting because chill is the fast cooling rate in the mold and chill is the diffusion material. This research tries to use the chilled casting method. The purpose of this research is to harden the surface of the Y shape of the pattern so that it gets a thin layer and hard layer to apply to the gear manufacturing process according to the ANSI/AGMA standard recommendations. Stainless steel is used as a chill to coat the surface. An optical microscope, SEM-EDX, Vickers hardness testing and the wear test was carried out. The results show that the structure of eutectic carbide and (FeCr)7C3 has formed 5.71%Cr in the chill-coated area and the diffusion thickness layer is 0.57 - 0.60mm so that the surface area has high hardness (943.76 HV) and produces good wear resistance based on ANSI/AGMA standard recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-elephant conflict (HEC) poses significant challenges especially in areas impacted with land development and habitat fragmentation. Inadequate management of HEC is one of the factors affecting conservation concern in elephant range countries, including Malaysia. In addressing this issue, conflict prevention strategies methods have been widely utilized by combining multiple strategies and techniques including the establishment of protected areas, physical exclusion methods, acoustic deterrents, domestication and translocation of elephants. This paper reviews current HEC mitigation practices addressing the Asian elephant in Peninsular Malaysia with an emphasis to the physical exclusion method of constructing reinforced concrete (RC) wire rope fencing in preventing elephants from entering agricultural lands and human settlements. Presently, elephant fencing generally adapt an integration of the electrical fencing system which understandably requires periodic maintenance as well as costly. This paper discusses the various design criteria that needs to be addressed from an engineering perspective to ensure adequate performance of an unelectrified RC wire rope fencing system, thus providing a more economical approach to address HEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of technology today encourages the development of learning media that are increasingly innovative, interesting, and flexible (online and offline). The purpose of this study is to develop interactive learning media using Adobe Flash CS6 on the Pythagorean theorem material and to determine the validity dan practicality of the learning media in mathematics learning. The type of research used in this study is Research and Development which refers to the Borg and Gall development model. Samples were taken randomly consisting of 33 students of class VIII MTs Hidayatul Mustafidin. Media validity refers to content analysis using V Aiken statistics. The practicality analysis refers to the assessment category adapted from Ebel & Frisbie. The results of this product development have been declared valid by experts and can be applied well in learning mathematics according to user responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current learning strategies need to involve students in assessing what is being studied, one of which is self-assessment and self-efficacy. Self-assessment and self-efficacy can help students to recognize their weaknesses or shortcomings in an effort to achieve learning goals. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-assessment and student self-efficacy with learning outcomes in the Chemical Physics courses. This research was conducted from August to September 2020 on 67 pre-service chemical teachers in Chemistry Education Departement who were taking Physical Chemistry courses. Collecting data using a self-assessment questionnaire and a self-efficacy questionnaire. The research method used in this research is correlational research. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive and multiple correlational analysis methods. The results showed that Self-assessment and Self-efficacy were closely related to learning outcomes. This is indicated by the correlation coefficient value of 0.786 which means it is included in the strong category. It can be concluded that when students have high self-assessment and self-efficacy, the results obtained will also be satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high level of noise present in the routing lines, the constant operation of the receiving devices make it difficult to carry out measurements to study the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the routing line in real conditions. The simplest and most reliable way to determine bandwidth is to model amplitude-frequency characteristics using special software. Modern computer modeling systems allow to solve various problems and often become a basic research tool for studying newly developed and existing technologies and systems. This is because the creation of complex devices and the subsequent study of their parameters requires large capital expenditures. Several tasks that can be solved using computer modeling include the construction of various data line models and the modeling of their frequency characteristics. To build a computer model of a transmission line based on train directional radio communication lines, it is necessary to construct a mathematical model according to the equivalent schemes constructed. A computer model is created based on a mathematical model obtained using special software packages. The software must be able to analyze complex electromagnetic processes. There are special software packages for studying electrical circuits, which simplify the procedure for creating a mathematical model; that is, there is a set of ready-made models of electrical equipment blocks from which the necessary scheme is made. Such packages include the MICROCAP schematic modeling program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the provision of communication between train radio locomotives and locomotive drivers located at any point in the dispatching zone through train radio communication networks established in the wavelength range of a hectometer on railway transport. In particular, it was stated that train radio communications could be used to control train traffic by establishing high-speed communications. It is an important control system for ensuring safety in rail transport. A model has been developed to improve the existing online monitoring methods and diagnostics of radio communication of trains using a special car in motion. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of managing the process of organizing the movement of trains to ensure the safety of trains, a radio communication protocol of trains was developed based on the parameters obtained by remote measurement, to increase the reliability of radio communication of trains and continuous radio communication channel. The parameters of the models developed for the train radio communication system are analyzed. The model uses the least squares method and minimizes the appearance of features. The train radio communication system measurements were carried out based on real experiments between several stations, and the signal parameters of the RS-46 radio communication device were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven factors influence professional identity: self-image, social recognition, job satisfaction, social relations, attitude toward change, professional competence, and expectations about the profession in the future. This study focuses on the cadets' view of the seafaring profession as their identity. Because the subject of this research is at the formation stage, the scope of this research is the professional identity formed in cadets on three factors commonly found in students: self-image, social recognition, and hope in the future. This study adopts a qualitative approach by using online semi-structured interviews for data collection. The researcher tried to understand the participants' perceptions of the seafaring profession from a self-image, social recognition, and future expectations. Narrative analysis techniques are used to analyze data to draw conclusions. The result shows professional identity construction begins from the cadets' self-view on the seafaring profession. Next, internalization of the social character on the seafaring profession is developed during the apprenticeship, where situated learning took place within the community of practitioners. Furthermore, through the self-internalization processes, cadets perceive the seafaring profession as an ideal profession to achieve their goals, predominantly to achieve a faster promotion, obtain an excellent salary, and retire early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cold climates, ships are often faced with hostile weather, freezing seawater into ice. At the height of winter, it is not uncommon for the ocean, initially water, to turn into the ice with temperatures below 0° Celsius. LNG/c Coral EnergICE carries out the loading process at Tornio port, which is in the Lapland region at latitude 65°51′N 024°09′E in winter. The berthing process in icy waters is different from the usual anchoring process because freezing temperatures can cause various obstacles such as accumulation of ice around the port, frozen deck, exposure to extreme temperatures. In support of the safe anchoring process in icy waters for LNG/c Coral EnergICE, the officer's knowledge of winter navigation is essential for the smooth process of berthing in icy waters. This study uses descriptive-qualitative techniques in the analysis. It tries to describe the problems that occur, starting from the knowledge of navigating in winter and processes in ports with icy waters; the factors that cause ineffective berthing; the influence of ice during movement; icebreaker as support, also the use of navigational aids and weather information. It also discusses freezing temperature in the port and its relationship to the smooth process of berthing. It describes all the experiences obtained following concrete data during the author's sea training. The data obtained during observations, interviews, and information obtained from case studies were analyzed so that the objectives of this study could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis is an alternative process for waste management and pollution removal, and its biochar has the potential for energy generation and soil fertility improvement. In this study, the pyrolysis of fish waste (Sardinella fimbriata) was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor, and some of its biochar characteristics were determined. The composition, functional groups and surface morphology of the biochar were investigated after pyrolysis at 500oC. The results indicated that around 40 wt.% biochar, 31 wt.% liquid oil, and 28 wt.% non-condensed gas were produced from the reaction. The proximate and ultimate analysis showed that the weight percentage of carbon, fixed-carbon and ash contents in the biochar increased, whereas hydrogen and oxygen contents decreased compared to the raw sample. From Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, functional groups of O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O and C-O-C were detected in the biochar. Meanwhile, the surface morphology from Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that the biochar has longitudinal pores. The results of this study could help for a preliminary understanding of fish waste as feedstock for the pyrolysis process. Furthermore, the studied biochar properties could be used to suggest some of its potential usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of a complex action biological agent that combines both plant growth promoting and technogenic pollution degrading properties would allow the solution to a great many problems in the related fields of agrobiotechnology and bioremediation. Therefore, it makes sense to search for bacteria with PGP activity among technogenic pollutant degraders. Pseudomonas stutzeri IB-I6C was isolated as a microorganismto utilize the systemic herbicide containing 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), sodium benzoate, phenol and naphthalene. After revealing the ability of the strain in question to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the research was conducted concerning the accumulation dynamics of the extracellular hormone auxin on nutrient media of different composition. It has been found that the maximum yield of the targeted plant hormone is ensured by the qualitative composition of the nutrient medium K1, namely, by its carbohydrate component and results in a two fold increase in the auxin concentration as compared to the level in the standard medium. It is shown that the level of IAA biosynthesis in nutrient media varies as follows: K1>LB+trp>LB>BS. The growth promoting activity of the strain P. stutzeri IB-I6C was found during the seed treatment of wheat Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Omskaya 35. The colonization of wheat roots by the strain IB-I6C under saline conditions resulted in a considerable increase in root length and weight attesting to a wide growth range of the culture. The ability to produce IAA correlates with the discovered positive action of the bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri IB-I6C upon the growth of wheat plants under saline loading. The strain IB-I6C also shows phosphate-solubilization activity. Thus, the strain Pseudomonas stutzeri IB-I6C combines the necessary qualities enabling the development of a promising multifunctional biological agent for agrobiotechnology and soil bioremediation both under normal conditions and under technogenically polluted and saline stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers a new approach to the synthesis of metal composites based on the structuring of an aluminum matrix with titanium carbide nanostructures. A method is developed for the uniform introduction of a metal- ceramic-metal reinforcing additive into the bulk aluminum-based composite (Аl–TiC–Fe). As a result, a composite with improved mechanical properties was obtained, where ceramic nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the bulk metal matrix. The ways of adjustment of the mechanical characteristics of composites using aluminum matrix structuring with carbide nanostructures are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pipelines are highly used in the oil and gas industry for the transportation of oil, natural gas and products from refineries. The efficiency and the reliability in distribution networks need to be considered to ensure that the fluid is transported perfectly. However, due to some leakages because of corrosion or poor maintenance, the quantities of fluid transported are affected. In this case, leakage gives a big impact on the industry. Thus, early leak detection of leakage needs to be conducted. A physical method in leak detection can sometimes lead to higher cost if the parameter used in certain equipment is not compatible and not suitable which resulted in vague leakage detection. Since the accuracy of a method to detect leakage is highly dependent on the flow and leak parameters in a given pipeline, a simulation-based method is proposed to study the most reliable and dependable parameter to detect a leak. This study has utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in 4m length of pipe with a diameter of 0.1m to have some insight into some parameters to study the flow characteristics surrounding virtual minor leaks. The parameter that is being considered in this study is pressure, velocity and turbulence kinetic energy. In all the parameters studied, the best possible leak detection parameter is identified. The CFD analysis is focused on a steady-state simulation of turbulent flow that was carried out in various setups in outlet pressure. Based on the CFD simulation, the pressure was found to be the most accurate and reliable parameter for detecting leakage due to the consistent trend in pressure data value in leakage and the graph plotted at the position along the pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines a complex of problems associated with the formation of stable ties between remote territorial formations of a large urban agglomeration, presents the issues of strategic development of large agglomerations in conjunction with individual tactical problems, requires the need to use new modern methods of attracting private capital in the regions and the transition from the corresponding resources of the state and the state. the private sector to modern mechanisms based on public-private partnerships. The undoubted advantage of the article is the proposal of a new method for choosing the most optimal type of parking, which is based on an assessment of the choice of the type of parking taking into account the social factor. Also, in order to take into account, the factor, the article proposes an assessment of social indicators characterizing the attitude to different types of parking lots of motorists and the population on the basis of calculating the local optimality coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]