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The prime objective of this research is to explore the impacts of import and export diversification and renewable energy on environmental footprints. In doing so, the authors employ the data of trade diversification, income inequality, renewable energy, and ecological footprints for 17 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries covering the period of 1995–2019. In econometric framework, the authors use two baseline empirical models based on key indicators such as trade (exports and imports) diversification index, income inequality, renewable energy, and globalization. The empirical analysis from both specifications suggests a cointegrating relation between the key variables of interest. The Long-run empirical estimates from FMOLS, and DOLS methods indicate that income inequality and import diversification increase ecological issues while globalization and exports diversification abate it. Further analysis through Granger causality highlights unilateral causal relationships running from renewable energy consumption to imports diversification, and from ecological footprint to imports diversification. The conclusions of this study stress the importance of harmonic policies, synchronization in trade, energy and resource consumption in achieving sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile protocol is described for the synthesis of benzil derivatives from readily accessible diarylacetylene derivatives using the NH 4 I/EtOCS 2 K system. This novel protocol results in excellent chemoselectivity and provided good to excellent yields. A control experiment indicated that the reaction proceeds via NH 4 I promoted EtOCS 2 K dimerization to give the corresponding dixanthogen and subsequent dixanthogen assisted oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative explanation on the improved mechanical properties of aligned electrospun polyimide (PI) nanofibers as the increased imidization temperatures is highly required. In this work, polarized FT-IR spectroscopy is applied to solve this problem. Based on the polarized FT-IR spectroscopy and the molecular model in the fibers, the length of the repeat unit of PI molecule, the angle between the fiber axis and the symmetric stretching direction of carbonyl group on the imide ring, and the angle between the PI molecular axis and fiber axis are all investigated. The Mark-Howink equation is used to calculate the number-average molar mass of PI molecules. The orientation states of PI molecules in the electrospun nanofibers are studied from the number-average molar mass of PI molecules and the average fiber diameter. Quantitative analysis of the orientation factor of PI molecules in the electrospun nanofibers is performed by polarized FT-IR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel o-carborane derivative incorporating 4-amino-phthalimide as fluorophore group 1,2-bis(4-amino-phthalimidomethyl)-1,2-dicarba–closo-dodecaborane has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The new compound is found to emit green light. Incorporation of o-carborane cluster into the fluorophore leads to a small bathochromic shift of λ abs and λ em and a slight enhancement of quantum yield. The cross-linked polymer bearing o-carborane cage is prepared based on heat-curing reaction of the o-carborane appended 4-amino-phthalimide with epoxy resin. The polymer exhibits yellow-green emission property and excellent thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a serious information gap between different life-cycle stages and different BIM platforms, semantic enrichment (SE) for BIM is an important solution to address this issue. Therefore, semantically rich BIM models are of great significance for efficient construction management and BIM is facing higher semantic requirements. It is necessary to conduct SE for BIM according to the requirements of specific domains. There is still a lack of in-depth analysis and summary of the content, methods, and applications of SE for BIM in different stages during the life cycle of facilities, therefore this paper gives a comprehensive review of SE for BIM to analyze the status quo and trends from content, methods, and applications. The content and four methods of SE for BIM are summarized. The pros, cons, and applicability of each method are analyzed. Applications of SE for BIM in the life cycle of facilities are discussed comprehensively. Finally, this paper discusses the enabling technologies, Level of Development (LOD) and SE for BIM, and presents research gaps and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renovation of existing buildings provides an opportunity to change the layout to meet the needs of facilities and accomplish sustainability in the built environment at high utilisation rates and low cost. However, building renovation design is complex, and completing architectural design schemes manually needs more efficiency and overall robustness. With the use of computational optimisation, automatic architectural design (AAD) can efficiently assist in building renovation through decision-making based on performance evaluation. This paper comprehensively analyses AAD's current research status and provides a state-of-the-art overview of applying AAD technology to building renovation. Besides, gaps and requirements of using AAD for building renovation are explored from quantitative and qualitative aspects, providing ideas for future research. The research shows that there is still much work to be done to apply AAD to building renovation, including quickly obtaining input data, expanding optimisation topics, selecting design methods, and improving workflow and efficiency. • Providing a state-of-the-art overview of applying AAD technology to building renovation. • Presenting a comprehensive classification of automatic architectural design methods. • Analyzing the research field from functionality, energy-related performance, and economy. • Identifying current gaps and providing requirements for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical properties of polyimide (PI) electrospun nanofibers could be improved by increasing imidization temperatures. However, the intrinsic mechanism on this phenomenon is highly required, which is helpful to improve mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers by external thermal treatment. In this work, single electrospun PI nanofibers (SNF-PI) with different imidization temperatures were prepared. The nanofiber morphology was studied by SEM and AFM and the mechanical properties were measured by single fiber micro-tensile test. Polarized Raman Spectroscopy was applied to determine the PI molecular orientation in SNF-PI. The molecular orientation factor provides directly explanation on the effect of imidization temperatures on the mechanical properties of SNF-PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospun polyimide (PI) nanofibers possessed high tensile strength (δ), but the breaking load (BL) is very small. It is also a challenge to prepare electrospun PI microfibers from the PAA precursor in high boiling point solvents. In this work, PI microfibers with diameter more than 2 μm were prepared from their PAA-salt in water mixed with low boiling point solvent, such as ethanol. The single electrospun PI microfiber (S-EPIMF) showed excellent mechanical properties with BL, δ, modulus and tensile strain of 4872 μN, 1064 MPa, 5.6 GPa and 15.7%, respectively. The high BL allows a single electrospun PI microfiber even be able to hold a 0.5 g metal ring. The superior mechanical properties of the electrospun PI microfibers could be attributed to the high molecular orientation and crystallinity in the fibers, and the high BL is due to the large diameter of the electrospun PI microfibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High mechanical performance materials at high temperature are highly desired for the materials used in high temperature industries. This study reports the aligned electrospun polyimide nanofiber belt (A-PI-NFB) fabricated from the electrospinning followed with imidization. The A-PI-NFB showed increased mechanical and thermal mechanical properties as increasing the imidization temperature. At room temperature, the A-PI-NFB imidized at 450 °C (A-PI-NFB-450) had the highest tensile strength (689 MPa) and E modulus (13.2 GPa). The thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that A-PI-NFB-450 possessed 80% tensile strength and 90% modulus when heated at 300 and 350 °C in N 2 , respectively. These excellent properties made A-PI-NFB good candidates for use in high temperature filtration, protective clothes etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Heat-resistant electrospun PBO nanofibers were prepared from precursor OH-PAA. [•] The obtained PBO nanofibers are thermally stable up to 643°C. [•] The obtained PBO nanofibers have excellent mechanical properties. [•] PBO nanofibers have retention of tensile strength and modulus over 80% at 350°C. [•] Such heat-resistant PBO nanofibers could be used in high temperature fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work highlights the usage of short electrospun fibers for the first time for the preparation of homogeneous polymer nanofiber/polymer composites and the improvement in mechanical properties by an order to magnitude compared to as-electrospun long and continuous nanofibers. Dispersions of short electrospun nanofibers can be processed by liquid processing techniques resulting in nanofiber nonwovens similar to electrospun nonwovens but is independent from the demands of the electrospinning process is one of the emphasis of this work. The re-formation of electrospun fiber nonwovens by dispersion casting of short electrospun polyimide (PI) nanofibers and the preparation of homogeneous polymer/polymer nanofiber composite films were selected as representative examples for showing the versatility of short electrospun fibers. The self-reinforced PI/PI-short nanofiber composite films were obtained from mixtures of short electrospun PI nanofibers and polyamic acid after imidization. Significant improvement of 53% and 87% in mechanical properties like tensile strength and modulus, respectively in comparison to the neat PI film was observed by using just 2wt% of short fibers. Parallel experiments were also carried out with long and continuous electrospun PI fibers and amazingly a huge difference was observed. The amount of continuously long fibers required for achieving almost the same strength was much higher i.e. 38wt% in comparison to the 2wt% required of short fibers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The use of small amounts (<5wt%) of short nylon-6 nanofibers (diameter less than 200nm) for reinforcing mechanical properties of TPU without losing its optical properties is highlighted in this work. The interaction of H-bonding type between the reinforcing fibers and the matrix polymer could provide a homogenous distribution of fibers and a strong interface leading to significant enhancement in mechanical properties (185% increase in E modulus) as shown by comparative use of TPU and PMMA as matrix polymers. The reinforcing effect of short fibers was attained without sacrificing transparency (>90% transparency in 400–800nm range) of TPU. The effective use of short nylon-6 fibers in comparison to the long and continuous fibers is also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Recalcitrant DOMs were accumulated from tributaries to the main stem. • Non-normalized absorption coefficients accurately retrieved DOC concentrations. • DOM largely originated from autochthonous inputs in the headwater tributary. • The abundance of young DOM increased along the flow direction. • DOM dynamics responded to the generalized conceptual framework of the RCC. River acts as a continuum of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transport and transformation. However, underlying controls of fluvial DOM spatiotemporal variability has yet to be revealed. Here, we explored the DOM component, molecular weight and source in the Longchuan River, a headwater tributary of the Yangtze with Karst characteristic. Concentrated rainfall, severe soil erosion and in-situ metabolism primarily controlled DOM component and molecular weight in the Karst river, resulting in accumulation of recalcitrant (high molecular weight) DOMs from tributaries to the main stem in the post-wet period. We found a robust relationship between DOM absorption coefficients (a 280 and a 350) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations from a multiple linear regression model: [DOC] = 0.098a 285 + 0.591a 350 + 1.337 (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.001). High fluorescence index (FI) values (>1.9) indicated a dominant origin of autochthonous DOM. Biological index (BIX) values exhibited an increasing trend along the flow direction, suggesting a large amount of recently produced DOM from phytoplankton downstream. Our findings demonstrated that both allochthonous and autochthonous inputs regulated DOM dynamics in a river continuum with Karst characteristic, highlighting spatiotemporal variability of DOM response to River Continuum Concept (RCC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tantalum carbide has been widely used as an excellent refractory material. However, there are no reports regarding the continuous tantalum carbide-carbon nanofibers (TaC/CNFs) and their mechanical and electrical properties. In this work, TaC/CNFs were prepared by electrospinning. The morphology and structures of the nanofibers and the distribution of TaC in the nanofibers were investigated by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The TaC/CNFs showed excellent thermal stability, mechanical flexibility and conductivity even after folding for 180 cycles. These flexible, refractory and conductive TaC/CNFs could be found potential applications for flexible electronic devices and refractory materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the dependence on fossil energy products, natural fiber/polymer hybrid composites have been increasingly researched. The high price of the quartz optical fibers and glass optical fibers has greatly inspired researchers to engage in the research on polymer optical fibers. Herein, transparent fibers based on plant fibers were innovatively prepared for the first time by delignification and impregnating epoxy diluted with acetone. The epoxy improved the thermal stability of the fiber without deteriorating its mechanical properties, and also endowed the fiber with the property of transparency. The tensile strength of transparent fibers of three diameters were 34.5, 58.6 and 100.3 MPa, respectively and the corresponding Young's modulus reached 1.1, 1.7 and 2.3 GPa, respectively. In addition, the light-conducting properties of transparent fibers were displayed with a green laser and the fibers displayed good light transmission along the fiber growth direction. Transparent fibers are expected to be used in optical fibers because of their high thermal stability, good mechanical properties and light-conducting properties. • Using acetone as diluent skillfully solves the difficulty of epoxy impregnation in rattan fiber. • Transparent fibers based on natural cellulosic fibers were successfully prepared for the first time. • The composite fibers possessed high thermal stability, good mechanical properties and light-conducting properties. • The transparent composite fibers have the potential to be used as the core material of optical fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanomaterials are highly-promising in the quest for a next-generation of food toxicity sensors. • Exploiting NIR photoluminescence for food security assessment is effective in detecting inorganic and organic contaminants. • Perspectives and challenges concerning the use of NIR photoluminescence for food safety detection are discussed. Acknowledged by the World Health Organisation (WHO), over 200 diseases ranging from mild to fatal are linked to the consumption of food products subjected to physical, chemical, or biological contamination. Nevertheless, conventional methods commonly used for the identification of health hazards in foodstuffs have problems coping with the sensitivity requirements imposed by latest-hour regulations in the field. Additionally, their use and availability is wildly limited by aspects such as instrument dimension, prohibitive costs, detection complexity and required operational knowledge. This review provides an overview of recent efforts that have focused on the assesment of food contamination based on near infrared (NIR) photoluminescent sensors. Important endeavors that have targeted the precise detection of various inorganic and organic contaminants, including hydrogen sulfide, cyanide anions, mycotoxins, antibiotic residues, etc., are presented and relevant challenges that lie en route as stumbling blocks for such sensors to reach the next level of maturity and to become more available, are systematically discussed and enunciated. Ingenious food contamination sensors that rely on conventional or up-conversion photoluminescence in the NIR region represent an emerging topic. To date, such sensors have been demonstrated as promising detection candidates, possessing important advantages such as: high efficiency, facile implementation, and convenient flexibility, thereby promising significant contributions to expand the current state of the art in food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium carbides are well-known for their outstanding mechanical and thermal stabilities. However, the studies on the mechanical properties and the conductivity of titanium carbide–carbon nanofibers (TiC/CNF) are missing. This work prepared TiC/CNF by electrospinning and highlighted the high modulus of single TiC/CNF, the flexibility and the excellent electrical conductivity of TiC/CNF felt even under 100 bending cycles. This flexible TiC/CNF felt with distinguished mechanical and electrical properties are promising to apply in titanium matrix composites (TMC), efficient catalyst scaffolds and electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crosslinked poly(ST- co -DVB- co -NaSS) latex nanoparticles (LNPs) with average particle size were used as template to prepare porous carbonized electrospun nanofibers (CENFs) with pore size about 10 nm on the surface and inside by electrospinning and carbonization. The porous CENFs without and with MWCNTs exhibited high specific surface area of 505 and 535 m 2 /g and high mesoporosity percentage of 80% and 84% respectively. The porous CENFs as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors in 1 M H 2 SO 4 showed a specific capacitance of 235 F/g while the addition of MWCNTs led to an increase to 262 F/g. These free-standing and binder-free mesoporous CENFs with outstanding capacitance could be good candidates as electrode materials for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by creatures, abundant stimulus-responsive hydrogel actuators with diverse functionalities have been manufactured for applications in soft robotics. However, constructing a shape memory and self-sensing bilayer hydrogel actuator with high mechanical strength and strong interfacial bonding still remains a challenge. Herein, a novel bilayer hydrogel with a stimulus-responsive TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (TOCN/PNIPAM) layer and a non-responsive TOCN/polyacrylamide (TOCN/PAM) layer is proposed as a thermosensitive actuator. TOCNs as a nano-reinforced phase provide a high mechanical strength and endow the hydrogel actuator with a strong interfacial bonding. Due to the incorporation of TOCNs, the TOCN/PNIPAM hydrogel exhibits a high compressive strength (~89.2 kPa), elongation at break (~170.7 %) and tensile strength (~24.0 kPa). The prepared PNIPAM/TOCN/PAM hydrogel actuator performs the roles of an encapsulation, jack, temperature-controlled fluid valve and temperature-control manipulator. The incorporation of Fe3+ further endows the bilayer hydrogel actuator with a synergistic performance of shape memory and temperature-driven, which can be used as a temperature-responsive switch to detect ambient temperature. The PNIPAM/TOCN/PAM-Fe3+ conductive hydrogel can be assembled into a flexible sensor and generate sensing signals when driven by temperature changes to achieve real-time feedback. This research may lead to new insights into the design and manufacturing of intelligent flexible soft robots. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a convenient photothermal material, polydopamine (PDA) has been widely utilized in wood-based evaporators. However, the loading conditions of polydopamine on biomass bulk materials have not been systematically studied. In this paper, the suitable reaction conditions of polydopamine were studied with rattan as the substrate, and a reference for the improvement of the loading conditions was proposed. The polydopamine-loaded rattan-based evaporator (PDA-R) prepared on this basis exhibits excellent working stability due to the unique large-scale hierarchical porous structure of rattan. In addition to excellent salt resistance and cycle performance (evaporation rate decays by 5.1% after 30 cycles), the larger-aperture channel (200–450 μm) also brings better adaptability to salinity changes than polydopamine-loaded basswood-based evaporator (PDA-BW) (the attenuation coefficient of PDA-R is 6.2%, while the attenuation coefficient of PDA-BW is 16.3%). All of these indicate the broad prospects of polydopamine-loaded rattan-based evaporator as a multi-effect treatment scheme of brine. [Display omitted] • Loading conditions of polydopamine on biomass block material is systematic studied. • PDA-R has excellent salt resistance and cycling performance in high salinity brines. • PDA-R has great adaptability to salinity changes. • The effect of uniformly dense pore size of the substrate on salinity adaptability of evaporator is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials derived from low-cost biomass materials have attracted widespread attention. Herein, a novel biomass‑carbon with porous array structures derived from waste soybean dregs is prepared by a hydrothermal method combined with heat treatment using formaldehyde and KOH as activators. The as-prepared biomass‑carbon with significantly enhanced specific surface area can possess more charge transmission paths, increased multiple reflections and scattering, multiple loss modes, and improved impedance matching, leading to the improvement of EMW absorption performances. The obtained single-component biomass‑carbon without any functional fillers exhibits an effective EMW absorption capability with a wide absorption bandwidth of 4.8 GHz at a thickness of 3.5 mm. This study will provide a valuable approach for the preparation of biomass‑carbon based EMW absorption materials with controllable porous structures by the activation process. [Display omitted] • High-performance single-component biomass carbon derived from soybean dregs • Unique porous array structures formed through an activation process. • Effective EMW absorption capability with a wide absorption bandwidth of 4.8 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing lightweight and porous adsorbents which can effectively remove dye contaminants is of great significance in the field of the sewage treatment. In this work, anisotropic cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite sponges assisted by rectorites are fabricated through directional freeze-drying. The resulted composite sponge exhibits the superior saturated adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of 120.0 mg/g and 96.1% for methylene blue (MB), respectively, which is better than the pure CNF sponge and rectorite powders. This is attributed to the strong electrostatic interaction between CNFs and MB, and good cation exchange property of rectorites inside the three-dimensional (3D) highly porous composite sponge. The MB adsorption process of the composite sponge fits to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model well, which is affected by both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion, resulting in a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 214.6 mg/g. Moreover, it also possesses a selective adsorption capacity for anionic and cationic dyes, which is expected to realize the separation treatment of different dyes according to actual application requirements. [Display omitted] • Anisotropic CNF/rectorite composite sponge by directional freeze-drying. • Superior MB adsorption capacity and removal rate of 120.0 mg/g and 96.1%. • Selective adsorption and separation capacity for anionic and cationic dyes. • Detailed evaluation of the adsorption behavior and mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-phase nanocomposite with outstanding dielectric properties was prepared via electrospinning and hot-pressing, by which multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were homogeneously dispersed in polyimide (PI) matrix and separated by the BaTiO 3 particles (BTPs). The fairly enhanced dielectric properties were due to synergistic enhancing of the ferroelectric ceramic filler BTPs and conductive filler MWCNTs. The investigation shows that the dielectric permittivity of the as-fabricated three-phase nanocomposites with 40 vol% BTPs and 10 vol% MWCNTs loads is as high as 1061.98 at 100 Hz with a lower dielectric loss of 0.23, and the corresponding energy storage density is 4.773 J/cm 3 , 11 times that of the pure polyimide. The three-phase nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric properties also show excellent thermal properties and will be attractive in application in modern microelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Copolymers, poly(acrylonitrile-co-monobutylitaconate-co-n-butylacrylate) (copolyacrylonitrile, co-PANs) with different content of monobutyl itaconate (MBI) were synthesized by free radical polymerization and then electrospun into aligned nanofibers. After thermal treatments of stabilization, carbonization, and graphitization, the resulting aligned co-PAN nanofibers were converted to aligned electrospun carbon nanofiber bundles (ECNFB) with diameters of approximately 200nm. FT-IR technique was applied to investigate the stabilization process of co-PAN nanofibers, while XRD, TEM and tensile tester were used to characterize the microstructures and mechanical properties of the ECNFB. The measured results revealed that MBI was a fairly useful comonomer for preparing high performance PAN-based CNFs by improving the stabilization of co-PAN nanofibers and by promoting the formation of ordered graphite crystals in the ECNFB. When the content of MBI unit in co-PAN was 5wt%, the aligned ECNFB exhibited a tensile strength of up to 1.8GPa and a Young׳s modulus of up to 97.0GPa, which is 86% and 67% higher than those of the ECNFB previously reported in our group respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • A novel 3D COF (SPB-HHTP-DBF) is synthesized, as the first introduction of spiroborate structures into environmental engineering. • Major cationic dyes including methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG) removal of 99% within 10 min. • Highly selective separation of cationic dyes from mixed anionic/cationic dye solutions, advanced adsorption capacity and reliable cycling stability. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are undergoing a period of rapid development of novel structures and diverse functions. Ionic COFs have been applied in environmental engineering due to their porous, robust and charged skeleton, making it necessary to expand the family of ionic frameworks. Based on an in-situ functionalization strategy, we report a new 3D anionic COF constructed by the linker 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP), linkage spiroborate (SPB) and counter cation [ n -Bu 2 NH 2 ]+ (DBA). Anionic spiroborate centers are distributed in a 4-fold interpenetrated network of srs topology, constituting a stable crystalline structure. The framework has been used for adsorption of charged dyes and present rapid cationic dyes removal(over 99 % within 10 min), effective adsorption capacities for methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG) (maximum values of 892 mg g−1, 1632 mg g−1 and 457 mg g−1, respectively), impressive molecular sieving selectivity (little absorption of anionic dyes) and good recycle performance (no removal loss for at least 5 cycles). In addition, the adsorption behaviors of isotherm and kinetic are discussed. This study not only reveals a new strategy for constructing ionic 3D COFs, but also contributes to their development for environmental engineering related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance porous polyimide (PI) monoliths, including PI aerogels, sponges, and foams, have become one of the hotspots in both researching and applications due to their superior properties such as high porosity, outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, low dielectric constant and thermal conductivity. Up to now, various fabricating methods and applicating situations for PI porous monolith materials have been reported. From the viewpoint of molecular chemistry, porous structure construction, as well as the functional modification, the property optimization and adjustment are feasible, endowing PI monoliths with promising potential for different practical applications (e.g. sensors, low-k materials, thermal management, energy field and utilization, absorption and filtration, photonic utilization, etc.). In this review, the recent progress of porous PI monoliths was summarized in detail based on the fabrication methods, functional modifications, as well as multi-functional applications. Besides, the future perspectives of this field were also provided for reference. Apart from presenting an overview of progress made in the field of PI porous monoliths, this review could also be meaningful for those researching topics which have similarity within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the burgeoning interest in multifunctional superhydrophobic wood-based composites (SWBCs) for their varied applications and the need for improved environmental resilience, recent efforts focus on enhancing their utility by integrating features such as mechanical and chemical stability, self-healing capabilities, flame resistance, and antimicrobial properties. Research indicates that various external conditions can influence the wettability and additional characteristics of SWBCs. This comprehensive review outlines three critical factors affecting SWBCs' performance: synthesis methods, wood taxonomy, and chemical agents. It further provides a detailed overview of SWBCs' specific attributes, including essential qualities for diverse applications and the limitations posed by different contexts. Additionally, it elaborates on performance evaluation techniques, offering a foundational framework for SWBCs' practical application. This work aims to serve as an important resource for future research and development in SWBC engineering. [Display omitted] • Preparation mechanism of superhydrophobic wood-based composites. • Factors affecting superhydrophobic wood-based composites. • Methods for evaluating superhydrophobic wood-based composites properties. • Challenges and directions for future development to achieve industrialization are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials becomes an urgent concern in the field of electromagnetic protection. Constructing porous framework is an efficient approach to MA owing to the abilities of adjusting impedance matching and providing more reflection and scattering paths for electromagnetic waves. Herein, a cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/honeycomb-like carbon-shell encapsulated FeCoNi@C/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite aerogel was fabricated via a facile freeze-drying method. The super-lightweight composites showed a distinctive gradient structure for reflection and scattering inside aerogel pores, micrometer small pores, and nano-fillers on the pore walls. The composite aerogel showed an ideal minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −43.6 dB and remarkable adjustable effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 12.18 GHz due to good impedance matching, unique gradient porous structure, and synergies of multiple loss mechanisms. Therefore, this work will provide a viable strategy to improve the MA capability of absorbers by taking full advantage of constructing gradient reflection and scattering porous structure. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two basic design strategies for 3D COFs: high valency and functionalization. • 3D COFs: building blocks, topology, linkage, and PSM strategy. • Applications in adsorption and separation, catalysis, stimulus response, conduction and energy storage. • The challenges and opportunities are proposed for future research. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous crystalline organic materials. The dynamic chemistry of covalent bonding and the applications of COFs have made great progress already. Three-dimensional (3D) COFs have attracted much attention in recent years because of their more diverse spatial structures and interconnected pore properties. High valency and functionalization are two key strategies of 3D COFs design, including the development of building blocks, topology, linkage and post synthetic modification strategy. As a result, the diversity of COF spatial structures is significantly extending and various applications in energy, environment, biology and chemical catalysis are developing. In this review, we summarized the recent articles about 3D COFs in the field of framework design, function development and applications, and put forward the critical strategies and comment, the future perspectives of the field are also prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Self-supporting tree skeleton and densely stackable phenolic resin are cleverly coupled together by a "rebar-concrete" structure. The thick electrode as a master of space utilization has extremely high areal and volumetric energy density. This work confirms the effective coupling of the self-supporting skeleton and powder materials, providing novel ideas for the preparation of thick electrodes with high mass loading. • A "rebar-concrete" structure is proposed to facilitate the high space utilization of thick electrodes. • The areal capacitance of the thick electrode reaches an astonishing 11F cm−2. • The assembled SSC device delivers competitive areal energy density of 0.63 mWh cm−2. The thick electrode design with high packing density of active materials can increase the capacity in a limited space. However, the key challenge is still to develop a system with high space utilization and ensure electron/ion transport in thick electrode. This work proposes an interesting "rebar-concrete" structure, which successfully prepared wood/phenolic resin-derived thick electrode with high space utilization by in-situ polymerization of phenolic resin (concrete) in the wood (rebar) channel. The electrode exhibits an excellent three-dimensional interconnected hierarchical pore structure due to the uniform activation of in-situ anchored KOH particles. The mass loading (35 mg cm−2) and areal capacitance (11F cm−2) of the obtained composite electrode are increased to 446 % and 1257 % of the original balsa wood, respectively. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) exhibits a high energy density of 0.63 mWh cm−2 (3.91 mWh cm−3) and an excellent cycle stability (95 % retention after 50 000 cycles), showing good practicability in lighting LEDs or driving a fan. This strategy achieves effective coupling of self-supporting skeleton and powder materials, providing more insights and possibilities for the preparation of high energy density thick electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, electromagnetic pollution caused by the development of communication technology and electronic equipment has become an urgent problem to be solved. It is an effective solution to design high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) materials with wide-band and powerful absorption characteristics for electromagnetic protection. In this work, a multi-scale MXene/carbon nanotube@Fe 3 O 4 composite material with a heterogeneous structure was synthesized by a solvothermal method, and the high/low-frequency EWA operating bands were adjusted by component regulation. The composite material performed excellent EWA performances based on the synergistic effect of polarization loss, conductive and magnetic loss, and three-dimensional heterointerfaces. Its minimum reflection loss reached − 59.95 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.7 GHz (13.3–18 GHz), which basically covered the Ku band. Therefore, this feasible scheme is expected to provide an effective strategy for controlling military and civil electromagnetic pollution. [Display omitted] • A facile preparation method of MXene-based multiscale composites was proposed. • Military/civil EWA operating frequency bands were adjusted by component regulation. • A superior RL min value of − 59.95 dB was obtained based on complex loss mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Review summarized and analyzed the modification strategies and application directions of ZIF-67 in photocatalysis. [Display omitted] • An introduction to the structure and properties of ZIF-67 is provided. • The synthetic pathways of ZIF-67 and its derivatives are summarized. • The regulation mechanism and improvement strategy of photocatalytic performance are discussed. • Pioneering and interdisciplinary application in the field of photocatalysis based on ZIF-67. • Application prospects and challenges of ZIF-67 in photocatalysis. Cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (Co-ZIF) have attracted intensive interest in multivariate applications because of their high specific surface area and presence of great active sites. At present, most of the reviews on ZIF-67 focus on electrocatalysis and degradation. This review mainly discusses the application of ZIF-67 and its derivatives in photocatalysis to fill the gap in this field. The structural properties of ZIF-67 and the preparation methods of ZIF-67-derived materials are firstly introduced. Subsequently, we summarize the strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of ZIF-67, such as ion doping, construction of heterojunctions, and solution etching. Thirdly, the recent applications of ZIF-67 and its derivatives in photocatalysis, such as CO 2 reduction, H 2 production, degradation, and antibacterial are discussed. Finally, the Review summarizes the current development status of ZIF-67 in photocatalysis and provides an outlook on its future development trend and development constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, nanogenerator as a green energy collection technology has attracted great attention in various fields. Specifically, the natural renewable nanocellulose as a raw material can significantly improve the environmental friendliness of the nanocellulose-based nanogenerators, which also makes the nanocellulose based nanogenerators expected to further develop in areas such as wearable devices and sensor networks. This paper mainly reports the application of nanocellulose in nanogenerator, focusing on the sensor. The types, sources and preparation methods of nanocellulose are briefly introduced. At the same time, the special structure of nanocellulose highlights the advantages of nanocellulose in nanogenerators. Then, the application of nanocellulose-based nanogenerators in sensors is introduced. Finally, the future development prospects and shortcomings of this nanogenerator are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we used a one-pot method to fabricate a novel MOF-on-MOF adsorbent, namely MOF(Zr)-on-MOF(Ce). The adsorbent demonstrated a high maximum fluoride-ions capture capacity of 164.47 mg g−1. The morphology, elemental distribution, pore size distribution, and thermal stability were studied using SEM-EDS, XRD, BET, and TGA. The influence of the temperature, solution pH, fluoride concentration, and coexisting ions was explored using intermittent experiments. The results suggested that MOF(Zr)-on-MOF(Ce) had a fast capture rate for fluoride. MOF(Zr)-on-MOF(Ce) maintained an excellent fluoride removal performance over a wide pH range with an initial fluoride concentration of 20 mg L−1. The optimal effect was obtained at a pH of 4, but a high removal efficiency of 94% was maintained even at a pH of 9. Interference experiments showed that only the PO 4 3– had an adverse inhibition influence. The field experiments demonstrated that MOF(Zr)-on-MOF(Ce) can keep the safety threshold levels of fluoride in drinking water. The Langmuir and pseudo-second order kinetic models were well fitted for the defluoridation process, demonstrating that the adsorption of fluoride ions on MOF(Zr)-on-MOF(Ce) was dominated by monolayer chemisorption. With the further characterization and kinetic thermodynamic studies indicates that the removal mechanism involves ion exchange, electrostatic interactions and complexation effect. [Display omitted] • A novel MOF(Zr)-on-MOF(Ce) adsorbent were fabricated via one-pot methods for defluorination. • The maximum adsorption capacity of MOF(Zr)-on-MOF(Ce) was 164.47 mg g–1 for F ions. • The adsorbent had an excellent defluoridation performance with a wide pH range. • The mechanisms are ion-exchange, electrostatic interaction and complexation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible materials with high mechanical strength and good dielectric properties are highly desired for modern electronics. In this research, all-organic PVDF/PI nanofiber-reinforced composites were fabricated by layer-by-layer hot-pressing the random PVDF nanofibers and aligned co-PI nanofibers. Dielectric and mechanical properties of the PVDF/PI composites were investigated. Results showed that the mechanical properties were highly enhanced by the aligned co-PI nanofibers and the dielectric permittivity was inherited from the intrinsic good dielectric properties of PVDF. These all-organic PVDF/PI composites with excellent mechanical strength and good tunable permittivity can be used for flexible embedded capacitors and can be further employed as the polymer matrix for preparing high dielectric polymer–matrix composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose, as a nanoscale polymer material, has garnered significant attention worldwide due to its numerous advantages including excellent biocompatibility, thermal stability, non-toxicity, large specific surface area, and good hydrophilicity. Various methods can be employed for the preparation of nanocellulose. Traditional approaches such as mechanical, chemical, and biological methods possess their own distinct characteristics and limitations. However, with the growing deterioration of our living environment, several green and environmentally friendly preparation techniques have emerged. These novel approaches adopt eco-friendly technologies or employ green reagents to achieve environmental sustainability. Simultaneously, there is a current research focus on optimizing traditional nanocellulose preparation methods while addressing their inherent drawbacks. The combination of mechanical and chemical methods compensates for the limitations associated with using either method alone. Nanocellulose is widely used in wound dressings owing to its exceptional properties, which can accelerate the wound healing process and reduce patient discomfort. In this paper, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of each preparation method of nanocellulose and the research findings in recent years are introduced Moreover, this review provides an overview of the utilization of nanocellulose in wound dressing applications. Finally, the prospective trends in its development alongside corresponding preparation techniques are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A green and common method was proposed to prepare biomimetic actuators. • The PNPB actuator showed excellent multi-stimulus response and synergistic effect. • Anisotropic natural bamboo endowed the PNPB actuator programmable performance. • The PNPB actuator had application potential in complex environment. Hydrogel actuators with controllable deformation and excellent biocompatibility are widely used in soft robot, valve, drug delivery and lenses. However, the stimulation response performance of existing hydrogel actuators mostly focuses on a single active layer, which greatly affects its driving performance and service life. In this work, we integrate temperature-responsive hydrogel (Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), PNIPAM) and pH-responsive hydrogel (polyacrylic acid, PAAc) into one system to fabricate a dual active layer composite hydrogel actuator with high performance. Based on the PAAc hydrogels achieving contract or expand at different pH values, the obtained actuator exhibits admirable bidirectional bending characteristics. In addition, the anisotropic bamboo sheet endows the hydrogel actuator with programmable 3 D complex deformation. Benefitting from the synergy and different responsiveness between the two active layers, the hydrogel actuator not only has multiple response performance, but also greatly improves its deformation degree and response speed. More importantly, these promising properties of the actuator have broad application prospects in the development of pattern design and intelligent switch. This work proposes a promising strategy for the structural design of hydrogel actuators with excellent performance, and encourages more exploration of the application range of the actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absorption performance of broadband electromagnetic waves is of utmost importance in safeguarding diverse electronic equipment against electromagnetic wave pollution, necessitating materials with low density, thin thickness, and cost-effectiveness to be employed. This study presents the successful synthesis of biomass-derived carbon (BC) composites via the hydrothermal method, utilizing moss coated with flower-like CuS. The CuS was uniformly dispersed on BC matrix, contribute to dipole polarization relaxation. The formation of heterogeneous interfaces between CuS and the BC phase resulted in significant polarization loss. Additionally, the wrinkled BC and flower like CuS constructed by nanosheets boosted scattering of electromagnetic wave due to its large specific surface area, which can provide additional channels for charge transfer and avail dissipation of electromagnetic wave energy. With an efficient absorption bandwidth (EAB) that encompasses the whole X band, the electromagnetic waves absorption (EMA) performance of CuS/BC composites was able to reach a minimum reflection loss of − 28.8 dB. • A simple preparation method of biomass-derived carbon (BC) composites was proposed. • The wrinkled BC and flower like CuS boosted scattering of electromagnetic wave. • The CuS/BC composites reached a superior minimum reflection loss of − 28.8 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous flower-like spherical MoS 2 /CNTs composites with worm-like interfaces were successfully fabricated by a simplified solvothermal reaction to achieve superb electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) properties. The microstructure characteristics, morphology features, EWA performance and associated mechanism of as-prepared specimen were systematically analyzed. The incorporation of MoS 2 resulted in the establishment of a 3D conductive network and a substantial augmentation of the heterogeneous interfaces between MoS 2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), thereby inducing an amplified conductance loss and polarization loss, respectively. Moreover, the fabrication of 3D architecture not only enhances the structural robustness of the composites, but also broadens the avenue for electromagnetic wave (EW) reflection and scattering, thus augmenting the absorption of EW energy. As a result of the synergistic effect of augmented attenuation capability as well as optimized impedance matching, the EWA performance of materials was outstanding, with a minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −52.1 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 1.93 GHz achieved at a thin thickness of 2.46 mm in the X band. This research will serve as a meaningful point of reference for exploring 3D flower-like spherical structure of EW absorber. [Display omitted] • 3D heterogeneous flower-like spherical MoS 2 /CNTs composites were prepared. • MoS 2 /CNTs composites have worm-like interfaces. • Superior EMA performance was achieved with minimum reflection loss was −52.1 dB. • The impedance matching and polarization loss was enhanced with MoS 2. • The electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorption are two important means to alleviate the increasingly severe electromagnetic (EM) pollution. However, the application areas of EMI shielding and microwave absorption are quite different, so integrating these two capabilities in the same material is a great challenge. Herein, multiple-scale polyurethane (PU) composite foams (CFs) assisted by tadpole-like carbon nanotube (CNT)@Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites were designed by a facile solvothermal and self-foaming method. By adjusting the CNT@Fe 3 O 4 loadings and ambient temperatures, the EM parameters and interface impedance matching of PU/CNT@Fe 3 O 4 CFs could be optimized, thus realizing the coexistence of EMI shielding and microwave absorption inside one same material. The resulting CF exhibited an effective minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −41.9 dB and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of ∼20 dB. Furthermore, the elevated temperatures within a range of −20-60 °C would stimulate the transformation of individual CF from microwave absorption towards EMI shielding capability and vice versa. This work will promote the development of intelligent EM compatible devices in the field of optional EM protection. [Display omitted] • Polyurethane composite foams assisted by multi-dimensional coral-like components • Reversibly switching microwave absorption towards EMI shielding capability • Outstanding and tunable temperature-stimulated EM protection ability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-1 and Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-2 magnetic microspheres with efficient dye wastewater treatment were successfully fabricated by functionalized electrosprayed Fe 3 O 4 /CS with epichlorohydrin and triethylenetetramine via a facile method. [Display omitted] • Two Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET microspheres were fabricated via electrospraying and followed by modification. • The Q m of Congo red by Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-1 and Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-2 were 1145.42 and 617.28 mg g−1 respectively. • The adsorbent had good recyclability and reusability performance. • The mechanisms are electrostatic attraction, hydrogen interaction as well as n-π interaction. Aquatic ecosystem contaminated by organic dyes is one of the most crucial issues plaguing people worldwide, while water remediation through adsorption technology is the most sustainable option. Herein, two chitosan-based adsorbents were successfully fabricated by a facile one-step method under alkaline condition via electrospraying technology, then the above two materials were cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and grafted triethylenetetramine to prepare two kinds magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-1 and Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-2 microspheres for remediation of anion dyes namely Congo red (CR) in wastewater respectively. The morphology features, structure, composition, thermal stability, and pore diameter of the two adsorbents were acquired by SEM coupled with EDX, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and BET. The adsorption behavior of Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-1 and Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-2 microspheres towards CR from water was systematically evaluated. The determined isoelectric points (pHpzc) of Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-1 and Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-2 are orderly 7.4 and 7.8. The results confirmed that the CR remediation process can be simulated by PSO kinetic model (R 2 > 0.995) along with Langmuir isotherm (R 2 > 0.998) with maximal CR adsorption amounts by Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-1 and Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-2 microspheres of 1145.42 and 617.28 mg g−1 at pH = 7 and T = 25 °C, respectively. The negative Δ G 0, positive Δ H 0 (28.65 and 8.02 kJ mol−1), and positive Δ S 0 (112.29 and 62.71 J mol−1 K−1) signified that the adsorption of CR onto Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-1 and Fe 3 O 4 /CS-ET-2 microspheres surface was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. After four consecutive cycles, both magnetic microspheres remained a superior CR removal performance, indicative of the stability and recyclability of the adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) might induce the dysfunction of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and impair the function of brains. But to the best of our knowledge, this conclusion was made by using laboratory animals or conventional nerve cell cultures; however, these models might not reflect the complex conditions of human brains. Recently, the development of 3D brain organoids (also known as organotypic cultures) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a platform to investigate the behaviors of human brains in vitro. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of MWCNTs to 3D brain organoids which expressed the cortical layer markers. It was shown that MWCNTs induced cytotoxicity to 3D brain organoids but not in dose-dependent manner. Exposure to high level of MWCNTs (64 μg/mL) reduced the levels of intracellular NO but increased superoxide. As the mechanism, 64 μg/mL MWCNTs significantly reduced the protein level of nNOS. The nNOS regulators nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proteins were significantly induced by MWCNTs, whereas Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) proteins were reduced particularly after exposure to low level of MWCNTs (16 μg/mL). The results from fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (MOST) confirmed the decrease of nNOS proteins, not only at the out-layers that directly contacted MWCNTs, but also at the inner-layers. Combined, our results suggested that MWCNTs could decrease nNOS activity by inducing oxidative stress and modulating NF-κB-KLF4 pathway. This study also showed the potential of 3D brain organoids in mechanism-based toxicology studies. Unlabelled Image • 3D brain organoids expressing different cortical layer markers were exposed to MWCNTs. • MWCNTs induced cytotoxicity to 3D brain organoids not in dose-dependent manner. • MWCNTs induced superoxide and decreased NO in 3D brain organoids. • MWCNTs modulated nNOS-NF-κB-KLF4 pathways in 3D brain organoids. • The decrease of nNOS was observed both at out-layers and inner-layers of organoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics not only bring convenience and color to human life, but also bring endless troubles and disaster to our environment. Reutilization of plastic wastes is in favor of energy conservation and emission reduction, thereby is a significant pathway of plastic wastes disposal. Carbonization is an effective way of converting polymer precursors to valuable carbon materials for use in fields of energy conversion and storage, environmental protection and restoration. Here, we present a systematic multi-perspective overview of carbonization as a feasible route of reutilization of plastic wastes. A brief summary of conventional routes for plastic wastes is followed by a brief introduction of carbonization for converting plastics to carbon materials. Special emphasis is paid on the carbonization pathways and mechanisms of common plastics. Finally, the feasibility, application prospect and challenge of carbonization as one method of reutilization of plastic wastes are proposed. By presenting a consolidated information source on different carbonization mechanisms, this review provides a valuable guideline for reutilization of plastic wastes by carbonization. Unlabelled Image • Carbonization as a feasible route of reutilization of plastic wastes is proposed. • Conventional routes for disposal of plastic wastes are summarized. • A brief introduction of carbonization for converting plastics to carbon materials is made. • The carbonization pathways and mechanisms of common plastics are summarized. • Feasibility, application prospect and challenge of carbonization are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution, the urgent demands for electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials are gradually developing towards performance integration and multi-dimensional scales. Herein, the enoki-like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with nickel particles (CNT@Ni) were synthesized by a catalytic thermal decomposition method. The resulting CNT@Ni composites exhibited excellent EMWA performances with a minimum reflection loss value of − 60.4 dB at a thickness of 2.97 mm. It benefited from the synergy of collaborative electrical and magnetic losses and hierarchical structure. The conductive pathways formed by the intertwined CNTs greatly improved the EMWA capacity of the material, enabling large amounts of electromagnetic waves to enter the material for conversion and dissipation. In addition, the inherent graphite defects and oxygen-containing groups formed on the material surface during the process of high-temperature treatment provided polarization centers for dipole polarizations. More importantly, the abundant heterogeneous interfaces enhanced the interface loss effects of the material. This simple preparation strategy of the CNT-based EMWA material will provide a design inspiration for the novel electromagnetic absorber. [Display omitted] • A simple preparation method of CNTs coated with nickel particles was proposed. • Enoki-like structures provided rich heterogeneous interfaces. • A superior RL min value of − 60.4 dB was obtained based on complex loss mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fluorine-tailed glass fiber materials with with varying fluorine-chain lengths were effectively prepared. • The FTGFs-4/6/8C exhibits a greater specific surface area and a more porosity compared to activated glass fiber. • FTGFs have stronger gas phase adsorption capacity, faster exchange rate and excellent cycling performance for PFASs. • PFASs bind to FTGFs through F-F interactions, which and are mainly chemisorption. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and their short-chain derivatives are contaminants found globally. Adsorption research on volatile perfluorinated compounds (VPFCs), which are the main PFCs substances that undergo transfer and migration, is particularly important. In this study, new fluorine-containing tail materials (FCTMs) were prepared by combining fluorine-containing tail organic compounds with modified glass fibers. The adsorption effects of these FCTMs were generally stronger than that of pure activated glass fibers without fluorine- tailed, with an adsorption efficiency of up to 86% based on F–F interactions. The results showed that the FCTMs had improved desorption efficiency and reusability, and higher adsorption efficiency compared with that of polyurethane foam. FTGF was applied to the active sampler, and the indoor adsorption of perfluorovaleric acid was up to 2.45 ng/m3. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm simulation results showed that the adsorption process of typical perfluorinated compounds conformed to the second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. Furthermore, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) results showed that the chemical shift in the fluorine spectrum was significantly changed by F–F interactions. This research provides basic theoretical data for the study of VPFCs, especially short-chain VPFCs, facilitating improved scientific support for the gas phase analysis of VPFCs in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Extremely high maximum instantaneous power density of 694 mW/m2. • Ideal electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of 34.54 dB. • Long-term thermal stability with fast response for warming or cooling processes. High-performance polymer-based functional materials have attracted tremendous interests in various applications. However, it is a challenge to integrate multiple functions without losing the advantages of being light, porous, green and so on. Herein, we designed a conductive aramid nanofiber (ANF)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/silver nanowire (AgNW) (ACA) composite aerogel film by directional freeze-drying and moderate compressing. The ACA aerogel film obtained an ideal electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of 34.34 dB while maintaining a high electrical conductivity of 10.81 S/m. On the other hand, the surface steady-state temperature of the aerogel film reached 111 °C under a low applied voltage of 1.6 V. More importantly, a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was assembled by ACA aerogel film and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. The open-circuit voltages, short-circuit currents, and maximum instantaneous power density of the TENG exhibited a spectacular value of 104 V, 1.52 μA, and 694 mW/m2, respectively, which could light up 23 LED lights at the same time. This novel multifunctional ACA aerogel film holds great application potentials for electromagnetic protection, energy harvesting, and thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, balsa wood, poplar wood, and birch wood were selected to systematically study precursors on the structure and Li-storage properties of wood-based hard carbon thick electrodes (WHCTEs). After carbonization, the densities of balsa, poplar, and birch carbon (Bal-W, Pop-W, and Bir-W) reach 99.29, 279.13, and 608.14 mg cm⁻3, respectively. The specific surface areas of Bal-W, Pop-W, and Bir-W are 798, 729, and 609 m2 g⁻1, respectively. Bal-W is rich in mesopores at 2–4 nm; Pop-W also has a certain amount of mesopores; while Bir-W has almost no mesopores but large numbers of micropores concentrated at 1.2 and 1.6 nm. In the battery test, due to the highest mass loading, Bir-W retained the largest remaining capacity among the three samples after 200 cycles at 1 mA cm⁻2. The remaining capacities of Bal-W, Pop-W, and Bir-W are 12.27, 34.15, and 41.03 Ah L⁻1, respectively. It is found that mass loading, specific surface area, and pore size distribution have a greater influence on the electrode capacity performance. In addition, the kinetic features of the Li-ion storage of WHCTEs were studied. This work may provide an important reference for the field of WHCTEs for alkali metal ion batteries and can promote its practical application. • The effect of precursor on wood-based carbon electrodes was systematically studied. • Denser precursor led to higher mass loading and more defective microstructure. • Hierarchical porosity facilitates the Li-ion storage performance of electrodes. • The kinetic features of the Li-ion storage of wood-based electrodes were studied. • The design orientation of wood-based electrodes was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High performance epoxy composites are highly required in many applications. In this work, polyimide electrospun nanofibers (PIENFs) with excellent thermal and mechanical properties were used to reinforce the epoxy matrix by a vacuum-assisted hot-pressing procedure. The morphologies of PIENFs and PI/epoxy composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) was used to characterize the thermal properties of PI/epoxy composites and calculated the actual weight amount of PIENFs in the composites. The effects of nanofiber amount and the degree of fiber alignment on the mechanical properties of PI/epoxy composites have been studied. Owing to the superior mechanical performance of PIENFs and the strong interfacial adhesion, the PI/epoxy composites presented significantly mechanical improvement as compared to the pure epoxy. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly selective double reductive aminations of aldehydes with anilines to give tertiary amines, in the presence of [RuCl 2 ( p -cymene)] 2 catalyst and PhSiH 3 , was performed under neat conditions. Piperidine derivatives were successfully synthesized by a double reductive amination followed by cyclisation from glutaric dialdehyde with anilines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Ce-La-MOFs were fabricated via hydrothermal methods for defluoridation. • The maximum adsorption capacity of Ce-La-MOFs was 138.64 mg g−1 for F ions. • The adsorbent had a high selectivity and a good adsorption performance for F−. • The defluorination mechanisms are ion-exchange and electrostatic adsorption. Ce-La-MOFs composites was fabricated via the hydrothermal method, and considered an adsorbent to remove fluoride from aqueous solutions, and its property for defluoridation was discussed in this work. This study evaluated the ideal preparation molar ratio, adsorption period, and initial fluoride concentration. The adsorption mechanism was deduced from the analysis of thermodynamics, kinetics models, and characterization (SEM, XRD, FTIR, EDS, BET, TG). Furthermore, the impact of co-existing ions on the removal efficiency and regeneration of adsorbents was investigated. The studies have shown that the optimum conditions for defluoridation by Ce-La-MOFs were pH close to 3.0, the molar ratio of lanthanum-nitrate, cerium-nitrate, and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (La: Ce: ATPA) equal to 3:1:2, the initial F− concentration of 10 mg L−1, and the adsorption time of 120 min. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency can exceed 90%. The interference experiments suggested that the adsorbent material was highly selective for F−. The existence of most additional ions has a limited influence on the adsorption capacity, with only a minimal amount having an inhibitory effect. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies unveiled that the adsorption procedure is well-fitted with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, and reaches a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 138.64 mg g−1 at 50 °C. The adsorption process involved the integration of ion exchange and electrostatic interaction mechanisms. The regeneration cycle experiments showed that the Ce-La-MOFs composites had a favorable regeneration ability. After four regenerations, the adsorption capacity still reached 36.25 mg g−1 with 73% removal efficiency at C 0 = 10 mg L–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]