1. Inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, and IVC-to-aorta ratio in healthy Caucasian children: Ultrasound Z-scores according to BSA and age
- Author
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Gaetana Anna Rispoli, Carmine Tinelli, Annalisa De Silvestri, Savina Mannarino, Alessia Claudia Codazzi, Silvia Chiapedi, Patrizia Bulzomì, and Federica Manzoni
- Subjects
Male ,Percentile ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Body Surface Area ,Vena Cava, Inferior ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Standard score ,Inferior vena cava ,White People ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reference Values ,medicine.artery ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Intravascular volume status ,Humans ,Aorta, Abdominal ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Body surface area ,Aorta ,business.industry ,Abdominal aorta ,Age Factors ,Infant ,Healthy Volunteers ,Confidence interval ,Italy ,medicine.vein ,Echocardiography ,Child, Preschool ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
The pediatric ultrasound measurement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and aorta (AO) with the study of the collapsibility index (CI) and of IVC-to-AO ratio (IVC/AO) can provide clinicians in the acute care setting with information on abnormal volume status but one of the major limitations is a lack of reference normal values by body surface area (BSA) and age. The aim of this study was to provide reference ranges for the sonographic measurement of IVC, AO, and IVC/AO ratio in healthy Caucasian Italian children.We enrolled prospectively 516 healthy Caucasian Italian children aged between 1 month and 16 years. Echocardiographic IVC and AO diameters were collected and presented separately for children aged ≤1 year and for children aged over 1 year. For children1 year we categorized subjects into 3 years classes. CI and IVC/AO for the systolic aortic diameter were then calculated. For children over 1 year, age reference ranges were age-related or BSA-related; for children of ≤1 year, reference ranges were determined with their 90% confidence intervals regardless of age and of BSA.Tables and charts with reference ranges for all the echocardiographic measurements are presented for children aged1 year according to age and BSA. The equations to obtain percentile and Z-score for each echocardiographic measurement are provided. The reference ranges for children aged ≤1 year are shown considering the small 90% confidence intervals for upper and lower limits. CI was 30% (SD 17%) in children1 year and 36% (SD 16%) in children1 year. IVC/AOs showed age-dependent values from 0.83 (SD 0.20) age1 year to 1.22 (SD 0.31) in older subjects.We report reliable reference ranges for echocardiographic measurement of IVC, AO, CI, and IVC/AO for a Caucasian Italian healthy pediatric population.
- Published
- 2019