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The subject of this paper is the Hans Mol’s sociology of religion, which is also known as the “identity theory of religion”. The aim of the paper is to show Hans Mol’s contributions based on the analysis and critical assumptions of the identity theory of religion. In order to shed light on contemporary social constellations that necessarily imply the presence of religion in the “public sphere”, the paper proves the plausibility and scientific usability of the identity theory of religion in the analysis of religion and its connection with identity, politics and culture. In accordance with the saying, the paper shows that the sociology of religion by Hans Mol in toto should be observed and understood in its own interpretative range. In this sense, identity theory of religion does not represent just one innovative platform for understanding religion as “sacralization of identity”; it must be understood in the context of its methodological and paradigmatic significance for the sociology of religion as a whole. For this reason, the paper highlights the theoretical coordinates of Hans Mol’s sociology of religion, which is found at the intersection of sociological, anthropological and secularization theories of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will consider Brandoms fundamental components of his undestanding of interesting concept of expresive rationality. I think it’s necessary, in orded to gain logical distinction of this concept, to analise and postulate basic meanings and parts of Brandoms philosophy. In this paper, we will interpret and explain the fundamental tenets of Robert Brandom’s intriguing concept of expressive rationality. Brandom, in his research on linguistic practices and their implications, approaches the topic from the perspective of inferentialism, a specific approach to the theory of meaning. Inferentialism is based on determining the meaning of expressions through their correspondence with other expressions. Brandom’s philosophy can be described using various terms, including the philosophy of inferentialism, the philosophy of intentionality, and logical expressivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will analyze geopolitical factors and systemic contradictions that contribute to the creation of imperialist practices. I will explain the concept of imperialism and the interweaving, as noted by David Harvey, of territorial logics and the molecular processes of capital, which points to the continued key role of the nation- state in the reproduction of the capitalist system. I will explain the multiple importance of imperialism, which is simultaneously a means of profitable realization, subjugation, systemic reparation, etc. Such a position requires re-examination of the role of the national state, its transformation and power relations within it, which opposes the views of its insignificance in the age of globalism. I will point out two conditions that generate the impotence of autonomous politics and its de-substantialization: the sub-political power of global capital, which is transformed into political influence through various mechanisms; the limitation and transcen-dence of the understanding of politics within the “methodological nationalism” that exists with the insistence on globalization. Finally, the paper touches on the responsibility and limitations of left-wing policies and their capitulation to the forces of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze conceptual metaphors used in social network communication. We focus on conceptual metaphors regarding the Covid-19 epidemics in Facebook status updates of the Italian minister of foreign affairs Luigi de Maio. Using a cognitive linguistics approach to text and based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory we analyze five metaphors: orientational metaphors, as well as the CURING THE VIRUS IS WAR, THE STATE IS A PROTECTOR, and FIGHTING THE VIRUS IS A GAME metaphors. Our main goal is to analyze the ways in which conceptual metaphors manifest and what their political goal is. We hypothesize that conceptual metaphors, seeing as we analyze a specific type of political discourse, are a part of a political machinery whose goal is the promotion of a single political party. Our research shows that conceptual metaphors have an ideological and a political purpose; further more they are completely adequate for the creation of political myths. The results of this paper can be further used in research on the analysis of (political) discourse, specific analysis of conceptual metaphors, and in more detailed research on the communi - cation about the 2020 Coronavirus outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the phenomen of snobbery as a all present form of value system in modern society. We can say that today’s world rests on a form of behavior which is, frankly speaking, dehumanized, narcissistic, and in desire of greater self-promotion, extremely materialized. Globalization and the accelerated flow of services, goods and people, have also contributed to this, creating a hybrid global culture and its associated values. Such circumstances are the basis for the creation of a worldview and way of life that is especially evident in the 21st century, the century of technology, when it is very easy to present a distorted and self-constructed version of oneself. The paper problematizes and actualizes, from a sociological and psychological point of view, the characteristics of the snob and his social position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is argued that symbolic interactionism and hermeneutics are possible strategies for the sociological determination of culture in the context of contemporary transformations of "cultural identities". The paper is based on the assumption that contemporary reflections on the sociological question of culture, due to the overemphasis of empirical research, have lost sight of some classic theoretical starting points that can be an important resource in determination and a better understanding of the general spiritual crisis of the modern world. With this idea in mind, the paper tries to accentuate two theoretical paradigms in the domains of their classical interpretation with the possibility of "strategic adjustment" of certain conceptual frameworks aimed at problematizing cultural reality on the "glocal" level. The paper in its various aspects is critical of the "Balkan" understanding of culture in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I talk about capitalist (neo)imperialism and its immanent connection with the basic social aspects of the (neo)liberal order. Starting from the ideas of David Harvey, I want to prove the connection of capitalism and its basic principles with the oligarchization of society and the imperialist practices that arise from such developments. I give a historical account of the origin and development of capitalist imperialism. I pay special attention to neoliberalism and the way it was formed, which is connected with the interests of the narrow strata. This necessarily entails a discussion of the role of the state and the real center of political decision-making. The central part of the paper, therefore, is focused on the analysis of the real social forces and the presentation of facts that support the thesis that the narrow economic elite is the real decision maker in the modern (neo)liberal capitalist society. By defining the narrow economic layer and giving the basic mechanisms of its reproduction, consolidation and ways of its solidarity, I explain the basic procedures that the political forces have undergone. I supplement the above stated with an explication of the ideological mechanisms of producing consent and legitimation of foreign imperialist operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its doctrinal and practical dimension, Sufism is an integral part of the tradition of Islam, which complements its spiritual, intellectual and cultural component. In this paper, I try to point out the field of Sufism through a phenomenological analysis of the (spiritual) Path, the doctrine and practice that are characteristic of the Sufi doctrine. In a rough outline, the paper sketches the fundamental contours of the metaphysics of Sufism which is deeply sedimented within each field of its historical realization. Such an approach follows references to some classical sources, but also to interpretative reviews offered in recent publications of some contemporary authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis of Fordism has resulted in the changed regime of accumulation, i.e. in the establishment of a new form of economy that is marked with evolution of the “general intellect” and the great importance of knowledge in terms of economic growth. This was recognised in sociology and economic science and has led to the development of the “post-industrial” and “post-Fordist” society theories, as well as the “knowledgebased economy” theory. As regards to the latter, we shall see in the paper how its apologetic narrative is subjected to a critique by the cognitive capitalism theory that represents an alternative viewpoint on the character of the contemporary economic relations and considers the proclamation of the existence of knowledge based economy unjustified since such assertion implies another kind of economic arrangement. Other than elaborating the cognitive capitalism theory, we explain in the paper the differences between the industrial capitalism and new capitalism and the changes related to the organisation of production, economic role of state, nature of work and technology, and, among other things, changes related to the position and autonomy of the workers. Still, the main problem of the paper not only pertains to the economic questions but also to the broader question on the role of knowledge in the society. On the basis of assessment of the role of different types of knowledge in contemporary society, we come to the conclusion that preconditions for becoming of “knowledge society” have not been established yet and that the dominant economic logic represents the main obstacle to its actualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper illustrates how a cultural product, first in the form of a novel and later as a cult status movie, triggers significant social reactions and polemics. Even though artworks can be abused, they acquire their value precisely through the ability to thematize sensitive topics and initiate social debates. There are different perspectives and interpretations of Fight Club, both of the novel and of the movie. In this paper, the main focus is the gender dimension, ie. the interpretation placing in foreground the discussion on the influence and consequences of hegemonic masculinity and patriarchy, where men are paradoxically suffering and imposing it at the same time. This paradox is leading to men being abusers, as well as accomplices and victims at the same time, which is portrayed very skilfully in the novel and in the movie. The movie opens space for discussions and reflections on gender issues, such as the crisis of traditional conceptions of masculinity in the postindustrial society, the relationship towards the “other” and the toxic responses to crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss the importance of the classical sociological thinkers for the development of cultural sociology programs. Based on this, the paper problematizes the specific position of one direction of cultural sociology and its “strong program”, and in that context, re-actualizes the contribution of classical theorists in understanding the interference between the cultural structures with the material/utilitarian and the political/ideological structures of the social world. It is primarily based on the analysis of Durkheim’s and Weber’s place in the sphere of cultural sociology, and the need to supplement the cultural sociology program with theoretical understandings of these thinkers, but also with the thinkers of modernity in general. Therefore, the paper seeks to offer a picture of a broader contribution of the “classics” to the understanding of cultural sociology, as well as the need to reconstruct certain aspects related to the cultural sociology program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture has the role to mediate communication and fabrication of perception of truth and dogmas of a society in certain space and time, and the wall, as the most accessible element, plays a significant role in this process as the bearer of the symbolic-representational function of architecture, thus overcoming its tectonic definition. The position of the wall at the interface of intention of blocking and permeating socio-spatial flows within the urbo-architectural ensemble makes it a liminal artifact subject to multiple interpretations. For this reason, numerous aspects of recognized binding narratives – protection, communication, marking and memory – were examined, indicating the existence of transcendence of the idea and concept of sanctity throughout the history of construction. Goal of this paper is to examine the existence of relationship between the inherent liminality of the wall and the type of narrative that men define responding to recognized liminality, that is, the origin of man’s need for enclosure – for barriers that are the product of seeking and creating sense and meaning in truths and dogmas. One of the answers lies in theological philosophy as the cause of structural dogmas in architecture, which through a metaphorical expression based on the subjective pathological dogmatism of the religious conception of the world can realize a literal collective interpretation through the artefact of the wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast way of life, the intensive flow of information and the comprehensive connection of people and capital with the global market and modern technologies lead to the questioning of the traditional definitions of the concepts of space, place and time in the social sciences, which at the same time makes the classical theories of migration questionable. The issue of “methodological nationalism” has long been discussed and criticized in the literature, as well as Eurocentrism, the dominance of the economic perspective and gender imbalance, recognized as stumbling points in migration research. The main criticisms of classical theories of migration are presented in the paper, as well as new approaches that are born from the attempt to understand the changes brought about by modern society and to overcome the set stumbling points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The times of social distancing and movement restrictions caused by Covid-19 have been marked by significant changes in all aspects of life. Due to preventive pandemic measures direct access of audiences to cultural institutions was unabled and performative arts moved to an online, virtual environment physicaly distancing performers from the audience. In this paper, we discuss adaptations that took place in the domain of culture and arts offering a virtual, technologically mediated experience, deprived from some dimensions of senses, emotional engagement, interaction and communication in vivo. Our research, therefore aims to inform on audiances’ aesthetic experience which was on the one hand devoided of bodily, situated performances, or on the other hand taking place with reduced number of spectators in an open space sites during the social distancing times. Key issues we focus on are transformations of performing arts in terms of audience participation and similar kinds of modifications that were not merely an answer to a current crisis, but a shift towards the new hybrid models of digital culture overcoming classic conceptual oppositions such as real-virtual, individual-collective and mass-elite. Our insights on performative arts and new media spheres hybridisation process as well as audiences’ altered position during social distancing times are based on literature in the field of sociology of culture and arts, esthetics and mediology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will consider Wittgenstein’s understanding of the concepts of knowledge and certainty and the need to differentiate these concepts in order to obtain a clearer picture about the nature and structure of human cognition. In his text On Certainty (Über Gewißheit), Wittgenstein analyses Moore’s characterization of the I Know attitude and points out to contradictions arising from his understanding of the previously stated. In this example, Wittgenstein shows that the question of the reliability of knowledge is incomprehensible without the question of the connection between linguistic and epistemic games which should always be contextually observed and articulated. Only in this way is it possible to overcome epistemological scepticism and relativism and open the question about the objectivity of knowledge. In this paper, I want to analyse the above stated assumptions that made Wittgenstein’s project the basis for a different understanding of epistemological topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptation of students in the academic context implies successfully meeting the demands of student life that are placed before them. Many students may have difficulty making academic as well as emotional and social adjustments to their studies. In order to improve the quality of student adjustment in higher education institutions, it is important to identify the factors that make it difficult. With insight into the literature of this area, it is possible to state that numerous sources of stress can contribute to difficulties in adaptation and daily functioning of students. The aim of this paper is to identify the most common sources of stress in the academic context from the perspective of students. The I and II cycle students of the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo (N = 46) have participated in this research. The research was conducted using an online questionnaire containing ten questions, which relate to various aspects of functioning of students in the higher education context. The questionnaire was constructed for the purposes of this research, and the task of the participants was to indicate which sources of stress they perceive when it comes to, for example, organization of work and time, implementation of administrative and other technical tasks, cooperation and communication with professors, teaching contents and assignments, teaching methods and forms, evaluation and monitoring of the student work, etc. A qualitative analysis of the participants' responses was done. The obtained results indicate that the biggest source of stress is time pressure, which refers to short deadlines for the realization of assignments and the inability to adequately distribute activities in a certain period. Also, most students perceive stressful the difficulties they encounter when it comes to administrative procedures at the Faculty (cooperation with services and the functioning of the information system). In addition to the above stated sources of stress, a number of students also report difficulties that occur in communication and cooperation with some professors and point out to an overload of teaching assignments (seminar papers, reports and essays). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I emphasise the problem of ontological (in)security in the context of contemporary world events related to the sudden expansion of COVID-19 virus. The emphasis is on the tradition of the reflexive sociology and the concept of methodological pluralism. The question of ontological (in)security is analysed form three sociological optics: 1) Ulrich Bech’s thesis on “risk society”; 2. Anthony Giddinese's thesis on “radicalised consequences of modernity”; 3. Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of the “liquid modernity”. Paper indicates that all three sociological theories are treating ontological (in)security as central concept, and implies that there is necessary correlation between ontological insecurity and the question of the modernity and its character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the concept of intersectional feminism in the context of Judith Butler's philosophy. Although this theoretical standpoint promotes an inclusive approach to the questions and issues faced by contemporary feminism, its influence has been diminished by the burden of traditional feminist legacies. The purpose of this paper is to compare the problematics of intersectional feminism and the definition of female identity in its root American political context considering race and Butler's views of the political subject of power concerning gender. The paper also puts forward Butler's critique of the concept of universality, which usually asserts a definition about the breadth of action and the political subject of power, and concludes an area of values that can often endanger one's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyzed the translation of the novel Il gattopardo by the Italian author Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa. We used the Feltrinelli editor's 2013 Italian edition and Mate Maras's translation from the year 1982, published by „Sveučilišna naklada Liber”. We chose this novel because of its specific syntax and lexics which pose a significant challenge for translators and based on the original text it is obvious that it is suitable for contrastive analysis. We did an analytical corpus analysis and we reached the conclusion that we can clearly see differences in the translation between the mechanisms of the two languages. The biggest differences were shown in verb tenses, syntax, the translation (or lack thereof) of foreign words and expressions, and on the semantical and phraseological level. This paper shows that the translator accurately translates the Italian text and adapts it to the language system of the Bosnian / Croatian / Serbian language finding the phraseological and functional equivalents and adapting the text where needed, but that we can also see the influence of the foreign language in the translation and certain mistakes and imprecisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the analysis of Brandom's approach to implication and its importance for philosophy of inferentialism. The goal is to show that the implication is the central concept in the philosophy of inferentialism and that it is essential for understanding of inferentialism as an epistemic important position. For this purpose, the paper analyses Brandom's turn towards material inference which allows the implicative content to expand in the way it takes into account the factual, material conditions and state of things. The paper wants to show that Brandom tries to reject the dogmas of formalism in that way and to turn towards practical discourse and language practices as the only framework where we can relevantly speak about the cognitive and epistemic problems in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the end of the 18th century, Italy was under Napoleon’s dominance. It was the time when centuries-long European values were being changed due to the Industrial, but also French revolution. The outcome of these enormous changes was an emergence of two artistic movements – neoclassicism and preromanticism that co-existed in Italy at the time. The most renowned Italian author of the 19th century, Ugo Foscolo, is a representative of both of these movements in the Italian literature. Neoclassicism and preromanticism emerged in the attempt to find an alternative to the same issues and, therefore, they co-existed in the same period of time, the elements of which are often present in the same authors, or even in one work of art. Foscolo is the author of Grazie, a neoclassical masterpiece of Italian literature, but also of the most significant work of the Italian preromanticism, the novel titled The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis. Both of these works present an attempt to escape the disappointing circumstances of the period in question. What is relevant is not the different directions at which these attempts of escapism were pointed, but the very need to do so. Culturally, in both cases, the rejection of the reality is evident. Both tendencies may be observed as a quest for an alternative to the existing conditions that are depressing: for neoclassicism, the alternative is found in the ideal of beauty and harmony, distant from the historical horrors and defeats. For preromanticism, it is the depths of one’s own self, in the union with nature, pastorally viewed as the centre of life’s authenticity. The different directions of escapism are no longer of any importance, but the very need to escape, which is what these two movements have in common. What we are about to explore in the present paper are the characteristics of neoclassicism and preromanticism in Italian literature, primarily in the works of Ugo Foscolo, the most influential Italian author of that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will explicate neoliberal contribution to human suffering of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. I will give an explanation about connections of modernisation process with social uncertanities and creation of world risk society. I will connect neoliberal capitalist paradigm with basic mechanisms of social uncertanity, showing the modes which contribute to interests of global capital. Exploatation of risk and profiting on human tragedies are one of the ways of capital reproduction, and I will connect that with political and economic practices during the COVID-19 crisis. Above all, I want to show how the commercialization of society neglects basic human welfare and that the domination of ideology of globalism doesn’t have any intentions to make global society more stable place, because it doesn’t know any efficient, on collective wellbeing directed, mechanisms of leading global processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I present an analysis of modern society, which under the influence of indicators of modernization and globalization produces risks that affect people globally with increasing uncertainty and uncertainty. Starting from Beck’s ideas, the conceptual understanding of risk is pointed out, including the concept of contemporary world events related to the emergence of COVID-19. The historical aspects of the modernization of aid to science and technological innovation and the role of capitalism, which has its foundations in this for the purpose of maximizing profits and increasing risk, are pointed out. I explain the triangulation of the terms globality, globalism and globalization and their connection with neoliberal ideology. Te wants to show how such processes have made it difficult to control and respond to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the evolution of the concept of the author in the context of French literature, with special regard to the literary production of the Middle Ages. It further explores the extent to which contemporary literary theory and meditations on the status of the author and literary works are pertinent to the study of medieval literature. Drawing a parallel between the anonymity of medieval literary productions and the symbolic death of the author in the 20th century, the paper points to the ways in which medieval studies exploit contemporary literary theory in the analysis of auctorial ‘I' of the medieval era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, I analyze the conceptual and contentual definition of selfhood, its individual and collective component, and its modernist objectivity within ethnic and national identities. As a concrete historically shaped and determined creation, personal selfhood is subject to the dialectic of social reality which in the era of modernity obtains its sociopolitical merit within the nation and its institutional analogue - the national state. On the other hand, postmodern tendencies change the image of selfhood as a coherent and permanently anchored being by focusing on the phenomena of decentralization, fragmentation and heterogeneity. The central thesis of the paper is that the postmodernist image of social reality and the related image of a fragmented personal selfhood cannot eliminate the influence, intensity and efficiency of nations, national identity and nationalism, and in itself is unable to eliminate these modernist determinants from the components of postmodern / post-national individual and collective identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss some of the important questions that occupy the attention of contemporary sociologists of religion, trying to point to some of the methodological and theoretical problems which gain wider relevance when they are situated in the context of the transformation of modern society and the role that religion holds within that transformation. The paper starts with the premise that we are witnessing a deep "crisis" of both modern society and social sciences. In the paper, I set some problems that are based on contemporary sociological understanding of issues such as: religious pluralism, the return of religions, the meeting of Europe and Islam, the models of relations between the state and religion, and the problem of religion in transitional societies with examples relevant to Bosnia and Herzegovina society. The paper consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis of Brandom's approach to epistemology from the perspective of his normative inferentialist philosophical project. The paper presents the basic ideas of Brandom's interpretation of epistemic concepts and the interpretation of the way in which they are applied to the understanding of different types of language practice. Brandom's thesis will be shown in which language practices are the only topos for a true understanding of fundamental epistemological concepts such as knowledge, rationality, etc. The central part of the research is related to Brandom's use of a normative vocabulary for understanding the epistemic aspect of communicative practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explicates Hans Mol's basic principles of identity theory of religion focusing on the relationship of the central theoretical concepts in the context of his sociology of religion - concept based on observing the relation between social production of the structure of the identity and the sacred. It is shown that religion for Hans Mola is understandable and determinable from the perspective of “mechanism of sacralization of the identity” specifying each of its constituent elements. The paper positions the role that Hans Mol took up on the debate about the secularization of the sixties and seventies from which certain conclusions can be made that the debate had the famous “theoretical logic of sociology” (Jeffrey C. Alexander). Among other things, the paper discusses also the authentic consequences of the “identity theory of religion” which are expressed in the form of sacralization of any scientific or political discourse. This paper is structured from introduction, three chapters and conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis of Gellner modernist theory of nationalism and its orientation towards specific components that are generated during the period of European modernism which enabled the construction of the nation as a socio-political constructs of that time. What will be shown is that Gellner's conception of nationalism cannot be interpreted in the context of the discussion about “battered metaphors” which lost its use value in the era of modern social organizations, and that nationalism is not merely an instrumental activity which becomes meaningless after the completion of the process of creating homogeneous national states. The paper aims to show how Gellner's insights and methods of objectifying the nationalist project in the era of modernity can be read as a useful matrix of immanent nationalism as a broader socio-cultural and sociopolitical phenomenon that shapes the national states, multi-national communities, “super-nations” and other state entities of the contemporary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pierre Schaeffer is one of the composers whose work has radically changed the course of art music in the 20th century. Technological, compositional-technical, and aesthetic innovations of his musique concrète offered a new paradigm of musical thinking in an age radically transformed by technology. Despite this, Schaeffer’s contribution as a composer has never been valued favourably. The major shortcoming attributed to him, which is the insufficient founding of his ideas in the historical musical discourse, can, nevertheless, be seen as an advantage. By moving away from the canonical ways of thinking in music, his opus has opened to the ideas of the most radical artistic practices of his time. Thus, Schaeffer joins a number of artists in the historical context who, unencumbered by the conventions of academic thought in music, have created new avantgarde paradigms. This paper seeks to position Schaeffer within the relationships that defined his artistic identity and artistic solutions and to offer another argument for loosening the epistemological boundaries between music and other arts. This argument is even stronger in contemporary times, when the medium is no longer a determinant, and when interdisciplinary and intermedia musical practices have already been introduced into the expanded field of music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the tragic developments that followed the country's disintegration in the early 1990s, the post-socialist transition in the former Yugoslavia was delayed compared to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The emerging comprehensive political, economic, and social changes have also affected the urban space through physical and social manifestations, initiating urban transformation. The paper analyses the post-socialist urban development of Belgrade with examples from two parts of the city with different historical heritage, social development, and urban functions. The inherited characteristics of the observed urban units, as well as the current political and socio-economic changes, have created opportunities for the differentiation of development trajectories. Urban dynamics have been examined over the last few years, and thus, the mechanisms and participants leading the current urban processes in Belgrade have been identified. These mechanisms are not exclusively related to Belgrade but are often present in other post-socialist urban environments, especially in the cities of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I present main topics in Ebu Yûsuf Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi's philosophy. I try to analyze how Kindi understands philosophy and its most important discipline metaphysics, as well as philosophical method and the main goals of philosophy. I also try to show how his understanding result with what I call in this paper “al-Kindi's analytic theology”. The essence of Kindi's analytic theology lies in his attempt to provide an apodictic proof for God's existence in the real philosophical sense. This proof, according to Kindi, begins with self-evident principles, and analytically, like demonstration in mathematics, develops towards the concept of God. In this way al-Kindi analyzes phenomenon of body as such, phenomenon of world as totality of body, time, as well as terms eternal, perfect and one. This Kindi's attempt represents the beginning of medieval Islamic tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I highlight the basic issues and problems of anthropology of religion as a specific scientific discipline for inteipretation, analysis and hermeneutical ethnography of religion in terms of its manifestations both in contemporary social relations and in relation to the present, almost extinct, religious systems. I seek to stress the importance, function, significance and necessity of the anthropological interpretation of religion in the B&H social context as one possibility of counter-ideological narrating about religious forms, considering the relative underdevelopment of this discipline on our territory. The paper also points to the relationship of the sociological and anthropological interpretation of religion from the perspective of the central problems which these scientific disciplines have as a common starting point: secularization, globalization, religious extremism, religious violence, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will explicate the basic aspects of Ayer's criticism of Descartes' statement “Cogito, ergo sum”. Namely, Ayer tried to show in his criticism that this statement is an expression of Descartes' tendency to deduce all human knowledge from intuitively certain premises. What I want to show in this paper is that Ayer's critique of this statement has in itself entirely integrated positivist matrices about the understanding of traditional metaphysics. This positivist criticism takes Descartes' philosophy as the most representative example of the metaphysical way of thinking. In this article, 1 want to show that the evaluation of Ayer's criticism of Descartes entirely depends on the acceptance of the positivist philosophical project, in other words, I want to show that this analytical endeavor of Ayer is acceptable only from the perspective of requirements which are set before philosophy by the positivist orientation on the conceptual value of various philosophical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of this paper is a presentation of an alternative theory in the field of philosophy of mind, which was created by the development of cognitive sciences and computer technologies of the twentieth century. Of particular importance is Turnig’s machine whose study at the logical level has contributed to new ways of understanding the mental. A theory such as functionalism (Putnam) does not study the mental in the same way as dualists and materialists do in the philosophical tradition. The Mental has to be described in a generally logical manner (“higher level” of description), i.e. its function is described (input-output ratio), and is created by drawing a parallel between man and machine (known as a computer metaphor). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical insights in the field of sociology, as well as in any other humanities, often reflect ideologized aspects of human knowledge. Sociological reflections about religion are no exception. In this paper, taking that into account, I will try to point out on some of the methodological and theoretical problems of providing an unambiguous definition of religion with special reference to secularization theories. Absence of consensus in normative definition of religion is a consequence of varieties of theoretical conceptualizations about secularization and vice versa. It is shown that understanding religion and its role in the context of modernity is contingent upon our understanding of secularization. Inter alia, in this text I lay out three main perspectives of studying religion in the field of sociology of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the beginning, men have reflected on their origins and the origins of the world, trying to explain the magical forces that led to human existence. In the same way, they try to understand the path that await them after cutting the earthly bonds of the soul imprisoned in the liminal existence on earth. The significance of religious thought in the creation of boundaries, which are eventually inserted into space, is particularly recognized in eschatological reflections and literal interpretations of the spatiality of eschatological metaphors. The Cartesian nature of man predisposes him to contemplation of the world through a fascination with liminality, which is reflected in his inner and outer world. Due to the contextual similarity, this paper considers the spatiality of liminality in the eschatological idolum of the three most represented Abrahamic religions in Southeast Europe - Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Spatial coding of the liminal in the eschatological idolum, recognized in the cosmographic organization of the universe, defines liminality in the vertical sense, and establishes a (spatial) hierarchy in the levels of soul realization, which is consequently recognized in the spatial conception of the social hierarchy of earthly life. Spatiality exegesis of eschatological idola recognizes a horizontality of liminality conditioned by the progression of the soul through architecturally defined frameworks, modeled by the imago mundi, which reveals a literal spatial interpretation of the doctrine of separation (upon which the concept of the Judgment Day rests) based on moral hierarchy. The complexity of soul's progression through the liminal stages, reduced to a diagrammatic representation of its transformation in accordance with the religious canon, points to life as a reference point for the ontological transformation that comes after it. Therefore, it is denoted by a clear framework – thresholds, into which man has imprinted elements of spatiality. The possibility of identifying the archetypal concept of boundary is sought in these tresholds, which indicates an opportunity to understand the nature of man and this process of insciption of his nature in socio-spatial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyse Avicenna's understanding the relation between ontology and theology in Aristotle's 'Metaphysics'. My starting points are the Aristotle's understanding of metaphysics and analysis of his very book 'Methaphysics', which is put together for the first time by Andronicos from Rhodos. Following this, I examine Avicenna's understanding of Aristotle's work. In the central part of this paper, I am explaining Avicenna's synthesis in regard to the Aristotle's Metaphysics, which represents the original interpretation of relation between ontology, as science on being qua being, and theology, as science on God. My intention is to demonstrate Avicenna's synthesis of these two disciplines, as well as his use of a concept of necessary being for understanding the metaphysics as both unique and coherent science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late 19th century art in Western Europe was marked by Art Nouveau, or Secession on the territory o f the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Certainly this movement is extremely important for Europe, as well as for the entire World, with exceptional importance. At the same time, due to its size, other aesthetics that were his contemporary are rarely mentioned. The paper draws attention to the traditional Islamic calligraphy, which was present during the Austro-Hungarian period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This calligraphy, though it never had the opportunity to be present in all the Monarchy, has a high aesthetic quality. After finding concrete examples it isobvious presence of the active calligraphers and organized schools of calligraphy. The main aim of this paper is to encourage art historians and art theorists to give more space on research Islamic art in the history o f art of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss Putnam's concept of semantic externalism that emerged as a result of critical examination of traditional semantic schemes and their related research methods of meaning of the linguistic phenomena. By rejecting individualistic psychologisation of meaning, Putnam pointed to the role of language communities where individuals of communicative practices in different language games manifest the knowledge of language facilities usage thus verifying the correct methods of the usage. This approach led Putnam to the idea of division of linguistic labor and its associated concepts of stereotypes that are normative patterns of semantic procedures and that show ways in which the social environment should be treated in relation to the semantic questions. In this paper, I want to analyse the above mentioned schemes that have made Putnam's project the basis for a different understanding of the semantic topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyse the characteristics of the international criminal law as a part of the public international law and as a specific research discipline, as well as the characteristics of the relationship between the international criminal law and the criminal law in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper reviews the historical-juridical position of the international criminal law through the debate on its theoretical and political status, and the practical implications and effectiveness of this type of legal system, which is the subject of analysis about the complex ways the International Tribunal in The Hague is functioning. On the other hand, the character of the dominant influence of the international criminal law on the legal structure is discussed, as well as functioning of the criminal law of Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in general, of the complex domestic legal system. The paper's thesis is that despite the legal heteronomity and the redistributive criminal justice legislation, international criminal law exists, and that it is in the fundamental relationship with the international criminal justice system as an ambient of coordination and coherent functioning of the criminal legal norms at the global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I consider the relation between Dorothy E. Smith's critical sociology and Durkheim's understanding of society through Randle J. Hart and Andrew McKinnon's text entitled as Sociological Epistemology: Durkheim's Paradox and Dorothy E. Smith's Actuality in which these authors favour the reflections of this theoretician as a more objective, direct and actual form of description of the social reality compared to those offered by Emile Durkheim. Special attention is given to their critique of Durkheim's dualism and their reference on intersubjectivity and consensuality of reflexive sociology which does not see the social world in the binary form (individuality-sociability). Main thesis of this paper is that the analysis of these two sociologists have neglected Durkheim's own insights on this issue, and that, on the other hand, some of the critical remarks related to Durkheim's sociological position can already be read in the works of his contemporaries within the classical sociological discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the representation of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Austro-Hungarian occupation in international and world exhibitions held towards the end of the 19th Century. By analysing exhibition pavilions, built in eclectic styles with dominant elements of Islamic architecture, in addition to exotic exhibition settings, I shall underline the elements of Orientalism in the presentation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper will attempt to show, in the manner of an orientalised image of its occupied territories, how the Austro- Hungarian administration emphasised its "enlightenment role" in thedevelopment of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as a successful "cultural mission" led by Benjamin von Kàllay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I present essential differences in the approach to the expression of the avant-garde in the works of Kazimir Malevich and El Lissitzky. In part one of my work, I take into consideration the emergence of the term "avant-garde" and the goals it expressed - this will serve as a basis that will be applied to the authors'artistic production and theoretical writings in order to understand the fundamental differences in their work. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how the authors, despite being contemporaries and associates, and despite the superficial similarities usually imposed on the same movement in art history discourse, were essentially different in their realization of avant-garde expression. While the avant-garde of Malevich is self-reflective and esoteric, Lissitzsky activelly propagates his ideology and political goals to a wider audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I analyze the notion of human rights and their commodification qua institutionalization. The thesis of the paper explores the process of institutionalizing human rights after the Second World War as a direct cause of their commodification - in trun reducing the autonomy and emancipation to mere legal categories, i.e. empty signifiers. Using the work of several contemporary philosophers, I analyze not only the process of commodification, but that of legal castration too (Douzinas). Legal castration is understood as secondary and it enables us to enter the realm of the social and political. By analyzing universal/particular debate, I show how, despite the ideological formatting present within the human rights discourse, the rights inclose the emancipatory potential within themselves (Rancière, Žižek). The antinomicity concerning the universal/particular debate in this sense produces an important dimension to the human rights discourse; that is, it opens the space of the political, wherein we look for a solution which goes beyond the liberal notions of universalism and particularism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I discuss Ishmael Reed's novel Mumbo Jumbo as an example of an open and free form which jazz and voodoo use as their structural principles. The starting point of this paper explores the idea of improvisation as a signifier for freedom, echoing the very features of jazz and voodoo. Reed uses a western style narrative in the form of a novel, while simultaneously resisting traditional narration by using fragmentation, polyphony, open form and elements of postmodernism as his own answer to the contemporary sterile and predictable Western narration. Reed's "Jes Grew" epidemic is seen as a new manifestation of improvisation and freedom which undermines Western monotheism, history, and rationality. The importance of Mumbo Jumbo lies in successfully challenging the Western logocentric, mainly white, rational history through an unusual and improvised free form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze lexical errors on the corpus of exams written by third year students of the Italian language and literature at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Sarajevo during the History of the Italian Language I course. We will conduct a quantitative and qualitatve analysis of the corpus with the goal of verifying if students are on their way to acquiring the expected B2 level of lexical skills according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Language guidelines. We expect that the research will show a significant influence of the mother tongue and other studied languages as well as that the grammar level will correspond to the B2 level. In the future, we plan to use this research to determine the shortcomings and quality of the History of the Italian Language I course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to establish the total and individual contributions of perceived mother and father acceptance-rejection in explaining the variance of perceived intimate partner acceptance-rejection in men and women. The research sample consisted of 225 participants, but from final statistical analysis were excluded participants who did not meet all the necessary criteria. Therefore, the final sample consists of 209 participants (113 female and 96 male). The average age of participants was M=29.30 (SD=6.44) for male and M=27.36 (SD=5.90) for female. The following instruments were applied: Socio-demographic Features Questionnaire, Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire and Intimate Partner Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. The results of hierarchical regression analyses indicate that described set of predictor variables account for 14% of total variance of perceived intimate partner acceptance in women and 11% of total variance of perceived intimate partner acceptance in men. It was found that perceived intimate partner acceptance-rejection in both groups was significatly predicted by perceived parental acceptance-rejection of mothers. The obtained results indicate that both men and women who perceive a higher degree of acceptance by mothers also perceive a higher degree of intimate partner acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text, I discuss the sociological understanding of the self and its immanent connection with the individual identity. Basic concepts and interpretations are presented which are relating to the attempt to understand the development of the self as a social construction from the perspective of certain classical and contemporary sociological considerations. The central part of the paper focuses on the analysis and problematization of the self and individual identity as the authentic social subjects or participants, as well as on the analysis of their connection with particular political ideologies. In the end, the text shows how the reflection on the self and individual identity cannot be separated from the reflection on identities and dichotomies that may result from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of this paper, I explain the main intention of the research, which is to explain and emphasize the importance of al-Farabi's conception of happiness, as well as the central place of the theory of happiness within his entire philosophical oeuvre. Also, I will take into account other aspects of al-Farabi's philosophy, such as his understanding of jihad and struggle of the soul. An indispensable factor in the shaping of al-Farabi's teaching, especially his thoughts about happiness, is the influence of Islam and Greek philosophy. I will discuss the importance and influence of Plato and Aristotle to al-Farabi's conception of happiness on the one hand, and Islamic spiritual and cultural tradition which represents a crucial element that encouraged al-Farabi to make a step forward in relation to his Greek predecessors on the other. In the last section of the paper, I discuss the importance of al-Farabi's conception of happiness for understanding of medieval philosophy, which is best reflected in his direct influence on the main representative of the medieval Jewish philosophy - Moses Maimonides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]