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The safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy in children, particularly preterms, neonates and infants, is limited by a paucity of good‐quality data from prospective clinical drug trials. A specific challenge is the establishment of valid biomarkers. OMICs technologies may support these efforts by complementary information about targeted and nontargeted molecules through systematic characterization and quantitation of biological samples. OMICs technologies comprise at least genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in addition to the patient's phenotype. OMICs technologies are in part hypothesis‐generating, allowing an in depth understanding of disease pathophysiology and pharmacological mechanisms. Application of OMICs technologies in paediatrics faces major challenges before routine adoption. First, developmental processes need to be considered, including a subdivision into specific age groups as developmental changes clearly impact OMICs data. Second, compared to the adult population, the number of patients is limited as are the type and amount of necessary biomaterial, especially in neonates and preterms. Thus, advanced trial designs and biostatistical methods, noninvasive biomarkers, innovative biobanking concepts including data and samples from healthy children, as well as analytical approaches (eg liquid biopsies) should be addressed to overcome these obstacles. The ultimate goal is to link OMICs technologies with innovative analysis tools, such as artificial intelligence at an early stage. The use of OMICs data based on a feasible approach will contribute to the identification complex phenotypes and subpopulations of patients to improve the development of medicines for children with potential economic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does a firm's supply management strategy affect post-innovation disruption or post-disruption innovation in the supply chain? Interestingly, the supply chain innovation literature has also advocated for the important roles of suppliers in contributing to a buying firm's innovation performance (Kumar et al., 2020; Narasimhan & Narayanan, 2013). [Extracted from the article]

We test whether environmental regulation affects investment decisions, using Census data for individual paper mills. New mills in states with strict environmental regulations choose cleaner production technologies, with differences in air and water pollution regulation also influencing technology choice. Examining investment allocation across existing plants, we find that abatement and productive investment tend to be scheduled together. However, plants with high abatement investment over the entire period spend significantly less on productive capital. This seems lo reflect both environmental investment 'crowding out' productive investment within a plant, and firms shifting investment towards plants facing less stringent abatement requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russia–Ukraine war requires management scholars to reflect on the interconnectedness of research themes across countries, and across management disciplines. This paper introduces the papers in this mini special section and discusses the interdisciplinary implications of the Russia–Ukraine war on themes that include – but are not limited to – management theory, banking, energy, culture, psychology and international entrepreneurship and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing recognition of the unique advantages of reinforcement learning and genetic algorithms in addressing combinatorial optimization problems, this study aims to integrate these two methods to collectively tackle the classic combinatorial optimization challenge of the travelling salesman problem (TSP). The TSP stands as a quintessential combinatorial optimization challenge, tasked with determining the shortest path among designated cities. This paper introduces an innovative approach by amalgamating reinforcement learning's path selection prowess with genetic algorithms' global search strategy, aiming to uncover superior solutions in TSP. Specifically, the experiment employs a dual Q‐learning algorithm within reinforcement learning to identify multiple optimal paths, serving as progenitors for the genetic algorithm to further enhance performance. The paper meticulously outlines the problem modelling process, elucidating TSP instance definitions, descriptions, and precise objective function definitions. Experimental findings underscore the substantial enhancements achievable in TSP optimization through this comprehensive approach, offering a fresh perspective and methodology for tackling combinatorial optimization challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 refers to the digital transformation in the manufacturing domain through new technology. Currently, it expands well beyond manufacturing, affecting many areas of life and posing implications for all types of business. This paper focuses on the relationships between Industry 4.0 and Healthcare which transitions to increased interconnectivity, automation and smart decision making. The integration context of Industry 4.0 into Healthcare is only partly understood. Little was done until now to consolidate what is known on the integration benefits and the challenges. This article reports results of a systematic mapping study that analysed 69 papers to extract knowledge about the concepts of Industry 4.0 and the emerging Healthcare 4.0., and the relationships between them. We found 10 different perspectives of Healthcare 4.0, ranging from strategic to tactical and operational levels. Next, our results show: (i) nine applications of Industry 4.0 in the Healthcare domain: Augmented Reality and Simulation, Autonomous Robotics, Cybersecurity, Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Additive Manufacturing and Systems Integration; and (ii) 10 benefits and nine challenges in Healthcare 4.0. The most frequently mentioned benefits are patients' diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and financial benefits. The most researched challenges are data fragmentation, heterogeneity, complexity, and privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces several articles published in the April 2001 issue of the `Regional Science' journal concerning innovation and regional development.

This paper documents firm mark‐ups and competition in Australia, and their impact on productivity, using administrative data. I find that mark‐ups increased by around 5 per cent since the mid 2000s, less than previously documented for Australia and slightly less than documented for the average advanced economy. While part appears to reflect technological change, part appears to reflect an increase in market power. This increase appears to explain part of the slowdown in productivity growth observed in Australia over the past decade, by slowing the efficient reallocation of resources from low productivity to high productivity firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation (RSN) journal has a history of publishing special issues focused on new technologies or conference papers. They plan to continue and expand these special issues under the oversight of Professor Alessio Balleri. The journal has also embraced the open access model, with 27 of their hybrid journal programs transitioning to Gold OA in 2020. They now have 43 open access journals in their portfolio. Open access offers benefits such as wider readership, faster impact, and increased recognition for authors. The RSN journal prides itself on its rapid processing and publication times, with an average time of 29 days from submission to first decision and 25 days from acceptance to e-first publication. The editors express their gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their contributions to maintaining the journal's quality and speed. The article concludes with a statement that no new data were created or analyzed during the study. [Extracted from the article]

Besides the substantial advantages of adopting information and communication technologies (ICTs), software small medium enterprises (SSMEs) face major challenges largely connected to knowledge sharing, security, and management of data and information. The objective of this paper is to propose a platform backed with the advantages of blockchain technologies, allowing intra‐ and inter‐organizational knowledge and information sharing in SSMEs without losing control and ownership. Blockchain technology has the potential to bring about significant improvements in enhancing business models and processes wherein the authenticity of data is provided by smart contracts at every access point in a distributed information cycle in a transparent manner. The findings will support businesses in enhancing information flow, innovation, and competitive advantage in the current dynamic market. Unlike existing studies, which merely discuss the broader use of blockchain technology in the SSME domain, this paper provides a fresh promising direction in transforming SSMEs digitally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the intricate tapestry of environmental discourse, the field of political ecology emerges as a powerful lens through which we scrutinise the interplay of power, nature and society. This paper stages a dialogue with Paul Robbins to examine environmental justice, the decolonisation of political ecology, colonialism, sovereignty, climate change and capitalism. The dialogue challenges the conventional narratives of sovereignty and underscores the imperative of genuine decolonisation—beyond metaphorical interpretations—calling for the restitution of land and authority to Indigenous Peoples and other historically marginalised communities. The dialogue highlights the importance of moving away from capitalist systems that exacerbate environmental degradation. The dialogue calls for decolonising political ecology by including diverse perspectives, methodologies and ontologies and underlines the importance of control over productive resources. It emphasises that addressing the impacts of colonialism requires recognising and honouring the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples and suggests that political ecology can contribute to decolonisation by focusing on sovereignty and supporting legal and institutional frameworks that empower marginalised communities. The paper discusses the way forward and the future trajectory of political ecology by suggesting that future research in political ecology should focus on diverse economies, embrace emerging technologies and rework academic institutions to value knowledge co‐production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managed pressure cementing (MPC) is a new technology based on managed pressure drilling, which has a greater advantage in facing narrow density window formations. However, the existing pressure prediction models during MPC injection stage consider fewer factors and have lower accuracy. To this end, combined with the characteristics of the injection stage, a predictive model of the distribution of annular fluid type was first proposed. Then, based on the experimental results, fluid density and rheology as a function of temperature and pressure were fitted. The governing equation of temperature‐pressure field was established. Eventually the fluid performance parameters–temperature–pressure coupling prediction model was developed in this paper. By comparing the predicted pump pressure with the measured pump pressure, the maximum relative error is not more than 10%. Using this model, the fluid type distribution, temperature field distribution, and pressure field distribution were investigated. The results indicated that the distribution of fluid types in the wellbore presented a complex variation, with up to 10 fluids in the casing and up to five fluids in the annulus. The trend of temperature field is complex, with three turning points. The larger the formation temperature gradient, the higher the fluid temperature in the annulus. The influence law of fluid heat conduction coefficient is reversed at 6750 m. Decreasing drilling fluid density will trigger gas channeling, while increasing drilling fluid density will increase the risk of fracturing formation, and safe operation can be realized by MPC. The variation of the static pressure in the casing is more complicated than in the annulus and the annular circulation pressure in the eccentric casing is smaller than that of the concentric casing, which is due to the smaller annular friction pressure. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of hydrodynamic parameters during the MPC injection stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past century, the field of antibody discovery has undergone significant evolution, excluding the current exploration stage of artificial intelligence‐based antibody generation and the often overlooked non‐animal sourced antibody discovery, which typically requires mature in vitro affinity and the selection of high‐quality antigen formulations. This journey has traversed various stages, from methods involving serum‐based antibody acquisition, the isolation of B cells capable of perpetual antibody production through hybridoma technology, to the in‐depth exploration of genetic material using the phage display system, and the current stage involving diverse single B cell screening techniques. Additionally, the emergence of machine learning has brought impressive scientific and technological breakthroughs across research domains, proving to be a powerful application in the field of antibody discovery. However, each technique comes with its limitations, such as variability and control challenges in serum‐based acquisition, lengthy and difficult hybridoma‐derived antibody development, potential limitations in sequence and epitope diversity due to immunization biases in phage display techniques, and costly single B cell screening. Protein mass spectrometry sequencing, with shorter acquisition time and lower costs, is seen as a shortcut by diagnostic companies, impacting traditional antibody development. In diagnostic antibody development, methodological differences in downstream assays and the impact of constant regions outside the Fv core are often neglected. This paper deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of exercise physiology has undergone significant technological advancements since the pioneering works of exercise physiologists in the early to mid‐20th century. Historically, the ability to detect metabolites in biofluids from exercising participants was limited to single‐metabolite analyses. However, the rise of metabolomics, a discipline focused on the comprehensive analysis of metabolites within a biological system, has facilitated a more intricate understanding of metabolic pathways and networks in exercise. This review explores some of the pivotal technological and bioinformatic advancements that have propelled metabolomics to the forefront of exercise physiology research. Metabolomics offers a unique 'fingerprint' of cellular activity, offering a broader spectrum than traditional single‐metabolite assays. Techniques, including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have significantly improved the speed and sensitivity of metabolite analysis. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including study design and data interpretation issues. This review aims to serve as a guide for exercise physiologists to facilitate better research design, data analysis and interpretation within metabolomics. The potential of metabolomics in bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype is emphasised, underscoring the critical importance of careful study design and the selection of appropriate metabolomics techniques. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need to deeply understand the broader scientific context to discern meaningful metabolic changes. The emerging field of fluxomics, which seeks to quantify metabolic reaction rates, is also introduced as a promising avenue for future research. What is the topic of this review?The integration of metabolomics in exercise physiology.What advances does it highlight?Technolgical advances in the study of metabolites, with particular relevance to exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over two decades, the literature has characterized contemporary Western societies as audit societies. These societies are characterized by an approach to governance that is shaped by the idea and practice of auditing. This paper shows that with regard to public governance, the audit society has started to give way to a program of government innovation, or what we theorize to be the emergence of a new form of society: the innovation society. The paper builds this theorization on a longitudinal case study of the past 40 years of Danish central government administrative policy developments with a focus on internal auditing. The paper shows that internal auditing has transitioned from being a macro actor of public governance to becoming a micro actor and ultimately terminated. The paper further shows that this dissociation process was instigated not by elected politicians but by highly positioned civil servants who managed to remove what they identified as an obstacle to the stability of the innovation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How managers acquire, leverage, and protect technological competencies in order to innovate successfully and enhance firm performance is central to the field of strategic management. When tensions across acquisition, leverage, and protection activities are resolved and synergies are captured, the value derived from technological competencies can be used to fuel a virtuous cyclein which fewer resources are needed to perpetuate a firm's advantage. The papers in this issue examine the mechanisms underlying acquisition, leverage, and protection, and are particularly useful in resolving these tensions and highlighting potential synergies. We develop a typology to describe the research domain and relate these papers to one another. Based on gaps in this typology and issues raised by these papers, we offer observations for future research on the acquisition, leverage, and protection of technological competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the urge to make public sector organizations accountable has resulted in a wide range of citizen‐centered financial reporting tools that aim to overcome the limits of traditional financial reporting. To date, the debate on these public accountability innovations has mainly focused on the reasons underpinning their adoption from the users' perspective, while how preparers affect accountability in the process of constructing such documents is empirically less investigated. By drawing on Callon's concept of translation, this paper aims to analyze how the preparers of citizens‐centered financial reports perceive and translate public accountability into practice. In fact, localized translation of public accounting innovation may reveal divergences and ambiguity inherent in the public accountability principles shaped by concurring actors, events, and technologies. The research is qualitative and interpretative, through a longitudinal case study in a municipality, observing the process of construction of a citizen‐centered financial reporting tool (i.e., Popular Financial Reporting—PFR). The originality of the paper lies in its contribution to the debate about how public accountability tools are translated into practice by providing evidence of the dynamics that lead an organization along the implementation path. Our findings confirm that the output of the process is the result of the interaction of different networks of interest. Consequently, the final document may vary consistently from the initial project and the general principles of the framework followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bidirectional power flow is becoming increasingly commonplace in modern distribution systems with the integration Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). This has facilitated in bringing generation closer to end‐consumers, thus leading to the emergence and rapid growth of microgrids. Additionally, due to the technological revolution in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), innovative business models have developed where willing and able participants of the power system can participate in the electricity market. In line with this evolution of both the electric power system and its participants, Energy‐as‐a‐Service (EaaS) is emerging as an increasingly prominent business model to address electrical grid challenges economically. EaaS encourages electricity grid customers to play a more active role and participate in different electricity markets. This paper introduces and simulates a variant of a Transactive Energy (TE) trading algorithm for microgrids. The paper describes the model in brief how multiple microgrids assets can trade electricity to ensure more efficient and economical local resource utilization. The main motivations of this research paper is to validate and test the suitability of the TE trading algorithm for a variety of conditions. The coordinated TE trading model can optimize expansion and investment planning especially at the distribution level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmembrane transport analysis is essential for understanding cell physiological processes. Based on an artificial simulation of internal and external cellular environment, this paper introduces an innovative approach to investigate the microscopic behavior of small molecules through porin protein under mechanical curvature of lipid membrane. A flexible device system is developed, enabling quantitative electronic transmembrane analysis. The key transistor comprises a flexible, microporous electrode covered with the support lipid bilayers (SLBs) to mimic artificial cellular membrane, serving as an extended gate of the field‐effect transistor (FET). The transmembrane behaviors of charged ions and small molecules can be effectively monitored in real time by this FET‐based flexible device system. The flexibility of the electrode allows analyzing the transmembrane behavior under different mechanical bends. In this study, the developed flexible device is employed for the first time to simulate the mechanical bending of cellular membrane embedded with channel proteins and to monitor the transmembrane behavior of small molecules, thus providing a more authentic representation of membrane protein at a curved state. This approach holds the potential to contribute as a platform‐based technological advancement, supporting research into toxicological mechanisms and facilitating drug screening endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This white paper is the outcome of the seventh UC Davis Cardiovascular Research Symposium on Systems Approach to Understanding Cardiovascular Disease and Arrhythmia. This biannual meeting aims to bring together leading experts in subfields of cardiovascular biomedicine to focus on topics of importance to the field. The theme of the 2022 Symposium was 'Cell Diversity in the Cardiovascular System, cell‐autonomous and cell–cell signalling'. Experts in the field contributed their experimental and mathematical modelling perspectives and discussed emerging questions, controversies, and challenges in examining cell and signal diversity, co‐ordination and interrelationships involved in cardiovascular function. This paper originates from the topics of formal presentations and informal discussions from the Symposium, which aimed to develop a holistic view of how the multiple cell types in the cardiovascular system integrate to influence cardiovascular function, disease progression and therapeutic strategies. The first section describes the major cell types (e.g. cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, immune cells, etc.) and the signals involved in cardiovascular function. The second section emphasizes the complexity at the subcellular, cellular and system levels in the context of cardiovascular development, ageing and disease. Finally, the third section surveys the technological innovations that allow the interrogation of this diversity and advancing our understanding of the integrated cardiovascular function and dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger system that establishes transparent contract processes and facilitates secure but trusted business transactions. Policy‐makers around the world are intrigued by the potential of this emerging technology to solve policy problems, including the challenges of the transition away from centralised, linear models of energy generation and consumption towards decentralised and distributed energy systems. Blockchain has also been promoted as a mechanism to transform carbon markets, yet the focus in this area to date has been on using blockchain to create new carbon market schemes. This paper addresses an important research gap by asking how blockchain could be applied to an existing carbon market. To answer this question, the study uses an established design process to develop an Australian carbon market blockchain design. The paper finds that this design could improve the efficiency, equity and effectiveness of the Australian carbon market. This paper makes an important research contribution to carbon market policy development by developing a blockchain design that could improve how an existing carbon market functions, and the findings presented here are relevant to government and industry stakeholders globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics have transformed the automotive industry, contributing substantially to automobile design, weight reduction, fuel efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This review paper examines the applications of plastics in the automotive sector, evaluates the present trends, and describes the future plastic consumption possibilities, emphasizing emerging technology and sustainable practices. The paper delineates how plastics have become an essential component of automotive innovation and illustrates the possibilities for additional breakthroughs in this dynamic industry. Highlights: Advances in plastics, bioplastics, and smart materials in the auto industry.Plastic role in design, safety, and sustainability in the auto industry.Recycling and the circular economy of plastics in the auto industry.Collaboration of stakeholders to drive change in the auto industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Supply Chain Management's 2022 emerging discourse incubator looks to encourage scholars from different disciplines to develop and test new theories to advance our understanding about why and how firms should manage supply network resources for deploying competitive actions and gaining competitive advantage. To start that discourse, this issue offers three invited papers. In "Broadening our understanding of interfirm rivalry: A call for research on how supply networks shape competitive behavior and performance," Christian Hofer, Jordan Barker, Laura d'Oria, and Jon Johnson discuss the criticality of the supply network to a focal firm's capability in engaging competitive behaviors and the effectiveness of their rivalrous activities, which together affect the firm's competitive advantage. Michael Howe and Yao Jin explore the relational multiplexity theoretical framework in "It's Nothing Personal, or is it? Exploring How Relational Multiplexity in the Supply Chain Can Enhance Competitive Behavior." In "A theoretical model on how firms can leverage their supply chain strategy through political actions," Abhay Grover and Martin Dresner use the structure‐conduct‐performance and competitive dynamics perspectives to theorize about the relationship between political strategies, supply chain risk management strategy, and firm competitive advantage. These invited papers provide a solid foundation to further a discourse that explains how and why changes in supply chain networks can enable firms to rapidly introduce competitive actions such as new product innovations to remain competitive in their respective industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expanding use of lithium‐ion batteries in electric vehicles and other industries has accelerated the need for new efficient charging strategies to enhance the speed and reliability of the charging process without decaying battery performance indices. Numerous attempts have been conducted to establish optimal charging techniques for commercial lithium‐ion batteries during the last decade. However, a few of them are devoted to the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the charging techniques from the control‐oriented perspective for a battery pack. To fill this gap, a review of the most up‐to‐date charging control methods applied to the lithium‐ion battery packs is conducted in this paper. They are broadly classified as non‐feedback‐based, feedback‐based, and intelligent charging methods. Finally, the paper concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the reviewed techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using historical data for the 1700–1914 period, this paper analyses the nature and direction of technical change in Britain. The evidence in this paper indicates that, over this long period, labour‐saving technology adoption was a major response to changes in relative factor prices, thus supporting the hypothesis that 'induced innovation' was a major driver of technical change during the British industrial revolution. Labour saving was made possible and sustained by capital‐augmenting and energy‐augmenting technical change coupled with continuous capital accumulation and abundant energy supplies. This process placed the British economy on a higher capital–labour ratio equilibrium, and was the primary force driving sustained productivity growth, which further raised wages and living standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical studies conducted at the Institut de Recherche de l'Entreprise (Lyon, France) show that, in 'stalemate industries' (cf. the BCG's typology. 1981), differentiation strategies are effective and profitable alternatives to the usual strategic recommendations. The knowledge of customers' behavior shows up several opportunities for differentiation, hidden by some kind of 'strategic presbyopia'. Total quality or 'zero default' strategy (product quality regularity, punctuality of deliveries, quick response to unexpected orders, quick and correct answers to requests, short delivery times) is the major opportunity for differentiation. Such strategies are compatible with a low-cost position: excellent companies which succeeded in building this 'total advantage' (diferentiation + low cost) over their competitors enjoy the highest market share growth and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metaverse is a concept used to refer to a virtual world that exists in parallel to the physical world. It has grown from a conceptual level to having real applications in virtual reality games. The applicability of the Metaverse in numerous sectors like marketing, education, social, and even advertising exists. However, there exists little or no work on Metaverse applicability to the transportation industry. Data‐driven intelligent transportation systems (DDITS) aim to provide more intelligent systems based on exploiting data. This paper reviews the concepts and features of the Metaverse. Also, the review goes over three dominant DDITS challenges: vehicle fault detection and repair, testing new technologies, and anti‐theft systems. In addition, it highlights prospective Metaverse solutions that apply to the DDITS. Buttressing the utility of Metaverse in DDITS, this paper presents two major case studies: the invisible to visible (I2V) and the Metaverse on Wheels (MoW) technologies. Finally, the influence, limitations, and open issues of Metaverse applications to DDITS are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the editor's comments on issues pertaining to the "Strategic Management Journal" (SMJ). SMJ has appointed a new associate editor, Richard A. Bettis, to a three-year term. C.K. Prahalad and Richard A. Bettis' 1986 paper "The Dominant Logic: A New Linkage Between Diversity and Performance," has been awarded SMJ's Best Paper Prize. The editor also discusses topics that will be covered in 1995s special issues, including "Technological Transformation and the New Competitive Landscape" for the 1995 Summer Special Edition.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)—the simplest and most common silicone compound—exemplifies the central characteristics of its class and has attracted tremendous research attention. The development of PDMS‐based materials is a vivid reflection of the modern industry. In recent years, PDMS has stood out as the material of choice for various emerging technologies. The rapid improvement in bulk modification strategies and multifunctional surfaces has enabled a whole new generation of PDMS‐based materials and devices, facilitating, and even transforming enormous applications, including flexible electronics, superwetting surfaces, soft actuators, wearable and implantable sensors, biomedicals, and autonomous robotics. This paper reviews the latest advances in the field of PDMS‐based functional materials, with a focus on the added functionality and their use as programmable materials for smart devices. Recent breakthroughs regarding instant crosslinking and additive manufacturing are featured, and exciting opportunities for future research are highlighted. This review provides a quick entrance to this rapidly evolving field and will help guide the rational design of next‐generation soft materials and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐rotor drones equipped with acoustic sensors have great potential for bioacoustically monitoring vocal species in the environment for biodiversity conservation. The bottleneck of this emerging technology is the ego‐noise from the rotating motors and propellers, which can completely mask the target sound and make sound recordings unusable for further analysis. The ego‐noise not only degrades the performance of bioacoustic monitoring but also impacts the behaviour of target species if the drone is too close to the target area. In this paper, we address this challenging problem by combining hardware and software solutions that minimize the impact of drone ego‐noise on bioacoustic monitoring.To collect the target sound from the ground, we used a shotgun microphone recording system suspended underneath the drone body with a wire rope (steel fishing line) of length 2 m. The suspended rope puts a large distance between the drone and the recorder, reducing the propeller sound perceived by the microphone. The shotgun microphone enables the sound to be picked up from the ground effectively while rejecting the drone sound from above. We further developed a software solution that aims to automatically recognize the bird species from the bird call recording and we proposed a noise‐augmented training scheme to improve the robustness of bird recognition in the presence of strong drone noise.We evaluated the performance of the system in a test problem of recognizing 20 bird species with in‐flight recordings, where a loudspeaker on the ground simulates bird calls. The recordings were obtained using a drone hovering at various altitudes ranging from 5 to 30 m. By combining the hardware and software solutions, the system recognizes birds robustly at an altitude of 30 m and signal‐to‐noise ratio −25 dB.This demonstrates the feasibility of our drone audition system for bioacoustic monitoring. The proposed method overcomes a long‐standing bottleneck problem in drone audition and promises new applications of bioacoustic monitoring in research and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper exploits triggered lightning as a point source for the basin‐scale electromagnetic tomographic survey to image 3‐D subsurface electrical properties in basins. This paper further develops a new temporal moment approach, overcoming the difficulties in forward and inverse modeling of 3‐D Maxwell's equations with heterogeneous parameter fields. Using this approach, we find that the influence of a single triggered lightning strike covers a radius of 20–70 km with detectable signals. The cross‐correlation analysis between the moment difference of the electric and electric/magnetic property field indicates that the approach is suitable for mapping subsurface electric conductivity (σ $\sigma $) heterogeneity. A numerical experiment with 3‐D spatially random parameter fields demonstrates that the method captures the spatial distribution of electric conductivity over large areas with a sparse monitoring network. It reveals the potential of using triggered lightning as a basin‐scale electric/magnetic tomography survey. Plain Language Summary: Triggered lightning experiments traditionally aim at adverse impacts of lightning phenomena on near‐surface structures (such as buildings, power, communication, and transportation networks). Magnetotellurics surveys have exploited electromagnetic (EM) waves from thunderstorm activities and the interaction of solar wind with the Earth's magnetosphere to map the subsurface structure, assuming that electromagnetic waves are planar and propagate vertically into the Earth. This paper, in contrast, explores the EM waves generated by flashes of lightning triggered by a lightning rocket at designated locations as EM point sources and their measurements at different depths and distances in the subsurface. Such experiments are tantamount to an EM tomographic survey, viewing the subsurface from different perspectives. This paper further develops a new stochastic methodology to analyze the propagation of EM waves in heterogeneous geologic media over hundreds of kilometers. These accomplishments permit harvesting the lightning signals to image the subsurface over greater depths and areas and address the image's uncertainty. Numerical experiments confirm the robustness of this proposed concept, which could be a new technology to explore subsurface processes and natural resources in basins and mountain terrains. Key Points: An efficient 3‐D forward and inverse model based on the temporal moment is developed to solve Maxwell's equations in random parameter fieldsTriggered lightning tomography yields an excellent subsurface electric conductivity spatial distribution in a basin of several kilometersDeep lightning rods in the subsurface improve vertical resolution and depth of investigation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault analysis is necessary to design a protection system and circuit breakers for a power system network. The multiphase system is a new technology so very little work is found for the fault analysis of a multiphase system contrary, unlike a three‐phase system. The faults in a seven‐phase system may be either symmetrical or non‐symmetrical. A non‐symmetrical fault requires studying the sequence components of a seven‐phase system using Fortescue transformation. In the paper, non‐symmetrical fault analysis of the seven‐phase system has been analysed. For this, a new definition of sequence components of an unbalanced seven‐phase system has been proposed in this paper. Then the proposed sequence components are applied to different faults studies at the input and output sides of a seven‐phase transformer. Further, the effect of the construction of a seven‐phase transformer, that is, core type and shell type on its output is studied. Moreover, the effect of open‐phase input is analysed using simulation and hardware results. From the analysis, it is found that in certain configurations of a seven‐phase transformer, the seven‐phase output is produced even though open‐phase fault is present at the input while in other configurations, seven‐phase is not produced in the case of open‐phase fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What accounts for the common perception that women have contributed little to advances in entrepreneurship and innovation in Britain during the early industrial era? This paper empirically examines the role of gender diversity in inventive activity during the first and second industrial revolutions. The analysis of systematic data on patents and unpatentable innovations uniquely enables an evaluation of women's creativity within both the market and nonmarket sectors. British women inventors were significantly more likely than men to focus on unpatentable innovations in consumer final goods and design‐oriented products that spanned art and technology, and on uncommercialized improvements within the household. Conventional approaches that fail to account for nonmarket activity and for such incremental changes in consumer goods and design innovations therefore significantly underestimate women's contributions to household welfare and overall economic progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With technological advancements, much data is being captured by sensors, smartphones, wearable devices, and so forth. These vast datasets are stored in data centres and utilized to forge data‐driven models for the condition monitoring of infrastructures and systems through future data mining tasks. However, these datasets often surpass the processing capabilities of traditional information systems and methodologies due to their significant size. Additionally, not all samples within these datasets contribute valuable information during the model training phase, leading to inefficiencies. The processing and training of Machine Learning algorithms become time‐consuming, and storing all the data demands excessive space, contributing to the Big Data challenge. In this paper, we propose two novel techniques to reduce large time‐series datasets into more compact versions without undermining the predictive performance of the resulting models. These methods also aim to decrease the time required for training the models and the storage space needed for the condensed datasets. We evaluated our techniques on five public datasets, employing three Machine Learning algorithms: Holt‐Winters, SARIMA, and LSTM. The outcomes indicate that for most of the datasets examined, our techniques maintain, and in several instances enhance, the forecasting accuracy of the models. Moreover, we significantly reduced the time required to train the Machine Learning algorithms employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate parents' preferences and motivations for receiving and discussing prognostic genetic test results. Method: We used a cross‐sectional, interpretive description qualitative study design. We collected data through semi‐structured interviews with Australian parents, which we analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Parents (n = 32) had a child or children with a genetic neurodevelopmental condition, such as fragile X syndrome, DiGeorge (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome, or Angelman syndrome. Parents of mildly impacted or older children were tolerant to prognostic uncertainty. Parents found conversations about their child's prognosis emotional and preferred to discuss their child's potential strengths and challenges. While most were enthusiastic about prognostic tests and described many motivations for testing, the potential for prognostic information to contribute to a loss of hope and stigmatizing societal views were also discussed. Interpretation: Parents had mixed preferences and motivations for acquiring prognostic genetic information about their child, contrasting evidence in other contexts such as cancer where parents typically have minimal tolerance of uncertainty. Health professionals should consider strength‐based framing of prognostic information gained from current and emerging technologies when returning results to families. What this paper adds: Parents had varied views about receiving prognostic information on their children's neurodevelopmental condition.Some parents preferred prognostic uncertainty about their children's genetic neurodevelopmental condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has become a popular method of observing seismic wavefields: backscattered pulses of light reveal strains or strain rates at any location along a fiber‐optic cable. In contrast, a few newer systems transmit light through a cable and collect integrated phase delays over the entire cable, such as the Microwave Frequency Fiber Interferometer (MFFI). These integrated systems can be deployed over significantly longer distances, may be used in conjunction with live telecommunications, and can be significantly cheaper. However, they provide only a single time series representing strain over the entire length of the fiber. This work discusses theoretically how a distributed and integrated system can be quantitatively compared, and we note that the sensitivity depends strongly on points of curvature. Importantly, this work presents the first results of a quantitative, head‐to‐head comparison of a DAS and the integrated MFFI system using pre‐existing telecommunications fibers in Athens, Greece. Plain Language Summary: New technologies are being developed to measure earthquakes using fiber‐optic telecommunications cables. The most popular new method in recent years is "Distributed Acoustic Sensing," (DAS) in which pulses of light are repeatedly sent down a fiber and one measures the signals that reflect back. Shaking from an earthquake will stretch the fiber and the signature of reflected pulses will change. A new method (Microwave Frequency Fiber Interferometer [MFFI] in the paper) sends light from one end to the other and measures differences in optical phase. The new method has many advantages: it is cheaper, can be used on longer cables, and can be used at the same time as active telecommunications. As a disadvantage is lacks the high spatial resolution that DAS offers. This paper discusses the differences between the two methods and shows how to compare them, and then shows the first real‐data, head‐to‐head comparison from an earthquake observed in Athens, Greece. Key Points: We develop and test a theory for the quantitative comparison of distributed and integrated fiber‐optic strain sensingThe sensitivity of integrated measurements depends primarily on local fiber curvature and fiber heterogeneityA data‐based comparison corroborates the theory, thereby demonstrating the geophysical value of our integrated sensor system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented which discusses various reports published within the issue including microgrid and virtual power plant for power supply, voltage reactive power control of a power system, and virtual power plant real-time energy management along with a brief profile of guest editors.

The explosion of interest in knowledge and its management reflects the trend towards 'knowledge work' and the Information Age, and recognition of knowledge as the principal source of economic rent. The papers in this Special Issue represent an attempt by strategy scholars (and some outside our traditional field) to come to terms with the implications of knowledge for the theory of the firm and its management. They are the product of a convergence of several streams of research which have addressed management implications of knowledge, including the management of technology, the economics of innovation and information, resource-based theory, and organizational learning. At the theoretical level, knowledge-centered approaches of Penrose, Arrow, Hayek and others have been enriched by contributions from evolutionary economists (notably Nelson and Winter) and epistemologists (notably M. Polanyi). At the empirical level, research into innovation and its diffusion originated by Mansfield, Griliches and others has been extended through studies which investigate tacit as well as explicit knowledge, and explore knowledge transfer within as well as across firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article calls for papers on exploring innovations in global supply chain networks to be submitted to the journal "Decision Sciences."

In the past years, multimedia content has improved in realism and plausibility owing to the development of deep learning techniques, particularly the generative adversarial networks and variational auto‐encoders. Though digital content, especially digital movies shot from a certain viewpoint gives a true representation of reality, yet the ubiquitous usage of content manipulation techniques casts doubt on its veracity. Deepfaking an AI based tampering technique, is able to map facial and acoustic features of a source person onto the target with an intention to make target say or enact the things that has not happened in real. Numerous approaches have been proposed in the literature for detection of image and video deepfakes. With technological advancement, researchers have also started to examine audio deepfakes and ways to detect them. As there is currently no comprehensive overview of audio deepfake generation and detection techniques, this paper aims to provide a survey of the relevant literature in this area. This survey paper intends to help research fraternity about the available audio generation and detection approaches for design of reliable detection models in future to classify fake and real audios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power grids monitoring, operation, control, and commercialisation are transforming gradually due to technological advancements, and new frontiers of distinct applications are emerging in this field. Global emphasis on increasing the dependence on renewable sources of generation and the introduction of electric vehicles as means of transformation can potentially affect the traditional notion of grid analysis, monitoring, and control. The prevalence of communicable intelligent devices enables peers to transact and sell/buy power locally or to the grid. Ensuring security, privacy, and avoidance of double‐spending in these transactions could be manifested by utilising the developments in blockchain technologies. In this paper, modified IEEE 123 bus distribution system has been considered. The effect of incorporating the energy transactions over block‐chain in ADN on Available Distribution Capability, aggregated load profile, and load‐ability is evaluated. The effect has been quantified using blockchain efficiency factor BCef${\bf{B}}{{\bf{C}}_{{\bf{ef}}}}$ proposed in this article. It has been observed that enabling intelligent electronic devices peers to transact over blockchain can improve the performance of the ADN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research provides contrasting perspectives on the implications of product recalls for firms. While some studies find that recalls represent failures that can motivate firms to innovate, others suggest that the resource‐intensive nature of recalls may inhibit firms from innovating. This study presents a theoretical framework that reconciles these two perspectives by proposing an inverted U‐shaped relationship between a firm's product recall frequency and innovation output. The paper also evaluates the effect of the firm's growth potential on the recall frequency–innovation relationship. Analysis of data on vehicle recalls and recall‐related patents in the automotive sector from 1980 to 2019 confirms the inverted U‐shaped relationship and shows that the relationship is steepened by the growth potential of the firm. Overall, the study presents a more nuanced understanding of learning from product recalls and bridges the supply chain disruption and innovation literature in the context of product recall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, I focus on the contrast between doing elegant, or peer impressing applied economics, and relevant applied economics that develops solutions to real‐world problems. I emphatically applaud elegant economics but in this paper focus on how our profession can achieve relevance to those outside our profession. In particular, I examine several key areas of professional relevance. First, I examine how technological change can disrupt not only the industries we normally examine but also our profession. Second, I examine our dependence on available, quality data. From that perspective, I advocate for greater efforts and leadership with respect to data for our profession. Next, I examine our engagement with industry and our non‐Ph.D. graduates. This leads me to pose the question of whether we would gain from great efforts to engage non‐academic alumni of our departments? Finally, I draw upon my experiences with the policy makers to suggest we should walk a fine line between advocacy for our discipline, and science in general, while vigorously maintaining objectivity and nonpartisanship in our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on "talking" methods, noting their wide application across the social sciences, and identifies potential spaces for innovation in this field. Drawing on interview material from the Methods for Change project, we argue that researching methods requires creative approaches to talk. With research methods as our focus, we draw on data collected from online interviews with 36 academics, which aimed to explore the transformative potential of social science research methods. We make three contributions. First, we consider challenges and potentials for talking about methods and communicating the transformative potential of social science methods to diverse audiences. Second, we elaborate on the detail of doing talking methods, identifying potential spaces for innovation. Third, we suggest there is value in supplementing interviews with creative techniques when talking with and about method. We highlight three such techniques used in our project as a means of eliciting conversation about the transformative potential of methods: how-to instructions; object interviewing; and methods as animals. The conceptual underpinnings, practical applications and obstacles encountered with each technique are discussed, including our own reflections on creative interviewing in a context where face-to- face research was restricted. In doing so, we respond to and advance recent debates about the need to talk more about the doing of talking methods. We argue that academics need to articulate why methods matter in creating change to global challenges, and that creative techniques can play a pivotal role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging technology, virtual coupling improves the efficiency and flexibility of metro services by forming multiple trains (units) as a virtually coupled train set (VCTS) without mechanical couplers. However, to realize the desired VCTS operation in practical metro services, a significant gap to be filled is that the implicit and nonlinear safety constraints are hard to be addressed in real‐time control. Thus, this paper proposes a hierarchical control approach with a two‐layer framework. In the upper layer, a trajectory planning method is designed, which addresses the safety constraints and prescribes a reference trajectory for each unit. In the lower layer, a model predictive control approach is constructed, by which each unit accurately tracks its reference trajectory in real time. Afterward, the proposed hierarchical control approach is employed to realize VCTS inter‐station operation in field tests. The average tracking error of speed is around 8 cm/s and the stopping error is less than 12 cm. The following distance between two units in VCTS is reduced to less than 105 m at the speed of 80 km/h, which is a breakthrough in the development of VCTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic management scholars have long explored the broad topic of innovation, a cornerstone in creating competitive advantage. Any attempt at theory construction in this area must encompass reliable and valid measures for key innovation characteristics. Yet, with respect to an important construct, i.e., disruptiveness of innovations, there has been relatively little academic research. Without formalizing the disruptiveness concept with a reliable and valid measure, it is difficult to conduct rigorous research to uncover the causes of the innovator's dilemma and identify mechanisms to help incumbents develop such innovations. In this paper, we develop a scale for the disruptiveness of innovations. We collected data from senior executives (vice president or general manager level) at 199 strategic business units (SBUs) in 38 Fortune 500 corporations and performed a series of analyses to establish the reliability and validity of the disruptiveness scale. The reliability measures, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and subsequent statistical tests strongly support our measure. Further, we also present nomological validity of the disruptiveness construct, thus establishing its predictive validity. Thus, this paper distinguishes the disruptiveness concept from other established innovation constructs, such as radicalness and competency destroying. Finally, we discuss the significance of our results and how this study might be useful to other researchers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]